Article(id=1297571087458521769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1297570992835023717, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260142, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1771171200000, receivedDateStr=2026-02-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1774281600000, acceptedDateStr=2026-03-24, onlineDate=1787294654955, onlineDateStr=2026-08-21, pubDate=1785772800000, pubDateStr=2026-08-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1787294654955, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1787294654955, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1787294654955, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1297570992835023717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='8', pageStart='3681', pageEnd='4288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785772800000', pubDateStr='2026-08-04', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1787294632395, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1787294931551, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1297572247670124783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1297570992835023717, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1297572247670124784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1297570992835023717, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4199, endPage=4214, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1297571087664042666, articleId=1297571087458521769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Diversity and spatial distribution patterns of antioxidant function-related genes in prokaryotes: a case study of the Lasha Mountain watershed, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Microbial antioxidant functions hold significant application potential in the development of holistic health resources, yet their spatial distribution patterns across continuous ecological gradients remain poorly understood. [Objective] To analyze the diversity and spatial distribution characteristics of antioxidant function-related genes in prokaryotes within the Lasha Mountain watershed. [Methods] A spatially exhaustive nine-grid sampling strategy was employed, with 117 sampling points established across the watershed and its 12 sub-basins. PICRUSt2 was used for functional prediction based on high-throughput sequencing data of the 16S rRNA gene. [Results] A total of 38 genes associated with antioxidant compound synthesis were identified and categorized into 12 functional groups. The diversity and total abundance of antioxidant function-related genes were unevenly distributed within the Lasha Mountain watershed, with the downstream region exhibiting higher gene diversity and abundance. The genes associated with non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds dominated both in functional category richness (7 categories) and abundance (0.005 270-0.007 657), with glutathione and thioredoxin genes exhibiting the highest abundance. The overall abundance variation of individual genes (CV=125.85) primarily originated within sub-basins (CV=77.23). After the antioxidant function-related genes were classified by synthesized compounds, the pattern of variation reversed. [Conclusion] The antioxidant function-related genes of prokaryotes exhibit spatial distribution differences in the watershed, and the downstream area—characterized by multiple coupled stress conditions—is a hotspot for the diversity and total abundance of such genes. This study provides an ecological basis for the targeted screening of high-quality antioxidant strains.

, authors=Rui AN1, 2, 4, Yaoquan YANG1, 2, 4, Faping ZHOU2, 4, Xiaoyan YANG1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, authorsList=Rui AN, Yaoquan YANG, Faping ZHOU, Xiaoyan YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaoyan YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1297571091019485884, articleId=1297571087458521769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=原核生物抗氧化功能基因的多样性及空间分布格局——以拉沙山小流域为例, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

微生物抗氧化功能在大健康资源开发领域极具应用前景,但现阶段其在连续生态梯度下的空间分布规律尚不清晰。 【目的】 解析拉沙山流域原核生物抗氧化功能基因的多样性及空间分布特征。 【方法】 采用空间全覆盖九宫格采样策略,在流域及其12个亚流域共布设117个样点。基于16S rRNA基因高通量测序数据,结合PICRUSt2进行功能预测。 【结果】 共鉴定出38个与抗氧化物质合成相关的基因,归为12个功能类别。抗氧化基因的多样性与总丰度在拉沙山流域内呈非均匀分布,下游为基因种类与丰度的高值区。非酶抗氧化物质相关基因在功能类别数量与丰度上占主导地位(7类,0.005 270-0.007 657),其中谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH)和硫氧还蛋白(thioredoxin, Trx)相关基因丰度最高。单基因整体丰度差异(CV=125.85)主要源于亚流域内部(CV=77.23);将抗氧化基因按合成物质归类后,变异特征发生逆转。 【结论】 原核生物抗氧化功能基因在流域内存在空间分布差异,具有多重胁迫耦合特征的流域下游是抗氧化基因多样性与总丰度的热点区。本研究可为优质抗氧化菌株的定向筛选提供生态学依据。

