Article(id=1192149549616611432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1192149543010582589, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250217, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1742313600000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1746720000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-05-09, onlineDate=1762160201696, onlineDateStr=2025-11-03, pubDate=1756915200000, pubDateStr=2025-09-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762160201696, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762160201696, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762160201696, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1192149543010582589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='10', pageStart='4241', pageEnd='4713', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762160200113, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762160638682, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1192151382586175735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1192149543010582589, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1192151382586175736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1192149543010582589, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4550, endPage=4564, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1192149549780189290, articleId=1192149549616611432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=An lpxtg270 knockoutstrainof Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: construction, biological characterization, and evaluation of pathogenicity in mice, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To construct a strain XH02Δlpxtg270 with knockout of the LPXTG motif protein-coding gene from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis XH02 and explore the role of lpxtg270 in the growth, biofilm formation, and infection of XH02. [Methods] CRISPR/Cas9 was employed to construct XH02Δlpxtg270. The knockout strain and the wild strain XH02 were compared in terms of biological characteristics, invasion into J774A.1 macrophages, and pathogenicity in mice. [Results] Compared with XH02, XH02Δlpxtg270 did not change significantly in the colony morphology, growth curve, adhesion to J774A.1 macrophages, or intracellular proliferation, while it demonstrated reductions in the biofilm formation and invasion into J774 A.1 cells. Moreover, the release of lactate dehydrogenase and secretion of interleukin-1β from J774 A.1 cells infected with the knockout strain decreased compared with those infected with the wild strain. Compared with XH02, XH02Δlpxtg270 showed weakened pathogenicity in mice and decreased loads in the liver, spleen, kidney, lung, and brain, causing milder pathological changes of above organs in mice. [Conclusion] LPXTG270 of C. pseudotuberculosis is related to the biofilm formation and invasion into macrophages, playing a key role in the pathogenicity of this bacterium in mice.

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Tel: +86-23-46751547, E-mail:
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These authors contributed equally to this work.

, authorsList=Luting NIU, Hong LYU, Lianghui LONG, Yiqian ZHANG, Chengwei XU, Xinzhi ZHOU, Xiaohua WANG, Zhiying WANG, Zuoyong ZHOU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1192150008880317114, articleId=1192149549616611432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=伪结核棒状杆菌 lpxtg270 敲除株的构建及其生物学特性与对小鼠的致病性评价, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】 构建伪结核棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Cp)宣汉株(XH02) LPXTG基序蛋白编码基因敲除菌株(XH02Δlpxtg270),探究lpxtg270在XH02生长、生物被膜形成及感染致病过程中的作用。 【方法】 采用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建XH02Δlpxtg270,比较该敲除菌株与野生菌株XH02在生物学特性、对J774A.1巨噬细胞的侵袭能力、体内感染小鼠致病力等方面的差异。 【结果】 与XH02相比,XH02Δlpxtg270的菌落形态、生长曲线、黏附J774A.1巨噬细胞的能力及胞内增殖能力均无明显变化,但XH02Δlpxtg270的生物被膜形成能力、对J774A.1的侵袭能力、感染引发J774A.1释放乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)及分泌IL-1β的能力显著降低,XH02Δlpxtg270体内感染小鼠的致病力及在肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、肺脏和脑中的载菌水平显著下降,引起小鼠上述脏器的病理变化较轻。 【结论】 本研究证实LPXTG270与Cp形成生物被膜、感染侵袭巨噬细胞的能力相关,在Cp感染小鼠致病过程中发挥重要作用。

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作者贡献声明

牛禄婷:试验设计、试验操作、数据分析和论文撰写;吕红:试验设计、试验操作、数据分析和论文修改;龙良辉:试验操作和数据分析;张艺千:数据收集;徐成伟:审阅文章;周新智:试验操作;王小华:研究构思和设计;王芝英:提供技术支持;周作勇:研究构思和设计,数据整理和处理,论文撰写与修改。

