Article(id=1280817628558111661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1280817479555462000, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250975, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1766678400000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1774713600000, acceptedDateStr=2026-03-29, onlineDate=1783300319088, onlineDateStr=2026-07-06, pubDate=1783094400000, pubDateStr=2026-07-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783300319088, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783300319088, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1783300319088, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1280817479555462000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='7', pageStart='3121', pageEnd='3677', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1783094400000', pubDateStr='2026-07-04', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783300283564, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1783326087324, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1280925708813832745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1280817479555462000, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1280925708813832746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1280817479555462000, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3394, endPage=3408, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1280817628943987630, articleId=1280817628558111661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Cinnamaldehyde inhibits exogenous plasmid acquisition via conjugative transfer in Vibrio harveyi and its potential mechanism, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate whether cinnamaldehyde affects the acquisition of exogenous plasmids via conjugative transfer in Vibrio harveyi and to elucidate the potential mechanism. Methods V. harveyi 345 was used as the recipient strain, and an Escherichia coli strain harboring the shuttle plasmid pMMB207 served as the donor. The efficiency of exogenous plasmid acquisition by V. harveyivia conjugative transfer was analyzed before and after cinnamaldehyde treatments at three different stages: Treatment 1 (cinnamaldehyde added during the early logarithmic phase of V. harveyi), Treatment 2 (cinnamaldehyde added during the plate-mating process), and Treatment 3 (cinnamaldehyde added during both stages). Changes in biofilm-forming ability of V. harveyi before and after cinnamaldehyde treatments were assessed. Furthermore, qPCR was used to monitor the changes in the expression of quorum sensing (QS)-related genes under Treatment 1 and Treatment 2. Results Cinnamaldehyde at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 µg/mL reduced the conjugative transfer efficiency by 59%, 98%, 87%, 85%, and 83% under Treatment 1 and by 51%, 85%, 36%, 93%, and 49% under Treatment 2, respectively. Under Treatment 3, cinnamaldehyde at 1, 2, and 8 µg/mL decreased the conjugative transfer efficiency by 71%, 14%, and 75%, respectively. Cinnamaldehyde treatments did not significantly alter biofilm formation. Under Treatment 1, cinnamaldehyde led to no significant changes in the expression of QS-related genes (P>0.05). Under Treatment 2, after 4 h of conjugation, the treatment with 8 µg/mL cinnamaldehyde downregulated the expression of luxM, luxN, luxS, and luxP by 1.47 to 2.94 folds (P<0.05). Meanwhile, treatments with 0.5-8 µg/mL cinnamaldehyde downregulated luxR expression by 1.16 to 3.19 folds (P<0.05). Conclusion Cinnamaldehyde suppresses conjugative plasmid transfer, most likely by attenuating quorum sensing (QS). This study elucidates the role of cinnamaldehyde as a natural compound in regulating bacterial gene transfer and the potential spread of antibiotic resistance, providing a reference for the development of novel antibacterial adjuvants.

, authors=Haiye LUN1, 2, Zimeng ZHU1, Xujia ZHONG3, Juan FENG1, Hongling MA1, Yiqin DENG1, authorsList=Haiye LUN, Zimeng ZHU, Xujia ZHONG, Juan FENG, Hongling MA, Yiqin DENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yiqin DENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1280817632421065659, articleId=1280817628558111661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=肉桂醛抑制哈维弧菌通过接合转移获取外源质粒及其潜在作用机制, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究肉桂醛对哈维弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)通过接合转移获取外源质粒的影响,并解析其可能的作用机制。 方法 以哈维弧菌345为受体菌,以含穿梭质粒pMMB207的大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)为供体菌,分析不同阶段(处理1:哈维弧菌培养至对数早期;处理2:平板接合过程;处理3:双阶段)肉桂醛处理前后哈维弧菌接合转移效率的变化;检测肉桂醛处理前后哈维弧菌生物膜形成能力的变化;进一步利用qPCR分析处理1和处理2中群体感应相关基因的表达变化。 结果 0.5、1、2、4、8 µg/mL肉桂醛处理使处理1中接合转移效率分别下降59%、98%、87%、85%、83%,处理2中分别下降51%、85%、36%、93%、49%;处理3中肉桂醛浓度为1、2、8 µg/mL时接合转移效率分别下降71%、14%、75%。肉桂醛处理后生物膜形成能力无显著变化。在处理1中,肉桂醛处理后群体感应相关基因表达无显著差异(P>0.05);在处理2中,接合4 h后,仅8 µg/mL肉桂醛处理使luxMluxNluxSluxP基因表达量显著下降1.47-2.94倍(P<0.05);0.5-8 µg/mL肉桂醛处理使luxR基因表达量下降1.16-3.19倍(P<0.05)。 结论 肉桂醛可能通过抑制群体感应信号减少接合转移的发生。本研究阐明了肉桂醛作为天然化合物在调控细菌基因转移及阻断耐药性传播中的潜在作用,可为开发新型抗菌辅助剂提供参考。

, authors=论海叶1, 2, 朱梓萌1, 钟旭家3, 冯娟1, 马红玲1, 邓益琴1, authorsList=论海叶, 朱梓萌, 钟旭家, 冯娟, 马红玲, 邓益琴, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=邓益琴, authorNote=

作者贡献声明

论海叶:论文构思、实验设计与操作、数据分析、论文撰写;朱梓萌:论文修改;钟旭家:实验操作;冯娟:问题提出、论文讨论;马红玲:实验指导;邓益琴:论文写作指导与修改,实验设计和指导。

