Article(id=1280817609608246018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1280817479555462000, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260046, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1768579200000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1772035200000, acceptedDateStr=2026-02-26, onlineDate=1783300314571, onlineDateStr=2026-07-06, pubDate=1783094400000, pubDateStr=2026-07-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783300314571, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783300314571, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1783300314571, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1280817479555462000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='7', pageStart='3121', pageEnd='3677', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1783094400000', pubDateStr='2026-07-04', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783300283564, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1783326087324, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1280925708813832745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1280817479555462000, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1280925708813832746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1280817479555462000, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3409, endPage=3424, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1280817609981539075, articleId=1280817609608246018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Isolation of Heyndrickxia coagulans and assessment of its feeding potential, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Heyndrickxia coagulans, formerly known as Bacillus coagulans, exhibits pronounced intraspecific heterogeneity and represents an important probiotic candidate for animal feed. Objective To isolate high-quality H. coagulans strains and evaluate their potential for feed applications. Methods H. coagulans strains were isolated from spoiled fruits, soil, and feces through the plate streaking method. The isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Functional assays were conducted to comprehensively evaluate their feed potential, including acid production, gastrointestinal tolerance, biosurfactant production, antimicrobial activity, protease activity, and utilization of different carbohydrates and feed raw materials. Results A total of 133 strains were isolated, among which 23 strains were identified as H. coagulans. Nine strains with strong acid-producing ability were further selected. Among them, strain N9 isolated from rotten Artocarpus heterophyllus exhibited the highest acid production, decreasing the pH to 3.89±0.05 after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C and achieving a lactic acid yield of (3 370.00±87.36) μg/mL. Following treatment with simulated gastric and intestinal fluids and bile salts, the survival rates of N9 were (73.50±1.54)% and (83.20±1.66)%, respectively. Furthermore, strain N9 showed the strongest biosurfactant production, with an oil displacement diameter of (43.00±0.46) mm. Antimicrobial assays revealed that N9 effectively inhibited three intestinal pathogens: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, strain N9 exhibited notable protease activity, with enzymatic characteristics well adapted to the animal intestinal environment. It was capable of utilizing carbohydrates such as xylo-oligosaccharides, as well as feed ingredients including palm kernel meal, cottonseed meal, sunflower meal, soybean meal, and wheat bran for acid production. Conclusion H. coagulans N9, isolated from rotten A. heterophyllus, demonstrates good potential for feed additive, serving as a new candidate strain for the research on probiotic application.

, authors=Xiaoyan HU1, Haotian DONG2, Hongjuan LUO1, Xianfei ZHOU1, Chunqiu LI1, Yanru CAO2, Yaping LI1, authorsList=Xiaoyan HU, Haotian DONG, Hongjuan LUO, Xianfei ZHOU, Chunqiu LI, Yanru CAO, Yaping LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yanru CAO, Yaping LI, authorNote=

These authors contributed equally to this work.

, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail: CAO Yanru,
LI Yaping,
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凝结海恩德氏菌(Heyndrickxia coagulans),曾用名凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans),具有较强的种内异质性,是一类重要的饲用益生菌。 目的 筛选更多优质的凝结海恩德氏菌,并对其饲用潜力进行评价。 方法 采用平板划线法从腐败水果、土壤及粪便等样品中分离凝结海恩德氏菌,通过16S rRNA基因测序对分离菌株进行鉴定,并通过产酸筛选、胃肠耐受性测试、表面活性素生成能力检测、抑菌活性测定、蛋白酶活性分析,以及对不同糖类和饲料原料的利用能力评估等一系列活性检测,综合评定分离出的凝结海恩德氏菌的饲用潜力。 结果 共分离鉴定出133株菌,其中凝结海恩德氏菌23株,进一步从中筛选出9株产酸能力较强的菌株,其中从腐败菠萝蜜中分离出的菌株N9产酸能力最强,37 ℃培养24 h后pH降至3.89±0.05,乳酸产量达(3 370.00±87.36) μg/mL。模拟胃肠液及胆盐处理后,N9的留存率分别为(73.50±1.54)%和(83.20±1.66)%;N9产表面活性素能力最强,排油圈直径达(43.00±0.46) mm;抑菌实验显示其对3种肠道病原菌——肠沙门氏菌肠亚种(Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica)、大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)均具有较好的抑菌效果;同时,菌株N9具有较好的蛋白酶活性,其产酶特性适配动物肠道环境,并能利用木寡糖等糖类以及棕榈粕、棉粕、葵花粕、豆粕、麦麸等饲料原料产酸。 结论 本研究从腐败菠萝蜜中分离出一株具有良好饲用潜力的凝结海恩德氏菌(Heyndrickxia coagulans) N9,为饲用益生菌的应用研究提供了新的候选菌株。

, authors=胡晓艳1, 董皓天2, 罗红娟1, 周贤飞1, 李春秋1, 曹艳茹2, 李亚平1, authorsList=胡晓艳, 董皓天, 罗红娟, 周贤飞, 李春秋, 曹艳茹, 李亚平, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=曹艳茹, 李亚平, authorNote=

作者贡献声明

胡晓艳:菌株分离、纯化及鉴定;董皓天:分析数据及撰写文章;罗红娟:菌株的产酸测定及胃肠耐受性评估;周贤飞:菌株的表面活性素、抑菌及蛋白酶活性检测;李春秋:菌株的糖及饲料利用活性检测;曹艳茹:分析数据及修改文章;李亚平:设计实验及修改文章。

