Article(id=1192149545795600460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1192149543010582589, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250214, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1742227200000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1744214400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-04-10, onlineDate=1762160200785, onlineDateStr=2025-11-03, pubDate=1756915200000, pubDateStr=2025-09-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762160200785, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762160200785, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762160200785, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1192149543010582589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='10', pageStart='4241', pageEnd='4713', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762160200113, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762160638682, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1192151382586175735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1192149543010582589, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1192151382586175736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1192149543010582589, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4528, endPage=4536, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1192149546005315662, articleId=1192149545795600460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Biological characteristics of the transposon insertion mutant of TonB in Avibacterium paragallinarum, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To elucidate the virulence-associated biological characteristics of a transposon insertion mutant with impaired biofilm formation of Avibacterium paragallinarum. [Methods] The wild-type strain JZIC-005 and a biofilm-deficient mutant Tn-1504 (from a pre-established transposon mutant library) were selected for determination of insertion sites biological characterization. [Results] PCR results demonstrated site-specific transposon integration into TonB of A. paragallinarum. While mutant Tn-1504 exhibited no growth defects compared with the wild-type strain (P>0.05), it demonstrated reductions of 46.57% in adhesion to DF-1 cells and 77.61% in cellular invasion. Cytotoxicity assays revealed a 34.97% reduction of Tn-1504 in inducing host cell damage. All of the above phenotypic differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). [Conclusion] We demonstrate that inactivation of TonB specifically impairs the adhesion, invasion, and virulence characteristics of A. paragallinarum, providing a key target for analyzing the pathogenic mechanism and developing anti-virulence strategies for this pathogen.

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E-mail: JIANG Wei,
SUN Weidong,
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【目的】 探究生物被膜形成能力减弱的转座子插入突变株对副鸡禽杆菌生物学特性的调控作用。 【方法】 以野生株JZIC-005和转座子突变株Tn-1504 (从突变库中筛选获得,生物被膜形成能力减弱)为研究对象,进行插入位点鉴定及生物学特性分析。 【结果】 PCR验证显示转座子特异性插入副鸡禽杆菌TonB基因中。与野生株相比,突变株Tn-1504的增殖能力未发生显著改变(P>0.05),但对DF-1细胞的黏附率降低46.57%,侵袭率下降77.61%,细胞毒性减弱34.97%。上述表型差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。 【结论】 本研究证实TonB基因失活可特异性削弱副鸡禽杆菌的宿主黏附、侵袭及毒性特征,为解析该病原致病机制及抗毒力策略开发提供了关键靶点。

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作者贡献声明

范冰冰:参与设计,开展实验与数据分析,撰写和修改论文;邵艳:数据收集与监管;张权:数据分析;黎璐璐:执行调研;路静雯:验证,完成呈现;卢淑淇:提供技术支持、参与论文讨论;徐维维:审阅,参与论文讨论;孙卫东:指导研究,论文修改;蒋蔚:提供资金支持,设计、指导研究,论文修改。

