Article(id=1280817674187936727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1280817479555462000, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260030, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1768147200000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1770652800000, acceptedDateStr=2026-02-10, onlineDate=1783300329968, onlineDateStr=2026-07-06, pubDate=1783094400000, pubDateStr=2026-07-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783300329968, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783300329968, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1783300329968, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1280817479555462000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='7', pageStart='3121', pageEnd='3677', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1783094400000', pubDateStr='2026-07-04', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783300283564, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1783326087324, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1280925708813832745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1280817479555462000, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1280925708813832746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1280817479555462000, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3597, endPage=3609, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1280817674645115864, articleId=1280817674187936727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Targeted isolation of cyclic octapeptide surugamides produced by deep-sea-derived Streptomyces sp. NA13 and exploration of their plant growth-promoting activities, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To achieve the targeted isolation of the cyclooctapeptides, surugamides, from the deep-sea-derived Streptomyces sp. NA13 and explore their biological activities. Methods An approach integrating genome mining and LC-MS/MS molecular networking was employed to discover cyclopeptides from Streptomyces sp. NA13. Through systematic natural product isolation and characterization, these compounds were identified as surugamides. Their growth-promoting effects on Oryza sativa and Zea mays were assessed. Results Four cyclooctapeptides (surugamides A, B, D, and E) were isolated and identified. They had significant effects of promoting root growth in Z. mays and O. sativa seedlings. Notably, surugamide A at a concentration of 0.1 µmol/L demonstrated particularly outstanding growth-promoting effects on Z. mays roots. Conclusion This study uncovers the novel plant growth-promoting activity of surugamides, offering lead compounds for the development of innovative marine microbial-derived plant growth regulators.

, authors=Wenkun ZHANG1, 2, Yan BAI2, Xianpu NI1, Jiangchun HU1, 2, Huaqi PAN1, 2, authorsList=Wenkun ZHANG, Yan BAI, Xianpu NI, Jiangchun HU, Huaqi PAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Huaqi PAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1280817677866341349, articleId=1280817674187936727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=深海链霉菌NA13产环八肽surugamides的靶向分离及其植物促生活性发掘, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 靶向挖掘深海链霉菌(Streptomyces sp.) NA13中环八肽类化合物surugamides并筛选其生物活性。 方法 结合基因组挖掘与LC-MS/MS分子网络分析,从深海链霉菌NA13中识别环肽类化合物,用天然产物化学手段分离与鉴定surugamides,并测定其抗菌活性及对水稻和玉米的促生长作用。 结果 分离和鉴定4个环八肽化合物(surugamides A、B、D、E),生物活性筛选结果表明,它们均能显著促进玉米和水稻幼苗根或茎的生长,其中surugamide A在0.1 μmol/L浓度下对玉米的促生根效果尤为突出。 结论 本研究发现surugamides类化合物促进植物生长的新功能,为开发新型海洋微生物源植物生长调节剂提供了候选活性成分。

, authors=张文坤1, 2, 白岩2, 倪现朴1, 胡江春1, 2, 潘华奇1, 2, authorsList=张文坤, 白岩, 倪现朴, 胡江春, 潘华奇, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=潘华奇, authorNote=

作者贡献声明

张文坤:数据收集和处理、论文撰写和修改;白岩:数据收集和处理、论文修改;倪现朴:论文修改;胡江春:提供资源、论文修改;潘华奇:获取基金、研究构思和设计、提供资源、论文修改。

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A-D show the results for promoting Oryza sativa root length; E-J show the results for promoting Zea mays root length. A and E compare surugamide A with the blank control; B and F compare surugamide B with the blank control; C and I compare trans-zeaxanthin with the blank control; D and J compare gibberellin with the blank control; G compare surugamide D with the blank control; H compare surugamide E with the blank control., figureFileSmall=o8HohE7MJvhpxH+URogVQA==, figureFileBig=nOfGgHycTpUm6JeQmZEINQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925064795243108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817674187936727, language=CN, label=图6, caption=环八肽surugamides和阳性对照赤霉素及反式玉米素对水稻和玉米根系生长的影响, figureFileSmall=o8HohE7MJvhpxH+URogVQA==, figureFileBig=nOfGgHycTpUm6JeQmZEINQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925064979792485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817674187936727, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primary root length (cm) and stem length (cm) of plants promoted by the cyclooctapeptide surugamides

