Article(id=1192149543782330469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1192149543010582589, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250220, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1742313600000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1748361600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-05-28, onlineDate=1762160200303, onlineDateStr=2025-11-03, pubDate=1756915200000, pubDateStr=2025-09-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762160200303, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762160200303, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762160200303, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1192149543010582589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='10', pageStart='4241', pageEnd='4713', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762160200113, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762160638682, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1192151382586175735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1192149543010582589, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1192151382586175736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1192149543010582589, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4565, endPage=4578, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1192149544063348840, articleId=1192149543782330469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Application of a T6SS effector Txe1-based counterselection system for genome editing in Edwardsiella piscicida, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Double-crossover homologous recombination using the SacB negative selection system is commonly employed for genome editing in Gram-negative bacteria. However, its negative selection efficiency varies significantly across strains, being frequently compromised by differences in metabolic characteristics or genomic composition. [Objective] To develop a novel counterselection system based on the type VI secretion system (T6SS) effector Txe1 to enhance the efficiency of seamless genome editing. [Methods] We first modified the conventional suicide plasmid pDM4 by introducing a kanamycin resistance gene, generating the derivative plasmid pDM4K. Subsequently, we replaced sacB with an l-arabinose-inducible expression cassette encoding the C-terminal domain of Txe1 (araC-PBAD::txe1CTD ), constructing a novel counterselection plasmid pTL1010. Using the virulence gene tssB of Edwardsiella piscicida FC2 as the target, we systematically evaluated and compared the counterselection efficiency of the Txe1 system with that of the conventional SacB system. [Results] Under induction with l-arabinose, the Txe1-based counterselection system achieved the efficiency of 91.1% (false-positive rate of 8.9%), outperforming the SacB system which had a false-positive rate of 100% (P<0.01). [Conclusion] The newly developed Txe1-based counterselection plasmid pTL1010 significantly enhances the efficiency of seamless genome editing in E. piscicida and provides a highly effective tool for precise genetic manipulation in Gram-negative bacteria.

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以果聚糖蔗糖酶(sucrose-6-fructosyltransferase, SacB)为基础的双交换同源重组技术虽常用于革兰氏阴性菌基因组编辑,但其负筛选效率在不同菌株间常存在显著差异,部分菌株因代谢特性或基因组组成差异导致效率低下。 【目的】 构建基于VI型分泌系统(T6SS)效应蛋白Txe1的新型负筛选体系,以提升无痕基因组编辑效率。 【方法】 改造传统自杀质粒pDM4,引入卡那霉素抗性基因,获得衍生质粒pDM4K;再以阿拉伯糖诱导型Txe1毒素C端结构域表达盒(araC-PBAD::txe1CTD )替换质粒中的sacB基因,构建新型负筛选质粒pTL1010。以杀鱼爱德华氏菌FC2株毒力相关基因tssB为靶点,系统比较Txe1与SacB系统的负筛选效率。 【结果】 阿拉伯糖诱导下,Txe1系统的负筛选效率达91.1% (假阳性率8.9%),显著优于传统SacB系统(假阳性率100%,P<0.01)。 【结论】 新型Txe1负筛选质粒pTL1010显著提高了杀鱼爱德华氏菌的无痕基因编辑效率,为革兰氏阴性菌精准遗传操作提供了高效新工具。

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作者贡献声明

王鹏程:研究构思和设计,数据收集和处理,论文撰写和修改;张明明:数据收集和处理,实验操作,参与论文讨论;张朝政:实验操作,数据分析,提供技术支持;李超:协助数据分析;曹健波:数据分析;严小军:项目指导;陶震:研究构思和设计,数据分析,论文撰写和修改,项目指导与监督。