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A: Results of the pEC-lpxtg270gRNA construction (M: 2 000 bp DNA marker; Lane 1: pEC-lpxtg270gRNA; Lane 2: pECXK99E empty vector); B: Results of the pEC-lpxtg270gRNA-HDarm construction (M: 2 000 bp DNA marker; Lane 1: lpxtg270 upstream homologous arm; Lane 2: lpxtg270 downstream homologous arm; Lane 3: Connection of upstream and downstream homologous arms of lpxtg270); C: Results of Cp lpxtg270 gene knockout (M: 5 000 bp DNA marker; Lane 1: XH02;Lane 2: XH02Δlpxtg270); D: Alignment of lpxtg270 sequences in XH02 and XH02Δlpxtg270., figureFileSmall=v00tpk5sgqoYCx8frqVBRg==, figureFileBig=KhuimE6jkZq58duA9Fn7IQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161141620097210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149549616611432, language=CN, label=图2, caption=XH02Δlpxtg270 构建结果。A:pEC-lpxtg270gRNA构建结果(泳道M:2 000 bp DNA marker;泳道1:pEC-lpxtg270gRNA;泳道2:pECXK99E空载体);B:pEC-lpxtg270gRNA-HDarm构建结果(泳道M:2 000 bp DNA marker;泳道1:lpxtg270上游同源臂;泳道2:lpxtg270下游同源臂;泳道3:lpxtg270上、下游同源臂的连接);C:Cp lpxtg270基因敲除结果(泳道M:5 000 bp DNA marker;泳道1:XH02;泳道2:XH02Δlpxtg270);D:测序对比结果。, figureFileSmall=v00tpk5sgqoYCx8frqVBRg==, figureFileBig=KhuimE6jkZq58duA9Fn7IQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161141695594683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149549616611432, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Determination of colony morphology and growth curve of XH02 and XH02Δlpxtg270. A: Colony morphology of XH02; B: Colony morphology of XH02Δlpxtg270; C: Growth curves of XH02 and XH02Δlpxtg., figureFileSmall=cCSUBflmuvDWcSHQfRqpMw==, figureFileBig=lnt879t/jJxEU/UW5ij8uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161141758509244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149549616611432, language=CN, label=图3, caption=XH02XH02Δlpxtg270 的菌落形态及生长曲线测定结果。A:XH02的菌落形态;B:XH02Δlpxtg270的菌落形态;C:XH02和XH02Δlpxtg的生长曲线。, figureFileSmall=cCSUBflmuvDWcSHQfRqpMw==, figureFileBig=lnt879t/jJxEU/UW5ij8uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161141825618109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149549616611432, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=The biofilm-forming capability of XH02 and XH02Δlpxtg270. A: Crystal violet determination of biofilm results (**: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001); B: The biofilm morphology of XH02 and XH02Δlpxtg270 observed by electron microscopy. The white arrows indicate the biofilm., figureFileSmall=a10LNNOlg9oFzud8dA+EXQ==, figureFileBig=ujKGfJmzWS+5USCVmPDDag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161141913698494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149549616611432, language=CN, label=图4, caption=XH02XH02Δlpxtg270 的生物被膜形成能力测定结果。A:结晶紫测定生物被膜结果;B:扫描电镜观察XH02和XH02Δlpxtg270的生物被膜。, figureFileSmall=a10LNNOlg9oFzud8dA+EXQ==, figureFileBig=ujKGfJmzWS+5USCVmPDDag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161142018556095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149549616611432, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Results of LDH release and PI stain proportion in J774A.1 infected with XH02 and XH02Δlpxtg270. A: The level of LDH release in J774A.1 infected with XH02 or XH02Δlpxtg270; B: PI staining proportion of J774A.1 infected with XH02 or XH02Δlpxtg270. *: P<0.05; ***: P<0.001; UI: Uninfected J774A.1., figureFileSmall=54Lw+T0GAMTG7v61o/hKvA==, figureFileBig=Z9A2IipFyA5sVktbInTAiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161142156968128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149549616611432, language=CN, label=图5, caption=XH02XH02Δlpxtg270 感染J774A.1细胞的LDH释放水平及PI染色比例检测结果。A:XH02和XH02Δlpxtg270感染J774A.1细胞的LDH释放水平检测结果;B:XH02和XH02Δlpxtg270感染J774A.1细胞PI染色比例检测结果。, figureFileSmall=54Lw+T0GAMTG7v61o/hKvA==, figureFileBig=Z9A2IipFyA5sVktbInTAiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161142232465601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149549616611432, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Results of IL-1β secretion in J774A.1 infected with XH02 and XH02Δlpxtg270. ***: P<0.001; UI: Uninfected J774A.1., figureFileSmall=ffRU1O48UOOtt2dZIkGBzA==, figureFileBig=uulxJFPhV8NMZuekcG/Fcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161142333128898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149549616611432, language=CN, label=图6, caption=XH02XH02Δlpxtg270 感染J774A.1细胞IL-1β分泌水平检测结果, figureFileSmall=ffRU1O48UOOtt2dZIkGBzA==, figureFileBig=uulxJFPhV8NMZuekcG/Fcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161142396043459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149549616611432, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Results of adhesion and invasion in J774A.1 by XH02 and XH02Δlpxtg270, and their proliferation within J774A.1. A: The Cp recovered from J774A.1 infected with XH02 and XH02Δlpxtg270 (0.5 h) (ns: Not significant);B: The Cp recovered from J774A.1 infected with XH02 and XH02Δlpxtg270 (2 h) (*: P<0.05); C: Proliferation of XH02 and XH02Δlpxtg270 within J774A.1 (ns: Not significant)., figureFileSmall=ml1zL5WWh5vnr/kwUkPcow==, figureFileBig=PqXNR6ybV+rTZzfOPS+a9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161142475735236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149549616611432, language=CN, label=图7, caption=XH02XH02Δlpxtg270J774A.1的黏附、侵袭及其在胞内增殖的结果。