微生物学报

作物 Crops	病原菌 Pathogens	抗病微生物 Disease-resistant microbes	作用机制和生防方式 Mechanism of action and biological control methods	参考文献 References
辣椒 Capsicum annuum	辣椒疫霉菌 Phytophthora capsici	铜绿假单胞菌Pa608 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pa608	单菌生防：产生的α-蒎烯和3-蒈烯能够抑制辣椒疫霉菌的生长 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain Pa608 inhibits the growth of Phytophthora capsici by producing α-pinene and 3-carene	[49]
油菜 Brassica rapa var. oleifera	核盘菌 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum	苏云金芽孢杆菌4F5 Bacillus thuringiensis 4F5	单菌生防：同时激活水杨酸、乙烯和茉莉酸信号通路，触发油菜的诱导系统抗性 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain activates the salicylic acid, ethylene, and jasmonic acid signaling pathways simultaneously, thereby triggering induced systemic resistance in Brassica rapa var. oleifera	[76]
玉米 Zea mays	禾谷镰孢菌 Fusarium graminearum	解淀粉芽孢杆菌OR2-30 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens OR2-30	单菌生防：产生的脂肽(伊枯草菌素)抑制病原真菌分生孢子的形成和萌发、诱导活性氧的产生并导致菌丝体细胞死亡 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain OR2-30 inhibits the growth of F. graminearum by secreting iturin to suppress conidial formation and germination, inducing the production of reactive oxygen species, and causing mycelial cell death	[77]
番茄 Solanum lycopersicum	茄科罗尔斯通氏菌 Ralstonia solanacearum	恶臭假单胞菌IsoF Pseudomonas putida IsoF	单菌生防：P. putida IsoF借助四型b亚型分泌系统以接触依赖的方式将毒素递送至病原菌内，并入侵现有生物膜，从而保护番茄植株免受病原菌的侵害 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain IsoF utilizes its type IVB secretion system to deliver toxins into pathogens in a contact-dependent manner and invade existing biofilms, thereby protecting tomato plants from pathogenic infection	[78]
蒺藜苜蓿，豌豆 Medicago truncatula, Pisum sativum	根丝丝霉 Aphanomyces euteiches	寡雄腐霉M1 Pythium oligandrum M1	单菌生防：诱导植物体内合成抗菌异黄酮类化合物和苯丙类化合物，并调整根际微生物群落 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain M1 enhances the overall disease resistance of plants by activating the synthesis of endogenous antimicrobial compounds (isoflavonoids and phenylpropanoids) and modulating the rhizosphere microbial community	[79]
豌豆 P. sativum	终极腐霉 Globisporangium ultimum	棘孢木霉ZNW Trichoderma asperellum ZNW	单菌生防：在病原菌的菌丝体上寄生并诱导宿主植物系统性抗性 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain ZNW parasitizes the mycelium of the pathogen and triggers induced systemic resistance in the host plant	[80]
葡萄 Vitis vinifera	小新壳梭孢 Neofusicoccum parvum	枯草芽孢杆菌PTA-271 Bacillus subtilis PTA-271	单菌生防：触发水杨酸和茉莉酸反应基因的表达并且可以解毒真菌毒素(-)-terremutin和(R)-mellein Single-strain biocontrol: the strain PTA-271 not only triggers the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathways in plants, but also degrades the two fungal toxins (-)-terremutin and (R)-mellein	[81]
花生 Arachis hypogaea	齐整小核菌 Sclerotium rolfsii JN3011	哈茨木霉QT20045 Trichoderma harzianum QT20045	单菌生防：T. harzianum QT20045通过菌丝缠绕、寄生及解离等机制直接抑制病原真菌，此外，在病原真菌胁迫下，T. harzianum QT20045还能通过下调果胶酯酶家族基因表达维持花生幼苗细胞壁的稳定，同时上调suppressor of mkk1/mkk2 (AhSUMM2)基因表达来增强植物抗病性 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain QT20045 directly inhibits pathogenic fungi through mechanisms such as hyphal entanglement, parasitism, and lysis. In addition, under pathogenic fungal stress, this strain can maintain the stability of peanut seedling cell walls by downregulating the expression of pectinesterase family genes and upregulating the expression of the AhSUMM2 gene to enhance plant disease resistance	[82]
大豆 Glycine max	大豆疫霉菌 Phytophthora sojae	根内根孢囊霉BGC BJ09 Rhizophagus intraradices BGC BJ09	单菌生防：R. intraradices通过降低大豆植株内H₂O₂增加茉莉酸含量、谷胱甘肽还原酶活性来增强大豆对大豆疫霉的抗性 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain BGC BJ09 enhances soybean resistance to P. sojae by reducing H₂O₂ levels, increasing jasmonic acid content, and elevating glutathione reductase activity in the plants	[83]