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Microbiology Spectrum, 2025, 13(1): e0206624., articleTitle=Development of SacB-based counterselection for efficient allelic exchange in Fusobacterium nucleatum, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1192161153410281505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1997, volume=8, issue=2, pageStart=189, pageEnd=191, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=26, authorNames=JOST BH, HOMCHAMPA P, STRUGNELL RA, ADLER B, journalName=Molecular Biotechnology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JOST BH, HOMCHAMPA P, STRUGNELL RA, ADLER B. The sacB gene cannot be used as a counter-selectable marker in Pasteurella multocida [J]. 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Biochimie, 2019, 156: 79-91., articleTitle=Fragmentation of Escherichia coli mRNA by MazF and MqsR, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1192161153691299884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=10, issue=12, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=29, authorNames=LUO P, HE XY, LIU QT, HU CQ, journalName=PLoS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LUO P, HE XY, LIU QT, HU CQ. Developing universal genetic tools for rapid and efficient deletion mutation in Vibrio species based on suicide T-vectors carrying a novel counterselectable marker, vmi480[J]. 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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2019, 85(16): e00990-19., articleTitle=A new suite of allelic-exchange vectors for the scarless modification of proteobacterial genomes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1192161153871654964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1997, volume=94, issue=15, pageStart=8168, pageEnd=8172, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=31, authorNames=SIEGELE DA, HU JC, journalName=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SIEGELE DA, HU JC. Gene expression from plasmids containing the araBAD promoter at subsaturating inducer concentrations represents mixed populations[J]. 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BMC Biotechnology, 2008, 8: 2., articleTitle=Optimization of an E. coli L-rhamnose-inducible expression vector: test of various genetic module combinations, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1192161149660574677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, awardId=42376108, language=EN, fundingSource=the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42376108), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1192161149727683544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, awardId=42376108, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(42376108), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1192161142110827384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1192161142119215993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, companyId=1192161142110827384, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1192161142127604602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, companyId=1192161142110827384, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1浙江海洋大学 水产学院,浙江 舟山)]), AuthorCompany(id=1192161142190519163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1192161142198907772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, companyId=1192161142190519163, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1192161142207296381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, companyId=1192161142190519163, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2青岛农业大学 海洋科学与工程学院,山东 青岛)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1192161146309325739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Schematic diagram of the construction process of pTL1010 plasmid., figureFileSmall=WtaoiGp1r8p97U91Ltb83g==, figureFileBig=OGlBiQ8KfVunj7cApdoBbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161146426766252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, language=CN, label=图1, caption=pTL1010质粒构建全过程示意图, figureFileSmall=WtaoiGp1r8p97U91Ltb83g==, figureFileBig=OGlBiQ8KfVunj7cApdoBbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161146523235245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Verification of the expression regulation of arabinose-induced Txe1 toxin in Escherichia coli S17-1 λpir. A: TSA plate containing kanamycin (50 μg/mL) only; B: TSA plate containing kanamycin and 0.4% (W/V) l-arabinose; C: Negative control, E. coli S17-1 λpir without plasmid does not grow on kanamycin plate; D: Growth status on TSA plates containing only 0.4% (W/V) l-arabinose., figureFileSmall=4/0pKqKrqgWfT6AVazpnMQ==, figureFileBig=+gWQOQipnkE2vbD+O9FDKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161146883945391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, language=CN, label=图2, caption=阿拉伯糖诱导的Txe1毒素表达调控在大肠杆菌S17-1 λpir中的验证。A:仅含卡那霉素(50 μg/mL)的TSA平板;B:同时含卡那霉素和质量体积分数0.4%的l-阿拉伯糖的TSA平板;C:阴性对照,即未携带质粒的大肠杆菌S17-1 λpir在含卡那霉素的平板上的生长情况;D:仅含质量体积分数0.4%的l-阿拉伯糖的TSA平板的生长情况。, figureFileSmall=4/0pKqKrqgWfT6AVazpnMQ==, figureFileBig=+gWQOQipnkE2vbD+O9FDKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161146972025777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=PCR validation of the first homologous recombination in pTL1010-ΔtssB and pDM4K-ΔtssB groups. A: PCR validation results of the pTL1010-ΔtssB group; B: PCR validation results of the pDM4K-ΔtssB group. In both panels, the top row represents PCR amplification using the Vec-Ins-F/R primers; The bottom row represents PCR amplification using the tssB-US-inter-F/tssB-DS-inter-R primers. Lane M: DL2000 DNA marker; Lanes 1-21: Tested colonies; P: Positive control (pDM4K-ΔtssB plasmid); C: Blank control (FC2 wild type strain without plasmid); N: Negative control (ddH2O)., figureFileSmall=Mj6aYFCqY386/IE8nNViNQ==, figureFileBig=OBr4VGNkdih1pBDEdlNo8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161148012213172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, language=CN, label=图3, caption=pTL1010-ΔtssBpDM4K-ΔtssB 组第一次同源重组的PCR验证。A:pTL1010-ΔtssB组PCR验证结果;B:pDM4K-ΔtssB组PCR验证结果。两图中,上行为Vec-Ins-F/R引物扩增结果;下行为tssB-US-inter/tssB-DS-inter物扩增结果。泳道M:DL2000 DNA marker;泳道1-21:测试菌落;P:阳性对照(pDM4K-ΔtssB质粒);C:空白对照(无质粒的FC2野生株);N:阴性对照(ddH2O)。, figureFileSmall=Mj6aYFCqY386/IE8nNViNQ==, figureFileBig=OBr4VGNkdih1pBDEdlNo8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161148108682166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Comparison of the second homologous recombination results of the pTL1010-ΔtssB group based on the tssB-US-inter/tssB-DS-inter primers. Lane M: DL2000 DNA marker; Lanes 1-45: Tested colonies; P: Positive control (pTL1010-ΔtssB or pDM4K-ΔtssB plasmid); N: Negative control (ddH2O); R1, R2, R3: Biological replicates., figureFileSmall=AmgB18l1ug5PDpOYBgWqkg==, figureFileBig=UVHV5W/Keohb8UH5G8tvog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161148171596728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, language=CN, label=图4, caption=基于 tssB-US-inter/tssB-DS-inter引物的pTL1010-ΔtssB 组第二次同源重组结果对比图。泳道M:DL2000 DNA marker;泳道1-45:测试菌落;P:阳性对照(pTL1010-ΔtssB或pDM4K-ΔtssB质粒);N:阴性对照(ddH2O);R1、R2、R3:生物学重复。, figureFileSmall=AmgB18l1ug5PDpOYBgWqkg==, figureFileBig=UVHV5W/Keohb8UH5G8tvog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161148280648634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Comparison of the second homologous recombination results of the pDM4K-ΔtssB group based on thetssB-US-inter/tssB-DS-inter. A: Screening results with 5% sucrose; B: Screening results with 10% sucrose; C: Screening results with 20% sucrose. Lane M: DL2000 DNA marker; Lanes 1-45: Tested colonies; P: Positive control (pTL1010-ΔtssB or pDM4K-ΔtssB plasmid); N: Negative control (ddH2O); R1, R2, R3: Biological replicates. The same below., figureFileSmall=r2BfnehFClWAGR3yU9sSgw==, figureFileBig=fXQrDSJhwOE49Wkp3AiNVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161148465198011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, language=CN, label=图5, caption=基于 tssB-US-inter/tssB-DS-inter引物的pDM4K-ΔtssB 组第二次同源重组结果对比图。A:5%蔗糖筛选结果;B:10%蔗糖筛选结果;C:20%蔗糖筛选结果。泳道M:DL2000 DNA marker;泳道1-45:测试菌落;P:阳性对照(pTL1010-ΔtssB或pDM4K-ΔtssB质粒);N:阴性对照(ddH2O);R1、R2、R3:生物学重复。下同。, figureFileSmall=r2BfnehFClWAGR3yU9sSgw==, figureFileBig=fXQrDSJhwOE49Wkp3AiNVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161148662330300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Comparison of the second homologous recombination efficiencies between pTL1010-ΔtssB and pDM4K-ΔtssB systems. pTL1010: Efficiency of the pTL1010-ΔtssB system; pDM4K (5% SUC, 10% SUC, 20% SUC): The system efficiency of pDM4K-ΔtssB at sucrose concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 20%. Statistical comparison was performed using an independent-samples t-test; The pTL1010 system efficiency was significantly higher than that of the pDM4K system (** indicates P<0.01). Error bars represent the mean±SD of three independent replicates (n=3)., figureFileSmall=h8W0eegOPTtO/fkRVwBRVg==, figureFileBig=kn7BWBEbxswW0ufiagGgiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161148783965117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, language=CN, label=图6, caption=pTL1010-ΔtssBpDM4K-ΔtssB 系统第二次同源重组效率的比较。pTL1010:pTL1010-ΔtssB系统效率;pDM4K (5% SUC、10% SUC、20% SUC):pDM4K-ΔtssB在蔗糖浓度为5%、10%及20%时的系统效率。采用独立样本t检验比较两组数据;pTL1010系统效率显著高于pDM4K系统(**表示P<0.01)。误差条表示3次独立重复的标准差(均值±SD,n=3)。, figureFileSmall=h8W0eegOPTtO/fkRVwBRVg==, figureFileBig=kn7BWBEbxswW0ufiagGgiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161148855268286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=PCR verification results for the tssB gene knockout in the pTL1010-ΔtssB and pDM4K-ΔtssB groups based on the tssB-del-F/R primers. A and B show PCR amplification results using primers tssB-del-F/R for colonies selected from the pTL1010-ΔtssB and pDM4K-ΔtssB groups, respectively., figureFileSmall=odCTHu2JtyO625pYHSCO/w==, figureFileBig=T1pWLC0Pv2epWrC+fqTAIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161148926571458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, language=CN, label=图7, caption=基于 tssB-del-F/R引物的pTL1010-ΔtssBpDM4K-ΔtssB 组敲除 tssB 基因的PCR验证结果。A:pTL1010-ΔtssBtssB基因敲除的PCR验证结果;B:pDM4K-ΔtssBtssB基因敲除的PCR验证结果。两图中,PCR扩增使用tssB-del-F/R引物。, figureFileSmall=odCTHu2JtyO625pYHSCO/w==, figureFileBig=T1pWLC0Pv2epWrC+fqTAIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161149039817669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Pathogenicity of the tssB gene knockout mutant of Edwardsiella piscicida strain FC2 to zebrafish. A: Survival curves of zebrafish following intraperitoneal injection with WT strain, ΔtssB mutant, or PBS (control) over a 10-day observation period (n=30); B: Representative clinical signs and appearances of zebrafish from each treatment group., figureFileSmall=x2lQlQdbiL4gkl8ZEA126g==, figureFileBig=Xlg0qtOxJiVjwpRJEI2lww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161149136286663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, language=CN, label=图8, caption=杀鱼爱德华氏菌FC2tssB 基因敲除突变株对斑马鱼致病性。A:斑马鱼腹腔注射野生型菌株(WT)、ΔtssB突变株或PBS (对照)后10 d观察期内的生存曲线(n=30);B:各处理组斑马鱼的典型临床症状及外观表现。, figureFileSmall=x2lQlQdbiL4gkl8ZEA126g==, figureFileBig=Xlg0qtOxJiVjwpRJEI2lww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1192161149220172745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