, authors=安睿1, 2, 4, 杨耀权1, 2, 4, 周发平2, 4, 杨晓燕1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, authorsList=安睿, 杨耀权, 周发平, 杨晓燕, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨晓燕, authorNote=

作者贡献声明

安睿:结果分析、稿件的撰写和修改;杨耀权:实验设计、样品采集、稿件的撰写和修改;周发平:样品采集;杨晓燕:基金获取、项目管理、实验设计、实验指导、结果分析、稿件的撰写和修改。

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2.大理大学,东喜玛拉雅研究院,云南 大理
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2.大理大学,东喜玛拉雅研究院,云南 大理
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caption=Three-dimensional topographic map of the study area. The red box indicates the study area. The map of Yunnan Province is based on the standard map with map approval number GS(2024)0650; The boundaries of the study area have been annotated on this map, whilst the boundaries of the base map remain unchanged; The review number for the 3D topographic map of the Lasha River Basin is Yun S (2026) No. 15., figureFileSmall=sOJ1//ZBr054DGV+SX5kZw==, figureFileBig=yFP4m2N5s2uTRfnmr/tLkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571095893267193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571087458521769, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究区域三维地貌图, figureFileSmall=sOJ1//ZBr054DGV+SX5kZw==, figureFileBig=yFP4m2N5s2uTRfnmr/tLkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571096069427962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571087458521769, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Distribution of sampling points and delineation of sub-basins in the study area. The main channel flows from west to east; Schematic Map of the Lasha River Basin; Review No. Yun S (2026) 15. A: Spatial distribution map of sampling points; B: Sub-basin delineation map., figureFileSmall=FSzMIyUY/OGJ4MjtHc1VTQ==, figureFileBig=Xg5lgDbmT85UELLbvni4jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571096157508347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571087458521769, language=CN, label=图2, caption=研究区样点分布与亚流域划分, figureFileSmall=FSzMIyUY/OGJ4MjtHc1VTQ==, figureFileBig=Xg5lgDbmT85UELLbvni4jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571096245588732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571087458521769, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Hotspot distribution map of total abundance of antioxidant functional genes in prokaryotic microorganisms within the Lasha Mountain watershed. 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A: Observed Richness value; B: Shannon index; C: Simpson index; D: Pielou’s evenness index., figureFileSmall=hyaCgOugTXR9Arl/SDZ6Cw==, figureFileBig=b30Vqp56eDFFQ01XKJcf+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571096463692543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571087458521769, language=CN, label=图4, caption=38个抗氧化基因α多样性指数分布, figureFileSmall=hyaCgOugTXR9Arl/SDZ6Cw==, figureFileBig=b30Vqp56eDFFQ01XKJcf+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571096551772928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571087458521769, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Spatial distribution of total abundance for three major categories of antioxidant genes. Schematic map of the Lasha River Basin; Review No. Yun S (2026) 15. A: Enzymes; B: Non-enzymes; C: Regulatory factors of oxidative stress response., figureFileSmall=6m7Q0/4gabni4k5Ne0rnuQ==, figureFileBig=ZqBpwqWvIYx4v15mutiGIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571096610493185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571087458521769, language=CN, label=图5, caption=三大类抗氧化基因总丰度空间分布, figureFileSmall=6m7Q0/4gabni4k5Ne0rnuQ==, figureFileBig=ZqBpwqWvIYx4v15mutiGIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571096690184962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571087458521769, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Relative contribution of 12 functional categories to total antioxidant gene abundance., figureFileSmall=GybmBGxNPd/Up5lR6WsSsA==, figureFileBig=J1PBUHe9KJXz/TDZiXCPZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571096753099523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571087458521769, language=CN, label=图6, caption=12类功能类别在总抗氧化基因丰度中的相对占比, figureFileSmall=GybmBGxNPd/Up5lR6WsSsA==, figureFileBig=J1PBUHe9KJXz/TDZiXCPZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1297571096811819780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1297571087458521769, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Partial distribution of antioxidant gene categories. 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原核生物抗氧化功能基因的多样性及空间分布格局——以拉沙山小流域为例
