Article(id=1226136787018498257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226136782408954119, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250609, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1754409600000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1760284800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-10-13, onlineDate=1770263390545, onlineDateStr=2026-02-05, pubDate=1770134400000, pubDateStr=2026-02-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770263390545, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770263390545, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770263390545, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226136782408954119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='2', pageStart='481', pageEnd='955', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770263389446, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770268138976, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1226156703490683529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226136782408954119, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1226156703490683530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226136782408954119, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=899, endPage=914, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226136787291128026, articleId=1226136787018498257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=High level expression of recombinant horseshoe crab factor C enzymogen and its application in endotoxin detection, columnId=1194702985843413943, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Technology and Method, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To develop a low-cost and highly sensitive endotoxin detection reagent and detection method with recombinant horseshoe crab factor C enzymogen (rFC). [Methods] The Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system was used to express rFC in Sf9 cells and the activity of rFC was measured by the end-point fluorescence assay with endotoxin. The conditions of protein expression were optimized, and ion exchange was used for crude enzyme separation. An endotoxin detection method with rFC based on end-point fluorescence assay was established after the reaction conditions were optimized. Furthermore, the established method was compared with the conventional limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL). [Results] The expression level of rFC was 110.42 mg/L, increasing by 4.75 times. The linear range of endotoxin detection was 0.005-1.000 EU/mL in 1 h, with a good linearity and the limit of detection being 0.005 EU/mL. The applicability rate of this method for actual samples was 92.45%. The consistency of the detection results was 83.67%, and 89.80% of the samples had consistent detection limits with LAL. [Conclusion] This study achieves the efficient expression of rFC and establishes an endotoxin detection method with higher sensitivity than LAL, which has great potential for application.

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E-mail: WU Qingping,
CHEN Ling,
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【目的】 利用重组鲎C因子酶原(recombinant horseshoe crab factor C enzymogen, rFC)开发一种低成本、高灵敏度的内毒素检测试剂及相应检测方法。 【方法】 采用Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒表达系统在昆虫细胞Sf9中表达rFC,并通过终点荧光法测定其酶活性。优化蛋白表达条件,采用离子交换进行初步纯化。优化rFC的反应条件,进而建立基于终点荧光法的内毒素检测方法,并将该方法与传统鲎试剂(limulus amebocyte lysate, LAL)进行等效性验证。 【结果】 重组鲎C因子酶原的表达量为110.42 mg/L,提高了4.75倍。该内毒素检测方法在0.005-1.000 EU/mL范围内具有良好的线性,反应时间为1 h,检测限为0.005 EU/mL。该方法在实际样本中的适用率为92.45%,检测值一致性为83.67%,且89.80%的样本检测限值与LAL法一致。 【结论】 本研究成功实现了重组鲎C因子酶原的高效表达,建立了低成本、灵敏度高于普通鲎试剂的内毒素检测方法,具有良好的应用潜力。

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作者贡献声明

陈富:整体实验调研、设计、实验操作、数据分析、图表绘制、文章撰写和修改;吴文卿:参与实验调研、设计、数据分析,协助完成蛋白表达、纯化和实际样本检测;刘婷婷:指导内毒素检测、提供资源和论文指导;曾嘉辉:采集实际样本并提供资源,指导实验设计和数据校对;邓梅清:指导内毒素检测、监督管理和实验数据复核;林秀华:指导内毒素检测和提供实际样本;吴清平:论文整体设计构思、论文修改、提供资源;陈玲:指导整体实验设计、基金获取、文章修改和文章校对。

