Article(id=1238813324511605401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1238813307784712441, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250766, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1760284800000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1762963200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-11-13, onlineDate=1773285712601, onlineDateStr=2026-03-12, pubDate=1772553600000, pubDateStr=2026-03-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773285712601, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773285712601, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773285712601, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1238813307784712441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='3', pageStart='961', pageEnd='1466', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773285708614, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773291912509, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1238839328915378858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1238813307784712441, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1238839328915378859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1238813307784712441, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1236, endPage=1258, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1238813325878948534, articleId=1238813324511605401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Comparison of the regulatory mechanisms of photosynthetic characteristics in maize by Pseudomonas huaxiensis M11 and Bacillus megaterium M28 under low fertility stress, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To compare the regulatory effects and underlying physiological mechanisms of Pseudomonas huaxiensis M11 and Bacillus megaterium M28 on the photosynthetic characteristics of maize subjected to low soil fertility stress. Methods A pot experiment was implemented with four treatments: normal soil control (CK), low nutrient treatment (LNT), and bacterial inoculation under LNT conditions (M11+LNT, M28+LNT). At the tasseling stage, measurements were taken for soil nutrients, plant growth indices, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, and the fast chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics (O-J-I-P chlorophyll a fluorescence transient, OJIP curve). Yield components were assessed at physiological maturity. Results Inoculation with M11 significantly increased the content of available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter, while reducing the electrical conductivity in soil. M28 significantly enhanced the total nitrogen content. Both bacterial treatments significantly promoted maize growth, increasing the plant height, leaf area, SPAD value, and biomass. Moreover, they highly significantly enhanced the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and water use efficiency (WUE), while reducing the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci). Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis revealed a decrease in minimal fluorescence (Fo) and increases in the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photochemical quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII), apparent photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR), photochemical quenching (qP), and the fraction of open PSII centers based on excitation energy (qL), with no significant change in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The OJIP curves indicated the absence of a K-step in inoculated plants, a decrease in fluorescence at the J-step, and increases at the I-step and P-step. The differential kinetic curves of relative variable fluorescence (ΔVt analysis) confirmed that both strains synchronized the optimization of electron transport on both the donor and acceptor sides of photosystem II (PSII). The increased amplitude of the I-P phase suggested enhanced photosystem I (PSI) activity. Junction-intermediate-peak test (JIP-test) parameters demonstrated that inoculation significantly enhanced the performance index based on absorbed light energy (PIABS), the performance index on a cross-section basis (PICS), the probability that a trapped exciton moves an electron into the electron transport chain beyond QA (Ψo), the quantum yield for electron transport (φEo), and the electron transport flux per reaction center (ETo/RC). Conversely, dissipated energy flux per cross-sectional area (DIo/RC) and quantum ratio for dissipated energy (φDo) decreased. Consequently, compared with the LNT group, the M11 and M28 treatments resulted in significant increases of 30.61% and 22.64% in maize fresh weight and 26.68% and 23.41% in dry weight, respectively. Conclusion P. huaxiensis M11 primarily enhances photosynthetic performance by increasing soil available phosphorus and potassium content, directly optimizing energy metabolism and stomatal movement, whereas B. megaterium M28 mainly acts by elevating soil total nitrogen content, focusing on stabilizing the structure of the photosynthetic apparatus. Together, they protect the integrity of photosynthetic apparatus and optimize the electron transport efficiency of photosystems, significantly improving the photosynthetic performance and yield of maize under low fertility stress. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the targeted application of microbial inoculants in sustainable agricultural production.

, correspAuthors=Dong HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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#These authors contributed equally to this work.

, authorsList=Jia MA, Mengkai LI, Nan JIA, Xu WANG, Jieli PENG, Lulu WEI, Hao WANG, Dong HU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1238813328437474252, articleId=1238813324511605401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=霍氏假单胞菌M11与巨大芽孢杆菌M28对低肥力胁迫下玉米光合特性调控机制的比较, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究霍氏假单胞菌M11与巨大芽孢杆菌M28对土壤低肥力胁迫下玉米光合特性的调控作用及生理机制差异。 方法 开展盆栽试验,设置正常土壤对照(control check, CK)、低养分处理(low nutrient treatment, LNT)及低养分接种处理(M11+LNT、M28+LNT)。于玉米抽雄期测定土壤养分、植株生长指标、气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光特性及快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学(O-J-I-P chlorophyll a fluorescence transient, OJIP)曲线,于成熟期测定产量。 结果 M11显著提高了土壤有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量,降低了电导率;M28显著提升了土壤全氮含量。2种接种处理均能显著促进玉米生长,提高株高、叶面积、SPAD值及生物量;极显著提升净光合速率(net photosynthetic rate, Pn)、气孔导度(stomatal conductance, Gs)、蒸腾速率(transpiration rate, Tr)和水分利用效率(water use efficiency, WUE),降低胞间CO2浓度(intercellular CO₂ concentration, Ci)。荧光参数显示最小荧光(minimal fluorescence, Fo)降低,最大光化学效率(maximum quantum yield of PSII, Fv/Fm)、实际光化学量子产量(actual quantum yield of PSII, ΦPSII)、表观光合电子传递速率(electron transport rate,ETR)、光化学淬灭系数(photochemical quenching, qP)和基于激发能压力的光化学淬灭系数(fraction of open PSII centers based on excitation energy, qL)显著提高,非光化学淬灭系数(non-photochemical quenching, NPQ)无显著变化。OJIP曲线表明接种处理未出现K点,J点荧光降低,I点和P点荧光提高,相对可变荧光的差异动力学ΔVt分析证实菌株同步优化光系统II (photosystem II, PSII)供体侧与受体侧的电子传递,I-P相振幅增大表明光系统I (photosystem I, PSI)活性增强。快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学分析(junction-intermediate-peak test, JIP-test)参数显示,接种处理显著提高了以吸收光能为基础的性能指数(performance index based on absorbed light energy, PIABS)、以单位面积为基础的性能指数(performance index on a cross-section basis,PICS)、捕获的激子将电子传递到电子传递链中超过QA的其他电子受体的概率(probability that a trapped exciton moves an electron into the electron transport chain beyond QA,Ψo)、电子传递的量子产额(quantum yield for electron transport, φEo)和单位反应中心捕获的用于电子传递的能量(electron transport flux per RC, ETo/RC),降低了单位反应中心耗散的能量(dissipated energy flux per cross-sectional area, DIo/RC)和用于热耗散的量子比率(quantum ratio for dissipated energy, φDo)。最终,M11和M28处理使玉米鲜重较LNT组分别显著提高30.61%和22.64%。干重分别提高26.68%和23.41%。 结论 M11主要通过提高土壤有效磷、速效钾含量直接优化能量代谢与气孔运动;而M28主要通过提升土壤全氮含量,侧重于稳定光合机构结构。二者共同保护光合机构完整性并优化光系统电子传递效率,显著增强了低肥力胁迫下玉米的光合性能与产量,为微生物菌剂在绿色增产中的应用提供了理论支持。

, correspAuthors=胡栋, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=8IaA0C8F6eSX2vMfT4E0rQ==, magXml=1c+R26wGvdZbZr+mARLUyw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=rYysyS47alb8tzJ5DcZOsw==, pdfFileSize=3286633, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=lZmQEUm64p2gtV9BwxVsUg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=iSydgenzdH9fpIbvLRZHaw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

作者贡献声明

马佳:撰写文章、数据分析和经费支持;李孟凯:数据检测与分析处理;贾楠:绘制图片;王旭:提供部分试剂;彭杰丽:语言润色;魏露露:协助实验操作;王浩:方案优化;胡栋:审阅文章、数据解释及稿件审核与修订。

