Article(id=1194684379139117085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1194684377813717012, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250298, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1744214400000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1748880000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-06-03, onlineDate=1762764552149, onlineDateStr=2025-11-10, pubDate=1762185600000, pubDateStr=2025-11-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762764552149, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762764552149, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762764552149, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1194684377813717012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='11', pageStart='4721', pageEnd='5182', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762764551833, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762764551833, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=5172, endPage=5182, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1194684379361415200, articleId=1194684379139117085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Development and evaluation of a numerical identification kit for Pseudomonas species, columnId=1194702985843413943, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Technology and Method, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective Bacteria of Pseudomonas are the main cause of food-borne and clinical infections. At present, mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene are widely used to identify Pseudomonas, while the facilities relied on are expensive and require cumbersome operation. Internationally, the numerical identification products require manual single-sample loading procedures, which are cumbersome. This study aims to develop a numerical identification kit for Pseudomonas with high accuracy and simple operation. Methods On the basis of the existing biochemical reaction data of Pseudomonas, we developed a numerical identification model via the branching diagram method and designed and optimized 11 biochemical matrix formulas for microquantization. We then used the kit to identify the standard strains and isolates of Pseudomonas and compared the results with those from mass spectrometry and PCR to evaluate the performance of the kit. Results A numerical identification kit was developed, and it was capable of identifying 10 species of Pseudomonas with just one sample addition. The accuracy rate of the kit in the identification for 5 standard strains and 135 isolates reached 97.04%, and the accuracy rate in actual samples was 97.74%. The biochemical test was stable and reproducible, and the identification cost (25 CNY/sample) of the kit was only 10% of that (240 CNY/sample) of the comparable product from bioMérieux (France). Conclusion The numerical identification kit developed in this study for Pseudomonas has simple operation, a low price, and high accuracy, which can be used in clinical diagnosis and food detection.

, correspAuthors=Yuwei WU, Qinghua YE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail: YE Qinghua,
WU Yuwei,
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiaozheng ZHENG, Xinyu ZHAO, Qiang WAN, Qingping WU, Wenjie WEI, Jian SUN, Yingwang YE, Yuwei WU, Qinghua YE), CN=ArticleExt(id=1194684553131430111, articleId=1194684379139117085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=假单胞菌属细菌数值鉴定试剂盒的研制与评价, columnId=1194702986061517752, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=技术与方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)细菌是主要致病菌。目前,基于质谱、16S rRNA基因测序等常用鉴定方法所需的仪器昂贵,且国际上数值鉴定产品需人工单一加样,操作繁琐。因此,亟需构建一款鉴定准确率高、操作简便的假单胞菌鉴定试剂盒。 方法 汇集现有假单胞菌属生化反应数据,采用分支图法构建数值鉴定模型,设计并优化筛选出的11种生化基质微量化配方;以质谱和PCR为参照方法,对所建立试剂盒鉴定假单胞菌标准株和分离株的结果进行评价。 结果 成功研制出仅需一次加样即可鉴别假单胞菌属10个种的数值鉴定试剂盒。该试剂盒对5个标准菌株和135个分离菌株的鉴定准确率达到97.04%,在实际样本中的鉴定准确率为97.74%,生化试验稳定且可重复,鉴定成本(25元/样品)仅为法国梅里埃公司同类产品(240元/样本)的10%。 结论 本研究开发的假单胞菌属数值鉴定试剂盒操作简便、价格低廉、准确率高,可应用于临床诊断和食品检测。