, authorsList=陈富, 吴文卿, 刘婷婷, 曾嘉辉, 邓梅清, 林秀华, 吴清平, 陈玲)}, authors=[Author(id=1226195550744264748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1226195550895259707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, authorId=1226195550744264748, language=EN, stringName=Fu CHEN, firstName=Fu, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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3.Food and Drug Laboratory, Guangdong Detection Center of Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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3.广东省微生物分析检测中心,食品药品实验室,广东 广州
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Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(12): 109718., articleTitle=Distance-based lateral flow biosensor for the quantitative detection of bacterial endotoxin, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1226195560810594895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, awardId=2022YFF1100700, language=EN, fundingSource=the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1100700), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226195560902869589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, awardId=2022YFF1100700, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1100700), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1226195548944909309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226195548953297918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, companyId=1226195548944909309, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226195548965880831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, companyId=1226195548944909309, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.华南理工大学 生物科学与工程学院,广东 广州)]), AuthorCompany(id=1226195550257725449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226195550266114057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, companyId=1226195550257725449, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Key Laboratory of Big Data Technologies for Food Microbiological Safety (State Administration for Market Regulation), Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226195550270308362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, companyId=1226195550257725449, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广东省科学院微生物研究所,华南应用微生物国家重点实验室,广东省微生物安全与健康重点实验室,国家卫健委微生物食品营养与安全科技创新平台,国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(食品微生物安全大数据技术),广东 广州)]), AuthorCompany(id=1226195550396137490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, xref=3., 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companyId=1226195550505189407, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.Guangdong Huankai Biological Sci & Tech Co. , Ltd. , Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226195550521966624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, companyId=1226195550505189407, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.广东环凯生物科技有限公司,广东 肇庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1226195556054253964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Establishment of endotoxin detection method based on recombinant horseshoe crab factor C enzymogen., figureFileSmall=vF1sqqMDNPkr4k/QU2bBOw==, figureFileBig=2tB2haiuoEkGo7MYEIb6ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195556159111566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=CN, label=图1, caption=基于重组鲎C因子酶原的内毒素检测方法构建, figureFileSmall=vF1sqqMDNPkr4k/QU2bBOw==, figureFileBig=2tB2haiuoEkGo7MYEIb6ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195556347855260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Construction and identification of pFastBac1-Not I-CrFC21-Kpn I. A: The amplification of Not I-CrFC21-Kpn I by PCR (Lane M: DL5000 DNA marker; Lane 1: Not I-CrFC21-Kpn I); B: The identification of pFastBac1-Not I-CrFC21-Kpn I (Lane M1: DL5000 DNA marker; Lane 1: The negative control of PCR; Lane 2: Negative for pFastBac1-Not I-CrFC21-Kpn I; Lane 3: Positive for pFastBac1-Not I-CrFC21-Kpn I; Lane M2: DL15000 DNA marker); C: The identification of pFastBac1-Not I-CrFC21-Kpn I by enzyme digestion (Lane M1: DL5000 DNA marker; Lane 1: pFastBac1; Lane 2: pFastBac1-Not I-CrFC21-Kpn I; Lane 3: The enzyme digestion of pFastBac1; Lane 4: The enzyme digestion of pFastBac1-Not I-CrFC21-Kpn I; Lane M2: DL15000 DNA marker)., figureFileSmall=kgvG41peKjvNY45wi5zioA==, figureFileBig=7ikj3pZw74OWJa/MxAUI6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195556456907169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=CN, label=图2, caption=重组转座质粒pFastBac1-Not I-CrFC21-Kpn I构建和鉴定。A:PCR扩增Not I-CrFC21-Kpn I (泳道M:DL5000 DNA marker;泳道1:Not I-CrFC21-Kpn I);B:重组转座质粒pFastBac1-Not I-CrFC21-Kpn I的菌落PCR鉴定(泳道M1:DL5000 DNA marker;泳道1:PCR空白对照;泳道2:pFastBac1-空载质粒;泳道3:阳性克隆;泳道M2:DL15000 DNA marker);C:双酶切验证(泳道M1:DL5000 DNA marker;泳道1:pFastBac1-空载;泳道2:pFastBac1-Not I-CrFC21-Kpn I;泳道3:双酶切pFastBac1-空载;泳道4:双酶切pFastBac1-Not I-CrFC21-Kpn I;泳道M2:DL15000 DNA marker)。, figureFileSmall=kgvG41peKjvNY45wi5zioA==, figureFileBig=7ikj3pZw74OWJa/MxAUI6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195556582736296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Construction and identification of recombinant baculovirus vector Bacmid-CrFC21. A: The blue-white spot screening assay for Bacmid-CrFC21; B: The identification of positive transforming colonies by PCR (Lane M: DL5000 DNA marker; Lane 1: The negative control of PCR; Lane 2: Negative for Bacmid-CrFC21; Lanes 3, 5, 6: Positive for Bacmid-CrFC21; Lanes 4, 7: False positive for Bacmid-CrFc21); C: The identification of Bacmid-CrFC21 by enzyme digestion (Lane M1: DL5000 DNA marker; Lane 1: The enzyme digestion of Bacmid-CrFC21; Lane 2: The enzyme digestion of wild Bacmid; Lane 3: The non-enzyme digestion of wild Bacmid; Lane 4: The non-enzyme digestion of Bacmid-CrFC21; Lane M2: DL15000 DNA marker)., figureFileSmall=Xm0NdjY5EEsAA3bjDbaZNA==, figureFileBig=j6LkO29cd0m7qT+71RtkTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195556729536944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=CN, label=图3, caption=重组杆状病毒载体Bacmid-CrFC21 的构建和鉴定。