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Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2018, 125: 52-62., articleTitle=Nitrogen metabolism correlates with the acclimation of photosynthesis to short-term water stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.), refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1238906432133853790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, awardId=2022YFD1901302-4, language=EN, fundingSource=National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1901302-4), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1238906432196768351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, awardId=2022YFD1901302-4, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1901302-4), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1238906424886096396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1238906424907067917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, companyId=1238906424886096396, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Hebei Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, Institute of Agro-Resources and Environment, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1238906424915456526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, companyId=1238906424886096396, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所,河北省肥料技术创新中心,河北 石家庄)]), AuthorCompany(id=1238906426358297103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1238906426366685712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, companyId=1238906426358297103, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1238906426375074321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, companyId=1238906426358297103, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.东北农业大学 生命科学学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1238906429181063750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Effects of different treatments on physiological indices of maize plants at the tasseling stage. A: Plant height; B: Leaf length; C: Leaf width; D: Chlorophyll content; E: Shoot fresh weight; F: Root fresh weight; G: Shoot dry weight; H: Root dry weight. Different lowercase letters above the columns indicated that there was significant difference among different treatments at P<0.05. The same below., figureFileSmall=GKAlMYmI8feKUtXXceyuLA==, figureFileBig=ZZxw1/vUnWe1VqO+rcoueg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238906429235589703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同处理对抽雄期玉米植株生理指标的影响。A:株高;B:叶长;C:叶宽;D:叶绿素含量;E:地上部鲜重;F:地下部鲜重;G:地上部干重;H:地下部干重。图中柱体上方的不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。下同。, figureFileSmall=GKAlMYmI8feKUtXXceyuLA==, figureFileBig=ZZxw1/vUnWe1VqO+rcoueg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238906429311087176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Effects of different treatments on the photosynthetic parameters of maize plants at the tasseling stage. A: Net photosynthetic rate; B: Transpiration rate; C: Water use efficiency; D: Intercellular CO2 concentration; E: Stomatal conductance; F: Vapour pressure deficit., figureFileSmall=axojC/ST34XMJpTfoK2XtQ==, figureFileBig=DiY8oX3XTYUtoQVov34e7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238906429382390345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同处理对抽雄期玉米植株光合参数的影响。A:净光合速率;B:蒸腾速率;C:水分利用率;D:胞间CO2浓度;E:气孔导度;F:水汽压差。, figureFileSmall=axojC/ST34XMJpTfoK2XtQ==, figureFileBig=DiY8oX3XTYUtoQVov34e7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238906429445304906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Effects of different treatments on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in maize leaves at the tasseling stage. A: Minimal fluorescence; B: Maximal fluorescence; C: Maximum quantum yield of PSII; D: Actual quantum yield of PSII; E: Electron transport rate; F: Non-photochemical quenching; G: Photochemical quenching; H: Fraction of open PSII centers based on excitation energy., figureFileSmall=8edE8aua3THdGXfcIa9UUA==, figureFileBig=qXp/V+BzcFTdutFZ/DaA4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238906430862979659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同处理对抽雄期玉米叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响。A:初始荧光;B:最大荧光;C:最大光化学量子产量;D:实际光化学量子产量;E:光合电子传递速率;F:非光化学淬灭;G:光化学淬灭系数;H:基于激发能压力的光化学淬灭系数。, figureFileSmall=8edE8aua3THdGXfcIa9UUA==, figureFileBig=qXp/V+BzcFTdutFZ/DaA4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238906430938477132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Effects of different treatments on the OJIP curves and standard OJIP curves in maize leaves at the tasseling stage. A: The OJIP curves in maize leaves; B: The standard OJIP curves in maize leaves., figureFileSmall=Cw3u4bqQ6kFoAqHneDXCuA==, figureFileBig=+GnUN4ZIJ9FuQaZxyG2yIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238906431022363213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同处理对玉米叶片OJIP曲线和标准OJIP曲线的影响。A:玉米叶片OJIP曲线;B:玉米叶片标准OJIP曲线。, figureFileSmall=Cw3u4bqQ6kFoAqHneDXCuA==, figureFileBig=+GnUN4ZIJ9FuQaZxyG2yIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238906431085277774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Effects of different treatments on the differential kinetic curves of relative variable fluorescence ΔVt and difference of relative variable fluorescence intensity ΔVt in maize leaves at the tasseling stage. A: Differential kinetic curves of relative variable fluorescence ΔVt; B: Difference of relative variable fluorescence intensity ΔVt., figureFileSmall=aYDuvlPfA000xluOs+klnA==, figureFileBig=s9qBGZ+u6sRU0AQg/8Bz2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238906431148192335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同处理对玉米叶片相对可变荧光的差异动力学ΔVt 曲线和相对可变荧光差值ΔVt 的影响。A:相对可变荧光的差异动力学ΔVt曲线;B:相对可变荧光差值ΔVt, figureFileSmall=aYDuvlPfA000xluOs+klnA==, figureFileBig=s9qBGZ+u6sRU0AQg/8Bz2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238906431206912592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Effects of different treatments on the fluorescence difference kinetics of the O-I and I-P phases in maize leaves., figureFileSmall=CwGakjzdnjOZeLDmV8GjZw==, figureFileBig=cg8iZQCvsqlUJxkKTNsdwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238906431274021457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同处理对玉米叶片O-II-P相荧光差异动力学的影响, figureFileSmall=CwGakjzdnjOZeLDmV8GjZw==, figureFileBig=cg8iZQCvsqlUJxkKTNsdwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238906431332741714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Effects of different treatments on the fluorescence difference kinetics of the O-K phase in maize leaves., figureFileSmall=pCU5Q8lfsi981lNfLkT0EQ==, figureFileBig=MGs3VuZSDLJYKZ65q0WcHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238906431387267667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同处理对玉米叶片O-K相荧光差异动力学的影响, figureFileSmall=pCU5Q8lfsi981lNfLkT0EQ==, figureFileBig=MGs3VuZSDLJYKZ65q0WcHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238906431445987924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Effects of different treatments on fluorescence parameters of JIP-test in maize leaves., figureFileSmall=ctlyDw5OrlKfCz8vCdPTZg==, figureFileBig=qYgV5hE+ga+ReETXe+kgeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238906431504708181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同处理对玉米叶片JIP-test荧光参数的影响, figureFileSmall=ctlyDw5OrlKfCz8vCdPTZg==, figureFileBig=qYgV5hE+ga+ReETXe+kgeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238906431559234134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Effects of different treatments on maize yield at the mature stage., figureFileSmall=vlgfqIfYJO1h+IeFo5ZM9Q==, figureFileBig=cI0DtjfsYMOityUttfG5aQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238906431630537303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同处理对成熟期玉米产量的影响, figureFileSmall=vlgfqIfYJO1h+IeFo5ZM9Q==, figureFileBig=cI0DtjfsYMOityUttfG5aQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238906431722811992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, language=EN, label=Figure 10, caption=Key pathway for M11 and M28 in enhancing maize photosynthetic performance under low-fertility stress., figureFileSmall=4xtJ/NsDLSWrwjIWh/Cb/w==, figureFileBig=Kj65FcseTCTwwr+QMUVOfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238906431781532249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, language=CN, label=图10, caption=M11M28提升低肥力胁迫下玉米光合性能的核心作用通路, figureFileSmall=4xtJ/NsDLSWrwjIWh/Cb/w==, figureFileBig=Kj65FcseTCTwwr+QMUVOfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238906431836058202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Soil basic physicochemical properties of this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

处理

Treatments

全氮

Total nitrogen

(g/kg)

有机质

Organic matter (g/kg)

水解性氮

Alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen (mg/kg)

有效磷

Available phosphorus (mg/kg)

速效钾

Available potassium (mg/kg)

pH
LNT0.164.0013.007.2824.678.78
CK1.4518.1768.6027.19150.007.27
), ArticleFig(id=1238906431890584155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究所用土壤基本理化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

处理

Treatments

全氮

Total nitrogen

(g/kg)

有机质

Organic matter (g/kg)

水解性氮

Alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen (mg/kg)

有效磷

Available phosphorus (mg/kg)

速效钾

Available potassium (mg/kg)

pH
LNT0.164.0013.007.2824.678.78
CK1.4518.1768.6027.19150.007.27
), ArticleFig(id=1238906431945110108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of different treatments on soil nutrient content

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理 Treatments

全氮

Total nitrogen (g/kg)

全磷

Total phosphorus (g/kg)

有机质

Organic matter (g/kg)

水解性氮

Alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen (mg/kg)

有效磷

Available phosphorus (mg/kg)

速效钾

Available potassium (mg/kg)

pH

电导率

Electrical conductivity (μs/cm)

M11+LNT0.29±0.04c0.75±0.05b5.08±0.11b25.21±1.84b34.72±2.79a71.17±9.07b7.99±0.20a125.00±24.02b
M28+LNT0.32±0.02b0.71±0.04bc4.40±0.39c20.94±4.65b22.12±5.75bc55.17±8.08c7.89±0.11ab137.67±25.58b
LNT0.26±0.02c0.66±0.03c4.31±0.12c20.48±5.18b16.42±3.36c47.17±6.51c8.30±0.13a205.33±28.58a
CK1.52±0.05a1.15±0.09a19.07±0.50a74.64±4.35a28.42±2.44ab151.17±9.50a7.45±0.40b103.67±11.59b
), ArticleFig(id=1238906432003830365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813324511605401, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同处理对土壤养分含量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理 Treatments

