Article(id=1280817611491492444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1280817479555462000, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250938, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1765814400000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1768924800000, acceptedDateStr=2026-01-21, onlineDate=1783300315020, onlineDateStr=2026-07-06, pubDate=1783094400000, pubDateStr=2026-07-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783300315020, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783300315020, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1783300315020, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1280817479555462000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='7', pageStart='3121', pageEnd='3677', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1783094400000', pubDateStr='2026-07-04', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783300283564, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1783326087324, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1280925708813832745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1280817479555462000, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1280925708813832746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1280817479555462000, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3508, endPage=3525, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1280817611885757021, articleId=1280817611491492444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Investigating the tiered responses and tolerance mechanisms of Penicillium oxalicum Z2 to licorice flavonoids based on transcriptomics, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To elucidate the tolerance mechanisms of Penicillium oxalicum Z2 to flavonoids present in licorice residues and to analyze its transcriptional responses under gradient stress concentrations, thereby providing a theoretical basis for breeding resistant strains and improving fermentation efficiency. Methods P. oxalicum Z2 was treated with different concentrations of licorice flavonoids (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00 mg/mL). Physiological indicators were systematically measured. Transcriptome sequencing was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes and enriched KEGG/GO pathways, revealing the molecular adaptation mechanisms of P. oxalicum Z2 under flavonoid stress. Results As the flavonoid concentration increased, P. oxalicum Z2 maintained high biomass and cellulase activity. Under the highest flavonoid concentration (2.00 mg/mL), its biomass reached 4.840 g/L, and the activities of endoglucanase, β-glucosidase, filter paper enzyme, and xylanase reached 74.78, 3.24, 6.99, and 562.5 U/mL, respectively, which were more than ten folds of those in the conventional P. oxalicum strain. Transcriptome analysis showed that the number of differentially expressed genes increased in a concentration-dependent manner, from 818 in the Low group to 3 945 in the Super group. Under low stress (≤1.00 mg/mL), the strain reprogrammed carbohydrate metabolism and ABC transporter pathways to adjust carbon utilization and sustain essential cellular activities. Under high stress (2.00 mg/mL), it further activated the ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation pathways, with 65 genes upregulated in the ribosome pathway. Conclusion This study identified key genes (e.g., EF-Tu, SecY,and FtsY) and core pathways (e.g., oxidative phosphorylation and ABC transporter), demonstrating that P. oxalicum Z2 employed tiered responses to licorice flavonoid stress. Specifically, the strain remodels sugar metabolism and transmembrane transport under low flavonoid stress to maintain survival and activates ribosome and energy metabolism compensation mechanisms under high flavonoid stress.

, authors=Zhihao HE¹, Bingqian YANG¹, Xirui WANG¹, Chen YU¹, Siyuan CHANG^{1, 2}, Sen ZHANG¹, authorsList=Zhihao HE, Bingqian YANG, Xirui WANG, Chen YU, Siyuan CHANG, Sen ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Siyuan CHANG, Sen ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1280817614201012850, articleId=1280817611491492444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=基于转录组学探究草酸青霉Z2响应甘草黄酮胁迫的分层响应耐受机制, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 揭示草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum) Z2对甘草药渣中黄酮成分的耐受机制，解析其在不同浓度黄酮胁迫下的转录响应规律，为选育抗性菌株、提升发酵效率提供理论依据。 方法 以草酸青霉Z2为研究对象，设置不同浓度甘草黄酮处理组(0、0.25、0.50、1.00、2.00 mg/mL)，系统测定其生理指标，并结合转录组技术，揭示草酸青霉Z2在黄酮胁迫下的分子适应机制。 结果 随着黄酮浓度升高，草酸青霉Z2的生物量与纤维素酶活性维持在较高水平，在Super组条件下其生物量达4.840 g/L，内切酶、β-葡聚糖酶、滤纸酶和木聚糖酶活力分别达74.78、3.24、6.99、562.5 U/mL，是普通草酸青霉的10倍以上。转录组分析表明，差异表达基因数量呈浓度依赖性递增，从Low组的818个增至Super组的3 945个。在低浓度(≤1.00 mg/mL)下，菌株通过重编程碳水化合物代谢与ABC转运体通路，调整碳源利用策略以维持基本生命活动；而在高浓度(2.00 mg/mL)下，进一步激活核糖体、氧化磷酸化通路，其中核糖体通路有65个基因上调。 结论 研究筛选出EF-Tu、SecY、FtsY等关键基因以及氧化磷酸化、ABC转运等核心通路，揭示草酸青霉Z2通过分层响应甘草黄酮胁迫：低浓度下重塑糖代谢与跨膜转运以维持生存，高浓度下激活核糖体与能量代谢补偿机制。