菌株与质粒

Strains and plasmids

说明

Description

来源

Source

Edwardsiella piscicida
FC2Wild type strain isolated from freshwater fish; CamrLaboratory stock
ΔtssBTssB knockout of strain FC2; CamrThis study
Escherichia coli
S17-1 λpirStrain for conjugation of π-requiring plasmids, carrying the λpir gene[11]
Plasmids
pK18mobSacBSuicide vector with sacB counterselection gene; Kanr[11]
pTxe1CTExpression vector with arabinose-inducible T6SS toxin Txe1 from P. plecoglossicida[11]
pDM4Suicide vector with sacB gene; oriR6K; Camr[14]
pDM4KpDM4 derivative with chloramphenicol resistance gene replaced by kanamycin resistance gene; KanrThis study
pTZ1010pDM4K derivative with sacB and upstream promoter replaced by araC-P BAD ::txe1CTD from pTxe1CT; AmprThis study
pTZ1010-ΔtssBpTZ1010 vector containing tssB homologous arms; KanrThis study
), ArticleFig(id=1192161149283087307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究所用菌株及质粒

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

菌株与质粒

Strains and plasmids

说明

Description

来源

Source

Edwardsiella piscicida
FC2Wild type strain isolated from freshwater fish; CamrLaboratory stock
ΔtssBTssB knockout of strain FC2; CamrThis study
Escherichia coli
S17-1 λpirStrain for conjugation of π-requiring plasmids, carrying the λpir gene[11]
Plasmids
pK18mobSacBSuicide vector with sacB counterselection gene; Kanr[11]
pTxe1CTExpression vector with arabinose-inducible T6SS toxin Txe1 from P. plecoglossicida[11]
pDM4Suicide vector with sacB gene; oriR6K; Camr[14]
pDM4KpDM4 derivative with chloramphenicol resistance gene replaced by kanamycin resistance gene; KanrThis study
pTZ1010pDM4K derivative with sacB and upstream promoter replaced by araC-P BAD ::txe1CTD from pTxe1CT; AmprThis study
pTZ1010-ΔtssBpTZ1010 vector containing tssB homologous arms; KanrThis study
), ArticleFig(id=1192161149383750606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Primers used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

引物名称

Primers name

引物序列

Primer sequences (5′→3′)

描述

Description

退火温度

Annealing temperature (℃)