A:XH02与XH02Δlpxtg270对J774A.1的黏附结果;B:XH02与XH02Δlpxtg270对J774A.1的侵袭结果;C:XH02与XH02Δlpxtg270在J774A.1内的增殖结果。, figureFileSmall=ml1zL5WWh5vnr/kwUkPcow==, figureFileBig=PqXNR6ybV+rTZzfOPS+a9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161142551232709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149549616611432, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Survival curve of mice, organ bacterial load and pathological changes from mice infected with XH02 and XH02Δlpxtg270. A: Survival curve of KM mice infected with XH02 and XH02Δlpxtg; B-F: Bacterial loads in liver, spleen, kidney, lung, and brain of KM mice infected with XH02 and XH02Δlpxtg270;G: The gross lesions of XH02 and XH02Δlpxtg270 infected mice were observed; H: Pathological changes in brains, lungs, livers, spleens and kidneys of mice. UI: Uninfected J774A.1;CFU: Colony-forming unit; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001., figureFileSmall=xhLGNILPWIJpvVS52QsBAQ==, figureFileBig=9Yit/DF1OcpoxDKLfLXjaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161143587225798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149549616611432, language=CN, label=图8, caption=XH02XH02Δlpxtg270 感染小鼠生存曲线、脏器载菌量测定及病理变化观察结果。A:XH02和XH02Δlpxtg270感染KM小鼠生存曲线;B-F:感染XH02和XH02Δlpxtg270的KM小鼠的肝、脾、肾、肺和脑的载菌量;G:XH02和XH02Δlpxtg270感染小鼠的大体病变;H:小鼠肝、脾、肾、肺和脑的病理变化。, figureFileSmall=xhLGNILPWIJpvVS52QsBAQ==, figureFileBig=9Yit/DF1OcpoxDKLfLXjaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161143666917575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149549616611432, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Strains and plasmids used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Strains and plasmidsDescriptionsSources
Strains
DH5ɑEscherichia coli DH5αLab stock
XH02Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis wild-type strainLab stock
XH02Δlpxtg270XH02 lpxtg270-knockout strainThis study
Plasmids
pEC-XK99EE. coli-Corynebacterium shuttle vector, P trc promoter, KmRProvided by Dr. Sun Jibing and Liu Jiao
pCas9gRNA-ccdBDerived from pXMJ19, IPTG induces expression of Cas9, CmRProvided by Dr. Sun Jibing and Liu Jiao
pEC-lpxtg270gRNADerived from pEC-XK99E, with lpxtg270gRNA, KmRThis study
pEC-lpxtg270gRNA-HDarmDerived from pEC-XK99E, with lpxtg270gRNA and HDarm of lpxtg270, KmRThis study
), ArticleFig(id=1192161143738220744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149549616611432, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究中的菌株和质粒

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Strains and plasmidsDescriptionsSources
Strains
DH5ɑEscherichia coli DH5αLab stock
XH02Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis wild-type strainLab stock
XH02Δlpxtg270XH02 lpxtg270-knockout strainThis study
Plasmids
pEC-XK99EE. coli-Corynebacterium shuttle vector, P trc promoter, KmRProvided by Dr. Sun Jibing and Liu Jiao
pCas9gRNA-ccdBDerived from pXMJ19, IPTG induces expression of Cas9, CmRProvided by Dr. Sun Jibing and Liu Jiao
pEC-lpxtg270gRNADerived from pEC-XK99E, with lpxtg270gRNA, KmRThis study
pEC-lpxtg270gRNA-HDarmDerived from pEC-XK99E, with lpxtg270gRNA and HDarm of lpxtg270, KmRThis study
), ArticleFig(id=1192161143830495433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149549616611432, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Primers used for lpxtg270 deletion in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primers namePrimer sequences (5′→3′)PurposeProduct length (bp)
lpxtg270gRNA-FCCGGAATTCGTTACAGGAGGAACCCAAGGGTTTTAGAGCTAGAAATAlpxtg270gRNA amplification122
gRNA-RGGGGTCGACCCTGGAAAAAAAGCACCGA
pECjd-FCACTCCCGTTCTGGATAATDetect whether the pEC-lpxtg270gRNA plasmid was successfully constructed471/593*
pECjd-RTCACCGACAAACAACAGATAA
lpxtg270-up-FGGATTGATGGGATCCGATCTTCCAGTGGGCGGACAmplification of upstream homologous arms in lpxtg270517
lpxtg270-up-RAATTTTCTCACAGTTCAGTTTTATT
lpxtg270-dw-FTGAACTGTGAGAAAATTCCCACACAAATTAmplification of downstream homologous arms in lpxtg270519