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A: Growth of 23 strains on qualitative acid-producing chromogenic medium; B: Quantitative determination of acid production (Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at P<0.05); C: Gram staining of H. coagulans N9., figureFileSmall=D72D4E0zfJQuR4a/QHyukA==, figureFileBig=OrHjaMSgOcNo/B8gPOAKlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925149432099434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817609608246018, language=CN, label=图2, caption=23株凝结海恩德氏菌培养24 h后的产酸情况及菌株N9的革兰氏染色结果, figureFileSmall=D72D4E0zfJQuR4a/QHyukA==, figureFileBig=OrHjaMSgOcNo/B8gPOAKlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925149524374123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817609608246018, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Phylogenetic tree of strain N9 based on 16S rRNA gene., figureFileSmall=UHIbaDSJUAkHRgmwVVWqoA==, figureFileBig=hPD5Tjcy9/9K2ACncMjapg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925149587288684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817609608246018, language=CN, label=图3, caption=菌株N9基于16S rRNA基因序列构建的系统发育树, figureFileSmall=UHIbaDSJUAkHRgmwVVWqoA==, figureFileBig=hPD5Tjcy9/9K2ACncMjapg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925149658591853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817609608246018, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Survival rates of nine Heyndrickxia coagulans strains treated with gastrointestinal fluid and bile salt. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at P<0.05., figureFileSmall=l8LxCl0uVj82MGE6/7JvgA==, figureFileBig=jEtQkcbod8S7EyOErOd7DA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925149725700718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817609608246018, language=CN, label=图4, caption=九株凝结海恩德氏菌在胃肠液处理及胆盐处理下的存留率, figureFileSmall=l8LxCl0uVj82MGE6/7JvgA==, figureFileBig=jEtQkcbod8S7EyOErOd7DA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925149792809583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817609608246018, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Surfactin-producing ability of nine Heyndrickxia coagulans strains. A: Qualitative detection of oil displacement zone; B: Oil displacement diameter. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at P<0.05., figureFileSmall=InpBh9bvHatzZFrnzwndqw==, figureFileBig=O74sgIhaAu5DyXKC6Ilcrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925149851529840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817609608246018, language=CN, label=图5, caption=九株凝结海恩德氏菌产表面活性素能力, figureFileSmall=InpBh9bvHatzZFrnzwndqw==, figureFileBig=O74sgIhaAu5DyXKC6Ilcrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925149914444401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817609608246018, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Inhibitory effects of nine Heyndrickxia coagulans strains on four intestinal pathogenic bacteria. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at P<0.05., figureFileSmall=xw7GEDX4jt7VHTo5mOCIww==, figureFileBig=M5MdxiQhThjzVDyEJ6VQ1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925150023496306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817609608246018, language=CN, label=图6, caption=九株凝结海恩德氏菌对4种肠道常见病原菌的抑制作用, figureFileSmall=xw7GEDX4jt7VHTo5mOCIww==, figureFileBig=M5MdxiQhThjzVDyEJ6VQ1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925150115770995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817609608246018, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Enzyme production curves of N9 under different available nitrogen source concentrations and pH. A: Aerobic conditions; B: Anaerobic conditions., figureFileSmall=Wx6tVQOp/XjUiRQp8jFhPQ==, figureFileBig=eGv2LU86eltXpUuYfDqCBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925150178685556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817609608246018, language=CN, label=图7, caption=菌株N9在不同易用氮源浓度和pH条件下的产酶曲线, figureFileSmall=Wx6tVQOp/XjUiRQp8jFhPQ==, figureFileBig=eGv2LU86eltXpUuYfDqCBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925150241600117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817609608246018, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Growth of nine Heyndrickxia coagulans strains in MRS media supplemented with no sugar, glucose, and xylo-oligosaccharides. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at P<0.05., figureFileSmall=Qw8rKac1b+N1Mo4AiZ17ug==, figureFileBig=wEaZlIPjMosRCQ7K2LOMKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925150338069110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817609608246018, language=CN, label=图8, caption=九株凝结海恩德氏菌在无糖、葡萄糖、木寡糖MRS培养基上的生长情况, figureFileSmall=Qw8rKac1b+N1Mo4AiZ17ug==, figureFileBig=wEaZlIPjMosRCQ7K2LOMKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925150396789367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817609608246018, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Utilization of different carbohydrates and feed ingredients by strain N9. A: OD600 values corresponding to different carbohydrates; B: pH values corresponding to different carbohydrates; C: pH values corresponding to different feed ingredients. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at P<0.05., figureFileSmall=uRf45tmUzAhoCGwvH0+qAg==, figureFileBig=++G8z+kJAgYE1+o0iPhpuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925150455509624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817609608246018, language=CN, label=图9, caption=菌株N9对不同糖和饲料的利用情况, figureFileSmall=uRf45tmUzAhoCGwvH0+qAg==, figureFileBig=++G8z+kJAgYE1+o0iPhpuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925150522618489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817609608246018, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Information of samples for isolation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleLocation

Latitude and

longitude

Altitude/mSample source
1Mengya Valley, Menghai Town, Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture

100.50°N,

22.10°E

880Rotten Artocarpus heterophyllus
2Mengya Valley, Menghai Town, Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture

100.50°N,

22.10°E

755

Rotten

Mangifera indica

3Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences

101.25°N,

21.41°E

570Soil
4Xianghe Animal Husbandry (Layer Farm), Cancuo Village, Huangchuan Village Committee, Duodian Township, Jinning County, Kunming City, Yunnan Province

102.48°N,

24.56°E

1 787Chicken manure
5Bingxiang Breeding Co., Ltd. (Layer Farm), Guanba Village, Shuijing County, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province

102.76°N,

23.42°E

2 278Chicken manure
6Yunda Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. (Layer Farm), Fuda Village, Yanshan County, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province

104.39°N,

23.47°E

1 470Chicken manure
7Xunxing Animal Husbandry (Pig Farm), Xingcun Village, Jifeng Town, Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County, Kunming City, Yunnan Province

102.70°N,

25.46°E

2 032Mixed pig manure (sow pen, finishing pen, nursery pen)
8Qiancun Animal Husbandry (Pig Farm), Xiguan Community, Yuezhou Town, Qilin District, Qujing City, Yunnan Province

100.80°N,

25.43°E

1 820Mixed pig manure (sow pen, finishing pen, nursery pen)
9Hong’an Animal Husbandry Paper Mill Pig Breeding Base, Zhudian Town, Xiangyun County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province