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Water Research, 2024, 253: 121222., articleTitle=Regulation of quorum sensing for the manipulation of conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater treatment system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1280925213466530514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817628558111661, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=9, issue=10, pageStart=2486, pageEnd=2495, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=62, authorNames=Defoirdt T, Miyamoto CM, Wood TK, Meighen EA, Sorgeloos P, Verstraete W, Bossier P, journalName=Environmental Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Defoirdt T, Miyamoto CM, Wood TK, Meighen EA, Sorgeloos P, Verstraete W, Bossier P. The natural furanone (5Z)-4-bromo-5-(bromomethylene)-3-butyl-2(5H)-furanone disrupts quorum sensing-regulated gene expression in Vibrio harveyi by decreasing the DNA-binding activity of the transcriptional regulator protein LuxR[J]. Environmental Microbiology, 2007, 9(10): 2486-2495., articleTitle=The natural furanone (5Z)-4-bromo-5-(bromomethylene)-3-butyl-2(5H)-furanone disrupts quorum sensing-regulated gene expression in Vibrio harveyi by decreasing the DNA-binding activity of the transcriptional regulator protein LuxR, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1280925197184242311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817628558111661, awardId=2024YFD2401403, language=EN, fundingSource=The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD2401403), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1280925197259739784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817628558111661, awardId=2024YFD2401403, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2024YFD2401403), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1280925197335237257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817628558111661, awardId=2024RC01, language=EN, fundingSource=The 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province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1280925191870059085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817628558111661, companyId=1280925191853281867, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.华南农业大学 海洋学院,广东 广州)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1280925195724624501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817628558111661, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Effects of different concentrations of cinnamaldehyde on the growth of Vibrio harveyi 345 and Escherichia coli GEB883. A: Effects of different concentrations of cinnamaldehyde on the growth of Vibrio harveyi 345; B: Effects of different concentrations of cinnamaldehyde on the growth of pMMB207/E. coli GEB883., figureFileSmall=03sptjWu8AjJH7Q8kuog2w==, figureFileBig=Fa0BwR0Y05vGk4EqYJ3mtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925195791733366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817628558111661, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同浓度肉桂醛对哈维弧菌345和大肠杆菌GEB883生长的影响, figureFileSmall=03sptjWu8AjJH7Q8kuog2w==, figureFileBig=Fa0BwR0Y05vGk4EqYJ3mtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925195892396663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817628558111661, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Changes in conjugative transfer efficiency before and after cinnamaldehyde treatment at different stages. A: Changes in conjugative transfer efficiency before and after treatment of logarithmic-phase recipient Vibrio harveyi with cinnamaldehyde; B: Changes in conjugative transfer efficiency before and after cinnamaldehyde treatment during plate mating between recipient Vibrio harveyi and donor Escherichia coli; C: Changes in conjugative transfer efficiency before and after two-stage cinnamaldehyde treatment. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001; ****: P<0.000 1; ns: Not significant (P>0.05)., figureFileSmall=VzDAcCG86UmeBi18r7oNlQ==, figureFileBig=PJaPO9xAYCcbv4veO7VAsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925195976282744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817628558111661, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同阶段肉桂醛处理前后接合转移效率的变化, figureFileSmall=VzDAcCG86UmeBi18r7oNlQ==, figureFileBig=PJaPO9xAYCcbv4veO7VAsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925196047585913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817628558111661, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Effect of cinnamaldehyde treatment on biofilm formation in the recipient bacterium Vibrio harveyi. Absence of asterisks indicates no significant difference (P>0.05)., figureFileSmall=RpxBOaZtsAKIhfvkbgRkMw==, figureFileBig=/1ZOgPsU1wcgtTgXWLNxhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925196118889082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817628558111661, language=CN, label=图3, caption=肉桂醛处理受体菌哈维弧菌后对生物膜形成的影响, figureFileSmall=RpxBOaZtsAKIhfvkbgRkMw==, figureFileBig=/1ZOgPsU1wcgtTgXWLNxhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925196206969467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817628558111661, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Validation of PCR primer specificity., figureFileSmall=3cbMGn+O9WYHfoGEHPC6mQ==, figureFileBig=8UuB/kNLSz5+wAD423Ic7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925196269884028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817628558111661, language=CN, label=图4, caption=PCR引物特异性验证, figureFileSmall=3cbMGn+O9WYHfoGEHPC6mQ==, figureFileBig=8UuB/kNLSz5+wAD423Ic7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925196349575805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817628558111661, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Effect of cinnamaldehyde on QS-related gene expression in Vibrio harveyi post-treatment. Absence of asterisks indicates no significant difference (P>0.05)., figureFileSmall=e+0N/4+SQEiq4GDz/eJAAw==, figureFileBig=USu2AHQX+p10jl+rH5zc7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925196412490366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817628558111661, language=CN, label=图5, caption=肉桂醛处理受体菌哈维弧菌后QS相关基因表达量的变化, figureFileSmall=e+0N/4+SQEiq4GDz/eJAAw==, figureFileBig=USu2AHQX+p10jl+rH5zc7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925196496376447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817628558111661, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Effect of cinnamaldehyde treatment on the expression levels of QS-related genes during the conjugation process between the recipient bacterium Vibrio harveyi and the donor bacterium Escherichia coli on solid media, both before and after treatment. A: Relative expression of luxM; B: Relative expression of luxN; C: Relative expression of luxS; D: Relative expression of luxP; E: Relative expression of luxR. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001; ****: P<0.000 1; Absence of asterisks indicates no significant difference (P>0.05)., figureFileSmall=AAPzZKL8+gSBlx80qtw7kA==, figureFileBig=kS7MKOxfUBOalq4RlhGbvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925196601234048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817628558111661, language=CN, label=图6, caption=平板接合过程中肉桂醛处理对QS相关基因表达量的影响, figureFileSmall=AAPzZKL8+gSBlx80qtw7kA==, figureFileBig=kS7MKOxfUBOalq4RlhGbvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925196664148609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817628558111661, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Strains and plasmids used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Strain or plasmidRelevant characteristicsSource
Strains
Vibrio harveyi 345Isolated from the kidney of diseased groupers cultured in the southern coastal region of ChinaNCBI database CP025537.1-P025540.1
Escherichia coli GEB883Escherichia coli wild-type strain K12 ΔdapA::ermpir RP4-2 ΔrecA gyrA462, zei 298::Tn10; conjugative donor strain[27]
Plasmids
pMMB207AmpR, CmR, MobA, RecpA, RepC, lacI[34]
), ArticleFig(id=1280925196743840386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817628558111661, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究所用菌株和质粒