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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2018, 7: 535., articleTitle=Iron starvation conditions upregulate Ehrlichia ruminantium type IV secretion system, tr1 transcription factor and map1 genes family through the master regulatory protein ErxR, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1192161080605553152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149545795600460, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=184, issue=6, pageStart=1640, pageEnd=1648, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=22, authorNames=HIGGS PI, LETAIN TE, MERRIAM KK, BURKE NS, PARK H, KANG C, POSTLE K, journalName=Journal of Bacteriology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HIGGS PI, LETAIN TE, MERRIAM KK, BURKE NS, PARK H, KANG C, POSTLE K. TonB interacts with nonreceptor proteins in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli [J]. Journal of Bacteriology, 2002, 184(6): 1640-1648., articleTitle=TonB interacts with nonreceptor proteins in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1192161080660079105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149545795600460, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=90, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=23, authorNames=PARKER AC, SEALS NL, BACCANALE CL, ROCHA ER, journalName=Infection and Immunity, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PARKER AC, SEALS NL, BACCANALE CL, ROCHA ER. Analysis of six tonB gene homologs in Bacteroides fragilis revealed that tonB3 is essential for survival in experimental intestinal colonization and intra-abdominal infection[J]. Infection and Immunity, 2022, 90(1): e0046921., articleTitle=Analysis of six tonB gene homologs in Bacteroides fragilis revealed that tonB3 is essential for survival in experimental intestinal colonization and intra-abdominal infection, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1192161080718799362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149545795600460, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=45, issue=3, pageStart=120, pageEnd=124, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=24, authorNames=孙晨明, 徐亚亚, 朱庭芳, 王梓霏, 袁华根, journalName=中国家禽, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙晨明, 徐亚亚, 朱庭芳, 王梓霏, 袁华根. 禽致病性大肠杆菌tonB基因缺失株的构建及其生物学特性研究[J]. 中国家禽, 2023, 45(3): 120-124., articleTitle=禽致病性大肠杆菌tonB基因缺失株的构建及其生物学特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1192161080773325315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149545795600460, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=45, issue=3, pageStart=120, pageEnd=124, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=25, authorNames=SUN CM, XU YY, ZHU TF, WANG ZF, YUAN HG, journalName=China Poultry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN CM, XU YY, ZHU TF, WANG ZF, YUAN HG. Study on characterization of the tonB mutant constructed in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli [J]. 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A: PCR identification of the HagA gene of Avibacterium paragallinarum (Lane M: DNA marker; Lanes 1-22: Monoclonal colonies of mutant strain Tn-1504; Lane 23: Negative control); B: PCR identification of the erythromycin gene in transposon Tn5 (Lane M: DNA marker; Lanes 1-22: Monoclonal colonies of mutant strain Tn-1504; Lane 23: Negative control; Lane 24: Positive control); C: Transposon insertion site sequencing results (The 19 bp at the end of the transposon with blue background, the inserted genomic sequence is on the right, and the junction in the middle is the transposon insertion site)., figureFileSmall=TPQU/PjpeVpo801Ef4ltkA==, figureFileBig=XHtD1vVc09nEzaUnAJWqtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161077589848539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149545795600460, language=CN, label=图1, caption=转座子突变株及其插入位点的鉴定。A:副鸡禽杆菌HagA基因的PCR鉴定(泳道M:DNA相对分子量标准;泳道1-22:突变株Tn-1504的单克隆菌落;泳道23:阴性对照);B:转座子Tn5中的红霉素基因的PCR鉴定(泳道M:DNA相对分子量标准;泳道1-22:突变株Tn-1504的单克隆菌落;泳道23:阴性对照;泳道24:阳性对照);C:转座子插入位点测序结果(蓝色底纹的是转座子末端的19个碱基对,右边是插入的基因组序列,中间连接处是转座子插入位点)。, figureFileSmall=TPQU/PjpeVpo801Ef4ltkA==, figureFileBig=XHtD1vVc09nEzaUnAJWqtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161077677928924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149545795600460, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Growth curves of wild strain JZIC-005 and mutant strain Tn-1504., figureFileSmall=g0ZyfIxaSe2QPYyXIr9PfQ==, figureFileBig=z0u95klzWQ0oPCXx/R55rA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161077728260573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149545795600460, language=CN, label=图2, caption=野生株JZIC-005、突变株Tn-1504的生长曲线, figureFileSmall=g0ZyfIxaSe2QPYyXIr9PfQ==, figureFileBig=z0u95klzWQ0oPCXx/R55rA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161077770203614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149545795600460, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Adhesion capacity of JZIC-005 and Tn-1504 to chicken embryo fibroblast DF-1. **: P<0.01., figureFileSmall=Stku0Q74mF54VqvnDguIkA==, figureFileBig=V6yKRqm+yJheOomSx+2jcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161077879255519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149545795600460, language=CN, label=图3, caption=JZIC-005Tn-1504对鸡胚成纤维细胞DF-1的黏附能力, figureFileSmall=Stku0Q74mF54VqvnDguIkA==, figureFileBig=V6yKRqm+yJheOomSx+2jcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161077929587168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149545795600460, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Invasion capacity of JZIC-005 and Tn-1504 to chicken embryo fibroblast DF-1. **: P<0.01., figureFileSmall=OWWyv8k8DNt6OaMIKjhs2w==, figureFileBig=FVVhN3OgYB/+U/hf870+Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161077979918817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149545795600460, language=CN, label=图4, caption=JZIC-005Tn-1504对鸡胚成纤维细胞DF-1的入侵能力, figureFileSmall=OWWyv8k8DNt6OaMIKjhs2w==, figureFileBig=FVVhN3OgYB/+U/hf870+Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161078038639074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149545795600460, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Toxicity of JZIC-005 and Tn-1504 to chicken embryo fibroblasts DF-1. **: P<0.01., figureFileSmall=blTQRpa0EpqafR2tSMbngw==, figureFileBig=++KxpsMdVnW4ZnjL2pSwvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161078097359331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149545795600460, language=CN, label=图5, caption=JZIC-005Tn-1504对鸡胚成纤维细胞DF-1的毒性, figureFileSmall=blTQRpa0EpqafR2tSMbngw==, figureFileBig=++KxpsMdVnW4ZnjL2pSwvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161078160273892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149545795600460, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primers related to transposon insertion identification