100.80°N,

25.43°E

1 960Mixed pig manure (sow pen, finishing pen, nursery pen)
), ArticleFig(id=1280925150589727354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817609608246018, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

菌株分离样品信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleLocation

Latitude and

longitude

Altitude/mSample source
1Mengya Valley, Menghai Town, Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture

100.50°N,

22.10°E

880Rotten Artocarpus heterophyllus
2Mengya Valley, Menghai Town, Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture

100.50°N,

22.10°E

755

Rotten

Mangifera indica

3Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences

101.25°N,

21.41°E

570Soil
4Xianghe Animal Husbandry (Layer Farm), Cancuo Village, Huangchuan Village Committee, Duodian Township, Jinning County, Kunming City, Yunnan Province

102.48°N,

24.56°E

1 787Chicken manure
5Bingxiang Breeding Co., Ltd. (Layer Farm), Guanba Village, Shuijing County, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province

102.76°N,

23.42°E

2 278Chicken manure
6Yunda Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. (Layer Farm), Fuda Village, Yanshan County, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province

104.39°N,

23.47°E

1 470Chicken manure
7Xunxing Animal Husbandry (Pig Farm), Xingcun Village, Jifeng Town, Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County, Kunming City, Yunnan Province

102.70°N,

25.46°E

2 032Mixed pig manure (sow pen, finishing pen, nursery pen)
8Qiancun Animal Husbandry (Pig Farm), Xiguan Community, Yuezhou Town, Qilin District, Qujing City, Yunnan Province

100.80°N,

25.43°E

1 820Mixed pig manure (sow pen, finishing pen, nursery pen)
9Hong’an Animal Husbandry Paper Mill Pig Breeding Base, Zhudian Town, Xiangyun County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province

100.80°N,

25.43°E

1 960Mixed pig manure (sow pen, finishing pen, nursery pen)
), ArticleFig(id=1280925150661030523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817609608246018, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

16S rRNA gene similarity and source of 23 Heyndrickxia coagulans strains

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Strain No.16S rRNA gene similarity/%SourceStrain No.16S rRNA gene similarity/%Source
N198.93Rotten Artocarpus heterophyllusN1398.95Pig manure
N299.08Rotten Artocarpus heterophyllusN1498.99Rotten Artocarpus heterophyllus
N399.05Rotten Mangifera indicaN1599.49Soil
N499.59Rotten Artocarpus heterophyllusN1699.38Rotten Mangifera indica
N599.66SoilN1799.80Pig manure
N698.95SoilN1898.72Rotten Artocarpus heterophyllus
N799.11Rotten Mangifera indicaN1998.67Soil
N899.53Chicken manureN2099.34Rotten Artocarpus heterophyllus
N999.36Rotten Artocarpus heterophyllusN2199.29Soil
N1099.07SoilN2299.08Rotten Mangifera indica
N1199.27Rotten Mangifera indicaN2399.16Rotten Artocarpus heterophyllus
N1299.40Rotten Mangifera indica
), ArticleFig(id=1280925150728139388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817609608246018, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

23株凝结海恩德氏菌的16S rRNA基因相似性及分离源

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Strain No.16S rRNA gene similarity/%SourceStrain No.16S rRNA gene similarity/%Source
N198.93Rotten Artocarpus heterophyllusN1398.95Pig manure
N299.08Rotten Artocarpus heterophyllusN1498.99Rotten Artocarpus heterophyllus
N399.05Rotten Mangifera indicaN1599.49Soil
N499.59Rotten Artocarpus heterophyllusN1699.38Rotten Mangifera indica
N599.66SoilN1799.80Pig manure
N698.95SoilN1898.72Rotten Artocarpus heterophyllus
N799.11Rotten Mangifera indicaN1998.67Soil
N899.53Chicken manureN2099.34Rotten Artocarpus heterophyllus
N999.36Rotten Artocarpus heterophyllusN2199.29Soil
N1099.07SoilN2299.08Rotten Mangifera indica
N1199.27Rotten Mangifera indicaN2399.16Rotten Artocarpus heterophyllus
N1299.40Rotten Mangifera indica
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凝结海恩德氏菌(Heyndrickxia coagulans)的分离及其饲用潜力评价
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胡晓艳 1 , 董皓天 2 , 罗红娟 1 , 周贤飞 1 , 李春秋 1 , 曹艳茹 2 , 李亚平 1
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(7): 3409-3424
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微生物学报 |研究报告 2026 , 66 (7) : 3409 -3424
凝结海恩德氏菌(Heyndrickxia coagulans)的分离及其饲用潜力评价
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胡晓艳1, 董皓天2, 罗红娟1, 周贤飞1, 李春秋1, 曹艳茹2 , 李亚平1
作者信息
  • 1.昆明三正生物科技(集团)有限公司,云南 昆明
  • 2.昆明学院 农学与生命科学学院,云南 昆明
作者简介:

作者贡献声明

胡晓艳:菌株分离、纯化及鉴定;董皓天:分析数据及撰写文章;罗红娟:菌株的产酸测定及胃肠耐受性评估;周贤飞:菌株的表面活性素、抑菌及蛋白酶活性检测;李春秋:菌株的糖及饲料利用活性检测;曹艳茹:分析数据及修改文章;李亚平:设计实验及修改文章。