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SeedPositionConcentration/(μmol/L)SurugamideGibberellintrans-zeaxanthinBlank control
ABDE
Oryza sativaPrimary root length/cm0.13.8±0.5****3.5±0.4***3.4±0.43.3±0.33.4±0.5*3.8±0.6****3.2±0.3
0.013.4±0.63.3±0.63.2±0.43.2±0.83.6±0.4***3.4±0.6
0.0012.5±0.52.2±0.42.4±0.42.3±0.63.1±0.62.7±0.7
Stem length/cm0.11.3±0.21.5±0.1****1.4±0.2**1.5±0.2****1.3±0.21.3±0.21.3±0.1
0.011.2±0.11.4±0.1**1.2±0.11.3±0.21.4±0.2***1.4±0.1***
0.0010.9±0.20.9±0.10.9±0.10.9±0.11.0±0.11.0±0.2
Zea maysPrimary root length/cm0.14.7±0.6****4.3±0.6****4.4±0.7****4.4±0.6****4.0±0.5****4.8±0.6****3.3±0.4
0.014.0±0.6***4.1±0.5****4.2±0.3****3.8±0.6**4.6±0.7****4.6±0.4****
0.0013.2±0.73.2±0.53.7±0.2**3.4±0.54.1±0.6****4.1±0.5****
Stem length/cm0.11.1±0.1***1.0±0.21.0±0.1*1.1±0.2**1.0±0.2*1.0±0.20.9±0.2
0.011.2±0.2****0.9±0.21.0±0.20.9±0.21.1±0.2**0.9±0.2
0.0010.8±0.20.8±0.10.8±0.20.8±0.11.1±0.3**0.9±0.1
), ArticleFig(id=1280925065063678566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817674187936727, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

环八肽surugamides促进植物生长的主根长度和茎长

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SeedPositionConcentration/(μmol/L)SurugamideGibberellintrans-zeaxanthinBlank control
ABDE
Oryza sativaPrimary root length/cm0.13.8±0.5****3.5±0.4***3.4±0.43.3±0.33.4±0.5*3.8±0.6****3.2±0.3
0.013.4±0.63.3±0.63.2±0.43.2±0.83.6±0.4***3.4±0.6
0.0012.5±0.52.2±0.42.4±0.42.3±0.63.1±0.62.7±0.7
Stem length/cm0.11.3±0.21.5±0.1****1.4±0.2**1.5±0.2****1.3±0.21.3±0.21.3±0.1
0.011.2±0.11.4±0.1**1.2±0.11.3±0.21.4±0.2***1.4±0.1***
0.0010.9±0.20.9±0.10.9±0.10.9±0.11.0±0.11.0±0.2
Zea maysPrimary root length/cm0.14.7±0.6****4.3±0.6****4.4±0.7****4.4±0.6****4.0±0.5****4.8±0.6****3.3±0.4
0.014.0±0.6***4.1±0.5****4.2±0.3****3.8±0.6**4.6±0.7****4.6±0.4****
0.0013.2±0.73.2±0.53.7±0.2**3.4±0.54.1±0.6****4.1±0.5****
Stem length/cm0.11.1±0.1***1.0±0.21.0±0.1*1.1±0.2**1.0±0.2*1.0±0.20.9±0.2
0.011.2±0.2****0.9±0.21.0±0.20.9±0.21.1±0.2**0.9±0.2
0.0010.8±0.20.8±0.10.8±0.20.8±0.11.1±0.3**0.9±0.1
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深海链霉菌NA13产环八肽surugamides的靶向分离及其植物促生活性发掘
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张文坤 1, 2 , 白岩 2 , 倪现朴 1 , 胡江春 1, 2 , 潘华奇 1, 2
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(7): 3597-3609
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微生物学报 |研究报告 2026 , 66 (7) : 3597 -3609
深海链霉菌NA13产环八肽surugamides的靶向分离及其植物促生活性发掘
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张文坤1, 2, 白岩2, 倪现朴1, 胡江春1, 2, 潘华奇1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.沈阳药科大学,辽宁 沈阳
  • 2.中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁 沈阳
作者简介:

作者贡献声明

张文坤:数据收集和处理、论文撰写和修改;白岩:数据收集和处理、论文修改;倪现朴:论文修改;胡江春:提供资源、论文修改;潘华奇:获取基金、研究构思和设计、提供资源、论文修改。