A:重组杆状病毒载体Bacmid-CrFC21蓝白斑筛选;B:阳性转化子菌落PCR鉴定(泳道M:DL5000 DNA marker;泳道1:PCR空白;泳道2:Bacmid-空载;泳道3、5、6:Bacmid-CrFC21;泳道4、7:假阳性,无Bacmid载体);C:杆状病毒载体双酶切鉴定(泳道M1:DL5000 DNA marker;泳道1:Bacmid-CrFC21双酶切;泳道2:Bacmid-空载双酶切;泳道3:Bacmid-空载;泳道4:Bacmid-CrFC21;泳道M2:DL15000 DNA marker)。, figureFileSmall=Xm0NdjY5EEsAA3bjDbaZNA==, figureFileBig=j6LkO29cd0m7qT+71RtkTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195556876337588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Production and identification of recombinant baculovirus ACMNPV-CrFC21. A: Sf9 cells without infection; B: Sf9 cells infection of wild ACMNPV; C: Sf9 cells infection of ACMNPV-CrFC21; D: The identification of ACMNPV-CrFC21 by PCR (Lane 1: The negative control of PCR; Lane 2: Sf9 cells without infection; Lane 3: Sf9 cells infection of wild ACMNPV; Lane 4: Sf9 cells infection of ACMNPV-CrFC21; Lane M: DL5000 DNA marker)., figureFileSmall=+Ns38mKCR0N59UvNClQCbg==, figureFileBig=1v1jDmkNsWd6UFN8HmIsAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195557056692674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=CN, label=图4, caption=重组杆状病毒颗粒ACMNPV-CrFC21 制备和鉴定。A:正常Sf9细胞;B:ACMNPV-野生型杆状病毒侵染Sf9细胞;C:ACMNPV-CrFC21杆状病毒侵染Sf9细胞;D:杆状病毒PCR验证(泳道1:PCR空白;泳道2:Sf9细胞;泳道3:ACMNPV-野生型;泳道4:ACMNPV-CrFC21;泳道M:DL5000 DNA marker)。, figureFileSmall=+Ns38mKCR0N59UvNClQCbg==, figureFileBig=1v1jDmkNsWd6UFN8HmIsAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195557211881932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Identification of recombinant horseshoe crab factor C enzymogen. A: The activity assay of recombinant horseshoe crab factor C enzymogen (1: Sf9 cells without infection; 2: Sf9 cells infection of wild ACMNPV; 3: Sf9 cells infection of ACMNPV-CrFC21); B: The molecular size of recombinant horseshoe crab factor C enzymogen by SDS-PAGE (Lane 1: Sf9 cells without infection; Lane 2: Sf9 cells infection of wild ACMNPV; Lane 3: Sf9 cells infection of ACMNPV-CrFC21; Lane M: 180 kDa plus prestained protein marker)., figureFileSmall=KN4iJdZtTx5KeaeIzQHAEg==, figureFileBig=wgV/SaDnOksgiQGFvTF48Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195557337711057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=CN, label=图5, caption=重组鲎C因子酶原鉴定。A:重组鲎C因子酶原活性鉴定(1:Sf9;2:ACMNPV-wild;3:ACMNPV-CrFC21);B:重组鲎C因子酶原SDS-PAGE分子量鉴定(泳道1:Sf9;泳道2:ACMNPV-wild;泳道3:ACMNPV-CrFC21;泳道M:180 kDa plus prestained protein marker)。, figureFileSmall=KN4iJdZtTx5KeaeIzQHAEg==, figureFileBig=wgV/SaDnOksgiQGFvTF48Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195557467734489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=The expression optimization of recombinant horseshoe crab factor C enzymogen. A: The effect on the expression of recombinant horseshoe crab factor C enzymogen by time; B: The effect on the expression of recombinant horseshoe crab factor C enzymogen by MOI (The expression time is 84 h)., figureFileSmall=5LKbSxu8UuGoLlCQCPMqAA==, figureFileBig=JIc2Ht4iFgT03OPC8JnRtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195557572592096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=CN, label=图6, caption=重组鲎C因子酶原表达优化。A:表达时间对重组鲎C因子酶原活性的影响;B:MOI对重组鲎C因子酶原表达的影响(表达84 h)。, figureFileSmall=5LKbSxu8UuGoLlCQCPMqAA==, figureFileBig=JIc2Ht4iFgT03OPC8JnRtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195557803278826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=The gradient elution of recombinant horseshoe crab factor C enzymogen. A: The effect on gradient elution of recombinant horseshoe crab factor with NaCl; B: The SDS-PAGE of purified horseshoe crab factor C enzymogen (Lane 1: Non-reduced type; Lane 2: Reduced type; Lane M: 180 kDa plus prestained protein marker)., figureFileSmall=WXHiBBukDlMqQ4mTChpg0g==, figureFileBig=N6nBjyq2cv/64VFZGiq85A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195559241925104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=CN, label=图7, caption=重组鲎C因子酶原梯度洗脱。A:不同NaCl浓度对重组鲎C因子酶原的洗脱效果;B:纯化蛋白SDS-PAGE (泳道1:非还原型;泳道2:还原型;泳道M:180 kDa plus prestained protein marker)。, figureFileSmall=WXHiBBukDlMqQ4mTChpg0g==, figureFileBig=N6nBjyq2cv/64VFZGiq85A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195559346782710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=The optimization reaction of recombinant horseshoe crab factor C enzymogen. A: pH; B: NaCl; C: Fluorescent substrate; D: Enzyme volume., figureFileSmall=HWC6zRowc+u4j2VtjtC+LQ==, figureFileBig=wUnwyFx95MBYQL4mKexvVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195559455834625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=CN, label=图8, caption=重组鲎C因子酶原反应体系优化。A:pH对酶活性的影响;B:NaCl对酶活性的影响;C:荧光底物对酶活性的影响;D:酶量对酶活性的影响。, figureFileSmall=HWC6zRowc+u4j2VtjtC+LQ==, figureFileBig=wUnwyFx95MBYQL4mKexvVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195559594246666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=The establishment of endotoxin detection method. A: The sensitivity assay of this study; B: The sensitivity assay of commercialization kit; C: The linearity of endotoxin detection is 0.005-5.000 EU/mL; D: The linearity of endotoxin detection is 0.005-1.000 EU/mL., figureFileSmall=XiRFx5tsHIm9Ry/NnZDMww==, figureFileBig=eo3dMGk9LmRtcnrInyaeFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195559736853011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=CN, label=图9, caption=内毒素检测方法建立。A:自研-灵敏度测试;B:商品化试剂盒-灵敏度测试;C:自研-检测范围0.005-5.000 EU/mL;D:自研-检测范围0.005-1.000 EU/mL。, figureFileSmall=XiRFx5tsHIm9Ry/NnZDMww==, figureFileBig=eo3dMGk9LmRtcnrInyaeFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195559841710619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=EN, label=Figure 10, caption=Equivalence verification of recombinant factor C method. A: Applicable rate; B: Comparison of detection values; C: Comparison of detection limits., figureFileSmall=OQagwQZ5U4u/Xtg0L/9jfQ==, figureFileBig=FUJ1r0pEHpoqmpQjW/QLoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195559950762530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=CN, label=图10, caption=重组C因子法等效性验证。A:适用率;B:检测值比较;C:检测限值比较。, figureFileSmall=OQagwQZ5U4u/Xtg0L/9jfQ==, figureFileBig=FUJ1r0pEHpoqmpQjW/QLoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195560047231525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