产物大小

Product size (bp)

pDM4-FCCTTCTTGACGAGTTCTTCTGATTTTTTTAAGGCAGTTATTGGTGTo amplify the resistance gene replacement from pDM4606 381
pDM4-RCCCTGAGTGCTTGCGGCAACGTCTCATTTTCGCCAAAAGT
Kan-FAAAATGAGACGTTGCCGCAAGCACTCAGGGCGCAATo amplify the kanamycin resistance gene fragment from pK18mobSacB601 172
Kan-RCAATAACTGCCTTAAAAAAATCAGAAGAACTCGTCAAGAAGGCG
pDM4K-FGCTTGCGGAAACAAATAAAAACGCAAAAGAAAATGCCGATATCTo amplify the suicide plasmid vector pDM4K605 644
pDM4K-RGTCATAATTGGTAATGGGTTAAAAAGGATCTTAAGGCCT
Txe1-FTTTAACCCATTACCAATTATGACAACTTGACGGCTACATCATTCTo amplify the arabinose-induced lethal gene fragments601 671
Txe1-RTTTGCGTTTTTATTTGTTTCCGCAAGCCCCCAGT
tssB-Seq-FCAGCGGTCAACCGACTGCGTo amplify DNA fragments of tssB and its flanking regions from E. piscicida KE5603 091
tssB-Seq-RCTGCGGCTCATAAAGCTGCC
tssB-US-FCGCACTAGTAAGCGTATGCTGATCGCTAAGCAATo amplify the upstream fragment of tssB for overlap PCR60561
tssB-US-RTGTTCGCTCATGGCATGAAGTCATCTCCGTAACATTTCTTACAAC
tssB-DS-FGATGACTTCATGCCATGAGCGAACAGAACTTGCCATo amplify the downstream fragment of tssB for overlap PCR60547
tssB-DS-RAATGTCGACTGTGAGATCTCCTCCAGCAGGAACA
Vec-Ins-FGGGATGTAACGCACTGAGAATo target the backbone of pDM4K/pTL1010551 430
Vec-Ins-RTCCAGTGGCTTCTGTTTCTATC
tssB-US-interCGGATAGTCGAGATTGGAATGAATo test whether the tssB gene was successfully knocked out55386/893
tssB-DS-interTCATGCATAATGGCGGAGAG
tssB-del-FGAAAGCAAGCAGCATACGTTGGATo detect the presence of tssB gene55162
tssB-del-RTTTCAGCTTGGGAAGCGGAGTCG
etfD-FGGTAACCTGATTTGGCGTTCTo verify E. piscicida strains55445
etfD-RGGATCACCTGGATCTTACC
EPFCTTTGATCATGGTTGCGGAATo identify E. piscicida strains58130
EPRCGGCGTTTTCTTTTCTCG
), ArticleFig(id=1192161149505385425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1192149543782330469, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

本研究所用引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

引物名称

Primers name

引物序列

Primer sequences (5′→3′)

描述

Description

退火温度

Annealing temperature (℃)

产物大小

Product size (bp)

pDM4-FCCTTCTTGACGAGTTCTTCTGATTTTTTTAAGGCAGTTATTGGTGTo amplify the resistance gene replacement from pDM4606 381
pDM4-RCCCTGAGTGCTTGCGGCAACGTCTCATTTTCGCCAAAAGT
Kan-FAAAATGAGACGTTGCCGCAAGCACTCAGGGCGCAATo amplify the kanamycin resistance gene fragment from pK18mobSacB601 172
Kan-RCAATAACTGCCTTAAAAAAATCAGAAGAACTCGTCAAGAAGGCG
pDM4K-FGCTTGCGGAAACAAATAAAAACGCAAAAGAAAATGCCGATATCTo amplify the suicide plasmid vector pDM4K605 644
pDM4K-RGTCATAATTGGTAATGGGTTAAAAAGGATCTTAAGGCCT
Txe1-FTTTAACCCATTACCAATTATGACAACTTGACGGCTACATCATTCTo amplify the arabinose-induced lethal gene fragments601 671
Txe1-RTTTGCGTTTTTATTTGTTTCCGCAAGCCCCCAGT
tssB-Seq-FCAGCGGTCAACCGACTGCGTo amplify DNA fragments of tssB and its flanking regions from E. piscicida KE5603 091
tssB-Seq-RCTGCGGCTCATAAAGCTGCC
tssB-US-FCGCACTAGTAAGCGTATGCTGATCGCTAAGCAATo amplify the upstream fragment of tssB for overlap PCR60561
tssB-US-RTGTTCGCTCATGGCATGAAGTCATCTCCGTAACATTTCTTACAAC
tssB-DS-FGATGACTTCATGCCATGAGCGAACAGAACTTGCCATo amplify the downstream fragment of tssB for overlap PCR60547
tssB-DS-RAATGTCGACTGTGAGATCTCCTCCAGCAGGAACA
Vec-Ins-FGGGATGTAACGCACTGAGAATo target the backbone of pDM4K/pTL1010551 430
Vec-Ins-RTCCAGTGGCTTCTGTTTCTATC
tssB-US-interCGGATAGTCGAGATTGGAATGAATo test whether the tssB gene was successfully knocked out55386/893
tssB-DS-interTCATGCATAATGGCGGAGAG
tssB-del-FGAAAGCAAGCAGCATACGTTGGATo detect the presence of tssB gene55162
tssB-del-RTTTCAGCTTGGGAAGCGGAGTCG
etfD-FGGTAACCTGATTTGGCGTTCTo verify E. piscicida strains55445
etfD-RGGATCACCTGGATCTTACC
EPFCTTTGATCATGGTTGCGGAATo identify E. piscicida strains58130
EPRCGGCGTTTTCTTTTCTCG
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基于T6SS毒素Txe1的负筛选系统在杀鱼爱德华氏菌基因组编辑中的应用
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王鹏程 1 , 张明明 1 , 张朝政 1 , 李超 2 , 曹健波 1 , 严小军 1 , 陶震 1
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(10): 4565-4578
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(10): 4565-4578
基于T6SS毒素Txe1的负筛选系统在杀鱼爱德华氏菌基因组编辑中的应用
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王鹏程1, 张明明1, 张朝政1, 李超2, 曹健波1, 严小军1, 陶震1
作者信息
  • 1浙江海洋大学 水产学院,浙江 舟山
  • 2青岛农业大学 海洋科学与工程学院,山东 青岛
Application of a T6SS effector Txe1-based counterselection system for genome editing in Edwardsiella piscicida
Pengcheng WANG1, Mingming ZHANG1, Chaozheng ZHANG1, Chao LI2, Jianbo CAO1, Xiaojun YAN1, Zhen TAO1
Affiliations
  • 1College of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
  • 2School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
出版时间: 2025-09-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250220
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以果聚糖蔗糖酶(sucrose-6-fructosyltransferase, SacB)为基础的双交换同源重组技术虽常用于革兰氏阴性菌基因组编辑,但其负筛选效率在不同菌株间常存在显著差异,部分菌株因代谢特性或基因组组成差异导致效率低下。 【目的】 构建基于VI型分泌系统(T6SS)效应蛋白Txe1的新型负筛选体系,以提升无痕基因组编辑效率。 【方法】 改造传统自杀质粒pDM4,引入卡那霉素抗性基因,获得衍生质粒pDM4K;再以阿拉伯糖诱导型Txe1毒素C端结构域表达盒(araC-PBAD::txe1CTD )替换质粒中的sacB基因,构建新型负筛选质粒pTL1010。以杀鱼爱德华氏菌FC2株毒力相关基因tssB为靶点,系统比较Txe1与SacB系统的负筛选效率。 【结果】 阿拉伯糖诱导下,Txe1系统的负筛选效率达91.1% (假阳性率8.9%),显著优于传统SacB系统(假阳性率100%,P<0.01)。 【结论】 新型Txe1负筛选质粒pTL1010显著提高了杀鱼爱德华氏菌的无痕基因编辑效率,为革兰氏阴性菌精准遗传操作提供了高效新工具。