Targeted isolation of cyclic octapeptide surugamides produced by deep-sea-derived Streptomyces sp. NA13 and exploration of their plant growth-promoting activities
Wenkun ZHANG1, 2, Yan BAI2, Xianpu NI1, Jiangchun HU1, 2, Huaqi PAN1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
  • 2.Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
出版时间: 2026-07-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260030
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目的 靶向挖掘深海链霉菌(Streptomyces sp.) NA13中环八肽类化合物surugamides并筛选其生物活性。 方法 结合基因组挖掘与LC-MS/MS分子网络分析,从深海链霉菌NA13中识别环肽类化合物,用天然产物化学手段分离与鉴定surugamides,并测定其抗菌活性及对水稻和玉米的促生长作用。 结果 分离和鉴定4个环八肽化合物(surugamides A、B、D、E),生物活性筛选结果表明,它们均能显著促进玉米和水稻幼苗根或茎的生长,其中surugamide A在0.1 μmol/L浓度下对玉米的促生根效果尤为突出。 结论 本研究发现surugamides类化合物促进植物生长的新功能,为开发新型海洋微生物源植物生长调节剂提供了候选活性成分。

环肽类化合物  /  链霉菌  /  基因组挖掘  /  分子网络技术  /  植物促生活性  /  植物生长调节剂

Objective To achieve the targeted isolation of the cyclooctapeptides, surugamides, from the deep-sea-derived Streptomyces sp. NA13 and explore their biological activities. Methods An approach integrating genome mining and LC-MS/MS molecular networking was employed to discover cyclopeptides from Streptomyces sp. NA13. Through systematic natural product isolation and characterization, these compounds were identified as surugamides. Their growth-promoting effects on Oryza sativa and Zea mays were assessed. Results Four cyclooctapeptides (surugamides A, B, D, and E) were isolated and identified. They had significant effects of promoting root growth in Z. mays and O. sativa seedlings. Notably, surugamide A at a concentration of 0.1 µmol/L demonstrated particularly outstanding growth-promoting effects on Z. mays roots. Conclusion This study uncovers the novel plant growth-promoting activity of surugamides, offering lead compounds for the development of innovative marine microbial-derived plant growth regulators.