PCR primer sequence

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

引物名称

Primer names

引物序列

Primer sequences (5′→3′)

P1ATTTGCGGCCGCATGGTCTTAGCGTCG
P2CGGGGTACCTCAAATGAACTGCCTAATCCATGA
P3CGGATTATTCATACCGTCCCACCAT
P4GATCCAGACATGATAAGATACATTGATG
P5CCCAGTCACGACGTTGTAAAACG
P6AGCGGATAACAATTTCACACAGG
), ArticleFig(id=1226195560126923307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

PCR引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

引物名称

Primer names

引物序列

Primer sequences (5′→3′)

P1ATTTGCGGCCGCATGGTCTTAGCGTCG
P2CGGGGTACCTCAAATGAACTGCCTAATCCATGA
P3CGGATTATTCATACCGTCCCACCAT
P4GATCCAGACATGATAAGATACATTGATG
P5CCCAGTCACGACGTTGTAAAACG
P6AGCGGATAACAATTTCACACAGG
), ArticleFig(id=1226195560244363827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of precision and accuracy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

Endotoxin

(EU/mL)

This studyLALCommercialization kit
Precision (%)Accuracy (%)Precision (%)Accuracy (%)Precision (%)Accuracy (%)
0.0055.9285.119.5069.608.4038.72
0.0103.8888.631.1392.2012.8249.89
0.0502.5093.471.5870.485.1343.99
0.1004.9593.411.2663.464.1077.91
0.5003.5296.590.2080.506.1484.92
1.0001.2199.030.5088.207.9288.55
5.0003.7683.821.5365.882.7699.21
), ArticleFig(id=1226195560370192952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

精密度和准确度比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

Endotoxin

(EU/mL)

This studyLALCommercialization kit
Precision (%)Accuracy (%)Precision (%)Accuracy (%)Precision (%)Accuracy (%)
0.0055.9285.119.5069.608.4038.72
0.0103.8888.631.1392.2012.8249.89
0.0502.5093.471.5870.485.1343.99
0.1004.9593.411.2663.464.1077.91
0.5003.5296.590.2080.506.1484.92
1.0001.2199.030.5088.207.9288.55
5.0003.7683.821.5365.882.7699.21
), ArticleFig(id=1226195560479244861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Sample summary

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample classificationSample
Dialysis waterHemodialysis solutionsa, hemodialysis replacement fluidb, the inlet of reverse osmosis water, the outlet of reverse osmosis water, the backwater outlet for reverse osmosis water, the terminal of reverse osmosis waterc
DrugSulfamethazine sodiumd, dexamethasonee, raffinosef, dressingsg
Injectable amino acidshArginine hydrochloride, glutamate, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, arginine, lysine acetate, cysteine hydrochloride, asparaginate, glycine, cystine
Medical consumablesiAuminium foil bag, medicinal low-density polyethylene bag, inner package material
Biological productsβ-nicotinamide mononucleotidej, nicotinamide adenine dinucleosidej, nicotinamidej, polysaccharidek
FoodTap-waterl, pure waterm, drinking purified watern, natural mineral watern, yogurtn, oral liquidn
), ArticleFig(id=1226195560579908165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136787018498257, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

样本汇总

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample classificationSample
Dialysis waterHemodialysis solutionsa, hemodialysis replacement fluidb, the inlet of reverse osmosis water, the outlet of reverse osmosis water, the backwater outlet for reverse osmosis water, the terminal of reverse osmosis waterc
DrugSulfamethazine sodiumd, dexamethasonee, raffinosef, dressingsg
Injectable amino acidshArginine hydrochloride, glutamate, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, arginine, lysine acetate, cysteine hydrochloride, asparaginate, glycine, cystine
Medical consumablesiAuminium foil bag, medicinal low-density polyethylene bag, inner package material
Biological productsβ-nicotinamide mononucleotidej, nicotinamide adenine dinucleosidej, nicotinamidej, polysaccharidek
FoodTap-waterl, pure waterm, drinking purified watern, natural mineral watern, yogurtn, oral liquidn
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重组鲎C因子酶原的高效表达及其在内毒素检测中的应用
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陈富 1, 2 , 吴文卿 2 , 刘婷婷 2, 3 , 曾嘉辉 2, 3 , 邓梅清 2, 3 , 林秀华 2, 3 , 吴清平 2 , 陈玲 2, 3, 4
微生物学报 | 技术与方法 2026,66(2): 899-914
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微生物学报 | 技术与方法 2026, 66(2): 899-914
重组鲎C因子酶原的高效表达及其在内毒素检测中的应用
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陈富1, 2, 吴文卿2, 刘婷婷2, 3, 曾嘉辉2, 3, 邓梅清2, 3, 林秀华2, 3, 吴清平2 , 陈玲2, 3, 4
作者信息
  • 1.华南理工大学 生物科学与工程学院,广东 广州
  • 2.广东省科学院微生物研究所,华南应用微生物国家重点实验室,广东省微生物安全与健康重点实验室,国家卫健委微生物食品营养与安全科技创新平台,国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(食品微生物安全大数据技术),广东 广州
  • 3.广东省微生物分析检测中心,食品药品实验室,广东 广州
  • 4.广东环凯生物科技有限公司,广东 肇庆
High level expression of recombinant horseshoe crab factor C enzymogen and its application in endotoxin detection
Fu CHEN1, 2, Wenqing WU2, Tingting LIU2, 3, Jiahui ZENG2, 3, Meiqing DENG2, 3, Xiuhua LIN2, 3, Qingping WU2 , Ling CHEN2, 3, 4
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Key Laboratory of Big Data Technologies for Food Microbiological Safety (State Administration for Market Regulation), Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
  • 3.Food and Drug Laboratory, Guangdong Detection Center of Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
  • 4.Guangdong Huankai Biological Sci & Tech Co. , Ltd. , Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
出版时间: 2026-02-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250609
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【目的】 利用重组鲎C因子酶原(recombinant horseshoe crab factor C enzymogen, rFC)开发一种低成本、高灵敏度的内毒素检测试剂及相应检测方法。 【方法】 采用Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒表达系统在昆虫细胞Sf9中表达rFC,并通过终点荧光法测定其酶活性。优化蛋白表达条件,采用离子交换进行初步纯化。优化rFC的反应条件,进而建立基于终点荧光法的内毒素检测方法,并将该方法与传统鲎试剂(limulus amebocyte lysate, LAL)进行等效性验证。 【结果】 重组鲎C因子酶原的表达量为110.42 mg/L,提高了4.75倍。该内毒素检测方法在0.005-1.000 EU/mL范围内具有良好的线性,反应时间为1 h,检测限为0.005 EU/mL。该方法在实际样本中的适用率为92.45%,检测值一致性为83.67%,且89.80%的样本检测限值与LAL法一致。 【结论】 本研究成功实现了重组鲎C因子酶原的高效表达,建立了低成本、灵敏度高于普通鲎试剂的内毒素检测方法,具有良好的应用潜力。