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安睿 1, 2, 4 , 杨耀权 1, 2, 4 , 周发平 2, 4 , 杨晓燕 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(8): 4199-4214
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微生物学报 |研究报告 2026 , 66 (8) : 4199 -4214
原核生物抗氧化功能基因的多样性及空间分布格局——以拉沙山小流域为例
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4.大理大学,交叉科学中心,云南 大理
5.三江并流区域生物多样性保护与利用云南省创新团队,云南 大理
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安睿1, 2, 4, 杨耀权1, 2, 4, 周发平2, 4, 杨晓燕1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
作者信息
  • 1.大理大学,天然抗氧化剂与抗氧化炎症研究院,云南 大理
  • 2.大理大学,东喜玛拉雅研究院,云南 大理
  • 3.云岭滇金丝猴云南省野外科学观测研究站,云南 大理
  • 4.大理大学,交叉科学中心,云南 大理
  • 5.三江并流区域生物多样性保护与利用云南省创新团队,云南 大理
  • 6.中国三江并流区域生物多样性协同创新中心,云南 大理
通讯作者:
杨晓燕
作者简介:

作者贡献声明

安睿:结果分析、稿件的撰写和修改;杨耀权:实验设计、样品采集、稿件的撰写和修改;周发平:样品采集;杨晓燕:基金获取、项目管理、实验设计、实验指导、结果分析、稿件的撰写和修改。

Diversity and spatial distribution patterns of antioxidant function-related genes in prokaryotes: a case study of the Lasha Mountain watershed
Rui AN1, 2, 4, Yaoquan YANG1, 2, 4, Faping ZHOU2, 4, Xiaoyan YANG1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Natural Antioxidants and Anti-Inflammation, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
  • 2.Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
  • 3.Yunling Black-and-White Snub-nosed Monkey Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Dali, Yunnan, China
  • 4.Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
  • 5.The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali, Yunnan, China
  • 6.Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali, Yunnan, China
  • Corresponding Author:
出版时间: 2026-08-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260142
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微生物抗氧化功能在大健康资源开发领域极具应用前景,但现阶段其在连续生态梯度下的空间分布规律尚不清晰。 【目的】 解析拉沙山流域原核生物抗氧化功能基因的多样性及空间分布特征。 【方法】 采用空间全覆盖九宫格采样策略,在流域及其12个亚流域共布设117个样点。基于16S rRNA基因高通量测序数据,结合PICRUSt2进行功能预测。 【结果】 共鉴定出38个与抗氧化物质合成相关的基因,归为12个功能类别。抗氧化基因的多样性与总丰度在拉沙山流域内呈非均匀分布,下游为基因种类与丰度的高值区。非酶抗氧化物质相关基因在功能类别数量与丰度上占主导地位(7类,0.005 270-0.007 657),其中谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH)和硫氧还蛋白(thioredoxin, Trx)相关基因丰度最高。单基因整体丰度差异(CV=125.85)主要源于亚流域内部(CV=77.23);将抗氧化基因按合成物质归类后,变异特征发生逆转。 【结论】 原核生物抗氧化功能基因在流域内存在空间分布差异,具有多重胁迫耦合特征的流域下游是抗氧化基因多样性与总丰度的热点区。本研究可为优质抗氧化菌株的定向筛选提供生态学依据。

大健康  /  流域  /  功能微生物  /  空间分布  /  资源开发

Microbial antioxidant functions hold significant application potential in the development of holistic health resources, yet their spatial distribution patterns across continuous ecological gradients remain poorly understood. [Objective] To analyze the diversity and spatial distribution characteristics of antioxidant function-related genes in prokaryotes within the Lasha Mountain watershed. [Methods] A spatially exhaustive nine-grid sampling strategy was employed, with 117 sampling points established across the watershed and its 12 sub-basins. PICRUSt2 was used for functional prediction based on high-throughput sequencing data of the 16S rRNA gene. [Results] A total of 38 genes associated with antioxidant compound synthesis were identified and categorized into 12 functional groups. The diversity and total abundance of antioxidant function-related genes were unevenly distributed within the Lasha Mountain watershed, with the downstream region exhibiting higher gene diversity and abundance. The genes associated with non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds dominated both in functional category richness (7 categories) and abundance (0.005 270-0.007 657), with glutathione and thioredoxin genes exhibiting the highest abundance. The overall abundance variation of individual genes (CV=125.85) primarily originated within sub-basins (CV=77.23). After the antioxidant function-related genes were classified by synthesized compounds, the pattern of variation reversed. [Conclusion] The antioxidant function-related genes of prokaryotes exhibit spatial distribution differences in the watershed, and the downstream area—characterized by multiple coupled stress conditions—is a hotspot for the diversity and total abundance of such genes. This study provides an ecological basis for the targeted screening of high-quality antioxidant strains.