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

引物

Primers name

引物序列

Primer sequences (5′→3′)

PCR产物长度

Lenth of PCR products (bp)

Erm-FGACGATATTCTCGATTGACC484
Erm-RTTAACGACGAAACTGGCTAA
Apg-FTGAGGGTAGTCTTGCACGCGAAT510
Apg-RCAAGGTATCGATCGTCTCTCTACT
), ArticleFig(id=1192161078231577061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149545795600460, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

转座子插入鉴定的相关引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

引物

Primers name

引物序列

Primer sequences (5′→3′)

PCR产物长度

Lenth of PCR products (bp)

Erm-FGACGATATTCTCGATTGACC484
Erm-RTTAACGACGAAACTGGCTAA
Apg-FTGAGGGTAGTCTTGCACGCGAAT510
Apg-RCAAGGTATCGATCGTCTCTCTACT
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副鸡禽杆菌 TonB 转座子插入突变株的生物学特性
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范冰冰 1, 2 , 邵艳 2 , 张权 2 , 黎璐璐 2 , 路静雯 3 , 卢淑淇 2 , 徐维维 2 , 孙卫东 1 , 蒋蔚 2
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(10): 4528-4536
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(10): 4528-4536
副鸡禽杆菌 TonB 转座子插入突变株的生物学特性
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范冰冰1, 2, 邵艳2, 张权2, 黎璐璐2, 路静雯3, 卢淑淇2, 徐维维2, 孙卫东1 , 蒋蔚2
作者信息
  • 1南京农业大学 动物医学院,江苏 南京
  • 2中国农业科学院上海兽医研究所,上海
  • 3上海健康医学院,上海
Biological characteristics of the transposon insertion mutant of TonB in Avibacterium paragallinarum
Bingbing FAN1, 2, Yan SHAO2, Quan ZHANG2, Lulu LI2, Jingwen LU3, Shuqi LU2, Weiwei XU2, Weidong SUN1 , Wei JIANG2
Affiliations
  • 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
  • 2Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
  • 3Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
出版时间: 2025-09-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250214
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【目的】 探究生物被膜形成能力减弱的转座子插入突变株对副鸡禽杆菌生物学特性的调控作用。 【方法】 以野生株JZIC-005和转座子突变株Tn-1504 (从突变库中筛选获得,生物被膜形成能力减弱)为研究对象,进行插入位点鉴定及生物学特性分析。 【结果】 PCR验证显示转座子特异性插入副鸡禽杆菌TonB基因中。与野生株相比,突变株Tn-1504的增殖能力未发生显著改变(P>0.05),但对DF-1细胞的黏附率降低46.57%,侵袭率下降77.61%,细胞毒性减弱34.97%。上述表型差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。 【结论】 本研究证实TonB基因失活可特异性削弱副鸡禽杆菌的宿主黏附、侵袭及毒性特征,为解析该病原致病机制及抗毒力策略开发提供了关键靶点。