杆状病毒表达系统  /  重组鲎C因子酶原  /  内毒素检测

[Objective] To develop a low-cost and highly sensitive endotoxin detection reagent and detection method with recombinant horseshoe crab factor C enzymogen (rFC). [Methods] The Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system was used to express rFC in Sf9 cells and the activity of rFC was measured by the end-point fluorescence assay with endotoxin. The conditions of protein expression were optimized, and ion exchange was used for crude enzyme separation. An endotoxin detection method with rFC based on end-point fluorescence assay was established after the reaction conditions were optimized. Furthermore, the established method was compared with the conventional limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL). [Results] The expression level of rFC was 110.42 mg/L, increasing by 4.75 times. The linear range of endotoxin detection was 0.005-1.000 EU/mL in 1 h, with a good linearity and the limit of detection being 0.005 EU/mL. The applicability rate of this method for actual samples was 92.45%. The consistency of the detection results was 83.67%, and 89.80% of the samples had consistent detection limits with LAL. [Conclusion] This study achieves the efficient expression of rFC and establishes an endotoxin detection method with higher sensitivity than LAL, which has great potential for application.

baculovirus expression system  /  recombinant horseshoe crab factor C enzymogen  /  endotoxin detection
陈富, 吴文卿, 刘婷婷, 曾嘉辉, 邓梅清, 林秀华, 吴清平, 陈玲. 重组鲎C因子酶原的高效表达及其在内毒素检测中的应用. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (2) : 899 -914 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250609
Fu CHEN, Wenqing WU, Tingting LIU, Jiahui ZENG, Meiqing DENG, Xiuhua LIN, Qingping WU, Ling CHEN. High level expression of recombinant horseshoe crab factor C enzymogen and its application in endotoxin detection[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (2) : 899 -914 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250609
内毒素(endotoxin)是革兰氏阴性菌细胞壁外膜中的脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)复合物,是引发热原反应、脓毒症和多器官功能障碍的主要致病因子[1-2],严重威胁人类生命健康[3-6]。其性质稳定、难以去除,广泛存在于药品、医疗器械及生物制品中[7-11]。因此,建立灵敏可靠的内毒素检测方法对保障公共卫生安全至关重要。
目前,内毒素检测主要依赖鲎试验法(limulus amoebocyte lysate, LAL);该法虽灵敏度高、应用广泛,但其生产严重依赖鲎血资源;鲎因过度采捕导致种群濒危,于2021年被我国列为国家二级保护动物,进而使得鲎试剂原料获取日趋受限[12-13]。此外,LAL法在实际应用中易受(1,3)-β-d-葡聚糖等的干扰,存在特异性不足的问题[14]。鲎C因子酶原(horseshoe crab factor C enzymogen, FC)是一种对痕量内毒素高度敏感的丝氨酸蛋白酶原,是鲎试剂启动内毒素检测酶级联反应的关键组分;其可被内毒素激活并水解人工合成的荧光底物,进而实现高灵敏度的内毒素定量检测[15]。近年来,重组鲎C因子酶原(recombinant horseshoe crab factor C enzymogen, rFC)已通过多种异源表达系统成功获得,并开发出基于荧光法的商品化内毒素检测试剂盒(重组C因子法)[16-19]。然而,重组C因子法因生产成本高昂,导致其商品化进程缓慢、市场占有率较低[19]。因此,开发低成本的重组鲎C因子酶原制备工艺已成为当前领域的研究热点。