lpxtg270-dw-RGTTCCGCTTCAATGTTCGCTCTGGGAAACTAAC
pEC-lpxtg270-FCAGAGCGAACATTGAAGCGGAACACGtAGAAAGRing opening of the pEC-lpxtg270gRNA plasmid7 073
pEC-lpxtg270-RGAAGATCGGATCCCATCAATCCTGCCTATTTG
lpxtg270-JD-FCGATTCTTGATCCATGGGTTScreening for lpxtg270 knockout strains1 349/2 162#
lpxtg270-JD-RCTTCAGCCTGCAAGTTTGA
), ArticleFig(id=1192161143893409994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149549616611432, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

本研究所用 lpxtg270 敲除相关引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primers namePrimer sequences (5′→3′)PurposeProduct length (bp)
lpxtg270gRNA-FCCGGAATTCGTTACAGGAGGAACCCAAGGGTTTTAGAGCTAGAAATAlpxtg270gRNA amplification122
gRNA-RGGGGTCGACCCTGGAAAAAAAGCACCGA
pECjd-FCACTCCCGTTCTGGATAATDetect whether the pEC-lpxtg270gRNA plasmid was successfully constructed471/593*
pECjd-RTCACCGACAAACAACAGATAA
lpxtg270-up-FGGATTGATGGGATCCGATCTTCCAGTGGGCGGACAmplification of upstream homologous arms in lpxtg270517
lpxtg270-up-RAATTTTCTCACAGTTCAGTTTTATT
lpxtg270-dw-FTGAACTGTGAGAAAATTCCCACACAAATTAmplification of downstream homologous arms in lpxtg270519
lpxtg270-dw-RGTTCCGCTTCAATGTTCGCTCTGGGAAACTAAC
pEC-lpxtg270-FCAGAGCGAACATTGAAGCGGAACACGtAGAAAGRing opening of the pEC-lpxtg270gRNA plasmid7 073
pEC-lpxtg270-RGAAGATCGGATCCCATCAATCCTGCCTATTTG
lpxtg270-JD-FCGATTCTTGATCCATGGGTTScreening for lpxtg270 knockout strains1 349/2 162#
lpxtg270-JD-RCTTCAGCCTGCAAGTTTGA
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伪结核棒状杆菌 lpxtg270 敲除株的构建及其生物学特性与对小鼠的致病性评价
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牛禄婷 1 , 吕红 1 , 龙良辉 1 , 张艺千 1 , 徐成伟 1 , 周新智 1 , 王小华 2 , 王芝英 1 , 周作勇 1
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(10): 4550-4564
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(10): 4550-4564
伪结核棒状杆菌 lpxtg270 敲除株的构建及其生物学特性与对小鼠的致病性评价
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牛禄婷1, 吕红1, 龙良辉1, 张艺千1, 徐成伟1, 周新智1, 王小华2, 王芝英1, 周作勇1
作者信息
  • 1西南大学 动物医学院,重庆
  • 2精华药业(成都)有限公司,四川 成都
An lpxtg270 knockoutstrainof Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: construction, biological characterization, and evaluation of pathogenicity in mice
Luting NIU1, Hong LYU1, Lianghui LONG1, Yiqian ZHANG1, Chengwei XU1, Xinzhi ZHOU1, Xiaohua WANG2, Zhiying WANG1, Zuoyong ZHOU1
Affiliations
  • 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
  • 2Jinghua Pharmaceutical (Chengdu) Co. , Ltd. , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
出版时间: 2025-09-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250217
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【目的】 构建伪结核棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Cp)宣汉株(XH02) LPXTG基序蛋白编码基因敲除菌株(XH02Δlpxtg270),探究lpxtg270在XH02生长、生物被膜形成及感染致病过程中的作用。 【方法】 采用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建XH02Δlpxtg270,比较该敲除菌株与野生菌株XH02在生物学特性、对J774A.1巨噬细胞的侵袭能力、体内感染小鼠致病力等方面的差异。 【结果】 与XH02相比,XH02Δlpxtg270的菌落形态、生长曲线、黏附J774A.1巨噬细胞的能力及胞内增殖能力均无明显变化,但XH02Δlpxtg270的生物被膜形成能力、对J774A.1的侵袭能力、感染引发J774A.1释放乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)及分泌IL-1β的能力显著降低,XH02Δlpxtg270体内感染小鼠的致病力及在肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、肺脏和脑中的载菌水平显著下降,引起小鼠上述脏器的病理变化较轻。 【结论】 本研究证实LPXTG270与Cp形成生物被膜、感染侵袭巨噬细胞的能力相关,在Cp感染小鼠致病过程中发挥重要作用。

伪结核棒状杆菌  /  LPXTG基序蛋白基因lpxtg270  /  基因敲除  /  生物学特性  /  致病性

[Objective] To construct a strain XH02Δlpxtg270 with knockout of the LPXTG motif protein-coding gene from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis XH02 and explore the role of lpxtg270 in the growth, biofilm formation, and infection of XH02. [Methods] CRISPR/Cas9 was employed to construct XH02Δlpxtg270. The knockout strain and the wild strain XH02 were compared in terms of biological characteristics, invasion into J774A.1 macrophages, and pathogenicity in mice. [Results] Compared with XH02, XH02Δlpxtg270 did not change significantly in the colony morphology, growth curve, adhesion to J774A.1 macrophages, or intracellular proliferation, while it demonstrated reductions in the biofilm formation and invasion into J774 A.1 cells. Moreover, the release of lactate dehydrogenase and secretion of interleukin-1β from J774 A.1 cells infected with the knockout strain decreased compared with those infected with the wild strain. Compared with XH02, XH02Δlpxtg270 showed weakened pathogenicity in mice and decreased loads in the liver, spleen, kidney, lung, and brain, causing milder pathological changes of above organs in mice. [Conclusion] LPXTG270 of C. pseudotuberculosis is related to the biofilm formation and invasion into macrophages, playing a key role in the pathogenicity of this bacterium in mice.