副鸡禽杆菌  /  转座子  /  生物学特性  /  TonB

[Objective] To elucidate the virulence-associated biological characteristics of a transposon insertion mutant with impaired biofilm formation of Avibacterium paragallinarum. [Methods] The wild-type strain JZIC-005 and a biofilm-deficient mutant Tn-1504 (from a pre-established transposon mutant library) were selected for determination of insertion sites biological characterization. [Results] PCR results demonstrated site-specific transposon integration into TonB of A. paragallinarum. While mutant Tn-1504 exhibited no growth defects compared with the wild-type strain (P>0.05), it demonstrated reductions of 46.57% in adhesion to DF-1 cells and 77.61% in cellular invasion. Cytotoxicity assays revealed a 34.97% reduction of Tn-1504 in inducing host cell damage. All of the above phenotypic differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). [Conclusion] We demonstrate that inactivation of TonB specifically impairs the adhesion, invasion, and virulence characteristics of A. paragallinarum, providing a key target for analyzing the pathogenic mechanism and developing anti-virulence strategies for this pathogen.

Avibacterium paragallinarum  /  transposon  /  biological characteristics  /  TonB
范冰冰, 邵艳, 张权, 黎璐璐, 路静雯, 卢淑淇, 徐维维, 孙卫东, 蒋蔚. 副鸡禽杆菌 TonB 转座子插入突变株的生物学特性. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (10) : 4528 -4536 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250214
Bingbing FAN, Yan SHAO, Quan ZHANG, Lulu LI, Jingwen LU, Shuqi LU, Weiwei XU, Weidong SUN, Wei JIANG. Biological characteristics of the transposon insertion mutant of TonB in Avibacterium paragallinarum[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (10) : 4528 -4536 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250214
副鸡禽杆菌(Avibacterium paragallinarum, Apg)属于巴氏杆菌科禽杆菌属,为革兰氏阴性短杆菌,是鸡传染性鼻炎(infectious coryza, IC)的病原体[1]。该病可导致肉鸡生长迟滞、蛋鸡产蛋率下降,造成严重经济损失。目前已鉴定Apg存在A、B、C三种血清型[2],且不同血清型间交叉保护作用微弱。值得注意的是,我国近年IC发病率持续攀升,且流行血清型呈现动态变迁特征,显著增加了疫苗防控难度。尽管抗生素仍是养殖场的主要防控手段,但Apg耐药性的广泛出现已严重制约其应用效能。
生物被膜是细菌抵御环境胁迫的关键生存策略,由胞外多糖基质包裹的微生物聚集体构成,其三维结构包含蛋白质、DNA等多种组分[3]。这种特殊存在形态不仅阻碍抗生素渗透、降低细菌对抗菌药物的敏感性,还通过介导免疫逃逸机制促进持续性感染[4]。因此,解析生物被膜形成机制对突破现有防治瓶颈具有重要意义。