holistic health  /  watershed  /  functional microorganism  /  spatial distribution  /  resource development
安睿, 杨耀权, 周发平, 杨晓燕. 原核生物抗氧化功能基因的多样性及空间分布格局——以拉沙山小流域为例. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (8) : 4199 -4214 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260142
Rui AN, Yaoquan YANG, Faping ZHOU, Xiaoyan YANG. Diversity and spatial distribution patterns of antioxidant function-related genes in prokaryotes: a case study of the Lasha Mountain watershed[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (8) : 4199 -4214 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260142
在“健康中国2030”背景下[1],慢性非传染性疾病防控已成为公共健康领域的重要议题[2]。氧化应激被认为是其发生发展的关键机制之一[3-4],因此开发安全、高效的抗氧化干预手段具有重要现实意义[5]。抗氧化物质可清除活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)、延缓衰老并预防氧化应激相关疾病,已广泛应用于食品、医药和化妆品等领域[6-8]。随着天然抗ROS氧化剂市场需求持续增长,来源安全、功能稳定的新型抗氧化资源开发成为研究热点[9-10]。相较于存在潜在副作用的合成抗氧化剂[11-13],以及生产效率和资源稳定性受限的动植物源抗氧化剂[14],微生物因代谢多样性高、环境适应能力强、易于培养且可规模化生产等优势[15-17],成为天然抗氧化资源开发的重要潜在来源,在大健康领域具有良好应用前景[18]
微生物源抗氧化资源开发的核心在于高效获取功能菌株[19],但当前仍多依赖随机分离与活性检测,存在效率低、周期长、命中率不高等问题[20-21],亟需发展基于生态规律的定向筛选策略。微生物生态学研究表明,环境因子可驱动微生物群落结构与功能的空间分异[22-23],氧化还原状态、污染水平和营养条件等会对微生物抗氧化相关功能产生选择压力,进而影响功能类群分布格局[20,24-26]。因此,从空间分布角度解析微生物抗氧化功能不仅有助于揭示其生态分异机制,也有望通过识别功能热点区域提升定向筛选效率。然而,目前相关研究仍多聚焦于单一菌株筛选,针对微生物抗氧化功能空间分布规律的系统研究较为缺乏,尤其在流域这类连续生态梯度系统中更为薄弱。
开展此类研究的关键在于选择合适的功能表征指标。抗氧化功能基因可作为表征微生物抗氧化潜力的重要生物标志物[27]。(1)从分子功能看,该类基因直接参与ROS清除、氧化还原稳态维持及氧化胁迫响应调控,是微生物实施抗氧化策略的重要遗传基础;(2)从生态指示属性看,群落中相关基因的组成、多样性及丰度变化,既能反映微生物潜在抗氧化功能强弱,也可在一定程度上指示其对环境氧化胁迫的响应与适应过程。与传统评价指标相比,抗氧化功能基因具有明显优势:相较于仅反映分类组成的物种信息,其更能直接表征功能属性[28];相较于依赖分离培养的单菌株活性测定,其可覆盖大量未培养微生物,适用于复杂环境中群落整体抗氧化潜力的高通量评估[29];相较于单一酶活或代谢物指标,其可整合酶促、非酶抗氧化及调控机制等多层面信息[28]。尽管基因层面信息主要反映潜在功能而非即时表达水平,但在大尺度空间比较、功能热点识别及资源初筛中仍具有较好的稳定性与可比性。
流域生态系统具有连续的环境梯度、明确的生态边界以及水陆耦合的物质循环与能量流动特征;同时,流域内部层级分明的亚流域结构使其能够在同一生态框架下实现单元对比分析。因此,流域是研究微生物抗氧化功能空间分布格局的理想单元[30-32]。基于此,本研究以拉沙山流域为研究对象,结合系统空间采样、16S rRNA基因高通量测序和PICRUSt2功能预测,系统解析原核生物抗氧化功能基因的多样性特征与空间分布格局,重点回答以下问题:抗氧化功能基因在流域尺度上的多样性及空间分布特征如何?不同抗氧化策略相关基因是否存在分布差异?其空间变异主要来源于哪些因素?本研究结果以期为微生物抗氧化资源的生态指向性挖掘提供理论依据,并为抗氧化功能菌株的定向筛选提供科学支撑。