全氮

Total nitrogen (g/kg)

全磷

Total phosphorus (g/kg)

有机质

Organic matter (g/kg)

水解性氮

Alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen (mg/kg)

有效磷

Available phosphorus (mg/kg)

速效钾

Available potassium (mg/kg)

pH

电导率

Electrical conductivity (μs/cm)

M11+LNT0.29±0.04c0.75±0.05b5.08±0.11b25.21±1.84b34.72±2.79a71.17±9.07b7.99±0.20a125.00±24.02b
M28+LNT0.32±0.02b0.71±0.04bc4.40±0.39c20.94±4.65b22.12±5.75bc55.17±8.08c7.89±0.11ab137.67±25.58b
LNT0.26±0.02c0.66±0.03c4.31±0.12c20.48±5.18b16.42±3.36c47.17±6.51c8.30±0.13a205.33±28.58a
CK1.52±0.05a1.15±0.09a19.07±0.50a74.64±4.35a28.42±2.44ab151.17±9.50a7.45±0.40b103.67±11.59b
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霍氏假单胞菌M11与巨大芽孢杆菌M28对低肥力胁迫下玉米光合特性调控机制的比较
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马佳 1 , 李孟凯 1, 2 , 贾楠 1 , 王旭 1 , 彭杰丽 1 , 魏露露 1 , 王浩 2 , 胡栋 1, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(3): 1236-1258
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026, 66(3): 1236-1258
霍氏假单胞菌M11与巨大芽孢杆菌M28对低肥力胁迫下玉米光合特性调控机制的比较
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马佳1, 李孟凯1, 2, 贾楠1, 王旭1, 彭杰丽1, 魏露露1, 王浩2, 胡栋1, *
作者信息
  • 1.河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所,河北省肥料技术创新中心,河北 石家庄
  • 2.东北农业大学 生命科学学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨
Comparison of the regulatory mechanisms of photosynthetic characteristics in maize by Pseudomonas huaxiensis M11 and Bacillus megaterium M28 under low fertility stress
Jia MA1, Mengkai LI1, 2, Nan JIA1, Xu WANG1, Jieli PENG1, Lulu WEI1, Hao WANG2, Dong HU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Hebei Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, Institute of Agro-Resources and Environment, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
  • 2.College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
出版时间: 2026-03-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250766
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目的 探究霍氏假单胞菌M11与巨大芽孢杆菌M28对土壤低肥力胁迫下玉米光合特性的调控作用及生理机制差异。 方法 开展盆栽试验,设置正常土壤对照(control check, CK)、低养分处理(low nutrient treatment, LNT)及低养分接种处理(M11+LNT、M28+LNT)。于玉米抽雄期测定土壤养分、植株生长指标、气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光特性及快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学(O-J-I-P chlorophyll a fluorescence transient, OJIP)曲线,于成熟期测定产量。 结果 M11显著提高了土壤有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量,降低了电导率;M28显著提升了土壤全氮含量。2种接种处理均能显著促进玉米生长,提高株高、叶面积、SPAD值及生物量;极显著提升净光合速率(net photosynthetic rate, Pn)、气孔导度(stomatal conductance, Gs)、蒸腾速率(transpiration rate, Tr)和水分利用效率(water use efficiency, WUE),降低胞间CO2浓度(intercellular CO₂ concentration, Ci)。荧光参数显示最小荧光(minimal fluorescence, Fo)降低,最大光化学效率(maximum quantum yield of PSII, Fv/Fm)、实际光化学量子产量(actual quantum yield of PSII, ΦPSII)、表观光合电子传递速率(electron transport rate,ETR)、光化学淬灭系数(photochemical quenching, qP)和基于激发能压力的光化学淬灭系数(fraction of open PSII centers based on excitation energy, qL)显著提高,非光化学淬灭系数(non-photochemical quenching, NPQ)无显著变化。OJIP曲线表明接种处理未出现K点,J点荧光降低,I点和P点荧光提高,相对可变荧光的差异动力学ΔVt分析证实菌株同步优化光系统II (photosystem II, PSII)供体侧与受体侧的电子传递,I-P相振幅增大表明光系统I (photosystem I, PSI)活性增强。快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学分析(junction-intermediate-peak test, JIP-test)参数显示,接种处理显著提高了以吸收光能为基础的性能指数(performance index based on absorbed light energy, PIABS)、以单位面积为基础的性能指数(performance index on a cross-section basis,PICS)、捕获的激子将电子传递到电子传递链中超过QA的其他电子受体的概率(probability that a trapped exciton moves an electron into the electron transport chain beyond QA,Ψo)、电子传递的量子产额(quantum yield for electron transport, φEo)和单位反应中心捕获的用于电子传递的能量(electron transport flux per RC, ETo/RC),降低了单位反应中心耗散的能量(dissipated energy flux per cross-sectional area, DIo/RC)和用于热耗散的量子比率(quantum ratio for dissipated energy, φDo)。最终,M11和M28处理使玉米鲜重较LNT组分别显著提高30.61%和22.64%。干重分别提高26.68%和23.41%。 结论 M11主要通过提高土壤有效磷、速效钾含量直接优化能量代谢与气孔运动;而M28主要通过提升土壤全氮含量,侧重于稳定光合机构结构。二者共同保护光合机构完整性并优化光系统电子传递效率,显著增强了低肥力胁迫下玉米的光合性能与产量,为微生物菌剂在绿色增产中的应用提供了理论支持。

低肥力胁迫  /  玉米  /  霍氏假单胞菌  /  巨大芽孢杆菌  /  光合作用

Objective To compare the regulatory effects and underlying physiological mechanisms of Pseudomonas huaxiensis M11 and Bacillus megaterium M28 on the photosynthetic characteristics of maize subjected to low soil fertility stress. Methods A pot experiment was implemented with four treatments: normal soil control (CK), low nutrient treatment (LNT), and bacterial inoculation under LNT conditions (M11+LNT, M28+LNT). At the tasseling stage, measurements were taken for soil nutrients, plant growth indices, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, and the fast chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics (O-J-I-P chlorophyll a fluorescence transient, OJIP curve). Yield components were assessed at physiological maturity. Results Inoculation with M11 significantly increased the content of available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter, while reducing the electrical conductivity in soil. M28 significantly enhanced the total nitrogen content. Both bacterial treatments significantly promoted maize growth, increasing the plant height, leaf area, SPAD value, and biomass. Moreover, they highly significantly enhanced the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and water use efficiency (WUE), while reducing the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci). Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis revealed a decrease in minimal fluorescence (Fo) and increases in the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photochemical quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII), apparent photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR), photochemical quenching (qP), and the fraction of open PSII centers based on excitation energy (qL), with no significant change in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The OJIP curves indicated the absence of a K-step in inoculated plants, a decrease in fluorescence at the J-step, and increases at the I-step and P-step. The differential kinetic curves of relative variable fluorescence (ΔVt analysis) confirmed that both strains synchronized the optimization of electron transport on both the donor and acceptor sides of photosystem II (PSII). The increased amplitude of the I-P phase suggested enhanced photosystem I (PSI) activity. Junction-intermediate-peak test (JIP-test) parameters demonstrated that inoculation significantly enhanced the performance index based on absorbed light energy (PIABS), the performance index on a cross-section basis (PICS), the probability that a trapped exciton moves an electron into the electron transport chain beyond QA (Ψo), the quantum yield for electron transport (φEo), and the electron transport flux per reaction center (ETo/RC). Conversely, dissipated energy flux per cross-sectional area (DIo/RC) and quantum ratio for dissipated energy (φDo) decreased. Consequently, compared with the LNT group, the M11 and M28 treatments resulted in significant increases of 30.61% and 22.64% in maize fresh weight and 26.68% and 23.41% in dry weight, respectively. Conclusion P. huaxiensis M11 primarily enhances photosynthetic performance by increasing soil available phosphorus and potassium content, directly optimizing energy metabolism and stomatal movement, whereas B. megaterium M28 mainly acts by elevating soil total nitrogen content, focusing on stabilizing the structure of the photosynthetic apparatus. Together, they protect the integrity of photosynthetic apparatus and optimize the electron transport efficiency of photosystems, significantly improving the photosynthetic performance and yield of maize under low fertility stress. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the targeted application of microbial inoculants in sustainable agricultural production.