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis  /  LPXTG motif protein-coding gene lpxtg270  /  gene knockout  /  biological characteristic  /  pathogenicity
牛禄婷, 吕红, 龙良辉, 张艺千, 徐成伟, 周新智, 王小华, 王芝英, 周作勇. 伪结核棒状杆菌 lpxtg270 敲除株的构建及其生物学特性与对小鼠的致病性评价. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (10) : 4550 -4564 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250217
Luting NIU, Hong LYU, Lianghui LONG, Yiqian ZHANG, Chengwei XU, Xinzhi ZHOU, Xiaohua WANG, Zhiying WANG, Zuoyong ZHOU. An lpxtg270 knockoutstrainof Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: construction, biological characterization, and evaluation of pathogenicity in mice[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (10) : 4550 -4564 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250217
伪结核棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Cp)是一种重要的兼性胞内寄生人畜共患病原菌,可引发家畜、野生动物和人类罹患慢性炎症性传染病,如羊的干酪样淋巴结炎(caseous lymphadenitis, CLA)[1]、水牛的水肿性皮肤病(oedematous skin disease, OSD)[2]、奶牛的临床型乳腺炎[3]、马的溃疡性淋巴管炎[4]及人类的坏死性淋巴结炎[5]等,其典型特征是在淋巴结及内脏器官等部位形成脓肿和干酪样坏死等病变。Cp在全球范围内流行感染,临床上以山羊和绵羊感染最为常见。据统计,在巴西[6]、韩国[7]等国家山羊血清阳性率超过50%;在我国陕西[8]、四川[9]、重庆和贵州[10]等地的山羊脓肿样本中Cp分离率高达57%以上。Cp感染致病过程与其多种毒力因子密切相关,如磷脂酶D (phospholipase D, PLD)、寡肽通透酶(oligopeptide permease, Opp)、与铁摄取和调节相关的毒力因子(fag A-D)等[11]。此外,Cp细胞壁上分布着与受感染宿主相互作用的蛋白质对接位点,这些蛋白质在细菌黏附、侵袭以及与宿主免疫系统相互作用过程中至关重要。由于革兰阳性菌细胞壁表面无外膜,仅有一层厚的肽聚糖,许多表面蛋白通过含有LPXTG基序的C末端锚定在肽聚糖上[12]。这类蛋白普遍具有细胞壁分选信号(cell wall sorting signal, CWSS),CWSS位于C末端,由LPXTG基序、疏水结构域和带正电的残基尾部组成[13]。对应的分选酶能够识别LPXTG基序,催化该表面蛋白共价结合到细胞壁肽聚糖上,使其呈现在细胞表面并发挥重要作用。据报道,猪链球菌、肺炎链球菌、单增李斯特菌、粪肠球菌的LPXTG锚定蛋白在这些病原菌感染致病过程中发挥重要作用[14-17]。目前,涉及Cp黏附侵袭、免疫逃避及致病的具体机制尚未完全明确。Galvão等[18]研究指出LPXTG蛋白在Cp中具有抗原特征,可认为是一类假定黏附素,但其在该病原菌感染致病过程中的具体作用尚无相关研究。
本研究利用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建Cp的LPXTG蛋白编码基因(lpxtg270)敲除菌株,并借助体外细胞感染模型和体内小鼠感染模型,分析该基因缺失对Cp感染致病的影响,以期为明确lpxtg270基因在Cp感染致病过程中的作用提供研究资料。
BHI肉汤、LB肉汤、TSA营养琼脂、LB营养琼脂,北京奥博星生物技术有限责任公司;DMEM培养液,武汉塞维尔生物科技有限公司;小牛血清,浙江天杭生物科技股份有限公司;胎牛血清,Biological Industries公司;氯霉素、卡那霉素、质粒小提试剂盒、2×TransFast®Taq PCR SuperMix (+dye)、pEASY®-Basic Seamless Cloning and Assembly Kit,北京全式金生物技术有限公司;硫酸庆大霉素、碘化丙锭(propidium iodide, PI),北京索莱宝科技有限公司;DNA marker、DNA Ligation Kit、PrimeSTAR高保真酶,宝生物工程(大连)有限公司;琼脂糖凝胶DNA回收试剂盒,天根生化科技(北京)有限公司;鼠IL-1β ELISA检测试剂盒,Invitrogen公司;IPTG、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)检测试剂盒、Opti-MEM培养基,Gibco公司。
所用菌株、质粒见表1。J774A.1巨噬细胞为本实验室保存,昆明系小鼠购自西南医科大学实验动物中心。培养基包括LB固体培养基(含5%兔血)、BHI肉汤(含0.1%吐温-80)。抗生素使用浓度:氯霉素终浓度20 mg/L,卡那霉素终浓度50 mg/L,庆大霉素终浓度100 mg/L。本研究所有动物实验已通过西南大学实验动物伦理审查委员会审批,编号为IACUC-20240806-03。
从GenBank数据库获取Cp基因组序列(GenBank登录号为CP021251.1),截取803 878-804 690之间的LPXTG基序锚定蛋白编码基因序列(该蛋白共270个氨基酸,命名为lpxtg270),使用SnapGene软件设计基因敲除相关引物(表2)。所有引物均由北京睿博兴科生物技术有限公司合成。