研究区域位于云南省怒江傈僳族自治州兰坪县云岭省级自然保护区拉沙山(26°20′N, 99°15′E),地处横断山脉南缘,是青藏高原向云贵高原过渡的关键地带(图1)。该区域山势陡峭,海拔梯度显著(2 400-4 000 m),呈现明显的垂直地带性分布特征。气候属亚热带高原季风气候,干湿季分明,年均降雨量约910 mm,集中于5-10月。植被类型丰富,包括高海拔暗针叶林、中海拔针阔混交林、中低海拔阔叶落叶林及低海拔常绿阔叶林。作为横断山脉典型山地流域,该区域保留了较完整的原始森林生态系统,是开展山地生态功能研究的代表性区域[33]
为揭示拉沙山流域原核生物抗氧化功能基因的多样性与空间分布格局,本研究采用九宫格采样策略[34],在流域范围内进行空间均匀布设(图2A)。
在流域整体尺度上布设9个基础样点以获取宏观背景信息。同时选取12条具有空间代表性的主要支流,以其集水区为单元划分为12个亚流域(图2B),各亚流域内按九宫格法分别布设9个样点,网格间距依据实际面积进行调整。排除重叠样点后,最终确定111个有效样点。
各样点采用五点混合法进行采样[35]。陆域样点采样前清除表层落叶及碎石;水域样点筛除可见杂质后,采集0-20 cm深度的土壤或沉积物。每个样点5个子样混合为1个复合样品,置于无菌锡纸袋中带回实验室,并于-80 ℃保存备用。
采用第二代测序技术中的扩增子测序技术,对16S rRNA基因V3-V4区域片段进行测序。使用E.Z.N.A.® Soil DNA Kit (Omega Bio-tek公司)提取样品总DNA。DNA浓度与纯度通过NanoDrop (ThermoFisher Scientific公司)检测,并采用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳验证DNA完整性[36]。采用引物338F (5′-ACTCCTACGGGAGG CAGCAG-3′)和806R (5′-GGACTACHVGGGTW TCTAAT-3′)扩增原核生物16S rRNA基因。PCR反应体系(20 μL):5×FastPfu Buffer 4 μL,dNTPs (2.5 mmol/L) 2 μL,正、反向引物(5 μmol/L)各0.8 μL,FastPfu DNA Polymerase (5 U/μL) 0.4 μL,模板DNA 10 ng,补充ddH2O至20 μL。PCR反应程序:95 ℃ 3 min;95 ℃ 30 s,55 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 30 s,共27个循环;72 ℃ 10 min (PCR仪,ThermoFisher Scientific公司)[37]
PCR产物经2%琼脂糖凝胶回收后,使用AxyPrep DNA Gel Extraction Kit (Axygen Biosciences公司)纯化,并通过QuantiFluorTM-ST (Promega公司)进行定量。根据Illumina NovaSeq平台标准流程构建PE250文库并进行双端测序。
原始fastq文件通过QIIME 2进行处理[38]。采用DADA2插件进行质量控制、去噪、拼接及嵌合体去除,生成扩增子序列变体(amplicon sequence variant, ASV)特征表[39]。ASV代表序列比对至预训练的Greengenes数据库进行物种注释,置信度阈值设为70%[40]。同时剔除非细菌序列用于后续分析。
基于ASV特征表,使用PICRUSt2工具预测原核生物综合型代谢功能谱[28]。所有样点功能基因相对丰度经归一化处理,使每个样点功能基因总和为1。
共注释获得8 080个Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG)功能基因。进一步筛选与抗氧化物质合成相关的基因,共鉴定38个抗氧化功能基因,归为12个功能类别。(1)抗氧化酶类基因:超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase, PRX)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)。(2)非酶抗氧化相关基因:硫氧还蛋白(thioredoxin, Trx)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH)、谷氧还蛋白(glutaredoxin, Grx)、类胡萝卜素(carotenoids, CAR)、生育酚(vitamin E, VE)、β-羟基丁酸(β-hydroxybutyrate, β-HB)、热休克蛋白(heat shock protein, HtpX)。(3)氧化应激响应调控因子:ferric uptake regulator (Fur)家族及lysR-type transcriptional regulator (LysR)家族转录调控因子 [数据已上传ScienceDB数据库(https://www.scidb.cn),CSTR编号为31253.11.sciencedb.31874]。