本研究采用Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒表达系统在昆虫细胞Sf9中高效表达rFC,通过优化表达条件以获得最佳产量;通过优化酶反应条件提高其在内毒素检测中的灵敏度,以期为建立一种低成本、高灵敏度的内毒素检测方法并实现大规模推广应用奠定坚实基础(图1)。
大肠杆菌感受态细胞DH5α、pUC57-CrFC21质粒购自生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;含pFastBac1质粒的大肠杆菌购自广东省科学院微生物研究所;大肠杆菌感受态细胞DH10Bac购自北京庄盟国际生物基因科技有限公司;草地贪夜蛾细胞(Sf9)购自国家实验细胞资源共享平台。
限制性内切酶Not I、Kpn I,宝生物工程(大连)有限公司;T4 DNA Ligase试剂盒,南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司;荧光底物,西格玛奥德里奇(上海)贸易有限公司;Tris、CM-琼脂糖凝胶CL-6B,北京索莱宝科技有限公司;Lipofectamine 3000,赛默飞世尔科技公司;内毒素标准品(90 EU/支),中国食品药品检定研究院;动态浊度法鲎试剂(每支1.25 mL)、细菌内毒素检查用水,湛江安度斯生物有限公司;重组C因子法内毒素检测试剂盒,苏州瑞特佰生物科技有限公司。
BioTeK/Cytation 5细胞成像微孔板检测系统,伯腾仪器有限公司;LKM动态试管检测仪,湛江安度斯生物有限公司。
在NCBI网站下载圆尾蝎鲎(Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda)的鲎C因子酶原DNA序列CrFC21 (登录号为S77063.1),并由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司完成基因合成。以合成的基因序列为模板,使用引物P1/P2进行PCR扩增。PCR反应体系(50 μL):2×Phanta Max Mix (P515) 25 µL,上、下游引物(10 µmol/L)各1 µL,DNA模板1 µL,ddH2O 22 µL。PCR反应条件:94 ℃预变性5 min;94 ℃变性10 s,60 ℃退火10 s,72 ℃延伸3 min,共35个循环;72 ℃终延伸10 min。PCR产物与pFastBac1质粒先经Not I和Kpn I双酶切,随后进行胶回收纯化,并使用T4 DNA连接酶连接。将连接产物转化至大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞中37 ℃培养过夜后,通过菌落PCR (引物P3/P4,表1)筛选阳性克隆,PCR反应体系和PCR反应条件与使用引物P1/P2时相同。
将重组转座质粒pFastBac1-CrFC21转化至含有Helper和Bacmid的大肠杆菌DH10Bac感受态细胞中。将转化产物涂板于含有50 μg/mL卡那霉素、10 μg/mL四环素、7 μg/mL庆大霉素、40 μg/mL IPTG及200 μg/mL X-gal的LB平板,于37 ℃培养过夜。通过蓝白斑筛选,挑取白色菌落;使用引物P5/P6 (表1)进行菌落PCR以鉴定阳性克隆菌株。PCR反应体系、反应条件与1.3节使用引物P1/P2时相同。
利用Lipofectamine 3000将5 μg Bacmid-CrFC21转染至Sf9细胞,于27 ℃培养7 d。收集培养上清,4 ℃、500×g离心10 min后,获得P1代重组杆状病毒储液。随后,将P1代病毒以感染复数(multiplicity of infection, MOI)=0.1感染Sf9细胞,培养4 d后收集P2代病毒储液;用P2代病毒以相同MOI感染细胞,培养4 d后获得P3代病毒储液。取200 μL P3代病毒液提取核酸,并参照1.3节方法进行PCR验证。
使用P3代病毒感染Sf9细胞(MOI为1.0),于27 ℃、200 r/min条件下培养72 h,分别收集培养上清和细胞沉淀。细胞沉淀经无热原水洗涤2-3次后,于冰水浴中进行超声破碎(功率240 W,工作时间5 s、间歇5 s,总时长20 min)。破碎液4 ℃、12 000×g离心10 min,收集上清,作为胞内组分待测。
取5 μL待测样品,与20 μL 10×反应缓冲液(0.1 mol/L Tris-HCl,pH 8.00,1.5 mol/L NaCl)、2 μL 1 mmol/L荧光底物及75 μL无热原水在96孔板中混合。实验组加入100 μL 1 EU/mL LPS,空白对照组则加入等体积无热原水。37 ℃孵育,在激发光360 nm、发射光460 nm下分别读取0 h和1 h的荧光值,计算其相对荧光增益值(relative fluorescence unit, ΔRFU),选取酶活性显著的组分进行SDS-PAGE分析。
为评估不同感染复数下的表达效果,将细胞悬液(密度2.0×106个/mL)分别以MOI为500、50、5的条件进行接毒,并每隔12 h收集1次上清液,采用1.6节方法检测其酶活性。
采用弱阳离子交换层析(CM-琼脂糖凝胶)对发酵液上清进行初步纯化。将样品上柱后,使用不同离子强度的缓冲液进行梯度洗脱,并参照1.6节的方法检测各洗脱组分的酶活性。收集具有活性的组分,经超滤浓缩后于4 ℃保存备用。