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Strain or plasmidRelevant characteristicsSource
Strains
Vibrio harveyi 345Isolated from the kidney of diseased groupers cultured in the southern coastal region of ChinaNCBI database CP025537.1-P025540.1
Escherichia coli GEB883Escherichia coli wild-type strain K12 ΔdapA::ermpir RP4-2 ΔrecA gyrA462, zei 298::Tn10; conjugative donor strain[27]
Plasmids
pMMB207AmpR, CmR, MobA, RecpA, RepC, lacI[34]
), ArticleFig(id=1280925196806754947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817628558111661, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Primers used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer namesPrimer sequences (5′→3′)Application
Com-pMMB207-check-FCTACTGAGCGCTGCCGCACAVerify whether the pMMB207 plasmid has been successfully transferred into Vibrio harveyivia conjugation
Com-pMMB207-check-RTCGTTTTATTTGATGCCTGGCAG

luxM-F

luxM-R

luxN-F

luxN-R

luxS-F

luxS-R

luxP-F

luxP-R

luxR-F

luxR-R

gyrA-F

CGACTTTGTAACCTGCTTGGTGC

TTACATCGCCAACACTGTCAAAGTG

TAGCGACTTACGGCTTGGTCTAC

GAGAATGGACAAACAGCGATCCAAC

CGATGCAAACTCCAAAGGGAGAC

CCAATCAAGCTCATGTAGAAACCGG

CAGTGTGCTGATGAACTTGGTCC

CACAGCCAGAAAGAGAGAAGTCGA

CGCGAAGGCAAACACCCTATC

TCTCACCACGTCTTTGAGCGTAAA

AGGTGTTCGCGGTATGAAGC

qPCR

reference gene

gyrA-RCGTTGGGTATTCCGCTAGTTC
), ArticleFig(id=1280925196882252420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817628558111661, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

本研究所用引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer namesPrimer sequences (5′→3′)Application
Com-pMMB207-check-FCTACTGAGCGCTGCCGCACAVerify whether the pMMB207 plasmid has been successfully transferred into Vibrio harveyivia conjugation
Com-pMMB207-check-RTCGTTTTATTTGATGCCTGGCAG

luxM-F

luxM-R

luxN-F

luxN-R

luxS-F

luxS-R

luxP-F

luxP-R

luxR-F

luxR-R

gyrA-F

CGACTTTGTAACCTGCTTGGTGC

TTACATCGCCAACACTGTCAAAGTG

TAGCGACTTACGGCTTGGTCTAC

GAGAATGGACAAACAGCGATCCAAC

CGATGCAAACTCCAAAGGGAGAC

CCAATCAAGCTCATGTAGAAACCGG

CAGTGTGCTGATGAACTTGGTCC

CACAGCCAGAAAGAGAGAAGTCGA

CGCGAAGGCAAACACCCTATC

TCTCACCACGTCTTTGAGCGTAAA

AGGTGTTCGCGGTATGAAGC

qPCR

reference gene

gyrA-RCGTTGGGTATTCCGCTAGTTC
), ArticleFig(id=1280925196953555589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817628558111661, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effect of cinnamaldehyde on conjugative transfer efficiency of Vibrio harveyi

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TreatmentCinnamaldehyde concentration/(µg/mL)
00.51248
11.000.41****0.02****0.13****0.15****0.18****
21.000.49****0.15****0.64****0.07****0.51****
31.001.05ns0.29****0.86*0.99ns0.25****
), ArticleFig(id=1280925197024858758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817628558111661, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

肉桂醛对哈维弧菌接合转移效率的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TreatmentCinnamaldehyde concentration/(µg/mL)
00.51248
11.000.41****0.02****0.13****0.15****0.18****
21.000.49****0.15****0.64****0.07****0.51****
31.001.05ns0.29****0.86*0.99ns0.25****
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肉桂醛抑制哈维弧菌通过接合转移获取外源质粒及其潜在作用机制
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论海叶 1, 2 , 朱梓萌 1 , 钟旭家 3 , 冯娟 1 , 马红玲 1 , 邓益琴 1
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(7): 3394-3408
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微生物学报 |研究报告 2026 , 66 (7) : 3394 -3408
肉桂醛抑制哈维弧菌通过接合转移获取外源质粒及其潜在作用机制
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论海叶1, 2, 朱梓萌1, 钟旭家3, 冯娟1, 马红玲1, 邓益琴1
作者信息
  • 1.中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东 广州
  • 2.河北农业大学 海洋学院,河北 秦皇岛
  • 3.华南农业大学 海洋学院,广东 广州
作者简介:

作者贡献声明

论海叶:论文构思、实验设计与操作、数据分析、论文撰写;朱梓萌:论文修改;钟旭家:实验操作;冯娟:问题提出、论文讨论;马红玲:实验指导;邓益琴:论文写作指导与修改,实验设计和指导。

Cinnamaldehyde inhibits exogenous plasmid acquisition via conjugative transfer in Vibrio harveyi and its potential mechanism
Haiye LUN1, 2, Zimeng ZHU1, Xujia ZHONG3, Juan FENG1, Hongling MA1, Yiqin DENG1
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
  • 2.Ocean College, Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
  • 3.College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
出版时间: 2026-07-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250975
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目的 探究肉桂醛对哈维弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)通过接合转移获取外源质粒的影响,并解析其可能的作用机制。 方法 以哈维弧菌345为受体菌,以含穿梭质粒pMMB207的大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)为供体菌,分析不同阶段(处理1:哈维弧菌培养至对数早期;处理2:平板接合过程;处理3:双阶段)肉桂醛处理前后哈维弧菌接合转移效率的变化;检测肉桂醛处理前后哈维弧菌生物膜形成能力的变化;进一步利用qPCR分析处理1和处理2中群体感应相关基因的表达变化。 结果 0.5、1、2、4、8 µg/mL肉桂醛处理使处理1中接合转移效率分别下降59%、98%、87%、85%、83%,处理2中分别下降51%、85%、36%、93%、49%;处理3中肉桂醛浓度为1、2、8 µg/mL时接合转移效率分别下降71%、14%、75%。肉桂醛处理后生物膜形成能力无显著变化。在处理1中,肉桂醛处理后群体感应相关基因表达无显著差异(P>0.05);在处理2中,接合4 h后,仅8 µg/mL肉桂醛处理使luxMluxNluxSluxP基因表达量显著下降1.47-2.94倍(P<0.05);0.5-8 µg/mL肉桂醛处理使luxR基因表达量下降1.16-3.19倍(P<0.05)。 结论 肉桂醛可能通过抑制群体感应信号减少接合转移的发生。本研究阐明了肉桂醛作为天然化合物在调控细菌基因转移及阻断耐药性传播中的潜在作用,可为开发新型抗菌辅助剂提供参考。