采用α多样性指数评估样本内抗氧化基因多样性,包括Observed Richness (基因类别数)、Shannon指数、Simpson指数(1-D)及Pielou均匀度指数。通过变异系数(coefficient of variation, CV)及单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)比较不同样点及亚流域间抗氧化基因丰度差异。空间插值分析采用QGIS软件,基于普通克里金(Ordinary Kriging)方法对基因丰度及多样性指标进行空间插值,生成连续分布图。根据插值结果识别暖色高值区(热点区)与冷色低值区,所有地图统一空间参考系统与图例规范。
拉沙山流域原核生物抗氧化功能基因总相对丰度在空间上并非均匀分布(图3)。总相对丰度范围为0.009 343-0.012 460。高值区域主要集中于流域北部,尤以在下游区域表现更为明显;低值区域分布相对分散。
为解析拉沙山流域原核生物抗氧化功能基因的多样性特征,本研究基于111个样点的38个抗氧化功能基因进行了α多样性分析,包括Observed Richness指数(基因数)、Shannon指数、Simpson指数(1-D)和Pielou均匀度指数,已上传ScienceDB数据库(https://cstr.cn/31253.11.sciencedb.31874),CSTR编号为31253.11.sciencedb.31874。结果表明,拉沙山流域原核生物群落的抗氧化功能基因整体具有较高的丰富度与均匀度。
具体而言,各样点的Observed Richness值介于29-37之间,空间分布上存在基因数量的差异,下游区域拥有相对较高的基因数量。此外,各亚流域内9个样点存在颜色差异,提示抗氧化功能基因多样性具有空间异质性。
Shannon指数与Simpson指数的变化范围分别为2.818-3.121和0.925-0.950,整体数值较高且变异幅度较小,说明各样点基因丰富度和均匀度总体较为均衡。
Pielou均匀度指数介于0.823-0.925之间,接近理论最大值1,表明各样点内不同抗氧化基因的丰度分布较为均匀。高均匀度区域主要聚集在流域南侧,反映出该区域不存在单一或少数基因占主导的情况(图4)。
三大类抗氧化基因总丰度对比显示,非酶抗氧化物质相关基因总丰度最高,其值介于0.005 270-0.007 657之间,高于抗氧化酶类基因(0.001 480-0.003 293)与氧化应激响应调控因子基因(0.001 446-0.002 213)。根据非酶抗氧化物质基因的丰度热点来看,高值区域分布在流域下游区域(图5)。
进一步对12个抗氧化功能类别进行空间分布与相对贡献分析(图6图7,CSTR编号为31253.11.sciencedb.31874)。在12个功能类别中,GSH (0.001 320-0.003 443)与Trx (0.002 168-0.002 697)相对丰度较高,提示其可能在流域原核生物抗氧化体系中占据重要地位。相较之下,酶类抗氧化基因丰度整体偏低且区间相近,包括SOD (0.000 576-0.001 224)、PRX (0.000 521-0.001 375)和CAT (0.000 454-0.001 302)。氧化应激响应调控因子(Fur:0.001 016-0.001 767;LysR:0.000 283-0.000 689)处于中等丰度水平。部分非酶类基因如VE和β-HB丰度极低,在部分样点中相对丰度为0或接近0。
值得注意的是,GSH与SOD作为生物体内高度保守且广泛存在的核心抗氧化防御物质,其丰度热点均集中分布于流域下游区域。
将38个基因归并为12个功能类别后,Observed Richness值(功能类别数)介于10-12之间,其中包含全部12个类别的样点数量最多。Shannon指数与Simpson指数分别为2.078-2.149和0.848-0.867,Pielou均匀度为0.836-0.933 (图8,CSTR编号为31253.11.sciencedb.31874)。尽管Observed Richness空间热点不如单基因层面清晰,但Pielou均匀度的高值区仍主要聚集于流域南侧,与单基因层面的均匀度空间格局一致。
为进一步刻画抗氧化功能的空间分异特征,本研究基于38个抗氧化基因丰度数据,比较其在12个亚流域间及流域内部的变异水平。
结果显示,抗氧化基因的总体变异系数(overall CV=125.85)主要由亚流域内部变异贡献(within-Group CV=77.23),而非亚流域之间(between-Group CV=48.62)。这说明亚流域内部的微环境差异可能是驱动抗氧化基因丰度波动的主要来源。尽管有15个基因表现为亚流域间变异高于亚流域内变异,但若干基因如K03674、K13279、K02293、K09834、K03675、K11187、K05910等的亚流域内变异系数远高于亚流域间,从而主导整体变异趋势(CSTR编号为31253.11.sciencedb.31874)。
尽管总变异以亚流域内部变异为主,但单因素方差分析显示,仍有25个基因在亚流域间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。其中,基因K12502 (VE合成相关基因)在亚流域间差异最为显著(P=1.58×10-5),但该基因丰度极低(0-0.000 001),其高变异可能源于流域内部分样点的零星分布(CSTR编号为31253.11.sciencedb.31874)。