负筛选标记  /  VI型分泌系统  /  Txe1毒素  /  双交换同源重组  /  杀鱼爱德华氏菌

Double-crossover homologous recombination using the SacB negative selection system is commonly employed for genome editing in Gram-negative bacteria. However, its negative selection efficiency varies significantly across strains, being frequently compromised by differences in metabolic characteristics or genomic composition. [Objective] To develop a novel counterselection system based on the type VI secretion system (T6SS) effector Txe1 to enhance the efficiency of seamless genome editing. [Methods] We first modified the conventional suicide plasmid pDM4 by introducing a kanamycin resistance gene, generating the derivative plasmid pDM4K. Subsequently, we replaced sacB with an l-arabinose-inducible expression cassette encoding the C-terminal domain of Txe1 (araC-PBAD::txe1CTD ), constructing a novel counterselection plasmid pTL1010. Using the virulence gene tssB of Edwardsiella piscicida FC2 as the target, we systematically evaluated and compared the counterselection efficiency of the Txe1 system with that of the conventional SacB system. [Results] Under induction with l-arabinose, the Txe1-based counterselection system achieved the efficiency of 91.1% (false-positive rate of 8.9%), outperforming the SacB system which had a false-positive rate of 100% (P<0.01). [Conclusion] The newly developed Txe1-based counterselection plasmid pTL1010 significantly enhances the efficiency of seamless genome editing in E. piscicida and provides a highly effective tool for precise genetic manipulation in Gram-negative bacteria.