肉桂醛  /  接合转移  /  哈维弧菌  /  群体感应

Objective To investigate whether cinnamaldehyde affects the acquisition of exogenous plasmids via conjugative transfer in Vibrio harveyi and to elucidate the potential mechanism. Methods V. harveyi 345 was used as the recipient strain, and an Escherichia coli strain harboring the shuttle plasmid pMMB207 served as the donor. The efficiency of exogenous plasmid acquisition by V. harveyivia conjugative transfer was analyzed before and after cinnamaldehyde treatments at three different stages: Treatment 1 (cinnamaldehyde added during the early logarithmic phase of V. harveyi), Treatment 2 (cinnamaldehyde added during the plate-mating process), and Treatment 3 (cinnamaldehyde added during both stages). Changes in biofilm-forming ability of V. harveyi before and after cinnamaldehyde treatments were assessed. Furthermore, qPCR was used to monitor the changes in the expression of quorum sensing (QS)-related genes under Treatment 1 and Treatment 2. Results Cinnamaldehyde at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 µg/mL reduced the conjugative transfer efficiency by 59%, 98%, 87%, 85%, and 83% under Treatment 1 and by 51%, 85%, 36%, 93%, and 49% under Treatment 2, respectively. Under Treatment 3, cinnamaldehyde at 1, 2, and 8 µg/mL decreased the conjugative transfer efficiency by 71%, 14%, and 75%, respectively. Cinnamaldehyde treatments did not significantly alter biofilm formation. Under Treatment 1, cinnamaldehyde led to no significant changes in the expression of QS-related genes (P>0.05). Under Treatment 2, after 4 h of conjugation, the treatment with 8 µg/mL cinnamaldehyde downregulated the expression of luxM, luxN, luxS, and luxP by 1.47 to 2.94 folds (P<0.05). Meanwhile, treatments with 0.5-8 µg/mL cinnamaldehyde downregulated luxR expression by 1.16 to 3.19 folds (P<0.05). Conclusion Cinnamaldehyde suppresses conjugative plasmid transfer, most likely by attenuating quorum sensing (QS). This study elucidates the role of cinnamaldehyde as a natural compound in regulating bacterial gene transfer and the potential spread of antibiotic resistance, providing a reference for the development of novel antibacterial adjuvants.