大豆 G. max	大豆疫霉菌 P. sojae	珊瑚球菌EGB Corallococcus sp. EGB	单菌生防：Corallococcus sp. EGB分泌一种新型硫胺素酶Ⅰ (thiaminase I, CcThi1)到胞外，从而分解环境中的公共硫胺素，阻断疫霉菌获取硫胺素，进而抑制疫霉菌的生长 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain EGB inhibits the growth of P. sojaevia a thiaminase I CcThi1 secreted into extracellular environment through outer membrane vesicles	[84]
水稻 Oryza sativa	尖孢镰孢菌 Fusarium oxysporum	贝莱斯芽孢杆菌Bv S3 Bacillus velezensis Bv S3	单菌生防：B. velezensis Bv S3的无菌滤液可显著降低尖孢镰孢菌孢子萌发率和菌丝生长，并引起菌丝畸形 Single-strain biocontrol: the sterile filtrate of strain Bv S3 can significantly reduce the spore germination rate and hyphal growth of F. oxysporum, and cause hyphal malformation	[85]
花生 A. hypogaea	F. oxysporum	Pantoea sp., Fictibacillus sp., Enterobacter sp.,Paenibacillus sp.,Sporosarcina sp., Lysinibacillus sp., and Pseudomonas sp.	合成群落：该合成群落由轮作花生根际富集、但在单作花生根际中明显减少的菌株组成。体外实验表明，该群落能够显著抑制F. oxysporum的菌丝生长。进一步将其回补至单作花生中，可恢复植株的抗病能力。其抑菌机制可能与挥发性有机化合物(volatile organic compounds, VOCs)及抗生素类物质的产生有关。例如，在轮作花生根际检测到而在单作根际中未能检出的二甲基硫醚、2,5-二甲基环己酮、6-甲基-3,5-戊二烯-2-酮等VOCs，即使在低浓度下也对病原菌表现出强烈抑制活性 Synthetic community: the synthetic community consists of strains that are enriched in the rhizosphere of rotated peanuts but significantly reduced in the rhizosphere of monoculture peanuts. This community can significantly inhibit the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum, and reintroducing it into monoculture peanuts can restore the plant’s disease resistance. Its antibacterial mechanism may be related to the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and antibiotic-like substances	[86]
马铃薯 Solanum tuberosum	Fusarium spp.	解淀粉类芽孢杆菌B9D10，恶臭假单胞菌B65D14，乙酸钙不动杆菌B9H9，变形斑沙雷氏菌B65H4，放线菌B9H11和枯草芽孢杆菌B65D7 Paenibacillus amylolyticus B9D10, P. putida B65D14, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus B9H9, Serratia proteamaculans B65H4, Actinomycetes sp. B9H11, and B. subtilis B65D7	合成群落：合成群落其他成员菌株促进S. proteamaculans B65H4产生己酸，从而抑制病原真菌分生孢子萌发以及抑制菌丝生长 Synthetic community: the consortium inhibits the pathogenic fungus by promoting S. proteamaculans B65H4 to produce caproic acid, which suppresses conidial germination and hyphal growth	[87]
番茄 S. lycopersicum	R. solanacearum	Pyoluteorin缺陷型的保护假单胞菌Pf-5和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌DMW1 Pyoluteorin-deficient Pseudomonas protegens Pf5 and B. velezensis DMW1	合成群落：敲除P. protegens Pf-5的pyoluteorin合成基因，使其能与B. velezensis DMW1互作共生，共定殖于番茄根系并增强B. velezensis DMW1抗菌代谢物合成，协同保护番茄免受青枯病侵害 Synthetic community: the pyoluteorin-deficient strain Pf-5 can interact with and co-colonize the tomato rhizosphere together with strain DMW1, enhance the synthesis of antibacterial metabolites by strain DMW1, and synergistically protect tomatoes from bacterial wilt	[88]
黄芪 Astragalus membranaceus	F. oxysporum	Stenotrophomonas sp., Rhizobium sp., Ochrobactrum sp., and Advenella sp.	合成群落：Stenotrophomonas sp.直接抑制真菌病原体生长，其他3种细菌则激活植物体内茉莉酸信号通路以及激活诱导系统抗性相关酶活性 Synthetic community: Stenotrophomonas sp. directly inhibits the growth of fungal pathogens, while the other three bacteria activate the jasmonic acid signaling pathway in plants and trigger induced systemic resistance by enhancing the activity of resistance-related enzymes	[89]
小麦 Triticum aestivum	立枯丝核菌 Rhizoctonia solani AG8	14株细菌构建的10个合成群落 Ten synthetic communities constructed from 14 bacterial strains	合成群落：10个群落中的4个合成群落通过产生挥发性物质显著抑制R. solani AG8的生长 Synthetic community: four out of the ten synthetic communities significantly inhibit the growth of R. solani AG8 by producing volatile substances	[90]