counterselection marker  /  type VI secretion system  /  Txe1 toxin  /  double-crossover homologous recombination  /  Edwardsiella piscicida
王鹏程, 张明明, 张朝政, 李超, 曹健波, 严小军, 陶震. 基于T6SS毒素Txe1的负筛选系统在杀鱼爱德华氏菌基因组编辑中的应用. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (10) : 4565 -4578 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250220
Pengcheng WANG, Mingming ZHANG, Chaozheng ZHANG, Chao LI, Jianbo CAO, Xiaojun YAN, Zhen TAO. Application of a T6SS effector Txe1-based counterselection system for genome editing in Edwardsiella piscicida[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (10) : 4565 -4578 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250220
基因组精准编辑技术对于阐明病原菌致病机制及开发减毒活疫苗至关重要。基于自杀载体的双交换同源重组技术通过2次精确重组实现靶基因无痕替换,因其无外源序列残留的特性,在毒力因子功能鉴定及疫苗工程菌构建中仍具有不可替代的优势[1-2]。然而,该技术的效率受限于负筛选标记的可靠性[3-4]。SacB系统作为经典负筛选标记,依赖SacB在蔗糖存在时催化果聚糖合成,通过渗透压应激诱导细胞裂解[5-6]。然而,由于该系统对代谢途径的依赖性,导致其在部分革兰氏阴性菌中的筛选效率偏低,在副猪嗜血杆菌(Glaesserella parasuis)等病原菌中均有报道[7],进一步表明开发新型负筛选策略的必要性。
近年来,基于细菌分泌蛋白毒素的负筛选策略因其强效杀菌特性受到关注[8]。与SacB依赖宿主代谢途径不同,这些毒素蛋白可直接靶向细胞必需组分(如DNA、细胞膜或翻译系统),通过不可逆损伤实现高效筛选[9-10]。本研究选择了杀香鱼假单胞菌(Pseudomonas plecoglossicida) XSDHY-P VI型分泌系统(type VI secretion system, T6SS)的毒素Txe1,其C端结构域(Txe1CTD)具有核酸酶活性,可诱导宿主细胞死亡[11]。然而,毒素的组成型表达可能导致质粒不稳定或宿主细胞提前裂解,限制了其实际应用。阿拉伯糖诱导型启动子及其调控元件因其低泄漏表达和高诱导效率的特性[12],为毒素基因的精准调控提供了理想工具[8,13]。通过将毒素表达严格限制在筛选阶段,可有效平衡质粒稳定性与筛选压力,避免背景毒性对实验的干扰。
本研究针对杀鱼爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella piscicida) FC2株中SacB系统筛选效率低的问题,构建了以T6SS效应蛋白Txe1为负筛选标记的新型自杀质粒系统。通过将Txe1CTD编码序列置于受l-阿拉伯糖诱导的araBAD启动子(P BAD )下游,实现毒素表达的精准时序控制设计:接合转移阶段可维持低表达以保障质粒稳定性,而在负筛选阶段可通过外源添加阿拉伯糖激活杀伤功能。该系统通过阿拉伯糖诱导调控机制,以期为解决传统SacB系统在杀鱼爱德华氏菌中筛选效率低下的问题提供新的技术路径。
本研究所用菌株及质粒如表1所示。杀鱼爱德华氏菌FC2株分离自印度地区养殖的淡水鱼类,具有氯霉素抗性表型。该菌株由挪威生命科学大学Rakesh Das博士惠赠,并通过特异性引物对EPF/EPR[15]进行PCR扩增验证。杀鱼爱德华氏菌培养于28 ℃胰蛋白胨大豆肉汤(tryptic soy broth, TSB)或胰蛋白胨大豆琼脂(tryptic soy agar, TSA)培养基中。大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) S17-1 λpir菌株用于质粒构建和接合转移实验,培养于37 ℃ LB培养基中。培养基中根据需要添加以下抗生素:氨苄青霉素(Amp,100 μg/mL)、卡那霉素(Kan,50 μg/mL)、氯霉素(Cam,30 μg/mL)。负筛选实验中,pDM4K系统使用质量体积分数5%蔗糖,pTL1010系统使用质量体积分数0.4%的l-阿拉伯糖。
氨苄青霉素、卡那霉素、氯霉素和蔗糖,生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;培养基,青岛高科技工业园海博生物有限公司;l-阿拉伯糖,Sigma-Aldrich公司;2×ES Taq Master Mix、DNA提取试剂盒,江苏康为世纪生物科技股份有限公司;限制性内切酶(SalI-HF、SpeI-HF)、T4 DNA连接酶、Gibson Assembly® Master Mix及Phusion® High-Fidelity PCR Master Mix,NEB公司;FastPure Plasmid Mini Kit,南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司。
本研究所用引物如表2所示,均由上海捷瑞生物工程有限公司合成。
鉴于杀鱼爱德华氏菌FC2株对氯霉素具有天然抗性,本研究首先将pDM4衍生为卡那霉素抗性载体pDM4K。以pK18mobSacB为模板,用Kan-F/R引物扩增卡那霉素抗性基因(kanR)及其上游启动子序列。PCR反应体系(50 µL):2×Phanta Max Master Mix (p515) 25 µL,Kan-F/R引物(10 µmol/L)各2 µL,DNA模板(约100 ng) 1 µL,ddH2O 20 µL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性30 s;95 ℃变性15 s,60 ℃退火15 s,72 ℃延伸1 min,共33个循环;72 ℃终延伸5 min。利用Gibson Assembly克隆技术将该片段与pDM4-F/R线性化的pDM4骨架连接,替换原有的氯霉素抗性基因(camR)及其启动子区,获得自杀质粒pDM4K。通过卡那霉素抗性筛选阳性克隆,并经PCR验证和测序确认插入序列的正确性。
采用Gibson Assembly克隆方法,将pDM4K质粒上的sacB基因及其上游启动子片段替换为从质粒pTxe1CT上扩增得到的araC-pBAD::txe1CTD 片段,构建pTL1010质粒。具体步骤如下:首先,使用引物pDM4K-F/R线性化pDM4K载体;同时,以pTxe1CT为模板,通过引物对Txe1-F/R (序列见表2)扩增araC-pBAD::txe1CTD 片段。该片段包含阿拉伯糖调控元件araC-P BAD 和来自杀香鱼假单胞菌XSDHY-P菌株的T6SS效应蛋白结构域Txe1CTD。其中,araC-P BAD 用于精确控制毒素表达,而Txe1CTD的核酸内切酶活性可导致宿主DNA不可逆降解[11]。将构建完成的pTL1010质粒通过热激法转化至大肠杆菌S17-1 λpir感受态细胞,筛选阳性克隆并进行验证,包括PCR测序确认插入序列的正确性,以及在含质量体积分数0.4%的l-阿拉伯糖的LB平板上验证毒素表型。