进一步分析亚流域内部变异发现,有9个基因的平均变异系数超过100,涉及VE (K09834、K012502)、β-HB (K18122)、部分Grx (K03674、K03675)、PRX (K11187、K13279)、CAR (K02293)及Fur家族(K02076)相关基因。其中K03674在所有亚流域内均表现出极高变异(CV均>100),提示其可能对环境差异较为敏感;而Trx相关基因(K00384)在各亚流域内丰度最为稳定(平均CV=6.563),表明其受局部环境异质性影响相对较小(CSTR编号为31253.11.sciencedb.31874)。
将38个抗氧化基因归并为12个功能类别后,变异模式发生变化。总体变异系数下降(Overall CV=46.223),同时亚流域间的平均变异系数(between-group CV=25.727)高于亚流域内部变异(within-group CV=20.496),与单基因层面的结果呈相反趋势,提示功能基因的归类可能模糊了单基因水平的细微差异特征。尽管如此,Grx、GSH、β-HB与Trx等类别仍表现为亚流域内变异略高于亚流域间变异,与单基因层面结论具有一定一致性(CSTR编号为31253.11.sciencedb.31874)。
方差分析结果表明,12个功能类别在不同亚流域间均存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中LysR和PRX类别的组间差异最为显著,P值分别为2.73×10-7与3.22×10-7 (CSTR编号为31253.11.sciencedb.31874)。
进一步分析亚流域内部变异,VE与β-HB类别的平均CV均超过100,与相应基因层面的高变异趋势一致;Trx类别在各亚流域内均表现出较高稳定性(平均CV=3.353),与单基因层面K00384的稳定特征相吻合(CSTR编号为31253.11.sciencedb.31874)。
本研究对拉沙山流域原核生物抗氧化功能基因的多样性与分布格局进行了分析,发现其多样性与总丰度在空间上并非均匀分布。尽管拉沙山流域范围内抗氧化功能基因表现出较高的丰富度与均匀度,仍可辨识出空间分布趋势:流域下游区域不仅拥有最多的抗氧化基因种类,同时也是总抗氧化基因丰度的热点区域。
这一空间耦合可能源于下游更强的环境压力与微生物竞争。首先,下游区域更容易积累外源胁迫因子(如重金属等)[41],形成较强的环境胁迫压力。为在这种环境中存活,生物会强化其氧化应激防御系统[42-43]。其次,下游地区通常同时汇集多源水体与营养物质,有利于维持更高的微生物多样性及更活跃的代谢过程[41,44-45],进而加剧种间资源竞争。在竞争过程中,部分微生物可通过分泌细菌素等拮抗方式获取优势[46],并可能利用活性氧(ROS)作为攻击手段[47],从而加剧环境氧化胁迫水平。因此,在这种环境选择压力下,携带丰富抗氧化基因库的微生物类群将获得生存优势,其可能通过强化抗氧化防御系统、积累更多类型的抗氧化基因来增强功能冗余度,从而提升其在强竞争、高胁迫环境中的适应性与抵抗力。这可能是下游区域抗氧化基因整体富集与功能多样化的驱动因素之一。该发现提示,在挖掘功能微生物时,应特别关注多重胁迫耦合的热点区域,其在指示环境压力与微生物生态功能方面可能具有重要代表性。
进一步通过对各抗氧化功能类别基因分布的分析,发现非酶抗氧化物质相关基因在功能类别数量与总基因丰度上均占据主导地位。其中GSH与Trx相关基因丰度尤为突出,并在下游区域呈现较高丰度分布。这提示在流域内,尤其是下游这种可能存在较高氧化胁迫的环境中,拉沙山原核生物群落倾向于依赖以GSH/Trx系统为核心的非酶抗氧化策略。从生态适应性角度来看,酶促与非酶抗氧化策略在功能特性与适用环境上具有明显差异[48-49]:酶促抗氧化系统(如SOD、CAT、PRX)具有反应速率高、底物特异性强的特点,适用于快速清除特定类型的活性氧(如超氧阴离子或过氧化氢),在短时高强度氧化胁迫条件下具有重要作用;然而,该类系统依赖蛋白质的合成与维持,其表达受能量供给及环境条件限制,在资源受限或胁迫频繁波动的环境中可能存在响应滞后或代谢成本较高的问题。相比之下,非酶抗氧化系统(如GSH与Trx)具有更强的代谢灵活性与功能广谱性,不仅可直接参与多种ROS的清除,还广泛介入细胞信号转导、维持蛋白质正确折叠等关键生理过程,从而更适应持续性或多重胁迫叠加的环境条件。例如,Trx可通过其巯基-二硫键交换反应,动态调节细胞的氧化还原状态,从而协助细胞在胁迫下实现功能重塑[48]。值得注意的是,本研究同时观察到SOD的丰度高值区与GSH/Trx的高丰度区在空间上具有一致性。结合抗氧化级联反应的角度看,SOD将超氧阴离子转化为过氧化氢(H2O2)后,需要依赖谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GPX;一种依赖GSH的酶)或硫氧还蛋白过氧化物酶等进一步将其还原为水[50]。因此,GSH与Trx系统的高丰度可能反映其在整体抗氧化防御网络中作为还原力枢纽的重要地位,这正符合应对持续性氧化胁迫的逻辑。相比之下,VE和β-HB相关基因丰度极低,提示这些途径在该流域微生物群落中的贡献可能很有限,或仅在特定微生境条件下发挥作用。未来可结合环境因子与微生物群落组成数据,进一步阐明不同抗氧化功能在复杂环境中的协同与调控机制。