西瓜 Citrullus lanatus	F. oxysporum	P. aeruginosa Q6等16株细菌 A synthetic community of 16 bacterial strains, including P. aeruginosa Q6	合成群落：通过微生物协同作用增强抗病性，并且合成群落其他成员能够促进假单胞菌的生物膜形成 Synthetic community: the community enhances disease resistance through microbial synergy, and other members of the synthetic community can promote biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa Q6	[91]
小果野蕉 Musa acuminata	F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense	师岗链霉菌和印度梨形孢 Streptomyces morookaense and Piriformospora indica	微生物跨界互作：S. morookaensis产生次生化合物xerucitrinin A和6-戊基-α-吡喃酮，抑制F. oxysporum的生长并减少其孢子数量，P. indica防止病原菌定殖到根部 Cross-kingdom microbial interactions: S. morookaensis produces secondary compounds, xerucitrinin A and 6-pentyl-α-pyrone, which inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum and reduce its spore production. Meanwhile, P. indica prevents the pathogen from colonizing the roots	[48]
番茄 S. lycopersicum	灰葡萄孢霉 Botrytis cinerea	B. velezensis和异形根孢囊霉 B. velezensis and Rhizophagus irregularis	微生物跨界互作：B. velezensis能沿着R. irregularis真菌菌丝网络迁移并形成生物膜，而AM真菌能调控芽孢杆菌产生表面活性素使二者稳定共存，互作时能激活植物系统抗性以保护番茄免受地上部病害灰葡萄孢霉侵害 Cross-kingdom microbial interactions: B. velezensis can migrate along the hyphal network of R. irregularis and form biofilms, while AM fungi can regulate surfactant production by Bacillus, enabling stable coexistence between the two. During interaction, they can activate plant systemic resistance to protect tomatoes from the above-ground pathogen Botrytis cinerea	[75]
藏红花 Crocus sativus	F. oxysporum	皮尔瑞俄类芽孢杆菌 SR235和云南木霉菌 SR38 Paenibacillus peoriae SR235 and Trichoderma yunnanense SR38	微生物跨界互作：T. yunnanense SR38和P. peoriae SR235共培养发酵液中具有抗病性的有机酸(dl-3-苯乳酸、3-羟基癸酸、(2S)-2-异丙基苹果酸)，其含量比单一SR38或SR235菌株产生的高，从而激活植物免疫系统 Cross-kingdom microbial interactions: the fermentation broth co-cultured with T. yunnanense SR38 and P. peoriae SR235 contains disease-resistant organic acids (dl-3-phenyllactic acid, 3-hydroxydecanoic acid, and (2S)-2-isopropylmalate), which are present in higher amounts than those produced by a single SR38 or SR235 strain, thereby activating the plant’s immune system	[92]
辣椒 C. annuum	P. capsic	B. subtilis QST713 and T. harzianum T-22	微生物跨界互作：T. harzianum T-22和B. subtilis QST713联合处理增加辣椒中抗氧化酶以及酚类化合物含量，增强植物抵抗病原菌能力 Cross-kingdom microbial interactions: the combined treatment with T. harzianum T-22 and B. subtilis QST713 increases the content of antioxidant enzymes and phenolic compounds in peppers, enhancing the plant’s resistance to pathogens	[93]
烟草 Nicotiana tabacum	烟草疫霉菌 Phytophthora nicotianae	B. subtilis Tpb55 and T. asperellum HG1	微生物跨界互作：T. asperellum HG1和B. subtilis Tpb55共培养使T. asperellum HG1产生抗卵菌脂肪族化合物2E,4E-癸二烯酸含量增加，其能抑制多种植物病原菌 Cross-kingdom microbial interactions: co-culturing T. asperellum HG1 and B. subtilis Tpb55 increase the content of the anti-oomycete aliphatic compound 2E,4E-decadienoic acid produced by T. asperellum HG1, which can inhibit a variety of plant pathogens	[94-95]
番茄 S. lycopersicum	F. oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici	74种不同真菌：105种细菌(细菌:真菌的生物量比为4:1) 74 fungal strains: 105 bacterial strains (bacterial:fungal biomass ratio of 4:1)	微生物跨界互作：此跨界合成群落能够激活番茄茉莉酸和水杨酸信号通路，并且富集几丁质酶、木葡聚糖水解酶等在内的51条碳水化合物活性酶(carbohydrate-active enzyme, CAZyme)相关途径 Cross-kingdom microbial interactions: the cross-kingdom synthetic community activates both jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling pathways in tomato and enriches 51 carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme)-related pathways, including those for chitinases and xyloglucan hydrolases	[96]