cyclopeptide  /  Streptomyces  /  genome mining  /  molecular networking  /  plant growth-promoting activity  /  plant growth regulator
张文坤, 白岩, 倪现朴, 胡江春, 潘华奇. 深海链霉菌NA13产环八肽surugamides的靶向分离及其植物促生活性发掘. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (7) : 3597 -3609 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260030
Wenkun ZHANG, Yan BAI, Xianpu NI, Jiangchun HU, Huaqi PAN. Targeted isolation of cyclic octapeptide surugamides produced by deep-sea-derived Streptomyces sp. NA13 and exploration of their plant growth-promoting activities[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (7) : 3597 -3609 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260030
深海(水深1 000 m以下)约占整个海洋面积的90%,涵盖了地球上大部分生物圈,蕴藏着丰富的微生物资源[1]。深海环境具有高压、寡营养、低光照等特点,这些独特的环境条件促使深海微生物进化出特殊的生理特征及代谢机制,使其能够产生数量庞大、结构新颖、生物活性显著的次级代谢产物,是挖掘优良药用先导化合物的巨大宝库[2]。链霉菌作为深海微生物的主要类群,也是深海来源新天然产物的重要贡献者,已成为当前创新药物先导化合物的研究热点。
环肽(cyclic peptides)是一类在结构上呈闭合环状的重要肽类化合物,具有稳定且明确的二级结构构象,为多肽中兼具独特理化性质与生物活性的特殊组分[3]。其环状结构可通过酰胺键、内酯键、醚键、硫醚键及二硫键等多种共价键连接方式环合形成[4]。20世纪40年代,第一个环肽化合物gramicidin S的发现开启了环肽药物研究的大门[5]。在过去几十年里,已有40多种环肽药物获批上市,平均每年约有一种新的环肽药物获批,其中绝大多数来源于天然产物[6]。环肽类药物在临床治疗方面取得了巨大成功,经典代表包括奥曲肽、抗利尿激素、万古霉素和达托霉素等。环肽在新药研发领域取得成功主要归因于其良好的结合亲和力、高靶向选择性及低毒性等优点[7]。尤其是天然环肽大都具有复杂的化学结构,更多的手性中心提供了独特的化学空间,具有更高的成药性[8]。天然来源的环肽具有多种潜在的生物学活性,包括子宫收缩、溶血、抗菌、抗肿瘤活性等[9]。由此可见,环肽化合物具有广阔的应用前景。
本研究团队前期从深海沉积物中筛选到一株链霉菌NA13,其基因组蕴含丰富的新型次级代谢产物合成基因簇,并从中发现了一系列聚酮类抗虫化合物,能够干扰棉铃虫幼虫的取食行为,导致取食量大幅减少,进而抑制其生长发育[10]。然而,深入分析其基因组发现,该菌株具备合成非核糖体肽(non-ribosomal peptides, NRPs)和非核糖体肽-聚酮(non-ribosomal peptides-polyketides, NRPs-PKs)杂合型肽类化合物的潜力,进一步的LC-MS/MS分子网络分析显示,除抗霉素类化合物外,该菌株还能产生丰富且结构新颖的环八肽类化合物[10]。因此,本研究对链霉菌NA13中的环八肽类化合物进行了靶向分离与结构鉴定,并开展了系统的生物活性筛选与评价,以期为其在生物医药和绿色农药创制中的应用提供科学依据。
深海链霉菌NA13为本研究团队前期从南中国海(13°58.498′N, 113°2.353′E) 2 460 m深处的沉积物中分离获得的一株放线菌,保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏号为CCTCC M 20221343[10];水稻种子采用籼稻品种,玉米种子采用河北拖车头农业科技有限公司的黄糯玉米品种。
Sephadex LH-20凝胶,GE Healthcare公司;氘代DMSO试剂,上海皓鸿生物医药科技有限公司;分析纯试剂,天津市大茂化学试剂厂;LC-DAD-MS/MS (TSQ Quantum Access MAX)、超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UPLC-Q Exactive MS)、UltiMate 3000高效液相色谱仪试剂,ThermoFisher Scientific公司。
冷冻干燥机,博医康(北京)实验仪器有限公司;超级洁净工作台和HDL恒温振荡器,北京东联哈尔仪器制造有限公司;全温振荡器,常州金坛精达仪器制造有限公司;生化培养箱,上海一恒科技有限公司;分析天平,Sigma-Aldrich公司;循环水式多用真空泵,郑州长城科工贸有限公司;大容量高速冷冻离心机,湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司;旋转蒸发器,上海亚荣生化仪器厂;数控超声波清洗器,昆山市超声仪器有限公司;通风系统控制器,荣翰气流控制技术(苏州)有限公司;超纯水系统,重庆颐洋企业发展有限公司;薄层层析硅胶,青岛海洋化工厂。