本研究首先通过Gibson Assembly克隆技术将pDM4质粒中的氯霉素抗性基因替换为来自pK18mobSacB的卡那霉素抗性基因,成功构建了衍生质粒pDM4K。随后,利用相同方法将pDM4K中的蔗糖负筛选标记基因(sacB)替换为阿拉伯糖诱导型Txe1毒素表达盒araC-PBAD::txe1CTD,最终获得自杀质粒pTL1010 (图1)。该质粒通过AraC/P BAD 系统实现对毒素表达的严格调控,仅在阿拉伯糖诱导条件下激活毒性效应。
从NCBI GenBank数据库获取杀鱼爱德华氏菌KE5菌株基因组序列(GenBank登录号为CP090967.1),作为参考设计引物,扩增tssB基因及其上、下游共约1 200 bp的片段(基因组位置:2 556 888-2 559 978 bp),PCR反应体系(50 µL):2×Phanta Max Master Mix (p515) 25 µL,tssB-US-F/R或tssB-DS-F/R引物(10 µmol/L)各2 µL,DNA模板(约100 ng) 1 µL,ddH2O 20 µL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性15 s,60 ℃退火15 s,72 ℃延伸30 s,共35个循环;72 ℃终延伸5 min。使用引物对tssB-Seq-F/R对FC2菌株基因组中相应片段进行PCR扩增和测序。根据测序结果,设计引物对tssB-US-F/R和tssB-DS-F/R,分别扩增FC2菌株tssB基因上、下游同源臂。通过重叠PCR (overlap PCR)方法融合上、下游同源臂,获得tssB基因敲除盒。将融合片段经SalI-HF和SpeI-HF双酶切后,克隆至经相同酶切处理的载体pDM4K和pTL1010中,分别获得同源重组质粒pDM4K-ΔtssB和pTL1010-ΔtssB,并转化至E. coli S17-1 λpir感受态细胞。使用引物对Vec-Ins-F/R (靶向质粒骨架片段)及tssB-US-inter/tssB-DS-inter (分别靶向tssB基因上、下游同源臂内部)筛选阳性转化子,并通过测序验证敲除盒片段的准确性。
将携带pDM4K-ΔtssB或pTL1010-ΔtssB质粒的E. coli S17-1 λpir菌株(供体菌)在含卡那霉素的LB液体培养基中37 ℃、180 r/min培养12 h,然后以1:100的比例接种到新鲜LB培养基中,培养至对数中期(OD600≈0.6)。同时,将杀鱼爱德华氏菌FC2 (受体菌)在TSB培养基中培养至对数期。分别收集菌液并用无菌PBS洗涤,将供体菌和受体菌按2:1的比例混合,取100 μL混合菌液点种于LB琼脂平板上,28 ℃培养24 h进行接合。将接合后的菌膜刮下,用PBS重悬并进行10倍梯度稀释,取100 μL涂布于含卡那霉素和氯霉素的TSA平板上。随机挑选单菌落,接种至含有900 μL TSB液体培养基的1.5 mL EP管中培养5 h,该培养基中添加了卡那霉素和氯霉素。分别使用杀鱼爱德华氏菌特异性引物etfD-F/R[16]、质粒骨架引物Vec-Ins-F/R及同源臂引物tssB-inter-US/tssB-inter-DS进行PCR鉴定。若etfD-F/R扩增结果为阳性,且Vec-Ins-F/R扩增显示1 430 bp条带,同时tssB-inter-US/tssB-inter-DS扩增获得386 bp (融合片段)和893 bp (野生型基因组) 2个条带,则表明敲除质粒已通过同源重组整合到宿主基因组中(第一次同源重组)。
根据第一次同源重组结果,随机选取3管含有pTL1010-ΔtssB或pDM4K-ΔtssB质粒的杀鱼爱德华氏菌接合子,分别划线接种于质量体积分数 0.4%的l-阿拉伯糖(pTL1010组)或5%蔗糖(pDM4K组)的TSA平板上进行负筛选(第二次同源重组)。每个转接合子划线于一个平板上。从每个平板上随机挑选15个单菌落,接种至TSB培养基中,28 ℃、180 r/min振荡培养4 h。使用引物tssB-US-inter/tssB-DS-inter进行PCR扩增,检测是否发生第二次同源重组。若扩增获得386 bp和893 bp两个条带,表明未发生第二次同源重组;若获得单一893 bp条带,表明第二次同源重组未发生链交换,基因组序列未变化仍为野生型;若获得单一386 bp条带,则为敲除株ΔtssB。同时,使用引物tssB-del-F/R对筛选的菌落进行PCR验证,因tssB基因被敲除,所以PCR验证无条带。
参照已建立的人工感染模型[17],评估杀鱼爱德华氏菌FC2 ΔtssB突变株的毒力。从市场购买健康斑马鱼(体重约0.4 g),在实验室水族箱中驯养一周,水温维持在(28±1) ℃,每日更换1/3体积的水并投喂适量商业饲料。将FC2野生型菌株(WT)和ΔtssB突变株分别接种至TSB培养基中,在28 ℃、180 r/min条件下培养10 h至对数期(OD600≈0.8),用PBS洗涤后重悬至约3×105 CFU/mL。将斑马鱼随机分为3组(每组30尾),通过微量注射技术腹腔注射10 μL细菌悬液或PBS (对照组)。将斑马鱼随机分为3组(每组30尾):WT组、ΔtssB突变株组和PBS对照组。通过微量注射技术腹腔注射10 μL细菌悬液或PBS。注射后,将斑马鱼置于28 ℃水族箱中观察10 d,每日记录死亡率及发病情况。对发病或死亡的斑马鱼进行拍照记录,并取肝脏组织进行病原菌分离鉴定。实验结束后,绘制累积死亡率曲线,并统计分析各组间的差异。本次动物实验得到浙江海洋大学实验动物伦理委员会审查,审批号为2025058。
同源重组效率定义为阳性菌落数占总筛选菌落数的百分比。同源重组效率及负筛选效率采用独立样本t检验分析。毒力实验中,各组斑马鱼的累积死亡率以生存曲线表示,采用log-rank检验比较WT组、ΔtssB组和PBS对照组之间的生存差异。所有统计分析均使用GraphPad Prism (v8.0)软件完成,显著性水平设定为P<0.05。
为验证Txe1毒素表达的可控性,将pTL1010空载体转化至大肠杆菌S17-1 λpir感受态细胞中进行表型分析。结果显示,在仅含卡那霉素(50 μg/mL)的TSA平板上,携带pTL1010的菌株正常生长(图2A);而在同时含卡那霉素和质量体积分数0.4%的l-阿拉伯糖的TSA平板上,菌株生长受到显著抑制(图2B)。阴性对照(未携带质粒的大肠杆菌S17-1 λpir)在含卡那霉素的平板上不生长(图2C),但在质量体积分数0.4%的l-阿拉伯糖的平板上正常生长(图2D)。上述结果表明,pTL1010携带的araC-PBAD::txe1CTD 系统可有效实现阿拉伯糖诱导的毒素表达调控。上述结果表明,pTL1010携带的araC-PBAD::txe1CTD 系统可有效实现阿拉伯糖诱导的毒素表达调控。
通过双亲接合转移法,将携带pDM4K-ΔtssB或pTL1010-ΔtssB质粒的大肠杆菌S17-1 λpir供体菌与杀鱼爱德华氏菌FC2受体菌进行共培养。从接合后菌苔涂板中随机挑选22个克隆进行PCR鉴定,结果显示所有克隆的etfD-F/R扩增均为阳性,且Vec-Ins-F/R扩增显示1 430 bp条带,同时tssB-US-inter/tssB-DS-inter扩增获得386 bp (融合片段)和893 bp (野生型基因组) 2个条带(图3)。两组质粒的接合效率无显著差异,表明将sacB替换为araC-PBAD::txe1CTD 未显著影响质粒的转移或基因组整合效率。