TonB蛋白是革兰氏阴性菌铁摄取系统的核心组分,通过质子动力势偶联驱动铁载体-受体复合物的跨膜转运[5]。众多革兰氏阴性致病菌通过TonB系统特异性摄取宿主铁离子等必需营养物质,从而在营养限制性环境中建立感染[6]。值得关注的是,生物被膜的形成涉及胞外多糖(exopoly saccharides, EPS)、菌毛和鞭毛的协同作用:铁离子可通过激活pel/psl等生物被膜相关基因促进EPS分泌,而铁限制环境则通过Fur调控子介导的全局性调控抑制胞外聚合物合成,最终导致被膜结构稳定性下降[7-8]
转座子作为天然基因转移载体,其转座特性为构建随机突变库提供了重要技术路径[9]。通过筛选表型变异株鉴定毒力/生物被膜相关基因已成为病原体致病机制研究的经典策略。例如,贺云霞等[10]通过EZ-Tn5转座子文库筛选副猪嗜血杆菌减毒株,系统阐明其毒力调控网络;Guo等[11]从Apg突变库中鉴定出17个生物被膜相关基因,揭示了关键致病因子的作用机制。然而,目前针对Apg生物被膜形成基因的系统研究仍显不足。基于此,本研究选取前期构建的转座子突变库中筛选获得的生物被膜缺陷株,系统解析其生物学特性,以期为Apg防控提供创新理论依据。
副鸡禽杆菌血清A型JZIC-005株和转座子插入突变株Tn-1504均由本实验室保存;大肠杆菌S17-1λpir (pEVS170)由美国佐治亚大学Eric V. Stabb教授惠赠,此大肠杆菌中携带的质粒pEVS170中含mini-Tn5转座子序列。
胰蛋白胨大豆肉汤(TSB)培养基、DMEM培养基、CytoTox96®细胞毒性检测试剂盒,上海秋爽生物科技有限公司;普通鸡血清、Fetal Bovine Serum Gold胎牛血清(特级),上海彩朵生物技术有限公司;氧化型辅酶I,生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;琼脂糖凝胶DNA/PCR产物小量回收试剂盒,上海蝉藤生物技术有限公司。
根据NCBI数据库中质粒pEVS170 (GenBank登录号为MH370733.1)的基因序列,使用Premier 5.0和SnapGene软件设计突变株的鉴定引物,以及根据《鸡传染性鼻炎检疫技术规范》(SN/T 1556—2020)设计副鸡禽杆菌鉴定引物[12],由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成。引物序列见表1
参考张小芸[13]的方法,确定突变株中转座子插入基因组中的位置。挑取生物被膜形成能力减弱的突变株Tn-1504的单克隆菌落,用水煮法提取其基因组,然后用Apg-F和Apg-R引物PCR检测副鸡禽杆菌的特异性基因HagA。PCR反应体系(20 µL):2×Taq Master Mix 10 µL,上、下游引物(10 µmol/L)各1 µL,DNA模板2 µL,ddH2O 6 µL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性30 s,55 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸31 s,共30个循环;72 ℃终延伸10 min。用Erm-F和Erm-R引物PCR检测转座子上Erm基因。PCR反应体系(20 µL):2×Taq Master Mix 10 µL,上、下游引物(10 µmol/L)各1 µL,DNA模板2 µL,ddH2O 6 µL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性30 s,55 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸29 s,共30个循环;72 ℃终延伸10 min。然后采用热不对称PCR (TAIL-PCR)法和BLAST (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/Blast.cgi)来鉴定转座子mini-Tn5插入基因组中的位置,具体操作参考文献[13]完成。
取新鲜培养的野生株和突变株菌液,分别按1:10的比例接种于含有50 mL TSB液体培养基的锥形瓶中,37 ℃、180 r/min振荡培养。之后每1 h从锥形瓶中吸取1次样品,测定突变株Tn-1504和野生型菌株JZIC-005在不同培养时间的OD600值,记录培养时间及相对应的OD600值。以菌液OD600值为纵坐标,以培养时间(t/h)为横坐标,绘制相应菌株的生长曲线。