, correspAuthors=吴毓薇, 叶青华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=SEg/LGW3A6035r0DQHaeNA==, magXml=muMYSMmP/SOtV3JHnw8IBg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=05EAJSSzLIQNZKjGZ+N4zw==, pdfFileSize=1319327, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=vZwU87ILCaWrHSde4nsk+Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=GDl2kizmwuD8c93POLQRfQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=郑晓峥, 赵昕宇, 万强, 吴清平, 魏文杰, 孙健, 叶应旺, 吴毓薇, 叶青华)}, authors=[Author(id=1194980184349721561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1194980184433607644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, authorId=1194980184349721561, language=EN, stringName=Xiaozheng ZHENG, firstName=Xiaozheng, middleName=null, lastName=ZHENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Key Laboratory of Food Microbial Safety Big Data Technology (State Administration for Market Regulation), Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1194980184488133597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, authorId=1194980184349721561, language=CN, stringName=郑晓峥, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 合肥工业大学 食品与生物工程学院,安徽 合肥
2 广东省科学院微生物研究所,华南应用微生物国家重点实验室,广东省微生物安全与健康重点实验室,国家卫健委微生物食品营养与安全科技创新平台,国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(食品微生物安全大数据技术),广东 广州, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1194980184110646221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194980184114840526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, companyId=1194980184110646221, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194980184127423439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, companyId=1194980184110646221, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 合肥工业大学 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firstName=Qingping, middleName=null, lastName=WU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Key Laboratory of Food Microbial Safety Big Data Technology (State Administration for Market Regulation), Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1194980185075336173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, authorId=1194980184911758313, language=CN, stringName=吴清平, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 合肥工业大学 食品与生物工程学院,安徽 合肥
2 广东省科学院微生物研究所,华南应用微生物国家重点实验室,广东省微生物安全与健康重点实验室,国家卫健委微生物食品营养与安全科技创新平台,国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(食品微生物安全大数据技术),广东 广州, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1194980184110646221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194980184114840526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, companyId=1194980184110646221, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194980184127423439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, companyId=1194980184110646221, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 合肥工业大学 食品与生物工程学院,安徽 合肥)]), AuthorCompany(id=1194980184177755088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194980184198726609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, companyId=1194980184177755088, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Key Laboratory of Food Microbial Safety Big Data Technology (State Administration for Market Regulation), Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194980184215503826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, companyId=1194980184177755088, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 广东省科学院微生物研究所,华南应用微生物国家重点实验室,广东省微生物安全与健康重点实验室,国家卫健委微生物食品营养与安全科技创新平台,国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(食品微生物安全大数据技术),广东 广州)])]), Author(id=1194980185146639343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1194980185222136818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, authorId=1194980185146639343, language=EN, stringName=Wenjie WEI, firstName=Wenjie, middleName=null, lastName=WEI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Key Laboratory of Food Microbial Safety Big Data Technology (State Administration for Market Regulation), Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1194980185285051379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, authorId=1194980185146639343, language=CN, stringName=魏文杰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 合肥工业大学 食品与生物工程学院,安徽 合肥
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Drug Standards of China, 2024, 25(3): 289-295 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1194980192969015365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=9, issue=21, pageStart=5699, pageEnd=5703, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=32, authorNames=万志刚, 朱晓旋, 杨晓夏, 张泳, 文浩田, 马淑棉, 吕敬章, journalName=食品安全质量检测学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=万志刚, 朱晓旋, 杨晓夏, 张泳, 文浩田, 马淑棉, 吕敬章. 不同品牌CN琼脂上铜绿假单胞菌色素表达的研究[J]. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2018, 9(21): 5699-5703., articleTitle=不同品牌CN琼脂上铜绿假单胞菌色素表达的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1194980193023541318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=9, issue=21, pageStart=5699, pageEnd=5703, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=33, authorNames=WAN ZG, ZHU XX, YANG XX, ZHANG Y, WEN HT, MA SM, LV JZ, journalName=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WAN ZG, ZHU XX, YANG XX, ZHANG Y, WEN HT, MA SM, LV JZ. Pigment expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on different brands of CN agar[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2018, 9(21): 5699-5703 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1194980193082261575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=27, issue=15, pageStart=38, pageEnd=108, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=34, authorNames=逯岩, 祝琳, journalName=中国医疗器械信息, refType=null, unstructuredReference=逯岩, 祝琳. 全自动细菌生化鉴定分析系统与细菌微量生化鉴定阳性菌的结果分析[J]. 中国医疗器械信息, 2021, 27(15): 38, 108., articleTitle=全自动细菌生化鉴定分析系统与细菌微量生化鉴定阳性菌的结果分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1194980193166147656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=27, issue=15, pageStart=38, pageEnd=108, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=35, authorNames=LU Y, ZHU L, journalName=China Medical Device Information, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LU Y, ZHU L. Automatic bacterial biochemical identification and analysis system and analysis of the results of positive bacterial microbiochemical identification[J]. China Medical Device Information, 2021, 27(15): 38, 108 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1194980189064118302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, awardId=2022YFF1100700, language=EN, fundingSource=National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1100700), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1194980189173170207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, awardId=2022YFF1100700, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发项目(2022YFF1100700), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1194980189273833504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, awardId=2022YFF1101102, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发项目(2022YFF1101102), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1194980189370302497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, awardId=2022B1515020068, 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journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, companyId=1194980184177755088, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Key Laboratory of Food Microbial Safety Big Data Technology (State Administration for Market Regulation), Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194980184215503826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, companyId=1194980184177755088, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 广东省科学院微生物研究所,华南应用微生物国家重点实验室,广东省微生物安全与健康重点实验室,国家卫健委微生物食品营养与安全科技创新平台,国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(食品微生物安全大数据技术),广东 广州)]), AuthorCompany(id=1194980184278418388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194980184286806997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, companyId=1194980184278418388, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Guangdong Huankai Biotechnology Co. , Ltd. , Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194980184291001302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, companyId=1194980184278418388, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 广东环凯生物科技有限公司,广东 肇庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1194980186815971342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Optimization of the PAUX medium formula. Test strain: Pseudomonas chlororaphis FSCC (206249). A: The test results of Hutner’s basal medium without a carbon source were all positive; B: The test results of sugar fermentation basal medium without a carbon source were all positive; C: The test results of PAUX medium conformed to the Pseudomonas-positive probability database., figureFileSmall=rxj00wQK30QetbbEbo3qAg==, figureFileBig=PsLKuuvfzvCGc3xQkDX0XQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980186857914383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, language=CN, label=图1, caption=PAUX培养基配方的优化结果。测试菌株为绿针假单胞菌FSCC (206249)。A:休式基础无碳源培养基测试结果均为阳性;B:糖发酵基础无碳源培养基测试结果均为阳性;C:PAUX培养基测试结果符合假单胞菌阳性概率数据库。, figureFileSmall=rxj00wQK30QetbbEbo3qAg==, figureFileBig=PsLKuuvfzvCGc3xQkDX0XQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980186925023248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Database for numerical identification of Pseudomonas species

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainsGLUaARAaTREaMNEaINOaMANaNAGaFRUaMALaSORaSTAa
P. aeruginosa9905400888399000
P. putida996059721199110
P. koreensis989760973959098121
P. mosselii9800991939698111
P. taiwanensis9900000099001
P. oleovorans21212121211
P. fluorescens99709897999999992991
P. chlororaphis9660979899999899120
P. stutzeri9800009839997093
P. mendocina97121199199000
), ArticleFig(id=1194980186987937809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