Isolation of Heyndrickxia coagulans and assessment of its feeding potential
Xiaoyan HU1, Haotian DONG2, Hongjuan LUO1, Xianfei ZHOU1, Chunqiu LI1, Yanru CAO2 , Yaping LI1
Affiliations
  • 1.Kunming Saturn Biological Technology (Group) Co. , Ltd. , Kunming, Yunnan, China
  • 2.College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
出版时间: 2026-07-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260046
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凝结海恩德氏菌(Heyndrickxia coagulans),曾用名凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans),具有较强的种内异质性,是一类重要的饲用益生菌。 目的 筛选更多优质的凝结海恩德氏菌,并对其饲用潜力进行评价。 方法 采用平板划线法从腐败水果、土壤及粪便等样品中分离凝结海恩德氏菌,通过16S rRNA基因测序对分离菌株进行鉴定,并通过产酸筛选、胃肠耐受性测试、表面活性素生成能力检测、抑菌活性测定、蛋白酶活性分析,以及对不同糖类和饲料原料的利用能力评估等一系列活性检测,综合评定分离出的凝结海恩德氏菌的饲用潜力。 结果 共分离鉴定出133株菌,其中凝结海恩德氏菌23株,进一步从中筛选出9株产酸能力较强的菌株,其中从腐败菠萝蜜中分离出的菌株N9产酸能力最强,37 ℃培养24 h后pH降至3.89±0.05,乳酸产量达(3 370.00±87.36) μg/mL。模拟胃肠液及胆盐处理后,N9的留存率分别为(73.50±1.54)%和(83.20±1.66)%;N9产表面活性素能力最强,排油圈直径达(43.00±0.46) mm;抑菌实验显示其对3种肠道病原菌——肠沙门氏菌肠亚种(Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica)、大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)均具有较好的抑菌效果;同时,菌株N9具有较好的蛋白酶活性,其产酶特性适配动物肠道环境,并能利用木寡糖等糖类以及棕榈粕、棉粕、葵花粕、豆粕、麦麸等饲料原料产酸。 结论 本研究从腐败菠萝蜜中分离出一株具有良好饲用潜力的凝结海恩德氏菌(Heyndrickxia coagulans) N9,为饲用益生菌的应用研究提供了新的候选菌株。

凝结海恩德氏菌  /  分离  /  鉴定  /  饲用潜力

Heyndrickxia coagulans, formerly known as Bacillus coagulans, exhibits pronounced intraspecific heterogeneity and represents an important probiotic candidate for animal feed. Objective To isolate high-quality H. coagulans strains and evaluate their potential for feed applications. Methods H. coagulans strains were isolated from spoiled fruits, soil, and feces through the plate streaking method. The isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Functional assays were conducted to comprehensively evaluate their feed potential, including acid production, gastrointestinal tolerance, biosurfactant production, antimicrobial activity, protease activity, and utilization of different carbohydrates and feed raw materials. Results A total of 133 strains were isolated, among which 23 strains were identified as H. coagulans. Nine strains with strong acid-producing ability were further selected. Among them, strain N9 isolated from rotten Artocarpus heterophyllus exhibited the highest acid production, decreasing the pH to 3.89±0.05 after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C and achieving a lactic acid yield of (3 370.00±87.36) μg/mL. Following treatment with simulated gastric and intestinal fluids and bile salts, the survival rates of N9 were (73.50±1.54)% and (83.20±1.66)%, respectively. Furthermore, strain N9 showed the strongest biosurfactant production, with an oil displacement diameter of (43.00±0.46) mm. Antimicrobial assays revealed that N9 effectively inhibited three intestinal pathogens: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, strain N9 exhibited notable protease activity, with enzymatic characteristics well adapted to the animal intestinal environment. It was capable of utilizing carbohydrates such as xylo-oligosaccharides, as well as feed ingredients including palm kernel meal, cottonseed meal, sunflower meal, soybean meal, and wheat bran for acid production. Conclusion H. coagulans N9, isolated from rotten A. heterophyllus, demonstrates good potential for feed additive, serving as a new candidate strain for the research on probiotic application.