基于本课题组Bai等[10]已完成的链霉菌NA13基因组测序数据(GenBank登录号为CP113103和CP113104),采用antiSMASH 8.0和FramePlot 8.0 beta等在线工具对其NRPs类次级代谢产物生物合成基因簇进行预测与分析。
利用HPLC-Q Exactive MS/MS对活性粗提物进行进一步分析。首先采集二级质谱数据,然后使用MSConvert软件将原始LC-MS/MS质谱数据文件转换为.mzXML格式,上传至GNPS数据库,并运用Cytoscape软件进行可视化。借助GNPS数据平台构建分子网络,识别具有氨基酸裂解规律的“环肽家族”分子簇。对“环肽家族”分子簇的节点进行分析,比较相关节点间MS/MS质谱数据的差异,以确定环肽化合物的多样性和新颖性,从而锁定目标分子簇。
参照文献[10]的方法完成链霉菌NA13的发酵培养及粗提物A的制备。根据化合物极性差异对粗提物A采用快速硅胶柱色谱进行二氯甲烷-甲醇(100:0→0:100,体积比)梯度洗脱初步分离,收集100:20洗脱流分f6;经Sephadex LH-20凝胶除杂后,进一步根据环肽类化合物HPLC-DAD特征进行半制备反相HPLC分离,流动相为70%甲醇水溶液,流速2.5 mL/min,获得化合物1 (tR 22.1 min)、2 (tR 16.5 min)、3 (tR 18.3 min)和4 (tR 19.4 min)。其分离流程数据已上传至ScienceDB数据库((http://www.scidb.cn),CSTR编号为31253.11.sciencedb.j00231.00060)。
将制备获得的单体化合物1-4及阳性对照赤霉素、反式玉米素分别溶于甲醇,配制成浓度为5 mmol/L的母液,再用无菌水稀释为0.1、0.01、0.001 μmol/L的供试品溶液(甲醇体积分数小于1%)。将水稻和玉米种子用75%乙醇消毒5 min,蒸馏水冲洗3次。随后将处理后的种子置于铺有9 cm纤维素滤纸的玻璃培养皿中,于24 ℃黑暗条件下孵育48 h使其萌发。待种子萌发2 d后,挑选大小均一的种子(n=30)置于铺有9 cm纤维素滤纸的玻璃培养皿中,试验组加入供试品溶液4 mL,空白对照组加入等体积蒸馏水4 mL。最后,在无土条件下于光照16 h/黑暗8 h的光周期下培养2 d,测量主根长度和茎长。
采用antiSMASH 8.0对链霉菌NA13的次级代谢产物生物合成基因簇(SMBGCs)进行预测分析。结果显示,链霉菌NA13基因组中包含25个SMBGCs,可划分为12种类型,涵盖NRPs类、PKs类、萜类、铁载体类和硫肽抗生素类等。值得注意的是,NRPs类基因簇有8个(32%),NRPs-like类基因簇有1个(4%),能够产生肽类化合物的SMBGCs共9个,占比高达36%。其中,6个SMBGCs可合成已知骨架的肽类化合物,分别为indigoidine、dudomycin A、surugamide A、cyclofaulknamycin、SGR PTMs和diisonitrile antibiotic SF2768 (图1,CSTR编号为31253.11.sciencedb.j00231.00060)。其余3个SMBGCs可合成未知骨架的肽类化合物。综上,链霉菌NA13的SMBGCs极为丰富,具备产生多种环肽骨架化合物的潜力。
以链霉菌NA13发酵提取物的LC-MS/MS质谱数据构建代谢产物的分子网络(图2A)。分子网络分析显示,其中一类主要代谢产物聚集形成的分子簇,其二级质谱呈现规律性的氨基酸片段裂解特征,推测该分子簇可能为肽类化合物。将分子网络数据与GNPS数据库进行匹配,该分子簇被识别为“surugamide”环八肽家族,共有19个相互连接的节点,代表至少19个肽类化合物(图2B)。其中可识别出surugamide A、surugamide B、surugamide E、surugamide G、surugamide H和surugamide I (图2B)。截至目前,surugamides类化合物已报道21个[11-16],排除上述已报道的6个节点,其余13个节点均为未知化合物。根据二级质谱裂解规律推测出3个新化合物(cyclo Cys-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Ile-Phe-Leu、cyclo Ile-Ser-Ile-Ile-Lys-Ile-Phe-Leu和cyclo Ile-Thr-Ile-Met-Lys-Val-Phe-Leu)的平面结构,其余10个新化合物结构未知(CSTR编号为31253.11.sciencedb.j00231.00060;图2图3)。
采用结构导向的分离策略,从链霉菌NA13粗提物中分离得到4个单体化合物1-4,质量分别为52.3、2.5、3.8、3.6 mg。通过核磁共振波谱技术对其结构进行鉴定,具体解析过程如下。