参照Han等[14]的方法进行试验。将DF-1细胞用含有10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基培养至T75细胞瓶中,待细胞长至70%-90%左右,用胰酶消化DF-1细胞吹匀铺于24孔细胞培养板中,置于37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养长至单层细胞。弃上清培养基,用PBS洗3次。将各菌株培养至对数生长期(OD600约为0.2),以100:1的感染复数(multiplicity of infection, MOI)对野生株和突变株进行稀释,加入24孔细胞培养板中并设置3个重复,置于37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养2 h,弃上清,用PBS洗3次,向每孔加入1 mL 0.5%的Triton X-100,反复吹打以使细胞充分裂解,将收集的Triton X-100稀释至10-2后涂布于TSA培养基,置于37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养18-24 h后进行活菌计数。
参考Han等[14]的方法进行试验。将DF-1细胞用DMEM完全培养基培养至T75细胞瓶中,待细胞长至70%-90%左右,用胰酶消化吹匀铺于24孔细胞培养板中,置于37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养长至单层细胞。弃上清培养基,用PBS洗3次。将各菌株培养至对数生长期,以感染率MOI=100:1对野生株和突变株进行稀释,加入24孔细胞培养板中,每个菌株设置3个重复,置于37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养2 h,弃上清,用PBS洗3次,加入500 µL的25 µg/mL的庆大霉素抗生素孵育1 h。向每孔加入1 mL 0.5%的Triton X-100,反复吹打以使细胞充分裂解,将收集的Triton X-100倍比稀释后涂布于TSA培养基,置于37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养18-24 h后进行活菌计数。
参考Yu等[15]的方法进行细胞毒性测定。将生长状况良好的DF-1细胞均匀铺于96孔细胞板中,置于37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养长至单层细胞。按照感染率MOI=1 000:1稀释各菌液,试验孔的每菌重复4个孔。为使细菌与细胞充分接触,将96孔细胞培养板在放入细胞培养箱中培养前进行1 000 r/min离心5 min,而后孵育4 h。靶细胞最大裂解孔在收上清前45 min加入靶细胞裂解液。按照CytoTox96®细胞毒性检测试剂盒说明书检测细胞上清液中乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)的含量,以反映不同菌株对DF-1细胞毒性作用。
利用GraphPad Prism 9.5.0软件进行统计学分析,数据采用t-检验的方法分析菌株之间的平均差异。P<0.05表示差异显著,P<0.01表示差异极显著。
挑取生物被膜形成能力减弱的突变株Tn-1504的单克隆菌落,提取其基因组,通过PCR检测转座子是否插入以及转座子插入基因组中的位置。结果显示,突变株Tn-1504单克隆菌落经PCR检测扩增出了大小为510 bp左右的条带(图1A),符合副鸡禽杆菌HagA基因的大小,且也扩增出了大小为484 bp左右的条带(图1B),符合红霉素基因的大小。这表明转座子成功插入副鸡禽杆菌基因组中。热不对称PCR后将产物送至生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司测序,测序结果经NCBI比对显示,突变株Tn-1504中转座子mini-Tn5插入副鸡禽杆菌的TonB基因中(图1C)。
为了评价TonB转座子插入突变株是否影响副鸡禽杆菌的生长速率,对野生株JZIC-005和突变株Tn-1504进行了连续15 h的OD600值记录,并绘制其生长曲线。结果如图2所示,突变株Tn-1504的生长速度与野生菌株相比无明显差异(P>0.05)。这表明转座子插入TonB基因后不影响副鸡禽杆菌的生长特性。
为了探索转座子插入TonB基因后是否影响副鸡禽杆菌对细胞的黏附性,测定了野生株JZIC-005和突变株Tn-1504对DF-1细胞的黏附数。如图3所示,JZIC-005株与Tn-1504株对DF-1细胞的细菌黏附平均数分别为10.2×104 CFU/孔和5.45×104 CFU/孔。与野生株相比突变株Tn-1504对DF-1细胞的黏附率降低46.57%,显著低于野生株(P<0.01)。这表明转座子插入TonB基因后影响副鸡禽杆菌的黏附能力。
为了探索转座子插入TonB基因后是否影响副鸡禽杆菌对细胞的入侵作用,测定了野生株JZIC-005和突变株Tn-1504对DF-1细胞的入侵数。如图4所示,JZIC-005株与Tn-1504株对DF-1细胞的细菌入侵平均数分别为335 CFU/孔和75 CFU/孔。与野生株相比突变株Tn-1504对DF-1细胞的侵袭率下降77.61%,显著低于野生株(P<0.01)。这表明转座子插入TonB基因后减弱了副鸡禽杆菌对细胞的入侵能力。
为进一步探索转座子插入TonB基因后是否影响副鸡禽杆菌对细胞的毒性作用,测定了野生株JZIC-005和突变株Tn-1504对DF-1细胞的毒性。如图5所示,JZIC-005株与Tn-1504株对DF-1细胞的平均细胞毒性分别为12.17%和7.91%。与野生株相比,突变株Tn-1504的细胞毒性减弱34.97%,显著低于野生株(P<0.01)。这表明转座子插入TonB基因后会引起副鸡禽杆菌毒力下降。