low fertility stress  /  maize  /  Pseudomonas huaxiensis  /  Bacillus megaterium  /  photosynthesis
马佳, 李孟凯, 贾楠, 王旭, 彭杰丽, 魏露露, 王浩, 胡栋. 霍氏假单胞菌M11与巨大芽孢杆菌M28对低肥力胁迫下玉米光合特性调控机制的比较. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (3) : 1236 -1258 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250766
Jia MA, Mengkai LI, Nan JIA, Xu WANG, Jieli PENG, Lulu WEI, Hao WANG, Dong HU. Comparison of the regulatory mechanisms of photosynthetic characteristics in maize by Pseudomonas huaxiensis M11 and Bacillus megaterium M28 under low fertility stress[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (3) : 1236 -1258 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250766
土壤作为人类生存与发展不可或缺的核心资源,其质量状况直接关系到农业生产的可持续性。长期以来,受连续单一栽培制度[1]和不科学施肥管理的影响,土壤物理结构及养分空间分布发生明显改变,主要表现为土壤容重上升、耕作层变薄、养分在表层聚集,以及水、肥、气、热等因子间的协调关系减弱[2]。此类变化引发土壤功能退化和根系生态环境劣化,已成为制约作物高产稳产和农业可持续发展的主要限制因素。光合作用是作物产量形成与生长发育的核心生理过程,对氮、磷等养分的供应状况极为敏感[3]。已有研究证实,除气候因素外,土壤中的矿质元素含量,尤其是氮、磷、钾含量显著影响光合性能,具体体现在叶绿素生物合成、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率和净光合速率等关键指标上[4-6]。在代谢方面,光合碳代谢为氮代谢提供能量与碳架,而植株体内的氮营养状态则反馈调节碳氮代谢的平衡[7]。适量施氮可增强光合能力,从而协同满足碳、氮代谢对能量的双重需求[8]。磷元素在光合碳固定中也发挥关键作用[9]。目前,低肥力胁迫农田普遍存在有效磷匮乏或处于低磷胁迫状态,这种条件会明显抑制作物叶片的正常生长,减少叶绿素含量,阻碍光合产物的积累,导致叶面积缩小,并在花生等作物中引发碳同化受阻和光抑制现象[10]
植物的光合能力直接体现了其捕获和利用光能的效率,是决定植株生长状况和产量的关键因素[11]。在光合作用机制研究中,叶绿素荧光分析技术作为一种“内在探针”,相较于气体交换等表观指标,能够更本质地揭示光系统内部的生理状态[12]。通过高强度激发光诱导获得的叶绿素a快速荧光动力学(O-J-I-P chlorophyll a fluorescence transient, OJIP)曲线,能够完整反映光系统II (photosystem II, PSII)的生理状态。该曲线可揭示PSII在类囊体膜上的光化学反应过程、能量转化效率及反应中心复合体结构完整性。该曲线包含O、J、I、P等特征相位,各相位对应的荧光强度及变化形态可用于解析光合电子传递链的效率及其能量分配模式,进而实现对植物光合性能的无损评估[13]
华北平原地势辽阔,是我国小麦和玉米等主粮作物的核心种植区域。玉米兼具粮食、饲料和工业原料等多重用途,对国家粮食安全具有显著的战略价值。根据农业农村部《“十四五”全国种植业发展规划》,截至2021年,全国玉米种植产量为27 255万t[14],截至2023年,种植面积达到约4 200万hm2[15]。作为我国夏玉米最集中的产区,华北在玉米生产中占据关键地位[16]。然而,该地区低肥力胁迫土壤占比较高,限制了单产水平的提升,已成为制约玉米产量增长的主要因素。在此背景下,促进作物健壮生长成为提高玉米产量的关键途径之一。长期以来,化学肥料在保障粮食生产中发挥了不可替代的作用,但近年来化肥的过量投入与不合理施用现象日益突出,不仅带来环境污染风险,也给农业生态系统造成压力[1]。因此,推动绿色、可持续的农业生产方式转型已成为保障国家粮食安全与提升农民收益的迫切需求。
近年来,研究表明有益根际微生物在缓解环境胁迫对作物生长的不利影响方面具有重要作用。例如,Velivelli等[17]指出,根际促生菌(plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR)和丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF)能够通过促进作物对多种营养元素的吸收,改善植株健康状况,进而提高作物产量。Bashan等[18]的研究进一步揭示,解磷细菌通过合成葡萄糖酸和柠檬酸等有机酸,使其羟基和羧基螯合磷结合阳离子(如Ca2+、Fe3+和Al3+),或通过释放质子(H+)降低土壤pH,从而将不溶性磷转化为可被植物吸收的有效形态,这一过程不仅改善了土壤理化性质,也有助于作物增产。He等[19]的研究也证实,接种假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.) M30-35和芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.) WM13-24可显著提高黑麦草的地上部生物量、叶绿素含量、全氮与全磷含量,并增强其在干旱胁迫下的光合能力。此外,接种AMF也被证明能够提高叶绿素含量、改善光合性能,同时促进保护性物质积累与渗透调节能力,从而缓解低温对玉米和大麦的胁迫伤害[20-21]。鉴于低肥力胁迫土壤常因营养匮乏导致作物光合效率低下和产量受限,因此筛选既能改良土壤理化性质又能提升作物光合作用的根际促生微生物已成为当前研究的关键切入点。本实验室前期研究发现,霍氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas huaxiensis) M11具有解磷固氮的生防特性,巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium) M28具有固氮、产吲哚-3-乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)的特性。为验证这2种菌株在植物体内的实际促生效果,本研究通过盆栽试验评估了它们在低肥力胁迫下对玉米生长发育的改善作用。然而,其具体的生理与分子水平作用机制尚不明确。本研究将主要探讨M11和M28对低肥力胁迫下玉米生长发育和光合作用影响的不同,以期明确和比较2种菌株缓解玉米在低肥力胁迫下光合障碍的关键生理机制,旨在为玉米高产栽培及优化养分管理技术提供理论基础和技术指导。
P. huaxiensis M11和B. megaterium M28为本实验室保存菌种,具有显著促生和提高植物抗性的作用。菌株M11和M28的菌悬液制备:将2株菌株分别接种于LB固体培养基(含胰蛋白胨10.0 g/L,酵母提取物5.0 g/L,氯化钠10.0 g/L,琼脂15.0-20.0 g/L,pH 7.0-7.2),30 ℃恒温培养48 h进行活化。之后挑取形态良好的单菌落转接至LB液体培养基,在30 ℃、200 r/min条件下振荡培养约12-16 h,获得活菌浓度为1×109 CFU/mL的菌悬液备用。玉米种子选用‘郑单958’。
试验于2024年在河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所智能温室完成。选取籽粒饱满、大小均匀的玉米种子进行表面消毒:先用75%乙醇浸泡1 min,再用5%次氯酸钠溶液处理2 min,之后用无菌水反复冲洗7-8次,最后用无菌滤纸吸干表面水分。将种子播于填充基质土的育苗盘中,待幼苗生长至三叶期时选取长势均匀的健康苗进行移栽。试验采用直径32 cm、高25 cm的花盆,每盆装土壤10 kg。共设置4组处理:(1) 对照组(control check, CK),土壤取自河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所大棚,为营养元素正常的土壤(38°05′63″N,114°44′02″E,海拔52.1 m);(2) 低养分处理(low nutrient treatment, LNT),土壤取自河北省石家庄市藁城区低肥力胁迫土壤(38°05′95″N,114°76′28″E,海拔53.7 m);(3) 低养分处理+浇灌菌液M11 (M11+LNT);(4) 低养分处理+浇灌菌液M28 (M28+LNT)。2种土壤的营养元素基本信息见表1。每处理设置10盆,每盆定植1株,重复3次。M11+LNT和M28+LNT处理组于移栽当天在每株玉米根部浇灌10 mL菌悬液,CK和LNT组浇灌等量清水。所有植株置于人工气候室中培养,设定温度为25 ℃,光周期为12 h光照/12 h黑暗。30 d后以相同方式对M11+LNT组和M28+LNT组进行第二次菌液追加。指标测定:于玉米抽雄期进行植株表型与生理指标测定。使用叶绿素仪(Konica Minolta公司)测定功能叶片的叶绿素相对含量(soil and plant analyzer development value, SPAD值);株高定义为从茎基部至植株自然最高点的垂直高度;茎粗为地上部茎基段的直径;第三片真叶的长度和最大宽度分别记录为叶长与叶宽。之后将植株按地上部和根系分开,分别称取鲜重;样品置于电热恒温鼓风干燥箱(上海智城分析仪器制造有限公司)中经105 ℃杀青15 min,再将温度设置为70 ℃烘至恒重,冷却后测定干重。