cinnamaldehyde  /  conjugative transfer  /  Vibrio harveyi  /  quorum sensing
论海叶, 朱梓萌, 钟旭家, 冯娟, 马红玲, 邓益琴. 肉桂醛抑制哈维弧菌通过接合转移获取外源质粒及其潜在作用机制. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (7) : 3394 -3408 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250975
Haiye LUN, Zimeng ZHU, Xujia ZHONG, Juan FENG, Hongling MA, Yiqin DENG. Cinnamaldehyde inhibits exogenous plasmid acquisition via conjugative transfer in Vibrio harveyi and its potential mechanism[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (7) : 3394 -3408 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250975
抗生素耐药性已成为21世纪全球公共卫生领域的重大挑战,据世界卫生组织报告,耐药菌感染每年导致数百万人死亡,且这一数字呈持续增长趋势[1]。接合转移是介导细菌获得性耐药性传播的核心机制,研究表明80%的获得性耐药基因由这一机制介导[2],该过程通过质粒等可移动遗传元件的水平转移实现了耐药性在不同菌株间的快速扩散[3-4]。值得注意的是,接合转移过程中受体菌的生理状态尤为关键,其直接决定了外源遗传物质能否成功进入并表达[5]。哈维弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)作为一种重要的水产致病菌[6],大量研究证明其可通过接合转移等水平基因转移方式获取外源DNA,增强致病性和耐药性,从而增加了弧菌病防控的复杂性,对养殖安全和食品安全造成严重威胁[2-3,9]。因此,探索有效抑制哈维弧菌接合转移的策略对于控制其耐药性和致病性的传播具有重要意义。
肉桂醛是一种从肉桂树皮中提取的天然苯丙醛类化合物,在水产养殖中具有广泛应用前景[10-12],已被证明具有广谱抗微生物活性,对多种细菌和真菌均有显著抑制作用[13]。研究发现,肉桂醛对多种常见水产病原菌,如嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)、副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)等均表现出强烈的抑制作用,其机制包括破坏细菌细胞膜结构,导致细胞内容物泄漏[14-15];同时还能改善宿主肠道健康、增强免疫并促进生长[16-17];此外,肉桂醛还具有保鲜功效,可显著延长对虾等水产品的货架期[18-19]。因此,肉桂醛可作为绿色饲料添加剂和水产养殖病害防控剂。已有研究显示,肉桂醛能有效抑制受体菌的接合转移[20]。Brackman等[20]发现,肉桂醛可通过降低受体菌LuxR蛋白的DNA结合活性干扰群体感应系统,抑制多种弧菌属的生物膜形成,从而间接抑制接合转移效率。肉桂醛在亚抑菌浓度下能剂量依赖性地抑制生物膜形成,间接削弱受体菌接合转移所必需的菌体表面结构,进而抑制接合转移[21-22]。此外,肉桂醛还可通过“扰乱脂质双层、增加质子通透性”破坏膜完整性,在16 µg/mL和8 µg/mL下分别使生物膜形成量下降55%-75%,从而间接影响接合转移效率[23]
群体感应(quorum sensing, QS)是微生物通过合成、释放并检测特定信号分子[自诱导物(autoinducer, AI)]的浓度变化判断周围同类菌群密度并协调集体行为的过程。群体感应参与调控微生物的生物膜形成、毒力因子表达、抗生素合成等多种生理过程[24]。已有研究表明,QS也可影响受体菌的接合转移效率[25]。根据信号分子和感应机制的不同,细菌的群体感应系统通常分为3种主要类型。(1) 由酰基高丝氨酸内酯(N-acyl homoserine lactones, AHLs)介导的LuxR/I群体感应系统[26]。在该系统中,细菌通过胞内受体蛋白(如LuxR同源蛋白)感知环境中AHL信号分子的浓度,在种群密度达到阈值时激活或抑制相关基因的转录[27]。研究发现,将细菌中负责合成AHL的关键基因lasIrhlI分别敲除,可阻断AHL-SdiA信号通路;AHL信号缺失使LuxR蛋白无法二聚化并结合DNA,导致细菌表面黏附与配对能力大幅降低,最终使细菌获取外源质粒的接合转移频率显著下降[28]。(2) 由自诱导寡肽(autoinducing peptide, AIP)介导的群体感应系统[29]多见于革兰氏阳性菌。(3)由呋喃硼酸二酯(furanosyl borate diester, AI-2)介导的LuxS型群体感应系统[30]。该类系统在革兰氏阴性菌和阳性菌中均有检出,以AI-2类化合物作为信号分子[31]。当AI-2与膜周受体LuxP-LuxQ结合后启动磷酸化信号转导通路,激活转录调节因子LuxO,解除对接合转移相关基因的抑制,最终显著提升受体菌的质粒获取频率。进一步研究表明,外源添加AI-2合成酶抑制剂或AI-2结构类似物(如吡咯二酮类化合物)可有效阻断AI-2的信号积累;1 mmol/L肉桂醛即可阻断AI-2/LuxR信号级联,导致LuxO持续激活,进而使接合相关操纵子(如traC-trbD)的转录水平下降约46%,质粒接合转移频率降低42%[32]。上述结果直接证实,肉桂醛可通过干扰QS系统有效抑制接合转移。
本研究以海水养殖主要病原菌哈维弧菌为研究对象,在明确肉桂醛对接合转移供体菌(大肠杆菌)和受体菌(哈维弧菌)生长影响的基础上,确定对细菌生长无显著影响的浓度,评估其对受体菌哈维弧菌通过接合转移获取外源质粒及生物膜形成的影响;进一步通过结晶紫染色法分析肉桂醛处理前后生物膜的形成情况,并利用qPCR技术检测肉桂醛处理前后接合体系中细菌QS关键基因的表达水平变化,以阐明肉桂醛是否通过影响生物膜形成或调控QS系统等途径影响接合转移。本研究旨在揭示肉桂醛抑制哈维弧菌接合转移的作用机制,其理论价值在于为开发基于天然产物的接合转移抑制剂提供科学依据,应用价值在于为控制水产养殖中耐药性传播提供潜在策略。
受体菌为哈维弧菌(Vibrio harveyi) 345,供体菌为含穿梭质粒pMMB207的大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) GEB883[33],均保存于本实验室。本研究所用菌株和质粒见表1,引物见表2
肉桂醛、二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO)、结晶紫(crystal violet)、PBS缓冲液、DEPC水,生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;2×Accurate Taq预混液(含染料),湖南艾科瑞生物工程有限公司;2,6-二氨基庚二酸(2,6-diaminopimelic acid, DAP),西格玛奥德里奇(上海)贸易有限公司;RNAiso Plus,宝日医生物技术(北京)有限公司;反转录试剂盒HiScript Ⅲ 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (+gDNA wiper)和荧光定量反应试剂盒Taq Pro Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix,南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司;DNA提取试剂盒,天根生化科技(北京)有限公司;三氯甲烷、异丙醇、无水乙醇、甲醇(AR级),中国医药集团有限公司。