作物 Crops	病原菌 Pathogens	抗病微生物 Disease-resistant microbes	作用机制和生防方式 Mechanism of action and biological control methods	参考文献 References
辣椒 Capsicum annuum	辣椒疫霉菌 Phytophthora capsici	铜绿假单胞菌Pa608 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pa608	单菌生防：产生的α-蒎烯和3-蒈烯能够抑制辣椒疫霉菌的生长 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain Pa608 inhibits the growth of Phytophthora capsici by producing α-pinene and 3-carene	[49]
油菜 Brassica rapa var. oleifera	核盘菌 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum	苏云金芽孢杆菌4F5 Bacillus thuringiensis 4F5	单菌生防：同时激活水杨酸、乙烯和茉莉酸信号通路，触发油菜的诱导系统抗性 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain activates the salicylic acid, ethylene, and jasmonic acid signaling pathways simultaneously, thereby triggering induced systemic resistance in Brassica rapa var. oleifera	[76]
玉米 Zea mays	禾谷镰孢菌 Fusarium graminearum	解淀粉芽孢杆菌OR2-30 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens OR2-30	单菌生防：产生的脂肽(伊枯草菌素)抑制病原真菌分生孢子的形成和萌发、诱导活性氧的产生并导致菌丝体细胞死亡 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain OR2-30 inhibits the growth of F. graminearum by secreting iturin to suppress conidial formation and germination, inducing the production of reactive oxygen species, and causing mycelial cell death	[77]
番茄 Solanum lycopersicum	茄科罗尔斯通氏菌 Ralstonia solanacearum	恶臭假单胞菌IsoF Pseudomonas putida IsoF	单菌生防：P. putida IsoF借助四型b亚型分泌系统以接触依赖的方式将毒素递送至病原菌内，并入侵现有生物膜，从而保护番茄植株免受病原菌的侵害 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain IsoF utilizes its type IVB secretion system to deliver toxins into pathogens in a contact-dependent manner and invade existing biofilms, thereby protecting tomato plants from pathogenic infection	[78]
蒺藜苜蓿，豌豆 Medicago truncatula, Pisum sativum	根丝丝霉 Aphanomyces euteiches	寡雄腐霉M1 Pythium oligandrum M1	单菌生防：诱导植物体内合成抗菌异黄酮类化合物和苯丙类化合物，并调整根际微生物群落 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain M1 enhances the overall disease resistance of plants by activating the synthesis of endogenous antimicrobial compounds (isoflavonoids and phenylpropanoids) and modulating the rhizosphere microbial community	[79]
豌豆 P. sativum	终极腐霉 Globisporangium ultimum	棘孢木霉ZNW Trichoderma asperellum ZNW	单菌生防：在病原菌的菌丝体上寄生并诱导宿主植物系统性抗性 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain ZNW parasitizes the mycelium of the pathogen and triggers induced systemic resistance in the host plant	[80]
葡萄 Vitis vinifera	小新壳梭孢 Neofusicoccum parvum	枯草芽孢杆菌PTA-271 Bacillus subtilis PTA-271	单菌生防：触发水杨酸和茉莉酸反应基因的表达并且可以解毒真菌毒素(-)-terremutin和(R)-mellein Single-strain biocontrol: the strain PTA-271 not only triggers the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathways in plants, but also degrades the two fungal toxins (-)-terremutin and (R)-mellein	[81]