本研究通过平行实验比较了Txe1毒素系统(pTL1010-ΔtssB)与SacB系统(pDM4K-ΔtssB)的二次同源重组效率。每组设置3个独立生物学重复(n=3×15),分别在0.4% l-阿拉伯糖(pTL1010组)和蔗糖(pDM4K组)条件下进行负筛选,由于蔗糖浓度的高低可能影响SacB系统的筛选效率,因此本研究分别在蔗糖浓度为5%、10%及20%的条件下进行第二次同源重组。假阳性率定义为未发生二次重组的菌落数占总检测菌落数的比例。实验结果显示,采用tssB-US-inter/tssB-DS-inter引物扩增,pTL1010组每个重复中少于2个菌落显示出未完成第二次同源重组的特征(图4),而pDM4K (5%、10%、20%)组全部菌落均显示出该特征(图5)。pTL1010组的第二次重组阳性率为(91.1±6.3)%,显著高于pDM4K组(5%、10%、20%)的0 (P<0.01) (图6)。此外,靶向tssB基因的tssB-del-F/R引物扩增结果进一步证实,未显示162 bp单条带的菌落为ΔtssB缺失株(图7)。这些结果表明,Txe1毒素系统显著提高了负筛选效率,降低了假阳性率。
为了验证tssB基因敲除对杀鱼爱德华氏菌毒力的影响,开展了斑马鱼的人工感染实验。实验设PBS对照组、ΔtssB突变株组和WT菌株组,每组30尾斑马鱼。结果显示,ΔtssB突变株组致死率(3.3%)显著低于WT组累计死亡率60% (P<0.05) (图8A),且ΔtssB突变株组实验过程中仅1尾死亡,病原菌分离未检出杀鱼爱德华氏菌,而WT菌株组死亡斑马鱼腹腔中均检出杀鱼爱德华氏菌。实验观察期间,PBS组和ΔtssB突变株组斑马鱼无显著病变,活动正常;WT组出现腹部膨胀、腹腔积液,伴有食欲不振、游动缓慢等症状(图8B)。这些结果表明tssB基因敲除显著降低菌株毒力。
本研究成功构建了基于杀香鱼假单胞菌T6SS毒素Txe1的新型负筛选系统重组质粒pTL1010,有效克服并解决了传统SacB系统在杀鱼爱德华氏菌等特定革兰氏阴性菌中筛选效率低下的问题。实验结果表明,在0.4%阿拉伯糖诱导条件下,Txe1毒素系统的负筛选效率达到91.1%,显著优于传统SacB系统(0),为革兰氏阴性菌的无痕基因组精准编辑提供了高效且可靠的新工具。
目前,在爱德华氏菌基因敲除研究中基于SacB系统的同源重组技术是应用最为广泛的基因敲除策略[18-19]。近年来,CRISPR/Cas9系统开始被引入该领域[20-21],其模块化的靶向编辑能力显著提升了基因操作效率。然而,该技术的规模化应用仍面临技术壁垒,在中小规模研究中sgRNA文库构建及Cas9蛋白表达体系的优化成本显著高于传统方法。相比之下,基于pDM4等载体的SacB同源重组敲除方法,其核心SacB负筛选系统的有效性通常受到宿主菌株遗传背景及其代谢状态的严格限制[7,22]。本研究发现杀鱼爱德华氏菌FC2株对SacB筛选表现出完全的不敏感性,假阳性率高达100%,这一现象与Khetrapal等于2015年报道的革兰氏阴性菌逃逸SacB筛选的结果相符,宿主菌的内源性果聚糖酶活性、sacB基因突变以及细胞外多糖屏障等因素均可能导致SacB系统的蔗糖代谢途径失效[13]。此外,有研究报道副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis)和巴斯德氏菌(Pasteurella multocida)等多种病原菌也对SacB负筛选表现出不同程度的天然耐受性[7,23],进一步印证了该系统的局限性。
为突破SacB系统的这些局限,研究人员开发了多种基于细菌毒素的负筛选系统,如靶向DNA旋转酶GyrA的ccdB、mRNA内切酶mazFmqsR,以及其他分泌系统毒力效应因子等,这些毒素系统能够快速作用于宿主菌细胞内的核酸、蛋白质或细胞膜等关键组分,显著提高第二次同源重组过程的筛选效率[24-25]。Luo等[26]在2015年发现并验证了源自拟态弧菌(Vibrio mimicus)的全新毒素-抗毒素系统vmi480/vmi470,并将vmi480毒素应用于自杀载体,在多种弧菌中建立了通用的负筛选平台。Lazarus等[27]于2019年开发了pTOX系列质粒系统,通过rhaBAD启动子控制的多种毒素基因成功应用于多种革兰氏阴性菌的基因敲除。本研究采用了来源于杀香鱼假单胞菌的T6SS效应蛋白Txe1[11]作为负筛选标记,首次应用于细菌基因组编辑。Txe1的C端结构域具有核酸酶活性,可迅速降解宿主DNA,引起细胞不可逆死亡,从分子机制上避免了因宿主代谢适应导致的抗性产生。此外,毒素系统的模块化设计使得该系统具有跨物种的适用性,减少了针对不同宿主菌株繁琐的优化过程。
精准诱导表达调控是保证负筛选系统有效实施的重要环节。本研究中采用了AraC/PBAD诱导系统实现Txe1毒素基因表达的精准时序调控。该系统具有低基础表达特性(泄漏率<0.1%),确保了质粒在常规培养条件下的稳定性[28],避免了组成型表达导致的宿主提前裂解或毒素突变。同时,通过在负筛选阶段严格添加外源阿拉伯糖诱导毒素表达,使毒性作用仅在筛选目标阶段发挥,进一步增强了系统的有效性和精确性。然而,值得注意的是,部分菌株可能因ABC转运系统的差异而表现出对阿拉伯糖的吸收效率降低,未来可通过在质粒上共表达阿拉伯糖转运蛋白AraE以促进诱导剂的跨膜运输效率[29]。此外,若某些菌株具备代谢分解阿拉伯糖的能力,也可以通过优化启动子系统(如使用鼠李糖诱导系统[30])进一步提升系统的普适性。
综上所述,本研究构建的基于T6SS毒素Txe1的新型负筛选质粒pTL1010显著提高了杀鱼爱德华氏菌基因组无痕编辑的效率,为革兰氏阴性菌的遗传操作提供了高效且通用的技术工具,具有广泛的应用潜力。
  • 国家自然科学基金(42376108)
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2025年第65卷第10期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250220
  • 接收时间:2025-03-19
  • 首发时间:2025-11-03
  • 出版时间:2025-09-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-19
  • 录用日期:2025-05-28
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the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42376108)
国家自然科学基金(42376108)
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    1浙江海洋大学 水产学院,浙江 舟山
    2青岛农业大学 海洋科学与工程学院,山东 青岛
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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