384孔荧光定量PCR仪,Analytik Jena公司;台式高速冷冻离心机,Sigma-Aldrich公司;自动压力蒸汽灭菌器,青岛海尔生物医疗股份有限公司;生化培养箱,上海一恒科技有限公司;摇床,太仓市试验仪器厂;超净工作台,苏州净化设备有限公司;紫外分光光度计,Thermo公司。
LB (luria-bertani)培养基及琼脂粉,广东环凯微生物科技有限公司。LB培养基(g/L):胰蛋白胨10.0,酵母提取物5.0,NaCl 10.0。LBS (luria-bertani-salt)培养基参照LB培养基并加以改良,将NaCl浓度提高至30 g/L。固体培养基均添加15 g/L琼脂[35]。LB+20 µg/mL Cm+0.3 mmol/L DAP液体/固体培养基、LBS+34 µg/mL Cm固体/液体培养基、LBS+0.3 mmol/L DAP固体培养基、LBS+0.3 mmol/L DAP+0.5、1、2、4、8 μg/mL肉桂醛固体/液体培养基。8 µg/mL肉桂醛的LBS培养基的配制:称取80 mg肉桂醛加入10 mL DMSO中,摇晃混匀使之完全溶解,得到8 mg/mL肉桂醛溶液,经0.22 µm滤膜过滤;取200 µL上述溶液加入200 mL LBS固体/液体培养基中。按照相同方法配制0.5、1、2、4 µg/mL肉桂醛的LBS培养基。以上培养基现配现用,配制体积根据需要调整。
将受体菌哈维弧菌345于LBS平板划线,28 ℃静置培养16-24 h,挑取单菌落,接种于3 mL LBS液体培养基中,28 ℃、180 r/min培养16-24 h。用添加不同浓度(0、0.5、1、2、4、8 μg/mL)肉桂醛的新鲜LBS无菌培养基将培养好的菌液稀释至OD600=0.01,28 ℃、180 r/min培养,监测不同时间点的OD600值,绘制生长曲线。
将供体菌pMMB207/E. coli GEB883于LB+20 µg/mL Cm+0.3 mmol/L DAP平板划线,37 ℃静置培养16-24 h,挑取单菌落,接种于3 mL LB+20 µg/mL Cm+0.3 mmol/L DAP液体培养基中,37 ℃、180 r/min培养16-24 h。用添加不同浓度(0、0.5、1、2、4、8 μg/mL)肉桂醛的新鲜LB+20 µg/mL Cm+0.3 mmol/L DAP无菌培养基将培养好的菌液稀释至OD600=0.01,37 ℃、180 r/min培养,使用分光光度计监测不同时间点的OD600值,绘制生长曲线。
供体菌pMMB207/E. coli GEB883划线接种于LB+20 µg/mL Cm+0.3 mmol/L DAP平板,37 ℃静置培养16-24 h;受体菌哈维弧菌345划线接种于LBS平板,28 ℃静置培养16-24 h;供体菌pMMB207/E. coli GEB883挑取单菌落接种于2 mL LB+20 µg/mL Cm+0.3 mmol/L DAP液体培养基,37 ℃、180 r/min培养16-24 h。受体菌哈维弧菌345挑取单菌落接种于2 mL LBS液体培养基,28 ℃、180 r/min培养16-24 h。
将培养过夜的供体菌pMMB207/E. coli GEB883按1:100稀释至10 mL LB+20 µg/mL Cm+0.3 mmol/L DAP液体培养基中,37 ℃、180 r/min振摇培养至对数早期。
仅在过夜受体菌稀释培养至对数早期时对受体菌进行处理,即利用含肉桂醛的LBS液体培养基培养受体菌哈维弧菌345。受体菌哈维弧菌345按1:300稀释至3 mL LBS+肉桂醛(0、0.5、1、2、4、8 µg/mL)液体培养基中,28 ℃、180 r/min培养至OD600=0.6-0.8。将培养好的受体菌40 ℃热激30 min后,与供体菌按1:1的比例混合,室温下以8 000 r/min离心2 min;彻底去除上清,收集菌体沉淀,用50 µL LBS液体培养基重悬,点种于LBS+0.3 mmol/L DAP平板上。待菌液晾干后,倒置于28 ℃培养箱静置培养过夜。
仅在受体菌和供体菌平板接合过程中进行处理,即利用含肉桂醛的LBS+0.3 mmol/L DAP平板进行接合。受体菌哈维弧菌345按1:300稀释至新鲜LBS液体培养基中,28 ℃、180 r/min培养至OD600=0.6-0.8,将培养好的受体菌40 ℃热激30 min后,与供体菌按1:1的比例混合,室温下以8 000 r/min离心2 min;彻底去除上清,菌体沉淀用50 µL LBS重悬,点种于LBS+0.3 mmol/L DAP+肉桂醛(0、0.5、1、2、4、8 µg/mL)的平板上。待菌液晾干后,倒置于28 ℃培养箱静置培养过夜。
在过夜受体菌稀释培养至对数早期以及受体菌和供体菌平板接合过程中均进行处理。受体菌哈维弧菌345按1:300稀释至3 mL LBS+肉桂醛(0、0.5、1、2、4、8 µg/mL)液体培养基中,28 ℃、180 r/min培养至OD600=0.6-0.8,将培养好的受体菌40 ℃热激30 min后,与供体菌按1:1的比例混合,室温下以8 000 r/min离心2 min;彻底去除上清,菌体沉淀用50 µL LBS重悬,分别点种于LBS+0.3 mmol/L DAP+肉桂醛(0、0.5、1、2、4、8 µg/mL)平板上。待菌液晾干后,倒置于28 ℃培养箱静置培养过夜。
用接种环刮下处理1-处理3后的接合转移菌斑,用3%氯化钠溶液重悬。将重悬液室温下以8 000 r/min离心2 min,用3%氯化钠溶液洗涤1次,再用3%氯化钠溶液重悬,按10倍梯度稀释至10、100、1 000倍。将100倍稀释液涂布于LBS+34 µg/mL Cm平板上,28 ℃培养16-24 h后计数接合子数量;将1 000倍稀释液涂布于LBS平板上,28 ℃培养16-24 h后计数受体菌数量,接合转移效率计算如公式(1)所示。
接合转移效率=接合子数量/受体菌数量×100%
随机挑取LBS+34 µg/mL Cm平板上的单菌落,以其作为DNA模板进行菌落PCR,利用pMMB207质粒检测引物com-pMMB207-check-F/R,鉴定质粒是否成功接合转移至哈维弧菌受体菌。PCR反应体系(50 μL):2× Accurate Taq 预混液(含染料) 25 µL,上、下游引物(10 µmol/L)各1 µL (表2),DNA模板1 µL,ddH2O 22 µL。PCR反应程序:94 ℃预变性30 s;98 ℃变性10 s,58 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸2 min,共35个循环;72 ℃终延伸3 min。
将受体菌哈维弧菌345于LBS平板划线,28 ℃静置培养16-24 h,挑取单菌落,接种于3 mL LBS液体培养基中,28 ℃、180 r/min培养16-24 h。用添加不同浓度(0、0.5、1、2、4、8 µg/mL)肉桂醛的新鲜LBS无菌培养基将培养好的菌液按1:300稀释。取1 mL菌液加入无菌24孔培养板中,每个培养时间点设6块酶标板测定生物膜OD570值,另设6块酶标板测定OD600值。实验设3次生物学重复和2次技术重复,28 ℃静置培养12、19、24、36、48、60 h。用于测定生物膜的酶标板操作如下:吸出菌液后吹干培养板,加入PBS缓冲液洗涤1次;倒置晾干后,用10%甲醇固定20 min,吸出甲醇并吹干;加入0.1%结晶紫染液室温静置染色20 min,吸取染液,用PBS缓冲液洗去多余染液;加入95%乙醇溶解结晶紫,室温反应30 min后使用酶标仪测定OD570值,生物膜的形成量计算如公式(2)所示。
生物膜的形成量=OD570值/OD600