假单胞菌属菌种数值鉴定数据库

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainsGLUaARAaTREaMNEaINOaMANaNAGaFRUaMALaSORaSTAa
P. aeruginosa9905400888399000
P. putida996059721199110
P. koreensis989760973959098121
P. mosselii9800991939698111
P. taiwanensis9900000099001
P. oleovorans21212121211
P. fluorescens99709897999999992991
P. chlororaphis9660979899999899120
P. stutzeri9800009839997093
P. mendocina97121199199000
), ArticleFig(id=1194980187046658066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Examples of numerical identification of Pseudomonas bacteria

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainsTest aTest bTest c
Pseudomonas 196986
Pseudomonas 290594
Pseudomonas 348690
Test strain++-
), ArticleFig(id=1194980188095234067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

假单胞菌待测菌数值鉴定计算方法举例

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainsTest aTest bTest c
Pseudomonas 196986
Pseudomonas 290594
Pseudomonas 348690
Test strain++-
), ArticleFig(id=1194980188204285972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Evaluation of identification results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ID valueT valueResult evaluation
≥90%≥90%Excellent identification
≥90%≥50%Very good identification
≥80%≥60%Very good identification
≥90%≥20%Good identification
≥80%≥30%Good identification
≥70%≥40%Good identification
≥60%≥50%Good identification
≥90%≥0%Acceptable identification
90%≥ID value≥80%≥1%Acceptable identification
80%≥ID value≥60%≥10%Acceptable identification
90%≥ID value≥60%≥0.01%Suspicious identification
<60%≥10%Suspicious identification
<60%<10%Unacceptable identification
<90%<0.01%Unacceptable identification
), ArticleFig(id=1194980188283977749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

鉴定结果评价

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ID valueT valueResult evaluation
≥90%≥90%Excellent identification
≥90%≥50%Very good identification
≥80%≥60%Very good identification
≥90%≥20%Good identification
≥80%≥30%Good identification
≥70%≥40%Good identification
≥60%≥50%Good identification
≥90%≥0%Acceptable identification
90%≥ID value≥80%≥1%Acceptable identification
80%≥ID value≥60%≥10%Acceptable identification
90%≥ID value≥60%≥0.01%Suspicious identification
<60%≥10%Suspicious identification
<60%<10%Unacceptable identification
<90%<0.01%Unacceptable identification
), ArticleFig(id=1194980188384641046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Biochemical identification results of Pseudomonas standard strains

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainsGLUaARAaTREaMNEaINOaMANaNAGaFRUaMALaSORaSTAa
ATCC 25619+-+--+++---
GIM 1.46+-+--+++---
GIM 1.57++-+---+---
CGMCC 1.1806-----------
ATCC 13525++++++++-+-
), ArticleFig(id=1194980188468527127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

假单胞菌标准株的生化鉴定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainsGLUaARAaTREaMNEaINOaMANaNAGaFRUaMALaSORaSTAa
ATCC 25619+-+--+++---
GIM 1.46+-+--+++---
GIM 1.57++-+---+---
CGMCC 1.1806-----------
ATCC 13525++++++++-+-
), ArticleFig(id=1194980188556607512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of numerical identification of standard strains of Pseudomonas

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainsIdentification resultID value (%)T value (%)Result evaluation
ATCC 25619P. aeruginosa99.91100Excellent
GIM 1.46P. aeruginosa99.91100Excellent
GIM 1.57P. putida99.92100Excellent
ATCC 13525P. fluorescens99.18100Excellent
CGMCC 1.1806P. oleovorans99.99100Excellent
), ArticleFig(id=1194980188636299289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

假单胞菌标准株的数值鉴定法结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainsIdentification resultID value (%)T value (%)Result evaluation
ATCC 25619P. aeruginosa99.91100Excellent
GIM 1.46P. aeruginosa99.91100Excellent
GIM 1.57P. putida99.92100Excellent
ATCC 13525P. fluorescens99.18100Excellent
CGMCC 1.1806P. oleovorans99.99100Excellent
), ArticleFig(id=1194980188699213850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Results of numerical identification of Pseudomonas isolates

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainsTypeIdentification result

ID value

(%)

T value

(%)

Result evaluationNumber of strainsConsistency rate (%)
P. aeruginosaP. aeruginosa95.5272.41Very good45100.00
P. aeruginosaP. aeruginosa99.93100.00Excellent38100.00
P. aeruginosaP. aeruginosa89.5231.03Good27100.00
P. aeruginosaP. aeruginosa99.9142.86Good13100.00
P. aeruginosaVP. chlororaphis99.15100.00Excellent30.00
P. aeruginosaP. mosselii65.780.01Suspicious10.00
P. stutzeriP. stutzeri99.99100.00Excellent3100.00
P. stutzeriP. stutzeri90.140.01Acceptable1100.00
P. mendocinaP. mendocina98.87100.00Excellent3100.00
P. chlororaphisP. chlororaphis97.77100.00Excellent1100.00
Total13597.04
), ArticleFig(id=1194980188753739803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

假单胞菌分离株的数值鉴定法结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainsTypeIdentification result

ID value

(%)

T value

(%)

Result evaluationNumber of strainsConsistency rate (%)
P. aeruginosaP. aeruginosa95.5272.41Very good45100.00
P. aeruginosaP. aeruginosa99.93100.00Excellent38100.00
P. aeruginosaP. aeruginosa89.5231.03Good27100.00
P. aeruginosaP. aeruginosa99.9142.86Good13100.00
P. aeruginosaVP. chlororaphis99.15100.00Excellent30.00
P. aeruginosaP. mosselii65.780.01Suspicious10.00
P. stutzeriP. stutzeri99.99100.00Excellent3100.00
P. stutzeriP. stutzeri90.140.01Acceptable1100.00
P. mendocinaP. mendocina98.87100.00Excellent3100.00
P. chlororaphisP. chlororaphis97.77100.00Excellent1100.00
Total13597.04
), ArticleFig(id=1194980188808265756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Results of numerical method for identification of Pseudomonas in soil samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainsNumerical identificationMS identification
Identification resultType