鸡传染性鼻炎的流行及其防治过程中面临的挑战已对养禽业造成显著的经济损失。在本研究中,通过对前期构建的副鸡禽杆菌转座子突变库进行筛选,获得了一株生物被膜形成能力显著减弱的突变株。通过测序比对分析发现转座子插入至编码TonB蛋白的基因序列中。进一步的生物学特性研究表明,该突变株在生长特性方面与野生株未表现出显著差异,然而其对DF-1细胞的黏附与侵袭能力以及细胞毒性均呈现明显下降趋势。这些发现提示,TonB基因位点的转座子插入可能通过干扰铁离子摄取系统、调控毒力因子表达网络以及影响细菌群体行为协调机制,进而重塑副鸡禽杆菌的环境适应能力与毒力调控体系。
值得注意的是,致病菌在宿主感染过程中对铁离子、血红素及维生素B12等必需营养物质的获取是其成功定殖的关键前提[16]。本研究观察到TonB转座子插入突变株在TSB液体培养基中的生长速率与野生株相当,这可能表明:转座子插入并未破坏该基因维持细菌基础代谢的核心功能,或者存在其他替代性调控途径补偿了TonB基因的功能缺失。在黏附侵袭机制层面,细菌通常依赖表面黏附素(如菌毛、外膜蛋白)与铁载体系统的协同作用完成宿主识别过程。本研究中TonB转座子插入突变株黏附侵袭能力的显著降低,可能与铁离子浓度依赖性毒力因子(如IV型菌毛、OmpA外膜蛋白等)的表达调控紊乱密切相关[17]。已有研究证实,TonB依赖性受体系统不仅承担铁载体跨膜转运的生物学功能,还可直接介导病原体与宿主细胞表面的分子互作[18]。这一机制在大肠杆菌研究中得到有力佐证:TonB3/TonB6双突变株由于无法有效识别宿主铁载体受体,完全丧失了在小鼠肠道的定殖能力[19]。此外,铁离子作为细菌毒素(如溶血素、蛋白酶等)生物合成的重要辅因子,其获取效率直接影响病原体的致病潜能。本研究中TonB突变株毒力减弱的现象与禽致病性大肠杆菌TonB基因敲除模型的研究结果高度一致[20],其潜在机制可能涉及:TonB基因失活导致细菌铁摄取系统功能障碍,引发铁限制应激反应,进而通过全局调控网络抑制铁依赖性毒力因子(如溶血素)的表达与活性,最终削弱病原体对宿主细胞的侵袭效力。
随着现代分子生物学技术的快速发展,转座子随机突变技术已成为解析病原微生物致病机制的重要工具。通过构建转座子突变库并筛选表型变异株,结合高通量测序技术,研究者可高效定位表型相关基因并阐释其功能。本研究正是基于该方法学优势,成功鉴定了TonB基因在副鸡禽杆菌致病过程中的关键调控作用。值得注意的是,该转座子突变株在保持正常生长能力的同时表现出定殖、侵袭和毒性特征的多维度衰减,这与“抗毒力策略”中削弱病原体致病力而不影响其生存的核心理念高度契合。为进一步验证TonB基因的功能特异性,后续研究需构建精确的基因缺失株与回补株进行功能恢复试验,同时系统解析TonB与其他毒力调控通路(如群体感应系统、双组分信号转导系统)的交互网络,为开发靶向TonB系统的精准抗菌策略提供理论支撑。
综上所述,本研究明确了转座子插入TonB基因对副鸡禽杆菌致病特性的多维度影响:在维持基本生长特性的前提下,显著降低其对宿主细胞的黏附侵袭能力与毒性效应。这一发现不仅为深入解析TonB介导的致病机制提供了关键实验证据,同时为开发基于铁代谢干预和毒力因子调控的新型防控策略开辟了创新性研究方向。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1800602)
  • 国家自然科学基金(32473039)
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2025年第65卷第10期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250214
  • 接收时间:2025-03-18
  • 首发时间:2025-11-03
  • 出版时间:2025-09-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-18
  • 录用日期:2025-04-10
基金
the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1800602)
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1800602)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32473039)
国家自然科学基金(32473039)
作者信息
    1南京农业大学 动物医学院,江苏 南京
    2中国农业科学院上海兽医研究所,上海
    3上海健康医学院,上海
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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