根据哈维弧菌基因组序列,利用ApE软件设计QS相关基因qPCR引物(表2),先通过普通PCR扩增及产物测序验证引物特异性。基因组DNA模板提取方法如下:使用DNA提取试剂盒分别提取哈维弧菌345和大肠杆菌GEB883的DNA。PCR反应体系(50 μL):2×ApexHF FS PCR Master Mix 25 µL,上、下游引物(10 µmol/L)各1 µL,DNA模板1 µL,ddH2O 22 µL。PCR反应程序:94 ℃预变性30 s;98 ℃变性10 s,58 ℃退火5 s,72 ℃延伸2 min,共35个循环。再利用验证后的特异性引物分析处理1和处理2前后哈维弧菌QS相关基因mRNA水平的变化。处理1:按照1.4节培养方式,取处理前后对数早期受体菌(OD600=0.6-0.8) 1 mL菌液,室温下以8 000 r/min离心2 min,彻底去除上清,用1 mL RNAiso Plus重悬,提取总RNA并进行反转录。处理2:平板接合1、2、4 h后,用接种环刮下平板上的菌苔,用1 mL RNAiso Plus重悬,提取总RNA并进行反转录。利用Taq Pro Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix进行荧光定量PCR扩增,特异性引物见表2。实验设3个生物学重复(即每个肉桂醛浓度进行3个克隆的接合),每个生物学重复样品进行3次技术重复。以管家基因gyrA为内参,采用2-ΔΔCT[36]分析各基因的相对表达量。
使用Excel软件对数据进行单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)。P<0.05表示差异具有统计学显著性。
图1所示,与不添加肉桂醛的培养基相比,哈维弧菌345在含0.5、1、2、4、8 μg/mL肉桂醛的LBS培养基中生长无显著差异(P>0.05,图1A);供体菌pMMB207/E. coli GEB883在含0.5、1、2、4、8 µg/mL肉桂醛的培养基中生长也无显著差异(P>0.05,图1B)。
处理1,即用含0.5、1、2、4、8 μg/mL肉桂醛的LBS液体培养基培养过夜受体菌哈维弧菌至对数早期,结果表明肉桂醛对哈维弧菌接合转移获取外源质粒具有极显著抑制作用(P<0.000 1,表3),接合转移效率分别降低59%、98%、87%、85%、83% (图2A)。处理2,即在含0.5、1、2、4、8 μg/mL肉桂醛的LBS+0.3 mmol/L DAP平板上进行接合,肉桂醛对哈维弧菌接合转移获取外源质粒也具有极显著抑制作用(P<0.000 1),接合转移效率分别降低51%、85%、36%、93%、49% (图2B)。处理3,即在过夜受体菌稀释培养至对数早期及平板接合过程中均以0.5、1、2、4、8 µg/mL肉桂醛处理,结果显示0.5、4 µg/mL浓度下接合转移效率无显著变化(P>0.05),而1、2、8 µg/mL浓度下接合转移效率分别下降71%、14%、75% (P<0.01) (图2C)。
图3所示,肉桂醛对哈维弧菌生物膜形成量无显著影响(P>0.05)。
图4所示,普通PCR扩增结果表明,所设计的引物对哈维弧菌具有特异性,不能扩增供体菌大肠杆菌的基因组。
为进一步探究肉桂醛抑制接合转移的机制,测定了处理1和处理2接合转移过程中QS相关基因的表达量变化。处理1:肉桂醛处理受体菌哈维弧菌后QS相关基因表达均无显著变化(P>0.05)(图5)。
处理2:平板接合4 h后,QS相关基因表达发生显著变化(图6)。其中,1 µg/mL和8 µg/mL肉桂醛处理后luxM基因表达量分别显著下降了1.26倍和1.47倍(图6A),luxN基因表达量分别显著下降了1.35倍和1.56倍(图6B),仅8 µg/mL肉桂醛处理后luxS基因表达量显著下降1.92倍(图6C),0.5、1、2、4、8 µg/mL肉桂醛处理后luxP基因表达量分别显著下降了2.32、2.38、2.17、2.38、2.94倍(图6D),luxR基因表达量分别显著下降了2.71、1.44、1.16、3.19、2.13倍(图6E),所有P<0.05。其他接合时间点,肉桂醛处理后QS相关基因表达均无显著变化(P>0.05)。
本研究探究了不同浓度肉桂醛(0.5-8 µg/mL)在3种处理(受体菌培养过程处理、接合过程处理、双阶段处理)下对哈维弧菌接合转移的抑制效果,初步揭示了肉桂醛抑制接合转移的可能机制,重点关注肉桂醛对QS通路关键基因(luxMluxNluxSluxPluxR)表达及生物膜形成能力的影响,并评估了肉桂醛作为天然化合物在阻断接合转移和耐药性传播中的应用潜力。结果显示,处理1 (受体菌培养过程处理)和处理2 (接合过程处理)中0.5-8 µg/mL肉桂醛均显著抑制接合转移;处理3 (双阶段处理)中仅1、2、8 µg/mL肉桂醛显著抑制接合转移。肉桂醛可显著下调平板接合4 h后QS基因(luxMluxNluxSluxPluxR)的表达。
肉桂醛作为一种来源于植物的小分子化合物,近年研究发现其可能通过抑制群体感应信号和接合相关基因表达、影响生物膜形成、抑制ATP合成等途径,有效减缓抗生素耐药基因的水平传播[37-38]。本研究表明,0.5、1、2、4、8 µg/mL肉桂醛在受体菌培养过程处理中可使质粒接合转移效率分别降低59%、98%、87%、85%、83%,在平板接合过程处理中可使质粒接合转移效率分别降低51%、85%、36%、93%、49%。上述结果说明肉桂醛能显著抑制哈维弧菌的接合转移,且抑制效果并非简单的线性剂量依赖关系,可能在特定浓度下达饱和或最优,且受处理阶段的显著影响。王冰洁[39]发现,1.0×105 μg/mL肉桂醛处理大肠杆菌DH5α和铜绿假单胞菌PAO1的平板接合体系6 h,可使质粒接合转移频率下降99%;Brackman等[40]发现,130 μg/mL肉桂醛处理哈维弧菌BB120 4 h后接合转移频率下降98.25%。本研究进一步证实,即使在较低浓度范围(0.5-8 μg/mL)内,肉桂醛即可显著抑制接合转移:单独处理受体菌时效率降低59%-98%,平板接合过程中降低36%-93%。上述结果表明,肉桂醛对细菌接合转移的抑制作用受浓度、处理时间与处理方式共同调节,且低浓度即可发挥显著抑制效果。
在哈维弧菌单菌培养过程中,肉桂醛处理并不影响生物膜形成及群体感应(QS)相关基因的表达。这一结果与部分已有研究[39]指出的肉桂醛可干扰细菌QS并抑制生物膜形成的结论有所不同。首先,肉桂醛的作用可能存在浓度依赖性。例如,王冰洁[39]在相同培养条件下对铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)生物膜的研究中发现,10 μg/mL肉桂醛可使生物膜形成量增加30%,而100 μg/mL则使其下降62.5%;本研究所用肉桂醛浓度范围为0.5-8 μg/mL,可能尚未达到调控哈维弧菌群体感应或生物膜的有效阈值。其次,在单菌培养且无环境压力的条件下群体感应系统可能处于非激活状态,从而削弱了肉桂醛的作用效果。自诱导物(如AI-2)需积累至阈值浓度才能启动下游基因表达[32],本实验条件可能不足以激活该过程。此外,不同细菌在群体感应系统的构成与调控机制上存在本质差异,可能导致肉桂醛的作用具有种属特异性。哈维弧菌的群体感应系统由3条并行且互相关联的信号通道(CAI-1、AI-2、HAI-1)构成,LuxR为关键调控因子[41];而铜绿假单胞菌则具有更为复杂的多层次级联群体感应网络,主要依赖LasI/LasR系统[42]。不同系统的差异导致信号传导路径与外源化合物作用靶点不同,从而决定了不同菌种对肉桂醛的响应差异。因此,不同种属细菌对肉桂醛的敏感性及其作用机制可能存在差异,这也为本研究中观察到的低敏感性提供了合理解释。
在接合平板上添加肉桂醛能够显著影响哈维弧菌群体感应系统关键基因的表达,并抑制哈维弧菌通过接合转移获取供体菌质粒。
研究发现,肉桂醛对群体感应关键基因的抑制作用具有时间依赖性。在接合初期(1 h和2 h),QS关键基因表达未发生显著变化,至接合4 h时则出现显著下调。这一现象可能源于:接合初期,受体菌的群体感应系统尚处于激活状态,而肉桂醛作为AHL信号分子的竞争性拮抗剂,其抑制效应需经历信号通路的级联传递与靶基因的响应延迟方能显现[43]。随着接合进行至4 h,细菌密度增加,信号分子持续累积,且细菌因面临膜重构、能量耗竭及外源DNA整合等多重胁迫而处于高度敏感状态。此时,肉桂醛对QS受体的竞争性抑制效应显著增强,从而系统性阻断了相关信号转导[43-44],最终导致QS关键基因的下调。