Heyndrickxia coagulans  /  isolation  /  identification  /  feed application potential
胡晓艳, 董皓天, 罗红娟, 周贤飞, 李春秋, 曹艳茹, 李亚平. 凝结海恩德氏菌(Heyndrickxia coagulans)的分离及其饲用潜力评价. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (7) : 3409 -3424 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260046
Xiaoyan HU, Haotian DONG, Hongjuan LUO, Xianfei ZHOU, Chunqiu LI, Yanru CAO, Yaping LI. Isolation of Heyndrickxia coagulans and assessment of its feeding potential[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (7) : 3409 -3424 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260046
动物肠道中的微生物不仅数量庞大、组成复杂,更具备强大功能,常被视作动物体内的“隐形器官”[1]。它们能够发酵动物自身无法消化的膳食纤维、木寡糖等碳水化合物,产生乳酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸等有机酸,这些有机酸可为宿主动物提供约10%的日常能量[2]。因此,提高肠道微生物对膳食纤维、木寡糖等碳水化合物的利用率可在一定程度上减少动物的粮食消耗,进而缓解“人畜争粮”的矛盾。
凝结海恩德氏菌(Heyndrickxia coagulans)最早是由Hammer[3]从变质牛奶中分离获得的细菌,因呈杆状,且能使牛奶产酸、凝固成块而得名,最初命名为凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)。该菌于1980年正式被“Approved Lists of Bacterial Names”收录[4]。De Clerck等[5]于2004年对凝结芽孢杆菌(B. coagulans)的表型及生理生化特性进行了检测,将该菌修订描述为革兰氏阳性、兼性厌氧的杆状细菌,可产生椭圆形或球形的芽孢,且发现不同凝结芽孢杆菌菌株间存在极大差异,揭示了该菌显著的种内异质性。2020年,Gupta等[6]对300余个芽孢杆菌的基因组进行了系统基因组学比较分析,将凝结芽孢杆菌重新归类并命名为凝结魏茨曼氏菌(Weizmannia coagulans)。随后的2023年,Narsing Rao等[7]根据全基因组序列的氨基酸一致性(amino acid identity, AAI)分析结果将魏茨曼氏菌属(Weizmannia)重新分类为海恩德里克斯氏菌属(Heyndrickxia),凝结魏茨曼氏菌(W. coagulans)随之更名为凝结海恩德氏菌(Heyndrickxia coagulans)。
凝结海恩德氏菌产生的多种酶类能辅助分解饲料中的纤维素等复杂营养物质产生乳酸,一方面可降低动物肠道pH值,抑制病原菌繁殖,起到替代抗生素的作用;另一方面,乳酸也是重要的供能物质,可以提升动物的生产性能,因此被广泛用作饲料添加剂[8]。来自不同生境的凝结海恩德氏菌菌株间的生理特性存在显著异质性[5]。本研究从多种环境中分离凝结海恩德氏菌菌株,从中筛选产酸能力、胃肠耐受性、抑菌活性、产酶特性以及对多种糖和饲料原料利用能力较优的菌株,以期为高效节粮型饲料益生菌的开发与应用提供科学依据和优良菌种资源。
由于凝结海恩德氏菌广泛分布于土壤、腐败水果及粪便等环境中[9],因此采集以上环境样品作为本研究菌株的分离材料,具体信息详见表1
PBS缓冲液按照李奕等[10]的方法配制。营养琼脂培养基(NA)、MRS培养基,广东环凯生物科技有限公司。定性产酸显色培养基按照王婷等[11]的方法制备;检测菌株产酸能力采用改良MRS培养基(g/L):蛋白胨10.0,酵母膏5.0,葡萄糖5.0,牛肉膏5.0,氯化钙0.15,一水合硫酸锰0.1,氯化钠2.5,L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐0.5,番茄粉0.5,调节pH至7.0。蛋白酶活性筛选采用添加8 g酪蛋白的改良MRS培养基。以等量糖和饲料替代改良MRS培养基中的葡萄糖,进行糖和饲料利用能力的测定。人工胃液、肠液和胆盐培养基,上海源叶生物科技有限公司。营养琼脂培养基(NA)、血琼脂培养基,青岛海博生物技术有限公司。
每种样品取5 g加入95 mL PBS缓冲液中,于17 ℃、220 r/min振荡1 h后,梯度稀释至10-6。取200 µL稀释液分别涂布于NA和MRS培养基,分别置于40 ℃和45 ℃培养24-48 h。待菌株长出后,根据菌落形态挑取平板上的不同单菌落,将菌株纯化后接种至MRS斜面保存。
将分离菌株用Lysis Buffer for Microorganism to Direct PCR试剂盒(TaKaRa公司)进行DNA提取。采用细菌通用引物27F (5′-AGAGTTTGAT CMTGGCTCAG-3′)和1492R (5′-GGTTACCTT GTTACGACTT-3′)进行菌株16S rRNA基因的扩增。PCR反应体系(25 μL):2×Taq PCR Mix 12.5 µL,上、下游引物(20 µmol/L)各0.5 µL,DNA模板0.5 µL,ddH2O补足至25 µL。PCR反应条件:94 ℃预变性5 min;94 ℃变性1 min,55 ℃退火1 min,72 ℃延伸2 min,共30个循环;72 ℃终延伸10 min。PCR产物送至生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司进行测序。将测得的16S rRNA基因序列提交至EzBioCloud进行比对,搜索并调取相似序列,利用MEGA 11软件,采用邻接(neighbor-joining)法构建系统发育树,确定菌株的种属[12]
有机酸是动物重要的直接或间接能源物质[13],且产酸能力是凝结海恩德氏菌的核心益生性能[14]。将纯化好的菌株接种于产酸显色培养基上,37 ℃培养24 h进行产酸的定性筛选。若菌株产酸,则可使显色培养基中的溴甲酚绿指示剂由蓝绿色转变为黄色。将定性筛选阳性菌株接种至改良MRS液体培养基,37 ℃静置培养24 h后测定pH,进行产酸的定量检测。同时按照《食品中有机酸的测定》(GB 5009.157—2016)[15]中的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对产酸能力最强菌株的有机酸种类进行测定,并采用革兰氏染色法对其进行染色及形态观察。采用1.2.2节中的方法基于16S rRNA基因构建产酸能力最强菌株的系统发育树。