为确定最佳反应条件,分别考察了pH、NaCl浓度、酶量及荧光底物浓度对酶活性的影响。具体参数设置如下:pH梯度为6.00-10.00 (间隔0.50);NaCl浓度梯度为0.05-0.50 mol/L;酶量为1-10 μL;荧光底物浓度为10-140 μmol/L。通过对比各条件下的反应活性,筛选最优反应体系。
用无热原水将内毒素标准品配制成90 EU/mL的母液,再稀释至10 EU/mL,进一步经10倍或等倍梯度稀释,获得浓度为5.000、1.000、0.500、0.100、0.050、0.010、0.005、0.001 EU/mL的标准品溶液。参照1.6节方法测定各浓度对应的荧光增益值,以内毒素浓度为横坐标,相对荧光增益值为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线。依据《中国药典》(2020年版)第四部通则1143中细菌内毒素检查法的相关规定[20],对标准曲线进行有效性判定。
选取透析液、医药耗材、注射药品、氨基酸、包装饮用水、酸奶等实际样本,采用本研究建立的方法与鲎试剂进行等效性验证。根据《中国药典》(2020年版)第四部通则1143对检测结果进行有效性判定。
以pUC57-CrFC21质粒为模板,PCR扩增鲎C因子酶原全长序列(图2A)。将连接产物转化至大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞中,挑选阳性转化子进行菌落PCR验证。阳性克隆在3 432 bp位置有目的条带;阴性克隆在406 bp位置有空载条带(图2B)。双酶切鉴定阳性克隆质粒(pFastBac1-CrFC21),阳性克隆质粒条带正确(含有目的条带3 071 bp和线性化载体4 731 bp) (图2C)。
将重组转座质粒pFastBac1-CrFC21转化至大肠杆菌DH10Bac感受态细胞中,涂布于含有抗性、诱导剂和显色底物的平板中,37 ℃培养过夜。蓝白斑筛选,阳性克隆菌为白色,阴性克隆菌体(Bacmid-空载)为蓝色(图3A)。挑选阳性克隆菌体进行菌落PCR鉴定,真阳性克隆菌体(Bacmid-CrFC21)在5 400 bp位置存在目的条带,假阳性克隆菌体无目的条带(图3B)。提取真阳性克隆菌体质粒,分别进行双酶切鉴定和一代测序验证。真阳性克隆菌体质粒Bacmid-CrFC21在3 071 bp具有目的条带(图3C)。测序结果与预期一致,表明重组杆状病毒载体Bacmid-CrFC21构建成功。
将收集的P2代杆状病毒浸染Sf9细胞,27 ℃培养96 h后在显微镜下观察。未被杆状病毒侵染的细胞圆润、有光泽(图4A);被杆状病毒侵染的细胞出现臃肿、漂浮、不贴壁、细胞间隙变大、细胞碎片多等细胞病变现象(图4B4C)。重组杆状病毒ACMNPV-CrFC21在5 400 bp存在目的条带,而ACMNPV-空载(野生型)在310 bp存在目的条带,正常Sf9细胞无条带(图4D),表明具有侵染Sf9细胞的重组杆状病毒颗粒ACMNPV-CrFC21制备成功。
具有完整活性的重组鲎C因子酶原仅存在于重组杆状病毒ACMNPV-CrFC21的培养基上清中(图5A),该蛋白为分泌蛋白。将发酵液上清进行SDS-PAGE鉴定,其全长的分子量约为116 kDa (图5B)。经DTT处理,还原二硫键后双链结构分开,分别为80 kDa的重链和36 kDa的轻链(图5B)。
不同表达时间对重组鲎C因子酶原活性具有显著影响,其在攻毒24 h后开始表达,最佳表达时间为84 h (图6A)。当MOI>50时重组鲎C因子酶原表达量差异不显著,其最佳MOI=5 (图6B)。
收集具有酶活性的组分(图7A)并利用30 kDa超滤膜对收集液进行超滤浓缩和脱盐。将酶活性最高的流穿组分进行SDS-PAGE,其非还原型条带为116 kDa,还原型具有80 kDa的重链和36 kDa 轻链(图7B)。蛋白纯度约为50%,表达量为110.42 mg/L。
重组鲎C因子酶原在pH 7.50时酶活性最高(图8A);在NaCl浓度为0.20-0.30 mol/L时酶活性最高(图8B);荧光底物在90 μmol/L时酶活性最高(图8C);当酶量≥6 μL时其酶活性最高(图8D)。综上所述,最佳反应体系为pH 7.50、NaCl 0.20 mol/L、荧光底物90 μmol/L和6 μL酶(即1.422 μg/200 μL)。
通过对系列稀释内毒素标准品的荧光信号测定,进而构建内毒素检测方法。该方法的检测限为0.005 EU/mL (图9A),判定依据为信噪比(S/N)≥3且响应值显著高于空白对照,其灵敏度优于目前常用的商品化试剂盒(图9B)。当内毒素含量在0.005-5.000 EU/mL范围内时,荧光增益值与内毒素含量的线性拟合度为R2=0.998 03,相关系数Pearson’r=0.999 14>0.98,符合《中国药典》要求(图9C)。然而,内毒素含量<0.100 EU/mL时其准确度<50.00%。当内毒素含量在0.005-1.000 EU/mL范围内时,荧光增益值与内毒素含量线性关系良好,线性拟合度为R2=0.999 21,相关系数Pearson’r=0.999 66>0.98,符合《中国药典》要求(图9D),且该区间内精密度(CV<10.00%)与准确度(>85.00%)均符合要求,性能优于普通鲎试剂(检测限0.01 EU/mL) (表2)。此外,1 L发酵液上清可制备77 651次反应,具备良好的制备效率。
根据上述建立的内毒素检测方法,对实际样本进行测试(表3),并与鲎试剂进行等效性验证(图10)。本方法可用于反渗水、药品、注射剂氨基酸、医用耗材、生物制品和食品中的内毒素检测,适用率为92.45% (图10A)。由于透析液和置换液的加标回收率<50%而检测无效,该方法不适用于透析液和置换液样本。《中国药典》允许鲎试剂的检测结果与真实值存在50%-200%的偏差(即加标回收率为50%-200%),因此当鲎试剂检测值/重组鲎C因子法检测值>50%且<200%时可判定检测结果一致。其中,16.33%样本的检测结果与鲎试剂检测结果不一致(图10B),分别为敷料、自来水、天然饮用水、风行酸奶和口服液,鲎试剂检测值大于重组鲎C因子法,可能是样本中含有真菌葡聚糖引起鲎试剂的假阳性。89.80%样本的检测限值与鲎试剂相同,6.12%样本检测限值优于鲎试剂,4.08%样本检测限值劣于鲎试剂。