化合物1的氢谱(DMSO-d6)显示8个酰胺质子信号:δH 8.45 (1H, d, J=8.2 Hz),8.27 (1H, d, J=7.4 Hz),8.01 (1H, d, J=7.4 Hz),7.83 (1H, s),7.77 (1H, d, J=6.2 Hz),7.70 (1H, m),7.67 (1H, s),7.52 (1H, s)和8个α-氢质子信号:δH 4.37 (1H, m),4.30 (1H, m),4.27 (1H, t, J=6.7 Hz),4.23 (1H, m),4.18 (1H, m),4.16 (1H, m),4.07 (1H, t, J=7.1 Hz),3.86 (1H, t, J=6.4 Hz),提示具有8个氨基酸残基。化合物1的碳谱(DMSO-d6)显示8个羰基信号(δC 172.5、172.4、172.4、172.3、171.2、170.9、170.9、168.9)和8个α-碳信号(δC 57.8、57.5、57.4、56.6、54.6、52.2、51.7、47.9)。上述核磁数据表明,化合物1为八肽类化合物。综合HSQC、HMBC和1H-1H COSY谱图分析,8个氨基酸残基分别为4个异亮氨酸、1个丙氨酸、1个赖氨酸、1个苯丙氨酸和1个亮氨酸。通过HMBC和ROESY谱确定氨基酸连接顺序:δH 7.52 (Ile1-NH)/4.23 (Leu8-α-H),7.77 (Ala2-NH)/4.07 (Ile1-α-H),8.27 (Ile3-NH)/4.27 (Ala2-α-H),8.01 (Ile4-NH)/4.18 (Ile3-α-H),7.67 (Lys5-NH)/4.16 (Ile4-α-H),7.83 (Ile6-NH)/4.30 (Lys5-α-H),8.45 (Phe7-NH)/3.86 (Ile6-α-H),7.70 (Leu8-NH)/4.37 (Phe7-α-H)。因此,化合物1的氨基酸连列为N-Ile-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Ile-Phe-Leu-C。将核磁数据与文献[14]比对,鉴定化合物1为surugamide A (图4)。
化合物2的氢谱(DMSO-d6)显示8个酰胺质子信号:δH 8.40 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz),8.15 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz),8.01 (2H, d, J=7.3 Hz),7.76 (2H, s),7.68 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz),7.64 (1H, s)和8个α-氢质子信号δH 4.41 (1H, t, J=3.5 Hz),4.29 (2H, m),4.26 (1H, m),4.18 (1H, t, J=8.2 Hz),4.11 (1H, t, J=7.2 Hz),4.05 (1H, t, J=7.5 Hz),3.88 (1H, t, J=6.3 Hz),提示具有8个氨基酸残基。化合物2的碳谱(DMSO-d6)显示8个羰基信号(δC 172.4、172.3、172.1、171.6、170.8、170.8、170.5、170.4)和8个α碳信号(δC 58.9、57.7、57.4、57.1、54.3、52.0、51.7、48.1)。核磁数据表明,化合物2与化合物1结构类似,同属环八肽类化合物。经核磁数据比对,化合物1中Ile4被Val取代,因此鉴定化合物2为surugamide B (图4),该结果与文献[17]报道的surugamide B核磁数据一致。
化合物3的氢谱(DMSO-d6)显示8个酰胺质子信号:δH 8.42 (1H, d, J=8.3 Hz),8.26 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz),7.98 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz),7.81 (2H, d, J= 5.9 Hz),7.70 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz),7.65 (1H, s),7.56 (1H, d, J=6.1 Hz)和8个α-氢质子信号:δH 4.38 (1H, t, J=3.5 Hz),4.30 (1H, m),4.27 (1H, t, J=6.7 Hz),4.23 (1H, m),4.17 (1H, m),4.14 (1H, m),4.09 (1H, t, J=7.3 Hz),3.88 (1H, t, J=6.3 Hz),提示具有8个氨基酸残基。化合物3的碳谱(DMSO-d6)显示8个羰基信号(δC 172.4、172.4、172.3、172.1、171.1、170.9、170.9、169.8)和8个α碳信号(δC 58.7、57.7、57.2、56.5、54.6、52.2、51.7、47.9)。核磁数据表明,化合物3也是一个环八肽类化合物。与化合物1核磁数据比对,化合物1中Ile3被Val取代,进一步与文献[18]数据比对,鉴定化合物3为surugamide D (图4)。
化合物4的氢谱(DMSO-d6)显示8个酰胺质子信号:δH 8.49 (1H, d, J=8.2 Hz),8.30 (1H, d, J=7.3 Hz),8.02 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz),7.90 (1H, s),7.72 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz),7.63 (1H, s),7.39 (1H, s)和8个α-氢质子信号:δH 4.37 (1H, t, J=3.4 Hz),4.32 (1H, m),4.25 (1H, t, J=6.7 Hz),4.19 (2H, m),4.13 (1H, m),4.06 (1H, t, J=7.1 Hz),3.83 (1H, t, J=6.3 Hz),提示具有8个氨基酸残基。化合物4的碳谱(DMSO-d6)显示8个羰基信号(δC 172.7、172.6、172.5、172.4、171.3、170.9、170.9、169.8)和8个α-碳信号(δC 58.0、57.9、57.5、56.7、54.7、52.4、51.4、47.9)。核磁数据表明,化合物4具有surugamide环八肽的典型结构特征。与化合物1核磁数据比对,化合物1中Ile1被Val取代,进一步与文献[18-19]数据比对,鉴定化合物4为surugamide E (图4)。