将1.3.1节中筛选获得的产酸能力较强的菌株作为研究对象开展后续活性筛选实验。胃肠耐受能力是细菌成为优良饲用益生菌的重要前提。本研究将1 mL浓度为1×108 CFU/mL的待测菌悬液分别接种于pH 3.0的人工胃液和胃蛋白酶液中处理2 h,再取该处理液1 mL加入pH 6.8的人工肠液和胰蛋白酶液中处理2 h,以检测菌株的胃肠耐受能力;将相同浓度的待测菌悬液接种于胆盐液体培养基中,37 ℃静置培养2 h以检测菌株的胆盐耐受能力。最后,将上述2种处理液稀释1 000倍后涂布于改良MRS培养基,40 ℃培养24 h后进行平板计数,计算菌株的存活率。
表面活性素具有广谱抗菌和抗病毒活性,还具有良好的乳化作用,可以促进肠道内乳糜微粒的形成、提高脂肪的消化吸收[16]。本研究采用排油圈法检测分离的凝结海恩德氏菌产表面活性素的能力,即在油膜中心加入10 µL待测菌株发酵液,测量排油圈的大小,排油圈越大表明产表面活性素能力越强[17]
采用牛津杯法检测分离菌株对致病性大肠杆菌(enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, ETEC) C83922、肠沙门氏菌肠亚种(Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica) ATCC 14028、A型产气荚膜梭菌(Clostridium perfringens type A) CVCC 1142、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)ATCC 6538P的抑制活性。牛津杯中加入200 µL、浓度为1×108 CFU/mL的待测菌株菌悬液。将大肠杆菌、肠沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌涂布于NA培养基,37 ℃培养24 h。A型产气荚膜梭菌涂布于血琼脂培养基,30 ℃厌氧培养24 h。测量并统计抑菌圈直径。
以1.1.2节中的改良MRS培养基为基础培养基,设置3组培养基,即分别以8 g酪蛋白、8 g酪蛋白+5 g蛋白胨、8 g酪蛋白+10 g蛋白胨替代原改良MRS培养基中的10 g蛋白胨。将分离菌株以点接法接种于上述3组培养基上,pH 7.0,分别于厌氧和好氧条件下37 ℃培养72 h。测量透明圈直径(D)和菌落直径(d),计算D/d值,据此判断产蛋白酶活性强弱[18]。将筛选获得的蛋白酶活性最高的菌株分别接种于pH梯度为5.0、5.5、6.0、6.5、7.0、7.5、8.0、8.5的一系列蛋白酶活筛选培养基中,37 ℃条件下同时设置厌氧与好氧2种培养环境,持续培养72 h后系统测定各组的D/d比值,从而深入探究不同pH条件对菌株蛋白酶活性的影响。
以等量木寡糖替代1.1.2节中改良MRS液体培养基的葡萄糖,将菌株接种于该液体培养基,分别于厌氧和好氧条件下37 ℃培养24 h,测定培养液的OD600。以改良MRS培养基和不添加葡萄糖的改良MRS培养基作为阳性和阴性对照。将生长最好的菌株分别接种于以等量木寡糖、木聚糖、β-葡聚糖、水苏糖、棉子糖、纤维素等糖类,以及棉粕、棕榈粕、葵花粕、菜粕、豆粕、麦麸等饲料原料替代葡萄糖的改良MRS液体培养基中,初始pH 7.0,37 ℃、180 r/min条件下培养24 h后检测培养液的pH,测定菌株对各类多糖和饲料原料的利用产酸情况。本研究所有检测结果均为3组平行实验所得。
本研究分离共获得133株菌,去除重复后共鉴定出27个种(图1),分属于3门11科15属。此次分离共获得目的菌株——凝结海恩德氏菌23株,其中从腐败菠萝蜜和腐败芒果中分别获得8株和6株,土壤中获得6株,鸡粪和猪粪中分别获得1株和2株(表2)。133株菌中,Heyndrickxia属所在的芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)的菌株数量最多,为117株;Heyndrickxia属菌株有43株,占分离菌株总数的32.33%。
对凝结海恩德氏菌进行产酸定性检测,发现23株凝结海恩德氏菌均能使产酸显色培养基中的溴甲酚绿指示剂由蓝绿色转变为黄色(图2A),表明23株凝结海恩德氏菌均能够产酸。pH检测结果(图2B)显示,23株凝结海恩德氏菌的pH显著降低,但不同菌株间产酸效果存在较大差异,其中9株菌的pH降至3.95以下,因此选取这9株菌作为后续实验菌株。其中菌株N9的pH最低,降至3.89±0.05,表明该菌株产酸能力最强。对其发酵液进行产酸图谱测定发现,菌株N9可产生(3 370.00±87.36) μg/mL的乳酸,占总有机酸的94.82%;此外,还有(158.00±6.31) μg/mL的乙酸,(22.00±1.85) μg/mL的甲酸,以及微量的丙酸(3.00±0.23) μg/mL和丁酸(1.00±0.14) μg/mL。
进一步对产酸能力最强的菌株N9进行了革兰氏染色观察。结果显示,菌株N9呈现出典型的凝结海恩德氏菌杆状形态及革兰氏阳性菌的紫色(图2C)。16S rRNA基因系统发育分析显示,菌株N9与Heyndrickxia coagulans ATCC 7050T聚类形成一个独立分支(图3),且二者16S rRNA基因序列相似性最高(99.42%),以上系统发育关系明确支持菌株N9鉴定为凝结海恩德氏菌(H. coagulans)。
胃肠耐受实验结果显示(图4),9株凝结海恩德氏菌中N21、N9的胃肠耐受能力较强,留存率分别达(78.30±2.64)%、(73.50±1.54)%;其次是N14,留存率为(69.40±2.59)%;N8、N13菌株的留存率处于中等水平,分别为(55.60±3.44)%、(55.30±3.24)%;而N17、N10、N7、N6的留存率相对较低,均低于50.00%。综上所述,N21、N9在模拟胃肠液处理条件下的留存率显著高于其他菌株,具备更优异的胃肠环境耐受特性。
经0.3%胆盐处理2 h后,9株凝结海恩德氏菌的留存率与胃肠耐受程度较为一致。其中,N21、N9菌株的胆盐耐受能力最强,留存率分别达(89.20±1.71)%、(83.20±1.66)%;其次是N14,留存率为(77.10±3.55)%;N8、N13菌株的留存率处于中等水平,而N17、N10、N7的留存率相对较低,N6菌株的胆盐耐受性最差。综上可知,N21、N9在0.3%胆盐处理条件下的留存率显著高于其他菌株,具备更优异的胆盐耐受特性。