ID value

(%)

T value

(%)

Result evaluationNumber of strainsAccuracy (%)Identification resultNumber of strainsAccuracy (%)
P. aeruginosaP. aeruginosa99.9142.86Good1100.00P. aeruginosa1100.00
P. putidaP. putida97.3266.67Very good69100.00P. putida69100.00
P. putidaP. putida99.92100.00Excellent96100.00P. putida96100.00
P. putidaP. mosselii64.620.01Suspicious40.00P. putida4100.00
P. koreensisP. koreensis99.02100.00Excellent23100.00P. koreensis23100.00
P. koreensisP. koreensis97.2666.67Very good30100.00P. koreensis30100.00
P. koreensisP. koreensis86.520.67Suspicious20.00P. koreensis2100.00
P. mosseliiP. mosselii99.41100.00Excellent27100.00P. mosselii27100.00
P. taiwanensisP. taiwanensis95.08100.00Excellent9100.00P. taiwanensis777.78
P. fluorescensP. fluorescens99.18100.00Excellent3100.00P. fluorescens3100.00
P. oleovoransP. oleovorans99.99100.00Excellent1100.00P. oleovorans1100.00
Total26597.7426599.25
), ArticleFig(id=1194980188871180317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379139117085, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

土壤样品中假单胞菌数值鉴定法的结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainsNumerical identificationMS identification
Identification resultType

ID value

(%)

T value

(%)

Result evaluationNumber of strainsAccuracy (%)Identification resultNumber of strainsAccuracy (%)
P. aeruginosaP. aeruginosa99.9142.86Good1100.00P. aeruginosa1100.00
P. putidaP. putida97.3266.67Very good69100.00P. putida69100.00
P. putidaP. putida99.92100.00Excellent96100.00P. putida96100.00
P. putidaP. mosselii64.620.01Suspicious40.00P. putida4100.00
P. koreensisP. koreensis99.02100.00Excellent23100.00P. koreensis23100.00
P. koreensisP. koreensis97.2666.67Very good30100.00P. koreensis30100.00
P. koreensisP. koreensis86.520.67Suspicious20.00P. koreensis2100.00
P. mosseliiP. mosselii99.41100.00Excellent27100.00P. mosselii27100.00
P. taiwanensisP. taiwanensis95.08100.00Excellent9100.00P. taiwanensis777.78
P. fluorescensP. fluorescens99.18100.00Excellent3100.00P. fluorescens3100.00
P. oleovoransP. oleovorans99.99100.00Excellent1100.00P. oleovorans1100.00
Total26597.7426599.25
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假单胞菌属细菌数值鉴定试剂盒的研制与评价
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郑晓峥 1, 2 , 赵昕宇 2 , 万强 3 , 吴清平 1, 2 , 魏文杰 1, 2 , 孙健 1, 2 , 叶应旺 1 , 吴毓薇 2, * , 叶青华 2, *
微生物学报 | 技术与方法 2025,65(11): 5172-5182
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微生物学报 | 技术与方法 2025, 65(11): 5172-5182
假单胞菌属细菌数值鉴定试剂盒的研制与评价
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郑晓峥1, 2, 赵昕宇2, 万强3, 吴清平1, 2, 魏文杰1, 2, 孙健1, 2, 叶应旺1, 吴毓薇2, * , 叶青华2, *
作者信息
  • 1 合肥工业大学 食品与生物工程学院,安徽 合肥
  • 2 广东省科学院微生物研究所,华南应用微生物国家重点实验室,广东省微生物安全与健康重点实验室,国家卫健委微生物食品营养与安全科技创新平台,国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(食品微生物安全大数据技术),广东 广州
  • 3 广东环凯生物科技有限公司,广东 肇庆
Development and evaluation of a numerical identification kit for Pseudomonas species
Xiaozheng ZHENG1, 2, Xinyu ZHAO2, Qiang WAN3, Qingping WU1, 2, Wenjie WEI1, 2, Jian SUN1, 2, Yingwang YE1, Yuwei WU2, * , Qinghua YE2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
  • 2 State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Key Laboratory of Food Microbial Safety Big Data Technology (State Administration for Market Regulation), Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
  • 3 Guangdong Huankai Biotechnology Co. , Ltd. , Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
出版时间: 2025-11-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250298
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目的 假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)细菌是主要致病菌。目前,基于质谱、16S rRNA基因测序等常用鉴定方法所需的仪器昂贵,且国际上数值鉴定产品需人工单一加样,操作繁琐。因此,亟需构建一款鉴定准确率高、操作简便的假单胞菌鉴定试剂盒。 方法 汇集现有假单胞菌属生化反应数据,采用分支图法构建数值鉴定模型,设计并优化筛选出的11种生化基质微量化配方;以质谱和PCR为参照方法,对所建立试剂盒鉴定假单胞菌标准株和分离株的结果进行评价。 结果 成功研制出仅需一次加样即可鉴别假单胞菌属10个种的数值鉴定试剂盒。该试剂盒对5个标准菌株和135个分离菌株的鉴定准确率达到97.04%,在实际样本中的鉴定准确率为97.74%,生化试验稳定且可重复,鉴定成本(25元/样品)仅为法国梅里埃公司同类产品(240元/样本)的10%。 结论 本研究开发的假单胞菌属数值鉴定试剂盒操作简便、价格低廉、准确率高,可应用于临床诊断和食品检测。