在玉米生长至抽雄期时小心地将整株根系取出,轻柔抖落附着于根表的松散土壤即根围土。准确称取10 g样品,装入无菌采样袋中,将所得土样过2 mm筛,均匀平铺于洁净报纸上,于室内条件下自然风干。风干后的土样用于土壤理化性质的系统测定。土壤有机质含量采用重铬酸钾氧化-外加热法测定;全氮含量使用凯氏定氮法进行测定;全磷含量采用酸消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(acid digestion- inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, ICP-OES)分析;速效磷含量通过碳酸氢钠浸提-钼锑抗比色法测定;速效钾含量采用乙酸铵浸提-原子吸收分光光度法测定;碱解氮含量应用碱解扩散法进行定量;土壤电导率(electrical conductivity, EC)和pH值分别按水土比5:1和2.5:1浸提后,分别使用电导率仪和pH酸度计[梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司]进行测定[22]
于玉米生长至抽雄期时采用便携式光合测定系统(PP System公司)对该时期植株自上而下第3片完全展开叶片的气体交换参数进行系统测定,包括净光合速率(net photosynthetic rate, Pn)、蒸腾速率(transpiration rate, Tr)、气孔导度(stomatal conductance, Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(intercellular CO2 concentration, Ci)、水分利用效率(water use efficiency, WUE)以及水汽压差(vapour pressure deficit, VPD)。测定过程中叶室参数设置:光合有效辐射(photosynthetically active radiation, PAR)为1 600 μmol/(m2·s),CO2浓度为360 μmol/mol,光源为LED[23]。每个试验组均进行3次独立重复测量。
采用便携式光合仪(Li-COR公司)对玉米叶片叶绿素荧光参数进行测定。测定前,将植株于黑暗环境中适应一整夜,选取生长状况良好且长势均匀的第3片完全展开叶作为测试对象。首先关闭作用光,施加饱和脉冲光,光强为8 000 μmol/(m2·s),依次获取暗适应下的最小荧光(minimal fluorescence, Fo)与最大荧光(maximal fluorescence, Fm)以及最大光化学效率(maximum quantum yield of PSII, Fv/Fm)。随后,在光环境下活化1 h,根据实际环境光强度设定活化光强,于600 μmol/(m2·s)的光照条件下测定光适应状态下的最小荧光(light-adapted minimal fluorescence, Fo′)、最大荧光(light-adapted maximal fluorescence, Fm′)、非光化学淬灭系数(non-photochemical quenching, NPQ)、实际光化学量子产量(actual quantum yield of PSII, ΦPSII)、表观光合电子传递速率(electron transport rate, ETR)、光化学淬灭系数(photochemical quenching, qP)和基于激发能压力的光化学淬灭系数(fraction of open PSII centers based on excitation energy, qL)。
分别将不同处理的玉米幼苗完全展开功能叶进行20-30 min的暗适应处理。利用便携式光合仪测定该叶片的OJIP曲线。测定时避开主叶脉区域,通过强度为3 000 μmol/(m2·s)的脉冲红光诱导叶片荧光,信号采集时间自2 μs起至1 s结束。每个处理设3次重复。以对数时间为横轴,依据光合测定系统自动输出的不同时刻荧光强度值绘制OJIP曲线。将曲线在各时间区间的荧光信号标准化为相对可变荧光,应用零一归一法进行处理:将起始点O (0 ms)处的相对荧光设为0,分别将J点(2 ms)、I点(30 ms)和P点(1 000 ms)的相对荧光值标定为1,以此实现标准化。参照Li等[24]提出的方法,计算标准可变荧光(standardized variable fluorescence at time t, Vt)、相对可变荧光(difference in relative variable fluorescence, ΔVt),以及参数I相到P相之间的带面积(band area between the I and P steps, WI-P)、I-P带面积的差值(difference in the band area between the I and P steps, ΔWI-P)、O相到K相之间的带面积(band area between the O and K steps, WO-K)、O-K带面积的差值(difference in the band area between the O and K steps, ΔWO-K)。其中,在任意时间点t的标准可变荧光(standardized variable fluorescence at time t, Vt)计算如公式(1)所示。
Vt=(Ft-Fo)/(Fm-Fo)
式中:Ft表示暗适应样品在光照时间为t时的荧光强度,Fo为PSII反应中心处于完全开放状态时的最小荧光值(即t=0时的荧光),Fm代表OJIP曲线中P点所对应的最大荧光强度。
K点处的相对可变荧光(relative variable fluorescence at the K-step, VK)计算如公式(2)所示。
VK=(FK-Fo)/(Fm-Fo)
式中:FK为OJIP荧光动力学曲线在300 μs时间点(K点)的荧光数值。
J点处的相对可变荧光(relative variable fluorescence at the J-step, VJ)计算如公式(3)所示。
VJ=(FJ-Fo)/(Fm-Fo)
式中:FJ为OJIP曲线在2 ms处(J点)的荧光测量值。
K点的可变荧光占J点与基础荧光之差的比例参数(fluorescence kinetic parameter at the K-step, WK)表达计算如公式(4)所示。
WK=(FK-Fo)/(FJ-Fo)
依据Strasser等[25-26]、李鹏民等[27]建立的分析框架,计算快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学分析(junction-intermediate-peak test, JIP-test)各项荧光参数。
玉米达到成熟期后,各处理随机采集10个玉米穗作为样本,测定每穗的质量为鲜重。样本经自然风干处理后,再测定每穗的质量为干重。
数据处理与统计分析分别采用Microsoft Excel 2016和SPSS 22.0软件完成。其中,显著性差异检验通过单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)并结合Duncan’s多重比较方法进行,设定显著性水平为P<0.05。绘图使用GraphPad Prism 8和Origin 2021进行绘制。
LNT处理的土壤养分贫瘠,各养分含量极显著低于CK组(P<0.01),pH和EC值则显著高于CK组(表2)。与LNT处理组相比,M11+LNT和M28+LNT处理对土壤养分指标产生了明显的积极影响,其中M11+LNT处理组变化更为显著。M11+LNT处理显著提升了土壤中的全磷、有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量(P<0.05),相较于LNT处理组增幅分别达到12.76%、18.05%、23.12%和50.88%,其中速效钾的提高尤为突出,表明M11菌株在促进钾元素有效性方面具有显著作用。另一方面,M11+LNT处理还使土壤电导率显著降低了39.12%,说明土壤盐分状况得到改善,可能更有利于作物根系生长和养分吸收。此外,尽管全氮和水解性氮含量在处理后也呈上升趋势,但其差异未达显著水平(P>0.05)。M28+LNT处理则显著提高了土壤的全氮含量,其他理化指标虽然也有提高,但变化不显著(P>0.05)。