图5A可知,9株凝结海恩德氏菌均能产生表面活性素,但菌株间的活性存在显著差异。从排油圈的大小统计可以看出(图5B),N9、N8产表面活性素能力较强,排油圈直径分别为(43.00±0.46) mm和(40.00±0.49) mm;其次是N14、N13、N10、N7,排油圈直径为34.00-38.00 mm;N6、N21、N17产表面活性素能力相对较差,排油圈直径为30.00-32.00 mm。
抑菌实验结果表明(图6),9株凝结海恩德氏菌菌株对检测的4种肠道常见病原菌均有不同程度的抑制作用。检测菌株对肠沙门氏菌的抑制效果最好,其中菌株N9、N14、N13、N17的抑制效果尤为突出;其次为致病性大肠杆菌,其中N9、N7、N13、N14的抑制效果高于其他菌株;9株凝结海恩德氏菌菌株对A型产气荚膜梭菌的抑制效果差异较大,其中N8、N13的抑制效果最好,其次为N6、N9、N17;检测菌株对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果一般,其中菌株N9、N6的抑制效果最好,抑菌圈直径分别为(18.00±0.32) mm和(17.50±0.42) mm。总体而言,9株凝结海恩德氏菌菌株对革兰氏阴性菌的抑制效果优于革兰氏阳性菌。菌株N9对肠沙门氏菌、致病性大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用均为最强,对A型产气荚膜梭菌的抑制效果仅次于N8、N13,是综合抑菌效果最好的菌株。
九株凝结海恩德氏菌产蛋白酶的定性检测结果显示,有氧条件下,N9的蛋白酶活性最好,D/d值最高,为1.72±0.33;其次是N13、N6,D/d值分别为1.61±0.25、1.49±0.56,其余6株凝结海恩德氏菌菌株的蛋白酶活性差异不大。无氧条件下,N9的D/d值仍为最高,达4.02±0.75;其次是N14、N21、N17,D/d值分别为3.36±0.89、3.09±0.80、3.08±0.64;N10、N13处于中等水平,D/d值分别为2.84±0.42、2.78±0.26;N8、N7、N6的D/d值相对较低。总体而言,9株凝结海恩德氏菌菌株在无氧条件下的蛋白酶活性均显著优于有氧条件,且N9为蛋白酶活性最好的菌株。
鉴于菌株N9的蛋白酶活性表现最优,进一步分析了不同pH条件及不同易用氮源浓度下的蛋白酶活性特征。结果表明(图7A),好氧条件下,0 g/L易用氮源处理组的蛋白酶活性最好,其酶活峰值呈区间式分布,pH范围为6.5-8.0;厌氧条件下的酶活曲线显示(图7B),随着易用氮源浓度的降低,酶活峰值对应的pH逐渐增大,从易用氮源10 g/L对应的酶活峰值pH 6.00±0.10,变为易用氮源0 g/L对应的酶活峰值pH 7.00±0.15,即随着易用氮源的减少酶活峰值对应的pH逐渐增大。
综上所述,好氧环境下,易用氮源浓度为0 g/L时N9的酶活最高;厌氧环境下,N9酶活最高的易用氮源浓度为10 g/L,且2种环境下蛋白酶活性较高的pH均集中于6.0-8.0,厌氧条件下的酶活峰值显著高于好氧条件。
从9株凝结海恩德氏菌菌株在无糖、葡萄糖、木寡糖MRS液体培养基上好氧条件下的生长情况可以看出(图8),除N10、N13、N17外,其余6株菌均在木寡糖-MRS中生长最好,其中N6、N7、N8、N9、N14在木寡糖-MRS中生长最佳,OD600值均大于0.8;在葡萄糖-MRS上,N14、N8、N9的生长较好;在无糖MRS中,N6、N7、N9的生长较好。厌氧条件下,9株凝结海恩德氏菌菌株在葡萄糖-MRS上的生长最优,其次为木寡糖-MRS和无糖MRS。
由于N9在无糖、葡萄糖、木寡糖MRS培养基上的生长情况均较好,因此进一步评估了其对不同糖的利用情况。结果显示(图9A9B),菌株N9在木寡糖-MRS上的生长最好,OD600值最高,为0.81±0.01,产酸能力也最强(pH为5.56±0.01);其次为水苏糖-MRS,OD600为0.72±0.04 (pH为6.60±0.01)。上述结果表明,N9对供试7类糖中木寡糖的利用及产酸能力最高,对水苏糖等糖类的利用及产酸能力也较好。
对不同饲料原料利用产酸的结果显示(图9C),N9利用麦麸和菜粕产酸的效果最好,pH分别为5.73±0.03和5.74±0.01;其次是豆粕、玉米粉和葵花粕,pH分别为5.89±0.01、5.89±0.05、5.98±0.03;N9利用棉粕和棕榈粕产酸的效果较差。上述结果表明,N9利用不同饲料原料产酸的能力差异较大。
畜牧业生产中抗生素的滥用正导致细菌耐药性日益加剧并快速蔓延,且极有可能通过食物链威胁人类健康,因此我国自2020年起全面禁止在饲料中添加抗生素。微生物可通过营养与空间竞争,以及分泌酶、产酸、抗菌肽等代谢产物来调节肠道微生态,进而减少动物腹泻、提升生长性能,发挥抗生素替代作用[19]。目前使用的饲料益生菌主要有芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌及酵母菌等,多来源于人和动物肠道以及发酵食物[20]。凝结海恩德氏菌作为一类肠道益生菌,其代谢产生的乳酸、多种酶类及抗菌物质等在调节动物肠道微生态平衡、增强动物免疫力、提升饲料利用率等方面具有显著优势[21-22]
本研究从腐败水果、土壤及畜禽粪便样品中共分离获得133株可培养细菌,其中芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)为优势菌门(占比87.97%),芽孢杆菌科(Bacillaceae)为优势科(占比73.68%)。此外,本研究成功分离出凝结海恩德氏菌23株,占分离菌株总数的17.29%,且海恩德里克斯氏菌属(Heyndrickxia)在属水平占比达32.33%,为后续功能筛选提供了充足的菌株资源。分类学上,凝结芽孢杆菌经历了从B. coagulansW. coagulans,再到H. coagulans的分类变迁[7]。本研究通过16S rRNA基因序列比对与系统发育树分析明确了分离菌株的分类地位,确保了研究对象的准确性。在获得可培养细菌的基础上,本研究进一步评价了菌株产酸、胃肠耐受性、产表面活性素、抑菌活性、蛋白酶活性以及对糖与饲料原料的利用能力等益生指标,并从中筛选出综合性能较优的菌株,为饲料益生菌的筛选提供了候选菌株材料。
产酸能力是凝结海恩德氏菌的核心益生特性之一,其代谢产生的有机酸可通过降低肠道pH值抑制病原菌繁殖[23-24]。此外,凝结海恩德氏菌产生的有机酸还是重要的供能物质,可起到“减饲料量、不减动物产量”,即节粮的功效[25-26]。本研究中23株凝结海恩德氏菌均能产酸,其中9株菌株的pH降至3.95以下,表现出优异的产酸潜力,因此将其作为后续其他益生性能筛选的实验菌株。菌株N9的产酸能力最为突出,pH低至3.89±0.05。分析微生物代谢过程中有机酸的种类及含量是评价产酸菌株产酸性能最有力的依据[27]。对产酸能力最强的菌株N9发酵液进行产酸图谱测定发现,该菌株能产生大量乳酸(3 370.00±87.36) μg/mL及少量乙酸、甲酸等有机酸,且乳酸产量显著高于同类研究报道,表明其在调节肠道酸碱平衡及供能方面具有更强的应用潜力[24,28-29]