假单胞菌属  /  数值鉴定试剂盒  /  效果评价

Objective Bacteria of Pseudomonas are the main cause of food-borne and clinical infections. At present, mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene are widely used to identify Pseudomonas, while the facilities relied on are expensive and require cumbersome operation. Internationally, the numerical identification products require manual single-sample loading procedures, which are cumbersome. This study aims to develop a numerical identification kit for Pseudomonas with high accuracy and simple operation. Methods On the basis of the existing biochemical reaction data of Pseudomonas, we developed a numerical identification model via the branching diagram method and designed and optimized 11 biochemical matrix formulas for microquantization. We then used the kit to identify the standard strains and isolates of Pseudomonas and compared the results with those from mass spectrometry and PCR to evaluate the performance of the kit. Results A numerical identification kit was developed, and it was capable of identifying 10 species of Pseudomonas with just one sample addition. The accuracy rate of the kit in the identification for 5 standard strains and 135 isolates reached 97.04%, and the accuracy rate in actual samples was 97.74%. The biochemical test was stable and reproducible, and the identification cost (25 CNY/sample) of the kit was only 10% of that (240 CNY/sample) of the comparable product from bioMérieux (France). Conclusion The numerical identification kit developed in this study for Pseudomonas has simple operation, a low price, and high accuracy, which can be used in clinical diagnosis and food detection.