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Journal of Fungi, 2022, 8(2): 111., articleTitle=A combined analysis of transcriptome and proteome reveals the inhibitory mechanism of a novel oligosaccharide ester against Penicillium italicum, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1280925078372200495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817611491492444, awardId=2025YFC3509100, language=EN, fundingSource=The Key Technology Research and Industrialization Demonstration Project for the Recycling and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources(2025YFC3509100), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1280925078439309360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817611491492444, awardId=2025YFC3509100, language=CN, fundingSource=中药资源循环利用关键技术研发及产业化示范项目(2025YFC3509100), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1280925078514806833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817611491492444, awardId=82574719, language=EN, 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articleId=1280817611491492444, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=The growth curves changes of Penicillium oxalicum under different concentrations of flavonoids stress. A: Growth curves of Penicillium oxalicum G4; B: Growth curves of Penicillium oxalicum G7; C: Growth curves of Penicillium oxalicum Z2. The concentrations of flavonoids in different groups are as follows: CK (0 mg/mL), Low (0.25 mg/mL), Middle (0.50 mg/mL), High (1.00 mg/mL), Super (2.00 mg/mL)., figureFileSmall=AXlY7Y+1h8xTH0ATnIHJBA==, figureFileBig=v6li4jSQpE9fcnKdRpJPCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925077046800414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817611491492444, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同黄酮浓度胁迫下草酸青霉生长曲线变化, figureFileSmall=AXlY7Y+1h8xTH0ATnIHJBA==, figureFileBig=v6li4jSQpE9fcnKdRpJPCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925077130686495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817611491492444, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=The changes in extracellular hydrolase activities of Penicillium oxalicum under different flavonoid concentrations stress. A: Changes in endo-enzyme activity of different Penicillium oxalicum under the influence of different flavonoid concentrations; B: Changes in β-glucosidase activity of different Penicillium oxalicum under the influence of different flavonoid concentrations; C: Changes in filter paper enzyme activity of different Penicillium oxalicum under the influence of different flavonoid concentrations; D: Changes in xylanase activity of different Penicillium oxalicum under the influence of different flavonoid concentrations. The data are presented as mean±SD (n=3). Compared with the CK group, **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001., figureFileSmall=JQvumUJpz1uf2cVl0AUWAg==, figureFileBig=2dLejI2j1PMsHBFtQoNg3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925077231349792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817611491492444, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同黄酮浓度胁迫下草酸青霉胞外水解酶活力变化, figureFileSmall=JQvumUJpz1uf2cVl0AUWAg==, figureFileBig=2dLejI2j1PMsHBFtQoNg3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925077294264353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817611491492444, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Changes in extracellular conductivity and protein concentration of Penicillium oxalicum under different flavonoid concentrations stress. A: Changes in extracellular conductivity over time at different flavonoid concentrations; B: Changes in extracellular protein concentration over time under the influence of different flavonoid concentrations., figureFileSmall=+ozLKiVPWsVGrLAmAO3uSg==, figureFileBig=PQYKjkskAOddTbgbW9FKKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925077373956130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817611491492444, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同黄酮浓度胁迫下草酸青霉胞外电导率和蛋白浓度变化, figureFileSmall=+ozLKiVPWsVGrLAmAO3uSg==, figureFileBig=PQYKjkskAOddTbgbW9FKKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925077432676387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817611491492444, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Analysis