具备肠道耐受性是肠道益生菌发挥作用的首要前提[30]。本研究中对9株凝结海恩德氏菌的胃肠耐受实验结果表明,菌株N9经人工胃液+胃蛋白酶+人工肠液+胰蛋白酶液处理后留存率达(73.50±1.54)%,经0.3%胆盐处理后留存率达(83.20±1.66)%。目前已报道的凝结海恩德氏菌经0.3%胆盐处理2-4 h后存留率为40%-90%,表明本研究中菌株N9的胆盐耐受率处于较高水平[22,31-33]。凝结海恩德氏菌的抗逆性主要依赖其芽孢结构,该结构能抵御高温、酸碱及胆盐等胁迫[34]。本研究结果进一步验证了这一特性,说明N9菌株能够在饲料的高温加工过程中及动物胃肠道消化过程中保持活性,并在肠道内发挥益生作用。
表面活性素作为凝结海恩德氏菌产生的重要代谢产物,兼具广谱抗菌活性与乳化功能,既能抑制病原菌生长,又能促进肠道脂肪消化吸收[35-40]。排油圈实验结果表明,N9菌株排油圈直径达(43.00±0.46) mm,为所有供试菌株中最高,表明其产表面活性素能力突出,这一特性使其在改善动物营养吸收与肠道菌群健康方面具有双重促进作用。抑菌活性检测结果显示,9株凝结海恩德氏菌对致病性大肠杆菌、肠沙门氏菌肠亚种、A型产气荚膜梭菌及金黄色葡萄球菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,且对肠沙门氏菌肠亚种、大肠杆菌等革兰氏阴性菌的抑制效果优于A型产气荚膜梭菌及金黄色葡萄球菌等革兰氏阳性菌,这与凝结芽孢杆菌主要通过产酸及抗菌肽发挥抑菌作用的机制相符[41]。其中,N9菌株表现出最优的综合抑菌效果,对肠沙门氏菌肠亚种、致病性大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及A型产气荚膜梭菌的抑菌圈直径达15.00-24.50 mm,远高于已报道的12.37-16.59 mm[42]。菌株N9广谱且强效的抑菌能力为防控动物肠道病原菌感染、减少腹泻发生提供了重要保障[43]
蛋白酶可将饲料中大分子蛋白质降解为动物体更易吸收的小分子肽或游离氨基酸,提升饲料的营养利用率,因此蛋白酶活性是凝结海恩德氏菌辅助饲料中蛋白质成分消化吸收的关键[44-45]。本研究中,9株凝结海恩德氏菌厌氧条件下的蛋白酶活性均显著高于好氧条件。其中,N9菌株在有氧与厌氧条件下均表现出最优的蛋白酶活性,产酶pH区间为5.5-8.5。有氧条件下,易用氮源浓度为0 g/L时酶活最高,其次为易用氮源浓度减半(5 g/L),最低为10 g/L。该结果表明,有氧条件下易用氮源含量对N9的蛋白酶活性有直接影响;厌氧条件下,N9的D/d值达4.02±0.75,显著高于其他菌株。不同pH下的酶活研究发现,易用氮源10 g/L对应的产酶峰值pH为6.00±0.10,而易用氮源0 g/L对应的产酶峰值pH为7.00±0.15,即随着易用氮源的减少,产酶峰值对应的pH逐渐增大。该变化规律与动物肠道从前到后易用氮源递减、pH递增的生理特征高度吻合,理论上可实现全肠段峰值产酶,有效减少后肠段大分子蛋白质未完全消化引发的病原菌发酵产臭气及胺类毒素问题[46]
木寡糖是饲料纤维中木聚糖降解产生的五碳糖,单胃动物不能直接对其进行利用,必须依靠肠道微生物将其发酵利用。因此,能够高效利用木寡糖的微生物,有助于提升动物对纤维素的整体转化效率,从而提高饲料的能值。9株凝结海恩德氏菌在无糖、葡萄糖、木寡糖MRS液体培养基上的生长情况显示,好氧条件下的生长情况整体优于厌氧条件。其中,N9菌株在有氧与厌氧条件下对木寡糖的利用均较好。本研究进一步评估了菌株N9对包括木寡糖在内的7种糖类的利用能力,结果显示,N9利用木寡糖时生长状态最佳,产酸量也最多;其次为水苏糖,但在该糖类中的产酸能力相对一般。对各类糖的利用能力可间接反映微生物协助宿主动物吸收营养的状况。本研究还检测了菌株N9在7种常见饲料原料上的产酸情况。结果表明,菌株N9能在棉粕、棕榈粕、葵花粕等7种饲料原料中不同程度地生长产酸。其中,N9在麦麸和菜粕中生长产酸的效果最好,其次为豆粕、玉米粉和葵花粕,而对棉粕和棕榈粕的利用较差。
本研究从腐败水果、土壤及粪便等样品中分离出23株凝结海恩德氏菌。其中,从腐败菠萝蜜中筛选出的菌株N9,不仅具备较强的抗逆性与产酸能力,还能抑制肠道常见病原菌,且具有良好的蛋白酶活性。优异的益生特性与饲料适配性表明该菌具有良好的饲用开发潜力。本研究为开发动物饲料节粮型益生菌储备了优良的菌种资源。
  • 云南省科技厅面上项目(202301AT070051)
  • 昆明三正生物科技(集团)有限公司曹艳茹专家基层科研工作站项目(2023007)
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2026年第66卷第7期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260046
  • 接收时间:2026-01-17
  • 首发时间:2026-07-06
  • 出版时间:2026-07-04
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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-17
  • 录用日期:2026-02-26
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The Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Thchnology General Program(202301AT070051)
云南省科技厅面上项目(202301AT070051)
Expert Grassroots Scientific Research Workstation Project of CAO Yanru at Kunming Saturn Biological Technology (Group) Co., Ltd(2023007)
昆明三正生物科技(集团)有限公司曹艳茹专家基层科研工作站项目(2023007)
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    1.昆明三正生物科技(集团)有限公司,云南 昆明
    2.昆明学院 农学与生命科学学院,云南 昆明

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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