低肥力胁迫处理显著降低了玉米的株高、叶长、叶宽以及干重和鲜重(图1)。与CK相比,LNT处理的玉米株高、叶长和叶宽分别下降了43.13%、38.35%和37.63%。与LNT处理相比,M11+LNT处理的玉米株高、叶长和叶宽分别提高了38.63%、24.42%和21.26%,而M28+LNT处理仅株高达到显著差异(P<0.05),提高了33.68%。LNT处理显著降低了玉米叶片的相对叶绿素含量(P<0.05),M11+LNT处理相比LNT处理显著提高了玉米叶片的相对叶绿素含量30.36% (P<0.05),而M28+LNT未达到显著差异(P>0.05)。与对照相比,LNT处理极显著地降低了玉米植株地上部和地下部的干重和鲜重,分别比CK降低了57.70%、81.83%、53.89%和83.02% (P<0.01),而M11+LNT和M28+LNT处理均能显著提高玉米植株的干重和鲜重。低肥力胁迫下,M11+LNT和M28+LNT处理有效缓解了玉米生长发育所受的限制,促进了玉米的生长。
与对照组相比,LNT处理显著降低了玉米叶片的PnTr、WUE及GsCi和VPD则显著提高,玉米的光合作用受到限制(图2)。接种菌株的处理组显著改善了玉米植株的光合特性,M11+LNT处理组的效果尤为显著,光合参数达到与对照相同的水平。与LNT处理组相比,M11+LNT处理使玉米叶片的PnTr、WUE及Gs均出现显著上升(P<0.05),其提高幅度依次达到11.29倍、2.61倍、2.97倍和4.58倍。与此同时,Ci和VPD则显著下降,降低比例分别为85.46%和30.29%,与对照组持平。这一现象说明,接种M11菌株有助于减少低肥力胁迫条件下玉米叶片的水分蒸腾损失,同时增强叶片对CO2的同化能力,从而整体提升玉米的光合性能。与LNT相比,M28+LNT处理PnTr、WUE及Gs均显著提升,但提升幅度显著低于M11+LNT处理,且Ci和VPD也显著下降,仅Ci值与M11+LNT处理组水平相当。
与对照组相比,LNT处理对PSII性能产生了抑制作用。Fo显著提高了31.18%,表明PSII天线色素系统受到一定程度的损伤。Fv/FmΦPSII、ETR以及qPqL均显著降低,表明PSII反应中心的潜在活性和光能转化能力减弱(图3)。M11+LNT和M28+LNT处理的荧光参数变化趋势一致,Fo分别显著降低了27.65%和28.50%,表明PSII天线色素系统的损伤减少或能量耗散降低,反映了光合机构的完整性得到改善。Fv/Fm均显著提高,说明PSII反应中心的潜在活性和光能转化能力增强。在光适应条件下,M11+LNT和M28+LNT处理组的ΦPSII、ETR以及qPqL均表现出极显著的提升,两者增幅一致,均比对照提高了36.46%-71.75% (P<0.01)。这一结果表明,在光照环境中PSII反应中心用于光化学反应的能量比例大幅增加,线性电子传递速率加快,反应中心的开放程度更高,光合作用运行效率显著提升。此外,NPQ与对照组相比无显著差异,说明M11和M28处理在显著提升光能利用效率的同时,并未额外增加植株的热耗散机制,暗示其光合性能的改善并非通过增强光保护机制实现,而是直接优化了光化学反应过程本身。
通过对OJIP曲线的分析发现,对照组的玉米叶片均表现出典型的OJIP曲线特征,包含O、J、I、P 4个关键相点,这表明其PSII的基本功能框架完整。然而,4组处理在荧光强度及曲线形态上存在显著差异(图4A)。LNT处理导致原始OJIP曲线发生明显变形,LNT组的玉米叶片在O点(Fo)的荧光值始终高于其他3组处理,I点上升缓慢且P点的叶绿素荧光强度显著降低(P<0.05),并出现K点。与LNT处理相比,M11+LNT和M28+LNT处理的玉米叶片的Fo值显著下降,未出现K点,I点和P点的叶绿素荧光强度均得到提高。M11+LNT处理与对照组的OJIP曲线变化趋势一致,Fm值略高于对照;M28处理的OJIP曲线整体趋势低于对照组。
对原始OJIP荧光动力学曲线进行标准化处理后,得到了标准化OJIP曲线,该曲线能更清晰地揭示PSII中能量捕获与电子传递的细节特征。与对照组相比,LNT组植株的标准OJIP曲线呈现出典型的胁迫响应模式:其O、J和I点的荧光强度均呈增加趋势(图4B)。其中,J点显著升高,反映出QB及其下游电子受体的还原受阻,PSII受体侧的电子传递过程受到明显抑制;同时,O-J阶段的显著上升进一步证实了电子在QA⁻处发生积累,光合线性电子传递链的启动效率降低。其中,对照组在标准化曲线上出现了明显的K峰,且其荧光强度逐渐上升,这是PSII供体侧受损的标志性特征。K峰的出现通常与放氧复合体(oxygen evolving complex, OEC)的失活或功能障碍直接相关,表明水裂解过程受到破坏,无法及时向PSII反应中心提供电子。此外,LNT组的P点荧光强度下降,且显著低于对照组,说明其PSII的最大光能转化能力受损。相比之下,M11+LNT和M28+LNT处理的标准OJIP曲线与对照组趋势一致,有效缓解了土壤低肥力胁迫下营养贫瘠带来的不利影响,显著降低了胁迫引起的J点升高,维持了受体侧电子传递的顺畅;同时抑制了K峰的出现,表明OEC功能得到保护,PSII供体侧的稳定性增强;此外,还提高了I点和P点的荧光强度,反映出电子传递的能力增强,整体光化学性能和能量转化效率得到显著改善。
为了更清晰地揭示有益菌处理对玉米PSII原初光化学反应过程的影响,本研究以LNT组为基准,计算了其他3组处理在不同时间点的标准化荧光差值(ΔVt)。通过对图5A中ΔVt曲线的分析,可以直观地辨别4组处理在电子传递链功能上的细微差异。结果表明,M11+LNT、M28+LNT处理和对照组变化趋势相似,但与LNT组在荧光诱导曲线的O-J相的ΔVt值存在较大差异,说明M11+LNT和M28+LNT处理显著改变了PSII反应中心最初的激发能捕获和电子转移过程。M11+LNT和M28+LNT处理在K点和J点附近显著降低了相对可变荧光强度,且降幅均达到显著水平(P<0.05)。如图5B所示,K点ΔVt的显著下降表明,M11+LNT和M28+LNT处理有效缓解了OEC供体侧的潜在损伤,保障了水分裂解功能的高效运行;而J点ΔVt的降低则意味着PSII受体侧QA⁻至QB的电子传递更加顺畅,电子在QA处的积累减少,从而减轻了受体侧的抑制压力。正是由于K点和J点荧光的显著降低,使得M11+LNT和M28+LNT处理在整个K-J相能够将相对可变荧光强度维持在一个较低的水平,这反映出从PSII供体侧到受体侧的早期电子传递过程更为高效,能量阻滞和耗散得以减少。此外,在I点附近,M11+LNT和M28+LNT处理的相对可变荧光强度也始终低于LNT组(ΔVt<0)。I点荧光与PQ库的还原状态及电子传递至光系统I (photosystem I, PSI)的效率有关,该点的降低进一步表明M11+LNT和M28+LNT处理促进了下游电子传递链的电子流通能力,使得电子能够更快速地超越QA和QB,向PSI及最终电子受体输送。通过ΔVt分析,从动力学角度证实了接种M11和M28通过同步优化PSII供体侧和受体侧功能,有效增强了线性电子传递链的整体效率,从而提升了玉米植株的光合性能。
在叶绿素荧光动力学分析中,WO-I≥1部分的I-P相位振幅是反映PSI含量和活性的重要指标,该参数与PSI受体侧末端电子受体库的规模及还原状态密切相关。通常,I-P相振幅减小表明PSI受体侧电子向下游传递的过程受阻,电子受体库可用性降低或受到抑制,从而导致PSI功能下降。如图6所示,LNT组的I-P相振幅在所有处理中为最小,说明玉米叶片PSI受体侧末端的电子受体库严重受限,造成PSI活性受到显著抑制,可能影响烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen, NADPH)的生成和碳同化效率。相比之下,M11+LNT处理、M28+LNT处理和对照组变化趋势一致,显著增大了WO-I≥1部分I-P相的振幅,表明M11和M28菌株能够有效缓解PSI受体侧电子积累的状况,增强末端电子受体库的接受能力。这说明M11+LNT和M28+LNT处理不仅改善PSII的电子供应能力,也优化了PSI下游的电子流通路径,从而保障光合电子传递链从PSII至PSI的整体运行效率,提升叶片在光能利用与转化方面的性能。
ΔWO-K值可用于评估类囊体膜间的能量传递状态。当该指标为正值时通常表示类囊体之间的能量传递过程存在阻碍;而为负值时则表明光合膜系统结构完整,能量能够高效地在单位间传递。如图7所示,以LNT组为基准,其他3组处理的玉米叶片其ΔWO-K值整体表现为负值,说明该处理促进了类囊体间的能量传递,维持了光合膜结构的完整性。然而,在0.02-0.04 ms的时间区间内,3组处理ΔWO-K出现短暂正值,提示该时段内能量传递曾出现轻微受阻。低肥力胁迫的贫瘠条件下,玉米叶片PSII天线系统之间的能量连通性受到明显抑制。经M11和M28处理后,类囊体膜间的能量连接性得到显著增强,表明该处理可有效缓解不良环境所导致的光合功能损伤,提升光能利用效率。