参照文献[19]的方法构建lpxtg270敲除株(XH02Δlpxtg270),设计20 bp间隔序列(spacer):5′-GTTACAGGAGGAACCCAAGG-3′。以pCas9gRNA-ccdB为模板,以表2中的lpxtg270gRNA-F和gRNA-R为引物,参照文献[19]通过PCR扩增lpxtg270gRNA。扩增产物经EcoR I和Sal I双酶切后克隆至pEC-XK99E,得到pEC-lpxtg270gRNA。以XH02基因组DNA为模板,用lpxtg270-up-F/R和lpxtg270-dw-F/R扩增lpxtg270的上、下游同源臂,再通过重叠PCR获得上下游同源臂融合片段,将其无缝克隆至开环质粒pEC-lpxtg270gRNA,获得pEC-lpxtg270gRNA-HDarm。将该质粒电转至含pCas9gRNA-ccdB的XH02感受态细胞中,经IPTG(0.5 mmol/L)诱导及卡那霉素和氯霉素双抗性筛选,利用lpxtg270-JD-F/R鉴定阳性克隆,并进行测序验证,最终获得XH02Δlpxtg270 (图1)。
分别挑取XH02和XH02Δlpxtg270单克隆,接种于含5%兔血的LB固体培养基,37 ℃恒温培养48 h,观察菌落形态。将XH02和XH02Δlpxtg270单克隆接种于1 mL含0.1%吐温-80的BHI肉汤,37 ℃、200 r/min培养12 h,调整OD595至约0.2,取100 μL菌液至10 mL新鲜BHI培养基中,在相同条件下培养30 h,每隔6 h测量OD595,绘制生长曲线。
参照文献[20]进行生物被膜测定。挑取XH02、XH02Δlpxtg270单克隆分别接种于1 mL含0.1%吐温-80的BHI肉汤,37 ℃、200 r/min培养过夜,用新鲜BHI肉汤稀释菌液,调整OD595至约0.2,各取200 μL加入到96孔微孔板中,37 ℃恒温静置培养12、24、36和48 h。弃去孔中培养液,每孔加入100 μL PBS轻柔润洗3次,吸净液体;每孔加入100 μL 99%甲醇液,固定10 min,吸净、挥干;每孔加入100 μL结晶紫溶液,染色20 min,吸净、挥干;再加入PBS润洗3次,吸净,每孔加入100 μL 33%醋酸溶液,溶解吸附的结晶紫,在OD595处测定吸光值。
分别挑取XH02和XH02Δlpxtg270单克隆,接种于1 mL含0.1%吐温-80的BHI肉汤,37 ℃、200 r/min培养过夜。用新鲜BHI肉汤稀释菌液,调整OD595至约0.2。在12孔细胞板内放置圆形玻片,加入1 mL新鲜BHI肉汤,每孔加入100 μL菌液,37 ℃恒温培养24 h。弃去培养基,用PBS轻柔漂洗,弃去PBS后加入3%戊二醛,转移至4 ℃固定6 h。将样品送至成都里来生物科技有限公司制样,并用扫描电镜观察生物被膜形成的差异。
参照文献[19]的方法,以LDH释放水平和PI染色比例评价细胞活力。将J774A.1细胞接种于48孔细胞板(2.5×105细胞/孔,用于LDH检测)或12孔细胞板(1×106细胞/孔,用于PI染色),在37 ℃、5% CO2细胞培养箱中培养,待细胞贴壁后,以感染复数(multiplicity of infection, MOI)为10的XH02和XH02Δlpxtg270侵染1 h,之后用PBS洗涤,加入含100 mg/L庆大霉素的Opti-MEM (用于LDH检测)或DMEM (用于PI染色),培养12 h。根据LDH检测试剂盒说明书检测LDH释放水平。PI染色时,弃上清后加入100 μL 10 μg/mL的PI溶液,染色10 min后再以PBS洗涤,加入50 μL含DAPI的抗荧光淬灭封片液。通过荧光显微镜拍照,采用公式(1)计算PI染色细胞含量。
PI染色细胞含量=PI染成红色的细胞数/
细胞总数×100%
将J774A.1细胞接种于12孔细胞板(1×106细胞/孔),在37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养过夜。以XH02和XH02Δlpxtg270侵染(MOI=10) 1 h,PBS洗涤后加入含100 mg/L庆大霉素的DMEM,培养24 h。收集细胞上清,按鼠IL-1β ELISA检测试剂盒说明书检测IL-1β分泌水平。
取1 mL过夜培养的XH02、XH02Δlpxtg270菌液,10 000 r/min离心1 min,弃上清,用PBS洗涤3次后用DMEM稀释至MOI=10,侵染J774A.1巨噬细胞(12孔板,1×106细胞/孔)。侵染30 min后,弃去培养液,用PBS洗涤3次,每孔加入100 μL 0.1% Triton X-100裂解细胞1 min,用PBS稀释后涂布TSA平板,在37 ℃培养48 h,统计菌落数。侵染1 h后,弃培养液,用PBS洗涤3次,加入含100 mg/L庆大霉素的DMEM,在37 ℃、5% CO2培养1 h,弃培养液,用PBS洗涤3次,按上述方法裂解细胞并涂TSA板,统计菌落数。以侵袭试验时间点为T0,在10 h (T10)裂解细胞并进行菌落计数,计算Cp在胞内的增殖情况。
将24只昆明系小鼠[体重(23.5±0.5) g]随机分为3组(XH02组、XH02Δlpxtg270组和PBS对照组),每组8只。将过夜培养的XH02、XH02Δlpxtg270菌液10 000 r/min离心1 min,弃去上清液,用PBS洗涤3次后稀释至8×107 CFU/mL (本研究后续的菌液培养及稀释方法与此相同)。试验组小鼠分别腹腔注射对应菌液(0.2 mL/只),PBS组小鼠采用相同方法注射0.2 mL PBS。记录小鼠14 d内的死亡情况,并绘制生存曲线。
将昆明系小鼠[体重(25.0±1.0) g]随机分为XH02组、XH02Δlpxtg270组和PBS对照组,每组3只。用PBS将Cp稀释至8×107 CFU/mL,对应组小鼠分别腹腔注射XH02、XH02Δlpxtg270或PBS (均为0.2 mL/只)。参考文献[21]的方法,于感染后3 d采集小鼠眼球血、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、肺脏和脑。取血清100 μL直接涂板,脏器则加入灭菌PBS,用匀浆机充分匀浆后,以PBS稀释涂板计数,统计小鼠血清和上述脏器的载菌量。