通过antiSMASH预测,链霉菌NA13基因组中含有surugamide类化合物的生物合成基因簇(图5)。分析该类环八肽的生物合成基因簇,发现其由典型的非核糖体多肽合成酶(NRPSs)催化合成。根据文献[11,20-21],负责合成环八肽的2个基因surAsurD之间插入了另外2个NRPSs基因surBsurC,其编码产物SurB与SurC因缺乏典型的硫酯酶结构域(TE),负责合成结构完全不同的十肽cyclosurugamide F及其衍生物surugamide F,这体现了该基因簇独特的生物合成体系。
据报道,surugamides生物合成基因簇最早从海洋链霉菌Streptomyces sp. JAMM992中被发现,随后Xu等[22]surAsurB基因进行敲除,发现surA是surugamide A生物合成所必需的,并推测NRPSs基因surAsurD负责surugamide A的合成。2019年,Xu等[20]进一步证明,surBsurC基因簇的缺失不影响环状surugamide A的合成,而在surD基因编码框前引入强启动子可显著提高surugamide A的产量,从而确认了surAsurD基因负责surugamide A生物合成的推论。总之,surugamide类化合物由非核糖体多肽合成酶SurA与SurD催化合成,7个肽链延伸模块均含有腺苷化域(A)、缩合域(C)和肽基载体蛋白域(PCP),部分模块还携带差向异构域(E)以调控氨基酸的立体构型,通过各结构域的序贯催化实现线性八肽前体的逐步延伸[21,23]。最终,依赖SurE型青霉素结合蛋白家族硫酯酶(TE)介导大环化反应,将线性多肽前体环合为surugamides。
以surugamide A为例,其生物合成由SurA和SurD这2个NRPSs依次装配8个氨基酸,并通过E结构域将肽链中第2、4、7、8位的4个L-氨基酸异构化为D型[20]。A结构域是NRPSs中的核心元件,负责底物识别与腺苷化活化,其底物宽泛性是天然产物结构多样化的关键基础[24]。通过antiSMASH 8.0分析基因组中A结构域的底物特异性(CSTR编号为31253.11.sciencedb.j00231.00060),结果表明其具有较宽的底物识别范围,可识别亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和缬氨酸等,因此surugamide B、surugamide D和surugamide E的合成分别是通过A结构域将surugamide A第4模块、第3模块和第1模块中底物异亮氨酸识别为缬氨酸,而D-氨基酸的数目与位置保持不变[17]
测定surugamides A、B、D和E对水稻和玉米幼苗的促生长活性,促根生长结果如表1图6所示。Surugamides A和B在0.1 μmol/L浓度下表现出与阳性对照赤霉素和反式玉米素相当的促进水稻根生长活性;surugamides A、B、D和E在0.1 μmol/L和0.01 μmol/L浓度下均表现出显著的促进玉米根生长活性,其中surugamides A在0.1 μmol/L浓度下的促生根效果优于阳性对照赤霉素。
促茎生长结果如表1所示,surugamides B、D和E在0.1 μmol/L浓度下均表现出与阳性对照反式玉米素相当的促进水稻茎生长活性;surugamides A、D和E在0.1 μmol/L浓度下表现出与阳性对照赤霉素相当的促进玉米茎生长活性。
本研究探讨了深海链霉菌NA13中4个环八肽类化合物对玉米和水稻生长的影响。植物促生长结果表明,surugamides A、B、D和E对玉米和水稻均具有显著的促生作用。其中,surugamide A的促生根效果优于其他3个化合物,这可能与其CH3取代基数量多于其他3个化合物有关。当surugamide A浓度为0.1 μmol/L时,水稻种子萌发后培养2 d,其根长可达3.8 cm,较空白对照增加0.6 cm;玉米种子萌发后培养2 d,其根长可达4.7 cm,较空白对照组增加1.4 cm (表1)。
尽管海洋天然产物因其显著的结构多样性与生物活性备受关注,但目前将其作为植物生长调节剂(PGRs)的研究仍十分有限,已有报道中仅去铁胺衍生物等极少数物质被证实具有促进根系生长的作用[25]。因此,从海洋微生物资源中发掘具有促生活性的新颖结构仍是当前值得深入探索的方向。为此,本研究采用基于潜力菌株优选和多组学挖掘的高效发现微生物天然产物先导结构研究体系(systematic pipeline for efficient lead structure discovery from microbial natural products by promising strain selection and multi-omics mining, SPLSD)[26],以具有独特和新颖SMBGCs的潜力菌株链霉菌NA13为研究对象,通过培养激活结合基于液相色谱-串联质谱的分子网络技术,在复杂代谢组分中快速锁定结构独特的目标次级代谢产物,使目标化合物结构更具预测性、分离更具靶向性。遗憾的是,本研究通过分子网络技术识别的一系列潜在新化合物因含量低、组分复杂,最终未能获得新颖的surugamides单体化合物。