Pseudomonas  /  numerical identification kit  /  performance evaluation
郑晓峥, 赵昕宇, 万强, 吴清平, 魏文杰, 孙健, 叶应旺, 吴毓薇, 叶青华. 假单胞菌属细菌数值鉴定试剂盒的研制与评价. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (11) : 5172 -5182 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250298
Xiaozheng ZHENG, Xinyu ZHAO, Qiang WAN, Qingping WU, Wenjie WEI, Jian SUN, Yingwang YE, Yuwei WU, Qinghua YE. Development and evaluation of a numerical identification kit for Pseudomonas species[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (11) : 5172 -5182 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250298
假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)隶属于假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)假单胞菌目(Pseudomonadales)假单胞菌科(Pseudomonadaceae),为革兰氏染色阴性的非发酵型好氧杆菌[1]。根据(LPSN) (http://www.bacterio.net)网站统计的数据,假单胞菌属包含270多个物种,且该数据仍在不断更新[2]。假单胞菌为机会性病原体,可以感染肺、软组织、心脏等多个器官,导致不同的症状[3]。其中,铜绿假单胞菌(P. aeruginosa)是重要的水源性致病菌,能引起呼吸道、血液以及眼部的感染[4]。假单胞菌也是常见的食源性致病菌。恶臭假单胞菌(P. putida)、施氏假单胞菌(P. stutzeri)、门多萨假单胞菌(P. mendocina)、食油假单胞菌(P. oleovorans)等均可污染食品,引发食品安全问题[5]。其中,荧光假单胞菌(P. fluorescens)是嗜冷菌中的优势菌种,其分泌的耐热性胞外蛋白酶给乳制品食品安全造成了巨大威胁[6]。然而,目前该菌的检测存在操作繁琐、价格昂贵、鉴定种类较少等问题。因此,开发高效的常见假单胞菌属鉴定方法对于临床检验、食品和饮用水质量控制与监管至关重要[2]
近些年,免疫学法、分子生物学法(包括多位点序列分析、16S rRNA基因序列分析及特异性基因序列分析)、电化学法、基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)被广泛应用于假单胞菌的分种鉴定[7-8]。其中,全基因组测序(whole genome sequencing)被认为是鉴定假单胞菌属物种的“金标准”,但其成本高昂、操作复杂[9]。这些鉴定方法大多需依托大型专业设备,且部分技术鉴定准确率较低,无法满足各种环境下假单胞菌的检测需求[9-10]。国内标准检验多采用生化鉴定法与PCR法相结合的方式,但鉴定种类较少,且未形成成套的鉴定系统,操作繁琐[11]。细菌数值鉴定法结合了数理统计学、细菌生化鉴定学、计算机技术和自动化技术,以其快速、准确率高、便于实现智能化、产品化、标准化等优势现已成为医学临床和食品安全等应用领域细菌鉴别的基础技术方法[12-16]。自20世纪70年代至今,细菌数值鉴定法经历了4个发展阶段:用数值编码索引手册进行编码分析的手工阶段;用数值编码软件进行编码分析的半自动阶段;用自动读数仪代替人工读码的全自动阶段;用专家系统辅助分析、修订鉴定结果的智能化阶段。目前,市面上数值鉴定产品普遍将假单胞菌归入非肠杆菌科革兰氏阴性杆菌大类中,如API 20NE (bioMérieux公司)和MID GNA+GNB (MicroGen公司) 2个产品对假单胞菌的7个种具有较好的区分度[17-18]。截至目前,国内尚无针对假单胞菌的数值鉴定产品。因此,研制出具有我国自主知识产权的假单胞菌生化数值鉴定试剂盒产品,打破进口产品的垄断,实现高特异性、低成本、高准确率的快速检测,对临床诊断和食品检测具有重要意义[12,19-20]
本研究使用的5株假单胞菌标准菌株ATCC 25619、GIM 1.46、GIM 1.57、ATCC 13525、CGMCC 1.1806均购自广东环凯生物科技有限公司。分离菌株主要来源于广东省科学院微生物研究所对食品、环境、食用菌、人源等样本的分离鉴定;铜绿假单胞菌临床分离株源自珠江医院呼吸道患者的临床样本。
葡萄糖,山东西王糖业有限公司;l-阿拉伯糖、N-乙酰葡萄糖胺、d-山梨醇,上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;海藻糖,BBI生命科学有限公司;甘露糖、d-麦芽糖,上海源叶生物科技有限公司;肌醇、甘露醇,上海沪试实验室器材股份有限公司;果糖,上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;淀粉,广州化学试剂厂;胰酪大豆胨琼脂培养基(TSA培养基)、DNA快速提取试剂盒,广东环凯生物科技有限公司。
酸度计,赛多利斯科学仪器有限公司;真空干燥箱,广州金富机械设备有限公司;二级生物安全柜,北京东联哈尔仪器制造有限公司;质谱仪,Bruker公司。
通过非概率的数据矩阵分支图分析得出11个生化试验[21]:同化葡萄糖(glucose assimilation, GLUa)、同化麦芽糖(maltose assimilation, MALa)、同化海藻糖(trehalose assimilation, TREa)、同化山梨醇(sorbitol assimilation, SORa)、同化甘露醇(mannitol assimilation, MANa)、同化肌醇(inositol assimilation, INOa)、同化阿拉伯糖(arabinose assimilation, ARAa)、同化N-乙酰基葡萄糖胺(n-acetylglucosamine assimilation, NAGa)、同化果糖(fructose assimilation, FRUa)、同化甘露糖(mannose assimilation, MNEa)、同化淀粉(starch assimilation, STAa)。基于假单胞菌的代谢特点,依据微生物的基础营养要求和传统无机氮源培养基配方设计假单胞菌属无碳源培养基(Pseudomonas auxotrophic medium,PAUX培养基)。
将1.3节中筛选的11个糖醇底物分别用去离子水按一定比例溶解制备母液,调至所需pH值,采用0.45 μm的微孔滤膜进行过滤除菌,分装进分液槽中。然后用12道移液枪吸取30 μL母液分装进辐照后的注塑模具中,置于真空干燥箱干燥3 h。干燥完成后立即贴膜密封,放入4 ℃保存。
制备980 mL基础无机氮源培养基、100 mL微量元素溶液和100 mL维生素溶液。吸取10 mL微量元素溶液与980 mL的基础无机氮源培养基混匀,调pH值至7.20±0.05,加热溶解,121 ℃灭菌15 min制备混合液Ⅰ。在无菌环境下,将维生素溶液采用0.45 μm的微孔滤膜进行膜过滤除菌后,吸取10 mL加入混合液Ⅰ中,混匀后分装进无菌的3 mL西林瓶中,即完成PAUX培养基的制备。