将9只昆明系小鼠[体重(25.0±1.0) g]随机分为XH02组、XH02Δlpxtg270组和PBS对照组。用PBS将Cp稀释至5×106 CFU/mL,对应组小鼠分别腹腔注射XH02、XH02Δlpxtg270或PBS (均为0.2 mL/只)。在感染第8天剖检小鼠,观察肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、肺脏和脑的大体病变。同时,取小鼠上述脏器用10%甲醛固定后,送成都里来生物科技有限公司制作组织切片,HE染色后用显微镜观察组织病理变化。
利用GraphPad Prism 10.0进行统计学检验,分析组间差异。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义(*:P<0.05;**:P<0.01;***:P<0.001),P>0.05时,视为差异无统计学意义(ns)。
成功构建重组质粒pEC-lpxtg270gRNA与pEC-lpxtg270gRNA-HDarm,PCR扩增DNA片段结果证实所构建质粒正确(图2A、2B)。挑取单个菌落鉴定,XH02的PCR扩增条带为2 162 bp,XH02Δlpxtg270的PCR扩增条带为1 349 bp,验证结果正确(图2C)。测序比对(图2D)证实成功敲除了XH02的lpxtg270全部序列。
比较XH02和XH02Δlpxtg270在LB固体培养基上的菌落形态以及在BHI肉汤中的生长能力。结果显示,XH02和XH02Δlpxtg270在含5%兔血的LB固体培养基上培养时生长良好,菌落均呈乳白色,表面干燥,肉眼观察菌落形态无明显差异(图3A、3B),2株菌在BHI肉汤中培养,在0-30 h期间生长状态无显著差异(图3C)。上述结果表明,敲除lpxtg270后不影响Cp体外培养的菌落形态和生长过程。
采用结晶紫染色检测生物被膜,发现培养24、36和48 h时XH02Δlpxtg270形成生物被膜的能力显著低于XH02 (图4A)。扫描电镜观察显示:XH02可形成大面积的生物被膜,而XH02Δlpxtg270仅形成少量生物被膜(图4B)。这表明敲除lpxtg270会影响Cp的生物被膜形成能力。
相较于XH02菌株,XH02Δlpxtg270菌株感染J774A.1细胞后LDH释放量显著减少(图5A),PI阳性细胞的比例极显著降低(图5B)。这表明敲除lpxtg270可降低Cp对被感染巨噬细胞的损伤作用。
相较于XH02菌株,XH02Δlpxtg270菌株感染J774A.1细胞后IL-1β的分泌量极显著下降(图6)。这表明敲除lpxtg270会使Cp感染诱导巨噬细胞分泌IL-1β的能力下降。
与XH02相比,XH02Δlpxtg270黏附J774A.1巨噬细胞及在胞内增殖的能力无显著变化,但其对J774A.1的侵袭能力显著降低(图7A-7C)。
与XH02感染组相比,XH02Δlpxtg270感染组小鼠的死亡率下降25% (图8A)。XH02Δlpxtg270感染小鼠的肝、脾、肾、肺和脑的载菌量均显著低于XH02感染小鼠(图8B-8F);而血清中未检测到Cp,在XH02Δlpxtg270感染小鼠的脑组织中也未检测到Cp。观察病程较长的小鼠发现,XH02感染组部分小鼠出现不自主颤抖、呼吸困难、食欲下降和消瘦等症状,而XH02Δlpxtg270感染组小鼠仅出现食欲下降和消瘦。剖检显示XH02感染组有3只小鼠的脾脏严重肿大、肝脏上有脓肿;而XH02Δlpxtg270感染小鼠仅有1只脾脏严重肿大(图8G),且小鼠肺脏和脑的外观病变不明显(图8G)。观察病理切片发现,与PBS组小鼠相比,XH02感染小鼠的脑组织内部分毛细血管结构不完整,间隙内可见少量纤维蛋白,个别神经元细胞核部分溶解;肺部出现明显炎症,肺泡壁增厚,肺泡壁上可见少量嗜中性粒细胞和红细胞,肺泡中出现均质红染的蛋白浆液;肝细胞严重肿大变圆,胞浆中可见大量蛋白颗粒,部分肝细胞的细胞核溶解、碎裂,肝血窦闭锁;整个脾组织内弥漫性分布着大量红细胞和纤维蛋白;肾小球高度肿大,可见散在分布的红细胞,肾小囊内可见少量纤维蛋白。XH02Δlpxtg270组小鼠的组织病理变化比XH02组小鼠轻,脑组织无明显病变,肺部出现轻微炎症,肝组织内仅有少数肝细胞轻微肿胀,肝血窦和中央静脉可见少量红细胞,脾小结周边的淋巴细胞轻微减少,肾小球轻微肿胀(图8H)。这表明敲除lpxtg270可使Cp感染小鼠的致病力下降。
革兰阳性菌表面蛋白通过介导宿主细胞黏附、免疫逃逸及生物被膜形成等过程,在其环境适应与致病过程中发挥关键作用[22]。大多数革兰阳性菌表面蛋白通过保守的LPXTG基序实现细胞壁锚定,该基序能被分选酶A (sortase A)特异性识别并催化转肽反应[23],进而使其发挥相应功能。研究表明金黄色葡萄球菌的ClfA、链球菌的M蛋白等典型LPXTG蛋白均直接参与病原-宿主互作[24-25]。然而,不同菌属中LPXTG蛋白的功能特异性及其在生物被膜动态调控中的作用机制仍待探索。本研究采用基因敲除方法研究LPXTG基序锚定蛋白(LPXTG270)在Cp生长特性及致病性中的作用。研究发现敲除lpxtg270不影响Cp在体外培养时的菌落形态及生长曲线,提示lpxtg270并非维持Cp菌落形态和生长繁殖的必需基因,相似结果在李斯特菌的研究中也有报道[16],说明细菌表面蛋白可能与致病性有关,但与其存活无关[12]。生物被膜的形成是细菌致病性的重要因素之一。生物被膜能使细菌抵抗宿主免疫系统的攻击及抗生素的治疗,在细菌的慢性感染中发挥关键作用[26]。本研究发现,敲除lpxtg270后Cp形成生物被膜的能力下降。该结果与Shi等报道的敲除单增李斯特菌LPXTG表面蛋白基因lmo0159显著降低该病原形成生物被膜的能力相似[27],提示敲除lpxtg270直接或间接地影响Cp形成生物被膜的能力。表面蛋白影响革兰氏阳性菌生物被膜形成的机制包括:(1) 作为表面黏附素介导菌体-基质初始附着,如金黄色葡萄球菌SasG通过LPXTG锚定促进生物被膜的积累[28];(2) 通过蛋白-蛋白相互作用形成细胞间连接网络,类似分选酶依赖的菌毛组装机制[29]。LPXTG270是否通过上述机制影响Cp的生物被膜形成还有待进一步研究。