为解析玉米叶片PSII的生理状态,本研究对OJIP曲线进行了JIP-test参数分析,并将各参数以对照组为基准进行归一化处理以比较不同处理间的相对差异。如图8所示,LNT组的多个荧光参数与对照相比发生显著变化:FoVJ、相对荧光曲线的初始斜率(approximated initial slope of the fluorescence transient, Mo)、单位反应中心吸收的光能(absorption flux per reaction center, ABS/RC)、单位反应中心耗散的能量(dissipated energy flux per reaction center,DIo/RC)、用于热耗散的量子比率(quantum ratio for dissipated energy, φDo)、单位横截面积吸收的光能(absorption flux per cross-sectional area,ABS/CSo)、单位横截面积的热耗散能量(dissipated energy flux per cross-sectional area,DIo/CSo)及单位面积有活性反应中心的数量(number of reaction centers per unit area, RC/CSo)均显著升高;而单位反应中心捕获的用于电子传递的能量(electron transport flux per reaction center, ETo/RC)、最大光化学效率(maximum quantum yield for primary photochemistry, φPo)、捕获的激子将电子传递到电子传递链中超过QA的其他电子受体的概率(probability that a trapped exciton moves an electron into the electron transport chain beyond QA, Ψo)、电子传递的量子产额(quantum yield for electron transport, φEo)、单位横截面积电子传递的量子产额(quantum yield for electron transport flux per cross-sectional area, ETo/CSo)、以吸收光能为基础的性能指数(performance index on absorption basis, PIABS)和以单位面积为基础的性能指数(performance index on cross section basis, PICS)则显著降低,且各参数偏离幅度较大,表明其在能量分配方面与对照组存在显著差异。M11+LNT处理和M28+LNT处理的荧光参数都围绕在对照组附近,说明接种M11和M28的玉米叶片叶绿素吸收、捕获和传递光能的能力未受到低肥力胁迫的抑制。
在电子传递方面,参数Mo代表OJIP曲线初始斜率,反映PSII反应中心QA的还原速率。M11和M28处理使Mo值较LNT组显著降低13.02%和13.01%,表明QA再氧化能力增强,反应中心开放程度提高,有助于提升电子传递启动效率。同时,M11+LNT处理组的ETo/RC及ETo/CSo也分别较LNT组显著提高39.54%和18.82%,M28+LNT处理组分别提高了43.14%和11.11%,说明PSII下游电子传递能力增强,更多光能用于推动线性电子流。Fo值常作为PSII反应中心完整性的指标,其升高通常暗示反应中心受损或失活。本研究中M11+LNT处理的FoVJ均显著下降,降幅分别达21.89%与17.31%,M28+LNT分别达26.87%和19.04%;同时,M11+LNT处理组反映PSII综合性能的指数PIABS和PICS也分别提高到LNT组的2.02倍和1.22倍,M28+LNT则提高2.35倍和1.14倍。这些结果说明M11和M28的接种有效减轻了低肥力胁迫对PSII反应中心的损伤,有助于维持其光化学活性。
在能量耗散方面,M11+LNT和M28+LNT处理组的DIo/RC和DIo/CSo均显著低于LNT组,反映热耗散的能量比例下降;而M11+LNT处理组代表电子传递效率的参数ΨoφEo分别上升33.71%和51.92%,M28处理组分别上升37.08%和52.14%。这表明用于光化学反应的能量分配比例提高。此外,M11+LNT和M28+LNT处理组热耗散的量子产额φDo也大幅降低,DIo/RC降幅达40.08%和40.84%。M11和M28处理优化了光能在PSII中的分配比例,减少无效热耗散,促进光合电子传递,从而提高了光能利用效率。
图9所示,成熟期玉米产量均表现为CK组>M11+LNT组>M28+LNT组>LNT组。M11+LNT和M28+LNT处理的10穗玉米鲜重分别为1.90 kg和1.78 kg,较LNT组分别提高了30.61%和22.64%,干重分别提高了26.68%和23.41%。
我国低肥力胁迫土壤分布广泛,其产能提升对保障国家粮食安全、推动农业可持续发展具有重要战略意义。据《2019年全国耕地质量等级情况公报》[28]显示,低肥力胁迫土壤面积约占全国耕地总面积的68.76%,显示出巨大的增产潜力与提升空间。玉米作为我国北方主要的粮食作物,其生产状况直接关系到国家粮食供给安全、农业生态稳定及区域经济发展,一直是农业科研关注的重点领域。本研究以河北省藁城区东南部的典型贫瘠耕地土壤为研究对象,该区域土壤肥力低下,玉米产量长期处于较低水平。庞党伟等[29]研究表明,改良土壤肥力不仅有助于提高作物产量,还在固碳减排、应对气候变化等方面发挥积极作用。然而,当前研究多集中于土壤物理化学性质的改良与培肥,关于低肥力胁迫土壤条件对作物光合生理机制影响的系统性研究仍较为缺乏。因此,探讨贫瘠土壤环境下作物光合性能的响应特征与调控途径,对挖掘低肥力胁迫土壤产能潜力、确立针对性改良策略具有重要理论价值与实践意义。
低肥力胁迫土壤普遍存在养分贫瘠问题,主要表现为氮、磷、钾等关键矿质元素含量偏低,严重制约作物正常生长。这类土壤环境易导致作物干物质积累量减少、总叶面积缩小及叶绿素含量下降,进而抑制作物生物量与产量的形成[30]。Adams等[31]研究指出,在磷素胁迫条件下,植物光合产物输出受阻与生物量增长受限可引发光合作用的反馈抑制。孙志宇等[32]的研究进一步表明,亚低磷胁迫会显著抑制花生功能叶片的PnTrGs,从而导致其光合能力全面下降。玉米作为C4作物,具备较高的光能利用效率和二氧化碳同化能力,其光合性能的维持对产量形成至关重要。卢怡宁等[15]研究发现,适量施氮能够提高土壤养分有效性,为碳氮矿化提供底物,促进有效养分的释放,从而为玉米生长发育和光合作用提供持续的营养供应。Lu等[33]在山东棕壤上的研究表明,施氮量约185 kg/hm2可通过提高净光合速率、增加叶绿素含量、优化穗粒数和千粒重等途径显著提升玉米籽粒产量。因此,探索提升土壤氮磷钾供应能力并增强作物光合效率的途径是实现玉米高产的重要研究方向。本研究通过利用低肥力胁迫土壤种植玉米,分别接种P. huaxiensis M11和B. megaterium M28,发现施加有益菌能够有效缓解由土壤营养胁迫引起的光合抑制现象。接种玉米植株的根际土壤氮磷钾含量均有不同程度的提高,光合特性分析表明,接种处理极大提升了PnGsTr和WUE,这与熊伟仡等[34]的研究结果一致。同时,接种处理显著优化了PSII的功能状态,表现为Fv/FmΦPSII、ETR及qPqL的显著提高,同时未引起NPQ的增强,这与在干旱[35]或低温[36]胁迫下启动NPQ光保护机制的研究发现不同。当作物光合速率提升,但NPQ不变时说明有益菌对光合性能的保护机制源于光化学反应效率的提升,而非热耗散机制的激活。
PSII是光保护机制的主要作用位点,OJIP曲线能够灵敏地反映PSII反应中心在原初光化学反应过程中的状态变化,为进一步探究M11和M28菌株对玉米PSII反应中心活性、电子传递效率及光保护能力的生理机制,本研究比较了不同处理条件下叶片OJIP荧光动力学的差异。该曲线在胁迫条件下会出现明显的K相,各相位特征与PSII不同功能组分的活性密切相关[37]。M11+LNT和M28+LNT处理的Fo值均显著低于LNT处理,Fo的降低通常意味着PSII天线色素的光能捕获效率更高,或非辐射能量耗散减少,反映出接种处理可能增强了反应中心的稳定性或开放比例,这与Kalaji等[38]在胁迫生理研究中提出的Fo变化反映了PSII基础状态的观点一致。接种处理的J点荧光强度低于LNT组,说明接种处理减轻了电子传递在QB之后的受阻情况,PSII受体侧的电子传递能力更强,QA⁻能更有效地将电子向下游传递,这一发现与Strasser等[26]关于J点荧光与电子传递效率负相关的理论阐释相符。尤为重要的是,接种处理未出现明显的K点。K点的出现通常与OEC损伤或供体侧功能障碍密切相关,M11+LNT和M28+LNT处理未出现K峰,表明其成功保护了PSII的供体侧,维持了OEC的正常功能,确保了水裂解过程的持续进行,这与Zhang等[39]研究结果一致,也支持了Chen等[40]关于微生物增效剂可缓解光抑制、维持OEC稳定的结论。接种处理的I点和P点的荧光强度始终显著高于LNT组。I点的升高表明电子传递超越QA⁻后,库侧电子容量及传递效率更高,类似于Govindjee[41]所描述的PSII-PSI间电子链通畅的表现;而P点的显著提升则直接证明接种处理植株的PSII具有更高的最大光能转化潜力和光化学活性,这与Živčák等[42]报道中Fm升高反映光化学能力增强的结论相一致。综上所述,接种M11和M28通过保护OEC功能、促进线性电子传递,全面增强了PSII的运行效率,从而帮助玉米更好地适应低肥力胁迫的贫瘠环境。