results of differential genes under different concentrations of flavonoids. A: Upregulation and downregulation of differentially expressed genes in different flavonoid treatment groups; B: Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes in different flavonoid treatment groups; C: Venn diagram of differential gene expression in different flavonoid concentration treatment groups., figureFileSmall=um0OxTd4J2blxGNXpHP/xw==, figureFileBig=h+/5OjZol3ZB2OaewzNIQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925077508173860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817611491492444, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同黄酮浓度胁迫下差异基因分析结果, figureFileSmall=um0OxTd4J2blxGNXpHP/xw==, figureFileBig=h+/5OjZol3ZB2OaewzNIQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925077566894117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817611491492444, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Cluster analysis results. A: Differential gene clustering analysis. The darker the color, the higher the expression level of the gene in that sample; Conversely, the bluer the color, the lower the expression level of the gene in that sample (Horizontally, the genes are represented. Each column represents a sample); B: Trend analysis of differential genes., figureFileSmall=fR4THTrLxPok58oYaBTSmg==, figureFileBig=t9gcPGD14ghLmpPwWcZ48w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925077642391590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817611491492444, language=CN, label=图6, caption=聚类分析结果, figureFileSmall=fR4THTrLxPok58oYaBTSmg==, figureFileBig=t9gcPGD14ghLmpPwWcZ48w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925077709500455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817611491492444, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=KEGG enrichment analysis results. A: The KEGG enrichment analysis result of CK_vs._Low; B: The KEGG enrichment analysis result of CK_vs._Middle; C: The KEGG enrichment analysis result of CK_vs._High; D: The KEGG enrichment analysis result of CK_vs._Super., figureFileSmall=YK+N+N5Z7TJBnKwQnnJiUg==, figureFileBig=aGkNXROoznWSJD056xA5Hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925077776609320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817611491492444, language=CN, label=图7, caption=KEGG富集分析结果, figureFileSmall=YK+N+N5Z7TJBnKwQnnJiUg==, figureFileBig=aGkNXROoznWSJD056xA5Hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925077860495401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817611491492444, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=GO enrichment analysis results. A: The GO enrichment analysis result of CK_vs._Low; B: The GO enrichment analysis result of CK_vs._Middle; C: The GO enrichment analysis result of CK_vs._High; D: The GO enrichment analysis result of CK_vs._Super., figureFileSmall=23qBskpOZsaZcpgQBDofQQ==, figureFileBig=Jqa/CS59jux0WugrLF0tRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925077940187178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817611491492444, language=CN, label=图8, caption=GO富集分析结果, figureFileSmall=23qBskpOZsaZcpgQBDofQQ==, figureFileBig=Jqa/CS59jux0WugrLF0tRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925078007296043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817611491492444, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Single nucleotide variation analysis results. Homo (homozygous-variant) indicates a homozygous variant, meaning that both alleles at this locus have mutated and the mutations are the same; Hete (heterozygous-variant) indicates a heterozygous variant, meaning that at least one of the alleles at this locus has mutated and the mutated alleles are different., figureFileSmall=e2bxQN7iAZmu9yFtjYxT7Q==, figureFileBig=VIxDJqQcG5tZTM6h9Y09lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925078091182124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817611491492444, language=CN, label=图9, caption=单核苷酸变异分析结果, figureFileSmall=e2bxQN7iAZmu9yFtjYxT7Q==, figureFileBig=VIxDJqQcG5tZTM6h9Y09lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1280925078166679597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1280817611491492444, language=EN, label=Figure 10, caption=Ribosome pathway diagram. 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