液相色谱-串联质谱技术凭借其高分辨率与高灵敏度,在微量成分分析中展现出显著优势。分子网络是一种用于组织和分析质谱数据的计算策略,根据谱图相似性对质谱数据进行分组,使具有相似裂解规律的分子相互连接形成网络[27-28]。此外,谱图相似性可外推至分子间的结构相似性,从而将分子间的结构关系可视化[28]。将分子网络与谱库匹配及其他网络注释工具相结合,已使其成为基于质谱的代谢组挖掘与代谢物鉴定中的有力工具[27,29]。这类方法通过整合谱库匹配与计算注释工具(如MS2LDA、NAP等),可实现对复杂代谢产物混合物的快速分类与靶向筛选[26]
环八肽surugamides及其衍生物是一类具有广泛生物活性的先导化合物,不仅对多种人类癌细胞显示出细胞毒性[15],还能有效抑制组织蛋白酶B活性[18],并对重要动物寄生虫(如犬恶丝虫和捻转血矛线虫)具有强效的抑制发育和运动作用[14]。本研究通过广泛筛选其抗真菌、抗细菌和植物生长促进活性,结果表明,尽管surugamides未能显示出显著的抗真菌(白色念珠菌)和抗细菌(金黄色葡萄球菌)活性,但对两大粮食作物水稻和玉米表现出明显的促进生根和生长活性。这也符合SPLSD策略所倡导的天然产物挖掘与广泛生物活性筛选相结合的理念,充分发挥了天然产物的潜在应用价值[26]
植物促生活性,特别是促进根系生长,在当前农业研究中日益受到重视。尽管已有多种植物生长调节剂应用于农业生产,但专门针对根系生长的产品仍较为有限。根系是水分与养分吸收的关键器官,其发育状况直接影响作物抗逆性与产量[30]。近年来,随着可持续农业需求的增长,开发结构新颖、活性高效且环境友好的促生根活性物质已成为该领域重要且迫切的研究方向。本研究表明,surugamides A、B、D和E在不同作物中表现出明显的生长调节活性,且效果具有显著的浓度依赖性和物种特异性。其中,水稻对0.1 μmol/L较高浓度响应最为敏感,surugamides A和B均能显著促进其根与茎的伸长,效果与阳性对照相当;surugamides A、B、D和E在0.1 μmol/L浓度下均表现出对玉米根的促生效果。整体而言,surugamides A、B、D和E对水稻和玉米均表现出良好的促根生长潜力,尤以surugamide A的活性最为突出。尽管其选择性促进植物生长的作用机制尚不明确,有待进一步深入研究,但这些发现有望为保障国家粮食安全、开发新型植物生长调节剂提供新思路和关键活性成分。
综上所述,本研究利用基因组挖掘和分子网络技术高效靶向分离和鉴定了环八肽surugamides类化合物,报道了环八肽类化合物具有促进植物生长的生物活性,发现了surugamides促进植物生长的新功能。同时,这种多功能活性展现出surugamides潜在的多靶点作用特点,将为surugamides在多功能医药和绿色农药研发中的应用提供重要参考。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1501200)
  • 国家自然科学基金(U23A20107)
  • 中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(Y2022063)
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2026年第66卷第7期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260030
  • 接收时间:2026-01-12
  • 首发时间:2026-07-06
  • 出版时间:2026-07-04
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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-12
  • 录用日期:2026-02-10
基金
The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1501200)
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1501200)
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20107)
国家自然科学基金(U23A20107)
The Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y2022063)
中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(Y2022063)
作者信息
    1.沈阳药科大学,辽宁 沈阳
    2.中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁 沈阳

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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