花生 Arachis hypogaea	齐整小核菌 Sclerotium rolfsii JN3011	哈茨木霉QT20045 Trichoderma harzianum QT20045	单菌生防：T. harzianum QT20045通过菌丝缠绕、寄生及解离等机制直接抑制病原真菌，此外，在病原真菌胁迫下，T. harzianum QT20045还能通过下调果胶酯酶家族基因表达维持花生幼苗细胞壁的稳定，同时上调suppressor of mkk1/mkk2 (AhSUMM2)基因表达来增强植物抗病性 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain QT20045 directly inhibits pathogenic fungi through mechanisms such as hyphal entanglement, parasitism, and lysis. In addition, under pathogenic fungal stress, this strain can maintain the stability of peanut seedling cell walls by downregulating the expression of pectinesterase family genes and upregulating the expression of the AhSUMM2 gene to enhance plant disease resistance	[82]
大豆 Glycine max	大豆疫霉菌 Phytophthora sojae	根内根孢囊霉BGC BJ09 Rhizophagus intraradices BGC BJ09	单菌生防：R. intraradices通过降低大豆植株内H₂O₂增加茉莉酸含量、谷胱甘肽还原酶活性来增强大豆对大豆疫霉的抗性 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain BGC BJ09 enhances soybean resistance to P. sojae by reducing H₂O₂ levels, increasing jasmonic acid content, and elevating glutathione reductase activity in the plants	[83]
大豆 G. max	大豆疫霉菌 P. sojae	珊瑚球菌EGB Corallococcus sp. EGB	单菌生防：Corallococcus sp. EGB分泌一种新型硫胺素酶Ⅰ (thiaminase I, CcThi1)到胞外，从而分解环境中的公共硫胺素，阻断疫霉菌获取硫胺素，进而抑制疫霉菌的生长 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain EGB inhibits the growth of P. sojaevia a thiaminase I CcThi1 secreted into extracellular environment through outer membrane vesicles	[84]
水稻 Oryza sativa	尖孢镰孢菌 Fusarium oxysporum	贝莱斯芽孢杆菌Bv S3 Bacillus velezensis Bv S3	单菌生防：B. velezensis Bv S3的无菌滤液可显著降低尖孢镰孢菌孢子萌发率和菌丝生长，并引起菌丝畸形 Single-strain biocontrol: the sterile filtrate of strain Bv S3 can significantly reduce the spore germination rate and hyphal growth of F. oxysporum, and cause hyphal malformation	[85]
花生 A. hypogaea	F. oxysporum	Pantoea sp., Fictibacillus sp., Enterobacter sp.,Paenibacillus sp.,Sporosarcina sp., Lysinibacillus sp., and Pseudomonas sp.	合成群落：该合成群落由轮作花生根际富集、但在单作花生根际中明显减少的菌株组成。体外实验表明，该群落能够显著抑制F. oxysporum的菌丝生长。进一步将其回补至单作花生中，可恢复植株的抗病能力。其抑菌机制可能与挥发性有机化合物(volatile organic compounds, VOCs)及抗生素类物质的产生有关。例如，在轮作花生根际检测到而在单作根际中未能检出的二甲基硫醚、2,5-二甲基环己酮、6-甲基-3,5-戊二烯-2-酮等VOCs，即使在低浓度下也对病原菌表现出强烈抑制活性 Synthetic community: the synthetic community consists of strains that are enriched in the rhizosphere of rotated peanuts but significantly reduced in the rhizosphere of monoculture peanuts. This community can significantly inhibit the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum, and reintroducing it into monoculture peanuts can restore the plant’s disease resistance. Its antibacterial mechanism may be related to the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and antibiotic-like substances	[86]