无菌环境下将甘油保藏的假单胞菌接种到TSA培养基上,于(30±1) ℃培养18-24 h。取 1 μL一次性定量接种环在TSA培养基上刮取半环的假单胞菌体加入PAUX培养基中,调整菌液浓度至0.5麦氏单位,振荡混匀备用[22]
从冷库中取出鉴定条,平衡至室温。在无菌环境下从左下方将封膜撕开,用200 μL移液枪依次吸取160 μL含菌的PAUX培养基分装进鉴定条12个反应孔中,贴膜密封,放入 (30±1) ℃的恒温培养箱中培养24-48 h。培养完毕后通过比浊卡观察溶液是否透明,以及反应孔PAUX培养基上方是否存在菌环。记录所有反应孔的生化结果,并将其转化为编码后输入至Numide v1.0数值鉴定软件中进行在线分析。
1.1节的菌株采用PCR法和质谱法进行分种鉴定,作为数值鉴定的参考标准。
使用细菌基因组DNA快速提取试剂盒提取待测菌株基因组,采用16S rRNA基因通用引物27F (5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′)和1492R (5′-ACGGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′)进行PCR扩增。PCR反应体系(20 μL):模板DNA 1 μL,上、下游引物(10 μmol/L)各1 μL,1×Taq PCR Master 10 μL,Sterilized ddH2O 7 μL。PCR反应条件:96 ℃ 1 min;96 ℃ 1 min,58 ℃ 1 min,72 ℃ 2 min,共30个循环;72 ℃ 5 min。产物经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳,取扩增片段约为1 500 bp的电泳产物送至广州生物工程中心有限公司进行测序。测序结果进行BLAST同源性比对分析,确定菌株分类单元。
取新鲜培养的细菌样本均匀涂布在质谱靶板上,滴加1 μL 70%甲酸,待风干后再滴加1 μL的CHCCA基质溶液,继续风干后上机用FlexControl软件进行质谱分析。使用MALDI Biotype 3.0数据库进行数据对比统计,取评分≥1.8高度可信的质谱结果作为本研究样品的鉴定结果。
从无锡太湖、洛阳洛河、南京长江、肇庆绥江、新疆采集根际土壤样品,用于数值鉴定试剂盒实际样品的验证。采样时使用五点取样法采集样品,每个地点采集10 g样品。将收集的样品进行分装并做标记,用无菌采样袋密封,并立即放入生物样品采集箱中低温保存(采样箱内提前放入冰袋)。最终共采集处理样品388份,其中肇庆绥江20份、南京长江100份、无锡太湖100份、洛阳洛河100份、新疆68份。
称取1.5 g土壤溶于25 mL pH 7.0的PBS缓冲液中,用无菌吸管吸取25 mL该样品溶液置于盛有225 mL无菌生理盐水的均质袋中,充分混匀,制成1:10样品匀液,连续梯度稀释。选取1:1 000或1:10 000样品匀液,吸取100 μL样品匀液于CN琼脂上[23],用无菌涂布棒均匀涂布,置于30 ℃恒温培养箱培养24 h (若菌落太小,可适当延长培养时间)。然后挑取单菌落于TSA培养基上纯化培养后,甘油-80 ℃保藏。采用PCR法、质谱法和数值鉴定法对所得的分离菌株进行分种鉴定,验证数值鉴定试剂盒的鉴定准确率。
基于本实验室的假单胞菌属标准株和分离株开展上述11项生化实验。根据实验结果统计不同菌种的生化反应阳性率,并结合《伯杰氏系统细菌学手册》等资料,建立包含P. aeruginosaP. putida、韩国假单胞菌(P. koreensis)、摩氏假单胞菌(P. mosselii)、台湾假单胞菌(P. taiwanensis)、P. oleovoransP. fluorescens、绿针假单胞菌(P. chlororaphis)、P. stutzeriP. mendocina共10种假单胞菌的阳性概率数据库,如表1所示。
针对不同细菌条目(taxon),将各自生化试验(test)的阳性或阴性结果转化为概率值。基于 11种生化试验的组合,计算每种细菌条目在这些试验下出现的鉴定百分数(identification value, ID值)、模式似然比值(pattern likelihood ratio, T值)和总出现概率值(total occurrence probability value, PO值)。
计算单项生化反应出现概率值如公式(1)、(2)所示。
P(ri|ti)(+)=P(+)P(1-Pe)+P(-)Pe
P(ri|ti)(-)=(1-P(+))(1-Pe)+P(+)Pe
式中:Pe为阳性误差率和阴性误差率。对于阳性反应率为0或者100%的菌株,概率值用近似值0.01或者0.99代替。
通过公式(1)和(2)计算出单个生化反应的概率,将结果代入公式(3)中计算不同细菌条目下生化试验组合ti 的总出现概率P(R|ti )。
P(R|ti)=P(r1,r2,|ti)=
P(r1|t1)P(r2|t1)P(ri|ti)
算出总阳性概率之后,通过公式(4)计算鉴定百分数P(ti|R)。
P(ti|R)=P(R|ti)iP(R|ti)
通过公式(5)计算T值,该值越接近1,说明结果可信度越高。
T=POPt
式中:Pt (Ptypical)为不同细菌条目下生化试验组合ti的最大总出现概率值。
计算方法举例说明如表2所示。
假单胞菌1的PO值:0.96×0.98×0.94=0.884 400;假单胞菌2的PO值:0.90×0.05×0.06=0.002 700;假单胞菌3的PO值:0.04×0.86×0.10=0.003 440。
假单胞菌1的ID值:0.884 400/(0.884 400+0.002 700+0.003 440)×100%=99.310 0%;假单胞菌2的ID值:0.002 700/(0.884 400+0.002 700+0.003 440)×100%=0.303 1%;假单胞菌3的ID值:0.003 440/(0.884 400+0.002 700+0.003 440)×100%=0.386 3%。
假单胞菌1的T值:0.884 400/(0.96×0.98×0.94)×100%=100.000 0%;假单胞菌2的T值:0.002 700/(0.90×0.95×0.94)×100%=0.335 9%;假单胞菌3的T值:0.003 440/(0.96×0.86×0.90)×100%=0.463 0%。
式中:PO值为当前待鉴定菌在不同假单胞菌中出现的可能概率,T值为待测菌在不同已知菌中的鉴定比。对应的模式似然比值,T值越接近1,其鉴定结果可信度越高。
根据最终的鉴定百分数和T值即可对未知菌进行可信度评价,可分为明确的鉴定结果(极好的鉴定、非常好的鉴定、可以接受的鉴定)和不明确的鉴定结果(不确定的鉴定、可疑的鉴定和不可接受的鉴定) (表3)。综合分析ID值和T值,上述举例说明的待鉴定菌为假单胞菌1的可信度最高。
待测菌株经假单胞菌选择性培养基纯化培养后按照以下判定标准鉴定到假单胞菌属的水平:在镜检中观察到菌体呈杆状或者略弯、无芽孢、具有端鞭毛的形态,革兰氏染色阴性,触酶和氧化实验均为阳性,不发酵乳糖,严格需氧。然后利用研制的生化鉴定条进行11种生化实验,将实验结果导入在线分析软件进行数值鉴定计算,最终获得鉴定结果。
同化实验通过监测培养基中菌落形成及浊度变化来评估微生物生长情况。Pseudomonas表现出较强的环境适应性,能在较宽的pH范围内生长。pH梯度实验结果显示该菌属的最适生长pH范围为7.2-7.4。温度实验表明,P. aeruginosa的最适生长温度为37 ℃,P. fluorescens等嗜冷菌株的最适温度为30 ℃,且在37 ℃条件下生长受限。基于实验菌株的组成特征,最终选择30 ℃作为标准培养温度,以确保所有测试菌株的正常生长。