通过对原始数据进行标准化处理得到的ΔVt动力学曲线,可更清晰地识别胁迫条件下PSII反应中心的细微变化[43]。Zhang等[39]研究证实,VK的增大与OEC损伤密切相关,表明水裂解过程受限,向PSII反应中心传递的电子数减少;而VJ升高则暗示电子从QA到QB的传递受阻,导致QA过度积累,进而降低线性电子传递效率。本研究结果显示,分别接种M11和M28后,玉米叶片未出现明显的K相,且VJVK值均显著下降,表明该菌株能够有效减轻营养胁迫对PSII供体侧和受体侧电子传递的抑制。值得注意的是,接种处理还使WO-I≥1区段的振幅显著增加,说明PSI末端电子受体的还原能力增强,PSI与PSII之间的协调性得到改善,促进了电子在光合链上的传递。石嘉琦等[44]研究发现,高温胁迫下合理施氮可以提高黄瓜叶片PSII的OEC活性,促进能量传递,减缓PSI受体侧末端电子受体库的抑制,促进叶片光合作用的有序进行。类似地,本研究中M11和M28菌株不仅提高了OEC活性,增强了PSII的稳定性,还通过优化2个光系统间的电子流分配,从而提高光能利用效率,这一机制与Jain等[45]在植物-微生物互作研究中观察到的光合协调增强现象相符。此外,菌株处理对PSI功能的促进作用也支持了Kalaji等[38]提出的观点,即光合性能的整体提升依赖于PSII和PSI的协同优化。
为阐明M11和M28改善玉米光合作用的内在机理,本研究利用OJIP曲线衍生的JIP-test参数综合评价了PSII反应中心在光能吸收、转化及电子传递等环节的功能特性。电子传递方面,MoΨoφEo等参数可作为PSII供体侧功能的重要指标。Mo值上升通常意味着QA还原速率提高,致使还原型QA-积累增多;ΨoφEo的降低则显示电子超越QA后的传递过程受到抑制[46]。本研究中接种处理的玉米叶片Mo值明显低于LNT组,ΨoφEo则显著上升,表明M11和M28均能减轻PSII供体侧的受损程度,改善能量在反应中心之间的配置,这与Strasser等[26]提出的“能量流理论”中关于PSII功能可塑性的观点一致。ETo/RC与ETo/CSo的提升,连同I-P阶段振幅的增加,共同说明M11+LNT和M28+LNT处理有助于推动PSII至PSI的电子转移,强化了2个光系统之间的协同作用,类似现象在PGPR促进作物光合性能的研究中也有报道[47]。在能量耗散方面,接种处理的DIo/RC、DIo/CSoφDo值均显著下降,伴随初始荧光Fo的降低,反映出以热能形式耗散的光能减少,表明光合机构更有效地将光能用于光化学反应,这一结果与Zhang等[48]在研究微生物调控光保护机制中的发现相符。与此同时,代表PSII综合性能的光合性能指数PIABS和PICS均明显提高,说明M11+LNT和M28+LNT处理提升了叶片将光能转化为化学能的速率和效益,增强了光能利用效率,降低了光抑制发生概率。非光化学淬灭系数qP的升高,表明菌株促使光合机构在2个光系统之间实现了更有效的能量再分配,加强了光保护能力[49]ΦPSII的显著提高,进一步支持了M11和M28主要通过优化电子传递链功能以全面提高叶片光合能力的作用模式,这与Živčák等[42]强调电子传递效率是限制光合作用的关键因素的观点相一致。
M11通过显著提升土壤磷钾有效性,可能更直接地调控了光合作用中的能量代谢、气孔运动与碳同化等关键生理过程。能量代谢方面,磷作为ATP和NADPH的重要组成部分,其有效性的提升直接促进了光合同化力的形成[50],本研究中M11+LNT处理组Pn的显著提升印证了这一机制;同时,钾离子作为气孔开闭的主要调节因子,其有效性的增加显著改善了Gs,为CO2的充分供应创造了条件。在碳同化方面,磷不仅是卡尔文循环中RuBisCO、3-磷酸甘油酸激酶等关键酶的必需辅因子,还直接参与光合产物的转运与转化,这与孙志宇等[32]在花生研究中发现的磷胁迫导致碳同化受阻的结论相呼应。此外,钾通过调节叶片渗透势和保卫细胞膨压,进一步优化了Ci与WUE的协同关系[51]。与M11菌株主要提升磷钾有效性不同,M28对土壤全氮含量的显著提升可能使其调控光合作用的生理路径更侧重于影响叶绿素的生物合成与光合蛋白的含量。氮素是构成叶绿素分子和光合机构如PSII反应中心D1蛋白、RuBisCO大亚基等关键蛋白的核心元素[52]。本研究结果显示,尽管M28+LNT处理对SPAD值的提升未达显著水平,但其促进了Fv/FmΦPSII等反映PSII光能转化效率的核心参数的恢复,这表明M28可能通过改善植株氮素营养,保障了光合机构的生物合成与组装,从而维持了PSII较高的内在活性与稳定性。这一机制与刘鹏等[3]关于氮素高效利用直接关系玉米光合性能的论述相符,也印证了卢怡宁等[15]提出的氮素供应通过促进碳氮代谢为光合作用提供物质基础的观点。M28处理下,虽然气体交换参数的提升幅度不及M11,但其可以使PIABSφEo恢复到对照水平,这进一步说明其作用核心可能在于优化光系统单元的结构完整性及其内部电子传递效率,而非直接驱动气孔开放或碳同化酶的瞬时活化。M11菌株通过改善磷钾营养直接激活了从光能捕获到碳固定的光合过程,而M28菌株可能主要通过增强光合作用的光能捕获与转化系统的产能效率来间接支持碳同化。图10系统阐明了两者分别主导的“磷钾活化-能量驱动”与“氮素促进-结构稳定” 2条调控通路,M11和M28分别从优化PSII供体侧与受体侧功能、增强电子传递链通量及稳定PSI活性等方面,缓解了低肥力胁迫对光合电子传递链的阻碍,避免了辐射耗散,促进高效的光化学反应。这些结果为根际促生菌通过差异化营养调控策略改善作物光合性能提供了新证据。尽管本研究明确了菌株M11与M28在低肥力胁迫下的显著缓解效果,但这些菌株在正常养分土壤条件下是否表现出相同的促生潜力,其功能是胁迫特异性还是广谱性的,仍是一个值得深入探究的科学问题。未来的研究将通过增设“正常土壤+接菌”处理组,进一步界定这些菌株的功能属性,为微生物菌剂的精准推广提供更全面的理论依据。
P. huaxiensis M11通过改善土壤磷、钾有效性,而B. megaterium M28则是通过提高土壤全氮含量优化土壤养分条件,为植株营造了更有利的根际环境,进而显著提升叶片光合性能。M11和M28提高光合作用主要体现在光合电子传递方面,未出现的K点和降低的J点以及I-P相振幅的增大显著优化了PSII供体侧与受体侧功能。JIP-test参数PIABS、PICSφEoΨo的上升以及DIo/RC的下降说明M11和M28优化了光能分配,减少非光化学耗散,增强光化学效率。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1901302-4)
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2026年第66卷第3期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250766
  • 接收时间:2025-10-13
  • 首发时间:2026-03-12
  • 出版时间:2026-03-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-13
  • 录用日期:2025-11-13
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National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1901302-4)
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1901302-4)
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    1.河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所,河北省肥料技术创新中心,河北 石家庄
    2.东北农业大学 生命科学学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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