马铃薯 Solanum tuberosum	Fusarium spp.	解淀粉类芽孢杆菌B9D10，恶臭假单胞菌B65D14，乙酸钙不动杆菌B9H9，变形斑沙雷氏菌B65H4，放线菌B9H11和枯草芽孢杆菌B65D7 Paenibacillus amylolyticus B9D10, P. putida B65D14, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus B9H9, Serratia proteamaculans B65H4, Actinomycetes sp. B9H11, and B. subtilis B65D7	合成群落：合成群落其他成员菌株促进S. proteamaculans B65H4产生己酸，从而抑制病原真菌分生孢子萌发以及抑制菌丝生长 Synthetic community: the consortium inhibits the pathogenic fungus by promoting S. proteamaculans B65H4 to produce caproic acid, which suppresses conidial germination and hyphal growth	[87]
番茄 S. lycopersicum	R. solanacearum	Pyoluteorin缺陷型的保护假单胞菌Pf-5和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌DMW1 Pyoluteorin-deficient Pseudomonas protegens Pf5 and B. velezensis DMW1	合成群落：敲除P. protegens Pf-5的pyoluteorin合成基因，使其能与B. velezensis DMW1互作共生，共定殖于番茄根系并增强B. velezensis DMW1抗菌代谢物合成，协同保护番茄免受青枯病侵害 Synthetic community: the pyoluteorin-deficient strain Pf-5 can interact with and co-colonize the tomato rhizosphere together with strain DMW1, enhance the synthesis of antibacterial metabolites by strain DMW1, and synergistically protect tomatoes from bacterial wilt	[88]
黄芪 Astragalus membranaceus	F. oxysporum	Stenotrophomonas sp., Rhizobium sp., Ochrobactrum sp., and Advenella sp.	合成群落：Stenotrophomonas sp.直接抑制真菌病原体生长，其他3种细菌则激活植物体内茉莉酸信号通路以及激活诱导系统抗性相关酶活性 Synthetic community: Stenotrophomonas sp. directly inhibits the growth of fungal pathogens, while the other three bacteria activate the jasmonic acid signaling pathway in plants and trigger induced systemic resistance by enhancing the activity of resistance-related enzymes	[89]
小麦 Triticum aestivum	立枯丝核菌 Rhizoctonia solani AG8	14株细菌构建的10个合成群落 Ten synthetic communities constructed from 14 bacterial strains	合成群落：10个群落中的4个合成群落通过产生挥发性物质显著抑制R. solani AG8的生长 Synthetic community: four out of the ten synthetic communities significantly inhibit the growth of R. solani AG8 by producing volatile substances	[90]
西瓜 Citrullus lanatus	F. oxysporum	P. aeruginosa Q6等16株细菌 A synthetic community of 16 bacterial strains, including P. aeruginosa Q6	合成群落：通过微生物协同作用增强抗病性，并且合成群落其他成员能够促进假单胞菌的生物膜形成 Synthetic community: the community enhances disease resistance through microbial synergy, and other members of the synthetic community can promote biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa Q6	[91]
小果野蕉 Musa acuminata	F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense	师岗链霉菌和印度梨形孢 Streptomyces morookaense and Piriformospora indica	微生物跨界互作：S. morookaensis产生次生化合物xerucitrinin A和6-戊基-α-吡喃酮，抑制F. oxysporum的生长并减少其孢子数量，P. indica防止病原菌定殖到根部 Cross-kingdom microbial interactions: S. morookaensis produces secondary compounds, xerucitrinin A and 6-pentyl-α-pyrone, which inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum and reduce its spore production. Meanwhile, P. indica prevents the pathogen from colonizing the roots	[48]