Cp作为一种兼性胞内寄生菌,可感染并在巨噬细胞内存活[30],引起巨噬细胞分泌炎症介质IL-1β[31],还能诱导巨噬细胞死亡,其特点为被感染细胞LDH释放增加及PI染色细胞比例提高[12]。本研究发现,敲除lpxtg270使Cp感染J774A.1巨噬细胞的LDH释放量显著减少、PI染色比例下降、IL-1β分泌水平降低,提示lpxtg270是影响Cp感染损伤巨噬细胞及诱发IL-1β分泌的重要因子。本研究还发现,敲除lpxtg270显著降低Cp对J774A.1巨噬细胞的入侵能力,但不影响Cp对J774A.1的黏附以及在该病原在胞内的增殖能力。Shi等[27]报道LPXTG表面蛋白基因lmo0159的敲除显著降低单增李斯特菌对RAW264.7巨噬细胞黏附和侵袭能力;而林柯辰等[16]发现LPXTG蛋白基因Lmo0880敲除不影响单增李斯特菌对人肠上皮细胞Caco-2的黏附能力,但其对Caco-2的侵袭能力显著降低。出现这些差异的原因可能有:(1) 即使是相似的LPXTG基序蛋白,病原类别以及细胞类别的不同可能影响细菌LPXTG基序蛋白对相应细胞的黏附及入侵;(2) 含LPXTG基序蛋白种类多,不同的蛋白在病原菌感染宿主细胞中发挥的作用不完全相同。据报道,LPXTG基序蛋白数量的差异可能是白喉棒状杆菌不同菌株之间黏附性能变化的原因[32]。虽然黏附到宿主细胞被认为是宿主-病原体相互作用的初始步骤,但黏附可能并非病原微生物表现出完全毒力的必要条件[33]。例如四环素处理的白喉棒状杆菌仍然能够附着在宿主细胞上,但失去了侵入细胞的能力[34]。LPXTG270影响Cp入侵J774A.1巨噬细胞的具体机制尚有待进一步研究。
本研究发现敲除lpxtg270降低Cp对感染小鼠的致病力以及被感染小鼠肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、肺脏和脑的载菌水平以及上述脏器的组织病理损伤,这与敲除单增李斯特菌LPXTG基序蛋白基因lmo0880lmo0159降低该病原对小鼠的致病力[16,27],以及敲除LPXTG蛋白SspB基因降低猪链球菌2型对小鼠的致病力[14]相似,表明lpxtg270是影响Cp致病的相关基因。本研究发现Cp攻毒小鼠的死亡高峰在第3天。因此进一步检测了感染小鼠血清中Cp情况,结果未检出该病原,提示引起小鼠死亡的原因并非Cp感染导致的菌血症。根据脏器载菌量结果,推测可能是由于多器官损伤引起的急性死亡,但其具体原因有待进一步探索。Cp感染致病与其多种毒力因子相关,如PLD水解动物细胞膜鞘磷脂而增加血管渗透性,促进Cp从嗜中性粒细胞逃逸;而OppD缺失导致Cp对巨噬细胞黏附和感染能力下降等[11]。本研究进一步拓展了Cp毒力相关因子类别,即LPXTG270影响Cp对小鼠的致病力。本研究发现lpxtg270cp40[19] 2个完全不同的基因敲除在该病原的表型及引起巨噬细胞损伤和IL-1β分泌中表现相似,提示该病原感染损伤巨噬细胞及介导IL-1β分泌的毒力相关因子并非唯一。这些毒力相关因子是像PLD一样直接发挥毒力作用,还是通过影响Cp入侵等间接发挥作用,尚待深入研究。后期可考虑表达获得LPXTG270重组蛋白研究其影响Cp致病性的机制。此外,本研究发现Cp感染可引起部分小鼠表现出神经症状,同时在脑组织中检测到该病原的定殖。Glass等报道在出现神经症状山羊的脑部脓肿中观察到形态和染色特征与Cp一致的细菌[35],表明该病原感染可入侵大脑。病理组织学检查显示,XH02感染导致小鼠脑组织内部分毛细血管结构不完整,间隙内出现少量纤维蛋白,以及个别神经元细胞核部分溶解,提示Cp能穿透血脑屏障,导致脑组织炎症及损伤。
综上所述,本研究证实lpxtg270是Cp感染致病相关基因,为深入探究LPXTG270在该病原感染致病中的作用机制奠定了基础。
  • 国家级大学生创新创业训练计划(202410635070)
  • 重庆市自然科学基金(CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX1262)
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2025年第65卷第10期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250217
  • 接收时间:2025-03-19
  • 首发时间:2025-11-03
  • 出版时间:2025-09-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-19
  • 录用日期:2025-05-09
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the National College Students Innovation Training Program(202410635070)
国家级大学生创新创业训练计划(202410635070)
the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX1262)
重庆市自然科学基金(CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX1262)
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    1西南大学 动物医学院,重庆
    2精华药业(成都)有限公司,四川 成都
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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