随着鲎资源濒临枯竭而内毒素检测需求持续增长,开发可靠、可持续的鲎试剂替代方案迫在眉睫[21-23]。目前,主要替代路径包括基于基因工程的重组试剂[24-25]、基于细胞模型的活性检测[26-28]、新型内毒素识别分子的开发[29-31]以及结合现代仪器的靶向检测技术[32-33]。其中,重组鲎C因子(rFC)法因其操作简便、反应快速、灵敏度高、可持续等突出优势,已被欧洲药典、美国药典等多国监管机构逐步采纳;然而,该技术的商业化与普及仍面临多重挑战:FC酶原分子结构复杂,缺乏高效表达系统;其对内毒素污染高度敏感,表达环境要求苛刻;生产工艺成本高昂,制约了其市场竞争力[15]。因此,开发低成本的rFC酶原制备方法已成为推动该技术落地的关键研究方向。
为获得具有完全生物活性的rFC酶原,研究者已尝试多种表达系统。原核系统(如大肠杆菌[34-35])与低等真核系统(如酵母[35-36])因无法完成复杂翻译后修饰,且产物易形成包涵体或发生错误折叠,均难以获得具有天然活性的蛋白。随后,研究转向高等真核表达系统,包括昆虫细胞(如果蝇S2细胞[37]、家蚕BmN细胞[16]、家蚕幼虫[16]、草地贪夜蛾SF9细胞[18])和哺乳动物细胞(如COS-1细胞[38]、HEK 293S GnTI-细胞[17]、Expi293F细胞[19]、HEK 293T细胞[39]、乳腺癌细胞MCF-7[39])。然而,其中仅少数宿主(如草地贪夜蛾Sf9细胞、HEK 293S GnTI-细胞、HEK 293T细胞及乳腺癌MCF-7细胞)可成功表达具有完全活性的rFC酶原,并据此建立内毒素检测方法。例如,祁静等[16]采用Bac-to-Bac/BmNPV杆状病毒系统在家蚕幼虫中表达重组鲎C因子酶原,检测限为0.2 EU/mL;张轶岭等[18]利用昆虫细胞表达系统,发酵液上清的检测限达0.05 EU/mL,检测时间为90 min;柯文锋等[19]基于Expi293F细胞表达体系,检测限为0.05 EU/mL,检测时间缩短至60 min;兰兰等[40]通过优化杆状病毒表达系统同样实现0.05 EU/mL的检测灵敏度。然而,上述研究大多未对重组蛋白进行深度纯化和反应体系系统优化,导致其检测灵敏度普遍低于传统鲎试剂(0.01 EU/mL),限制了其实用性。
针对上述瓶颈,本研究通过优化表达条件与反应条件成功建立了低成本、高灵敏度的内毒素检测方法。本方法在多项关键性能上取得显著提升:检测限达0.005 EU/mL,灵敏度为普通鲎试剂的2倍;线性范围宽(0.005-1.000 EU/mL);精密度(CV<10.00%)与准确度(>85.00%)良好,且与鲎试剂结果等效,显示出良好的可靠性与实际应用前景。
未来rFC技术的进一步发展可从以下几个方向着力:在技术层面,可通过优化信号放大系统与引入新型检测策略(如结合传感或纳米材料)进一步提升检测灵敏度与反应速度;在系统集成方面推动技术向微型化、智能化与集成化方向发展,将有助于拓展其在现场快速检测领域的应用场景[41-46]。此外,严格参照相关法规要求,开展更广泛的实际样本等效性验证,将为rFC法提供坚实的理论支持并加速其市场认可进程。通过持续优化生产工艺以降低综合成本,rFC技术有望逐步提高市场渗透率,最终成为传统鲎试剂的可靠替代品,为内毒素检测领域提供一条可持续、高效率的新路径。
本研究基于杆状病毒表达系统,成功实现了具有完全生物活性的重组鲎C因子酶原的高效表达。通过系统性优化,目标蛋白产量提升了4.75倍,并建立了灵敏度达0.005 EU/mL的内毒素检测方法。该方法与鲎试剂等效,可作为其可靠替代方案,为内毒素检测提供了新的技术选择。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1100700)
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2026年第66卷第2期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250609
  • 接收时间:2025-08-06
  • 首发时间:2026-02-05
  • 出版时间:2026-02-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-06
  • 录用日期:2025-10-13
基金
the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1100700)
国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1100700)
作者信息
    1.华南理工大学 生物科学与工程学院,广东 广州
    2.广东省科学院微生物研究所,华南应用微生物国家重点实验室,广东省微生物安全与健康重点实验室,国家卫健委微生物食品营养与安全科技创新平台,国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(食品微生物安全大数据技术),广东 广州
    3.广东省微生物分析检测中心,食品药品实验室,广东 广州
    4.广东环凯生物科技有限公司,广东 肇庆
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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