经过对不同营养基础配方的比较实验,最终确定以硫酸铵作为最佳氮源。虽然以休氏基础和糖发酵基础作为氮源营养丰富,但由于其含有少量碳源会导致弱阳性现象。硫酸铵作为无机氮源成分单一,且能被微生物直接高效利用。培养基中添加维生素溶液和微量元素溶液(含钼酸铵、B族维生素等)作为酶促反应的辅助因子可进一步提升微生物对氮源的代谢效率。此外,培养基中含有磷酸盐缓冲系统以维持环境稳定,氯化钙可增强酶活性,琼脂能促进菌体分散。通过多次配方优化最终获得的PAUX培养基在微生物生长和观察便捷性方面均展现出显著优势,如图1所示。
经质谱鉴定验证后,使用生化鉴定试剂盒测定假单胞菌标准株P. aeruginosa (ATCC 25619)、P. aeruginosa (GIM 1.46)、P. putida (GIM 1.57)、P. fluorescens (ATCC 13525)、P. oleovorans (CGMCC 1.1806)的生化谱,如表4所示。
五株标准菌株通过本研究所建立的假单胞菌数值鉴定试剂盒均得到了极好的鉴定结果,如表5所示。
利用数值鉴定法和质谱法对37株P. aeruginosa临床株、90株P. aeruginosa、1株P. chlororaphis、4株P. stutzeri、3株P. mendocina分离株的鉴定结果进行比较后,采用PCR法对生化反应异常的菌株再次进行验证。134株分离株获得了明确的鉴定结果,4株数值鉴定结果与质谱鉴定结果不符(其中1株为可疑鉴定结果);经PCR法验证,这4株结果均为P. aeruginosaP. aeruginosa Ⅵ型对甘露糖和肌醇反应呈阳性,导致其生化谱与P. chlororaphis的典型生化谱相同,这可能是分离株生化反应不稳定所致;P. aeruginosa VII型因甘露糖、肌醇和麦芽糖反应呈阳性被错误鉴定为P. mosselii。分离株鉴定的整体准确率为97.04%,如表6所示。
本研究的假单胞菌属内菌种数值鉴定方法的准确率计算如公式(6)所示。
C=NM×100%
式中:C为鉴定准确率,N为数值鉴定法与质谱法和PCR扩增法对照鉴定结果一致的菌株数,M为质谱法和PCR扩增法对照鉴定正确的菌株数。
从388个土壤样品中通过质谱法鉴定共分离到1株P. aeruginosa、169株P. putida、 55株P. koreensis、27株P. mosselii、9株P. taiwanensis、3株P. fluorescens、1株P. oleovorans。将该结果与数值鉴定法的检测结果进行比较,并采用PCR法和API 20NE对生化反应异常的菌株再次进行鉴定。质谱法错误地将4株P. taiwanensis鉴定为P. putida,将1株P. aeruginosa鉴定为P. putida。统计结果如表7所示,265株假单胞菌获得了明确的鉴定结果,6株为可疑鉴定结果;其中,4株P. putida Ⅲ型甘露醇反应呈阳性,l-阿拉伯糖反应呈阴性,被错误鉴定为P. mosselii;2株P. koreensis Ⅲ型N-乙酰葡萄糖胺反应呈阴性,鉴定正确但结果为可疑鉴定结果。实际样品鉴定的总体准确率为97.74%。
针对目前国内缺乏假单胞菌生化数值鉴定方法,且国外同类产品价格昂贵的问题,本研究以10种假单胞属细菌为检测对象,建立了数值鉴定模型,研制出符合假单胞菌非发酵特性的11种同化生化反应的微量化冻干鉴定条,并结合在线分析软件构建了假单胞菌数值鉴定试剂盒。为进一步验证其适用性,本研究选取5株假单胞菌标准菌株、135株假单胞菌分离株以及388份土样以质谱鉴定法联合PCR法作为对照方法,对该试剂盒进行效果评价。结果显示,该数值鉴定试剂盒在种水平上的鉴定准确率达到了97.50%,试验具有稳定的可重复性,能够满足假单胞菌属鉴定的要求。
目前,国际上常用的假单胞菌数值鉴定产品多采用20-30个生化反应的大鉴定体系,但仅能鉴定7种假单胞菌,且价格昂贵,鉴定过程中需多次补加试剂,操作复杂[24]。相比之下,本试剂盒更具针对性,采用同化反应仅需一次加样即可判读结果,省时省力,还降低了污染的可能性,可鉴定的菌种数目更多,成本仅为国际同类产品的10%。
综上所述,本研究开发的假单胞菌属生化数值鉴定试剂盒操作简便、价格低廉、准确率高,为假单胞菌属的检测提供了重要的技术支撑。然而,目前该试剂盒仍有提升空间:(1) 由于部分假单胞菌属菌种不常见,分离数量较少,生化数据库仍有待更新,需进一步优化完善。(2) 少数分离菌株代谢能力弱、生长缓慢,需达到36 h才能观察到明显的反应现象。此外,目前的数值鉴定过度依赖传统生化反应,缺乏足够的特异性,导致反应项目多、操作复杂。运用基因组学、转录组学、蛋白组学、代谢组学等生物信息学方法挖掘特征性酶以区分不同菌株,并据此开发新一代鉴定条将是未来研究的新方向。
郑晓峥:完成呈现、撰写文章;赵昕宇:编辑、撰写、审阅;万强:提供资源;吴清平:获取资金;魏文杰:验证;孙健:软件程序;叶应旺:执行调研;吴毓薇:监督管理;叶青华:提出概念。
作者声明不存在任何可能会影响本文所报告工作的已知经济利益或个人关系。
  • 国家重点研发项目(2022YFF1100700)
  • 国家重点研发项目(2022YFF1101102)
  • 广东省自然科学基金杰出青年项目(2022B1515020068)
  • 广东省科学院人才项目(2023GDASQNRC-0102)
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2025年第65卷第11期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250298
  • 接收时间:2025-04-10
  • 首发时间:2025-11-10
  • 出版时间:2025-11-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-10
  • 录用日期:2025-06-03
基金
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1100700)
国家重点研发项目(2022YFF1100700)
国家重点研发项目(2022YFF1101102)
Outstanding Youth Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2022B1515020068)
广东省自然科学基金杰出青年项目(2022B1515020068)
Talent Project of Guangdong Academy of Sciences(2023GDASQNRC-0102)
广东省科学院人才项目(2023GDASQNRC-0102)
作者信息
    1 合肥工业大学 食品与生物工程学院,安徽 合肥
    2 广东省科学院微生物研究所,华南应用微生物国家重点实验室,广东省微生物安全与健康重点实验室,国家卫健委微生物食品营养与安全科技创新平台,国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(食品微生物安全大数据技术),广东 广州
    3 广东环凯生物科技有限公司,广东 肇庆

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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