本研究预测获得的抗氧化功能基因基本覆盖了微生物抗氧化体系中的多个关键模块,包括SOD、GSH、Trx及相关过氧化物酶系统等。该结果表明拉沙山流域原核生物群落的抗氧化防御网络在功能构成上具有较高完整性,进一步强化了本研究关于抗氧化功能具有明确空间分布的结论。
在前期分析中,同一亚流域内不同采样点间的抗氧化功能基因多样性及丰度呈现明显异质性,表明其空间分布可能受到微环境差异的影响。为此,本研究进一步解析了抗氧化基因丰度的空间变异特征,重点比较了亚流域之间与亚流域内部变异的相对贡献。基于38个抗氧化基因的分析显示,整体变异主要由亚流域内部贡献(within-group CV高于between-group CV),表明即使在流域尺度上整体多样性较高且差异有限,局地微环境异质性仍可能驱动基因组成与丰度产生波动,从而维持功能层面的空间异质性。与此同时,方差分析识别出部分基因在亚流域间存在显著差异,但其中若干基因丰度较低,其高变异可能源于流域内的零散分布。将基因归并至功能类别后,变异模式发生变化,组间变异系数高于组内变异系数,这与单基因层面的分析结果相反,且不同功能类别的抗氧化基因对空间变化的响应不同。这说明在类别层面可以更清晰地捕捉亚流域间的总体差异,但在一定程度上可能降低对单基因细微波动的分辨率。总体而言,基因层面与功能类别层面的信息具有互补性:前者更敏感于微生境差异,后者更利于概括功能格局。
本研究主要存在以下3方面局限性。(1)功能预测基于PICRUSt2工具实现,该方法依赖系统发育信息与参考基因组数据库的匹配程度,在环境中存在较多未被数据库覆盖的微生物类群时预测结果可能出现偏差。因此,本文所得功能数据主要反映群落潜在功能的相对趋势,而非绝对丰度。(2)采样点密度仍可能不足以完全刻画流域内连续微环境梯度变化,从而限制了对微生境异质性影响的精细解析。(3)尽管初步揭示了抗氧化基因多样性及丰度的空间分布特征,但其背后的关键驱动机制尚未明确,仍需结合环境变量与微生物群落结构数据进一步验证。针对上述问题,未来研究可通过以下方式加以改进:采用宏基因组或转录组学方法提高功能注释的可靠性;增加采样点密度以更全面地刻画环境梯度;整合关键环境因子与微生物群落结构数据,从而在多个维度上系统揭示环境对抗氧化基因分布的具体驱动机制。
本研究分析了拉沙山流域原核生物抗氧化功能基因分布格局,发现具有多重胁迫耦合特征的流域下游是抗氧化基因多样性与总丰度的热点区,其原核生物群落主要以GSH/Trx等非酶抗氧化策略应对氧化胁迫,同时抗氧化酶类基因(如SOD)的丰度热点也在此富集。在空间变异来源方面,单基因层面的丰度变异主要受亚流域内部微环境差异影响,而在功能类别层面则更多表现为亚流域间的分异。上述结果表明,山地流域生态单元内微生物抗氧化功能潜力具有明确的空间结构特征。建议在优质抗氧化菌株的实际筛选中优先关注多重胁迫耦合的热点区域,结合GSH、Trx、SOD等相关功能基因标记进行定向筛选与验证。该研究成果将深化对微生物抗氧化功能地理格局的认知,并为后续菌株的生态指向性筛选提供理论依据。
  • 大理州科技专项(20232901A020009)
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2026年第66卷第8期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260142
  • 接收时间:2026-02-16
  • 首发时间:2026-08-21
  • 出版时间:2026-08-04
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  • 收稿日期:2026-02-16
  • 录用日期:2026-03-24
基金
Dali Science and Technology Special Project(20232901A020009)
大理州科技专项(20232901A020009)
作者信息
    1.大理大学,天然抗氧化剂与抗氧化炎症研究院,云南 大理
    2.大理大学,东喜玛拉雅研究院,云南 大理
    3.云岭滇金丝猴云南省野外科学观测研究站,云南 大理
    4.大理大学,交叉科学中心,云南 大理
    5.三江并流区域生物多样性保护与利用云南省创新团队,云南 大理
    6.中国三江并流区域生物多样性协同创新中心,云南 大理

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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