哈维弧菌的群体感应系统通过多个基因调控其密度依赖性行为。其中,luxMluxS分别编码自诱导物AI-1和AI-2的合成酶;luxNluxP (与luxQ共同形成受体复合物)则编码相应的膜结合受体蛋白。在低细胞密度下,受体蛋白发挥激酶活性,通过磷酸化级联激活LuxO,诱导产生群体感应调控小RNA (quorum regulatory RNA, Qrr),进而抑制核心调控因子LuxR的翻译;而在高细胞密度下,自诱导物与受体结合,使其功能转变为磷酸酶,导致LuxO失活,解除对LuxR的抑制,从而启动群体行为相关基因的表达[45]。QS系统通过改变受体菌的生理状态与细胞表面结构,为供体菌附着和质粒转移创造条件,进而直接影响接合效率[46]
本研究发现,在接合过程中施加肉桂醛能显著抑制QS系统中多个关键基因的表达。具体表现为:8 µg/mL肉桂醛可显著抑制luxMluxNluxSluxP基因的表达;在更宽的浓度范围(0.5-8 µg/mL)内,肉桂醛均能显著抑制核心调控基因luxR的表达。其作用机制推测如下:肉桂醛可能通过干扰膜受体蛋白(如LuxN和LuxPQ)的结构或功能,影响其自磷酸化及后续的信号转导能力;同时,也可能通过扰动细胞内代谢或转录调控网络直接或间接地抑制自诱导物合成酶基因(luxMluxS)的表达,从而减少AI-1与AI-2的信号合成[47]
尤为重要的是,肉桂醛对luxR表达的广泛抑制,一方面直接削弱了信号感知能力,使膜受体持续处于激酶活性状态,从而进一步抑制LuxR的翻译过程[48];另一方面,LuxR蛋白水平的降低也削弱了其作为转录调控因子的DNA结合活性[20]。LuxR功能受损后,其下游与接合桥形成、菌毛组装及生物膜发育相关基因的表达受到抑制,最终导致接合转移效率下降[48]。需要指出的是,肉桂醛对LuxR功能的干扰可能还涉及更为直接的作用机制。基于现有文献对其构效关系的分析[40],肉桂醛分子中的α,β-不饱和醛结构可作为亲电中心,通过共价修饰方式与靶蛋白的特定氨基酸残基相互作用,这一结构特征对于其削弱LuxR的DNA结合功能至关重要。从作用机制上看,肉桂醛与同样靶向LuxR的呋喃酮类化合物既有相似性也有差异:二者均可降低LuxR的DNA结合活性,从而阻断群体感应调控的基因表达[49];但呋喃酮类化合物主要依赖其溴代呋喃酮结构模拟信号分子构象,竞争性干扰LuxR与靶DNA的结合[50],而肉桂醛则更倾向于通过共价修饰的方式实现其抑制效应。
本研究证实,肉桂醛能有效抑制哈维弧菌的质粒接合转移,其抑制效果呈现浓度和处理方式依赖性。本研究揭示,该抑制作用与肉桂醛显著下调群体感应关键基因(包括luxMluxNluxSluxP及核心调控基因luxR)的表达密切相关。这一发现不仅为深入理解肉桂醛干预细菌接合转移的分子机制提供了关键科学依据,也为开发基于天然产物的耐药性传播阻断策略奠定了重要理论基础,对水产养殖中细菌耐药性的防控具有积极的实践意义。
未来研究可从以下方面深入展开:首先,借助蛋白质组学、代谢组学等技术系统解析肉桂醛对细菌全局基因表达及代谢网络的影响,以探寻除QS系统外的其他潜在作用靶点;其次,通过分子生物学及结构生物学手段探究肉桂醛是否可直接与关键转录调控因子(如LuxR)相互作用,从而阐明其直接作用的分子基础;最后,应进一步评估肉桂醛在实际养殖环境中阻断质粒介导的耐药性传播的效果与可行性,这对推动水产养殖业减少抗生素依赖、发展绿色健康养殖模式具有重要的实践指导价值。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2024YFD2401403)
  • 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2024RC01)
  • 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2024A1515030244)
  • 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2026A1515011528)
  • 中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2023TD21)
  • 广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目(2024CXTD27)
  • 中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2025XT05)
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2026年第66卷第7期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250975
  • 接收时间:2025-12-26
  • 首发时间:2026-07-06
  • 出版时间:2026-07-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-26
  • 录用日期:2026-03-29
基金
The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD2401403)
国家重点研发计划(2024YFD2401403)
The Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences(2024RC01)
中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2024RC01)
The Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515030244)
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2024A1515030244)
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2026A1515011528)
The Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences(2023TD21)
中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2023TD21)
The Guangdong Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Innovation Team Construction Project(2024CXTD27)
广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目(2024CXTD27)
The Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences(2025XT05)
中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2025XT05)
作者信息
    1.中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东 广州
    2.河北农业大学 海洋学院,河北 秦皇岛
    3.华南农业大学 海洋学院,广东 广州

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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