番茄 S. lycopersicum	灰葡萄孢霉 Botrytis cinerea	B. velezensis和异形根孢囊霉 B. velezensis and Rhizophagus irregularis	微生物跨界互作：B. velezensis能沿着R. irregularis真菌菌丝网络迁移并形成生物膜，而AM真菌能调控芽孢杆菌产生表面活性素使二者稳定共存，互作时能激活植物系统抗性以保护番茄免受地上部病害灰葡萄孢霉侵害 Cross-kingdom microbial interactions: B. velezensis can migrate along the hyphal network of R. irregularis and form biofilms, while AM fungi can regulate surfactant production by Bacillus, enabling stable coexistence between the two. During interaction, they can activate plant systemic resistance to protect tomatoes from the above-ground pathogen Botrytis cinerea	[75]
藏红花 Crocus sativus	F. oxysporum	皮尔瑞俄类芽孢杆菌 SR235和云南木霉菌 SR38 Paenibacillus peoriae SR235 and Trichoderma yunnanense SR38	微生物跨界互作：T. yunnanense SR38和P. peoriae SR235共培养发酵液中具有抗病性的有机酸(dl-3-苯乳酸、3-羟基癸酸、(2S)-2-异丙基苹果酸)，其含量比单一SR38或SR235菌株产生的高，从而激活植物免疫系统 Cross-kingdom microbial interactions: the fermentation broth co-cultured with T. yunnanense SR38 and P. peoriae SR235 contains disease-resistant organic acids (dl-3-phenyllactic acid, 3-hydroxydecanoic acid, and (2S)-2-isopropylmalate), which are present in higher amounts than those produced by a single SR38 or SR235 strain, thereby activating the plant’s immune system	[92]
辣椒 C. annuum	P. capsic	B. subtilis QST713 and T. harzianum T-22	微生物跨界互作：T. harzianum T-22和B. subtilis QST713联合处理增加辣椒中抗氧化酶以及酚类化合物含量，增强植物抵抗病原菌能力 Cross-kingdom microbial interactions: the combined treatment with T. harzianum T-22 and B. subtilis QST713 increases the content of antioxidant enzymes and phenolic compounds in peppers, enhancing the plant’s resistance to pathogens	[93]
烟草 Nicotiana tabacum	烟草疫霉菌 Phytophthora nicotianae	B. subtilis Tpb55 and T. asperellum HG1	微生物跨界互作：T. asperellum HG1和B. subtilis Tpb55共培养使T. asperellum HG1产生抗卵菌脂肪族化合物2E,4E-癸二烯酸含量增加，其能抑制多种植物病原菌 Cross-kingdom microbial interactions: co-culturing T. asperellum HG1 and B. subtilis Tpb55 increase the content of the anti-oomycete aliphatic compound 2E,4E-decadienoic acid produced by T. asperellum HG1, which can inhibit a variety of plant pathogens	[94-95]
番茄 S. lycopersicum	F. oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici	74种不同真菌：105种细菌(细菌:真菌的生物量比为4:1) 74 fungal strains: 105 bacterial strains (bacterial:fungal biomass ratio of 4:1)	微生物跨界互作：此跨界合成群落能够激活番茄茉莉酸和水杨酸信号通路，并且富集几丁质酶、木葡聚糖水解酶等在内的51条碳水化合物活性酶(carbohydrate-active enzyme, CAZyme)相关途径 Cross-kingdom microbial interactions: the cross-kingdom synthetic community activates both jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling pathways in tomato and enriches 51 carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme)-related pathways, including those for chitinases and xyloglucan hydrolases	[96]

基于根际微生物的作物土传病害绿色防治研究进展

PDF下载

潘胜凤 ¹^,² , 冯曾威 ² , 姚青 ³ , 杨恩 ¹ , 周杨 ² , 朱红惠 ²

微生物学报 | 综述 2026,66(2): 495-515

收起

微生物学报 | 综述 2026, 66(2): 495-515

基于根际微生物的作物土传病害绿色防治研究进展

全屏

潘胜凤¹^,², 冯曾威², 姚青³, 杨恩¹, 周杨², 朱红惠²

作者信息

^1.昆明理工大学生命科学与技术学院，云南昆明

^2.广东省科学院微生物研究所，华南应用微生物国家重点实验室，农业农村部农业微生物组学与精准应用重点实验室，农业农村部农业微生物组学重点实验室，广东省菌种保藏与应用重点实验室，广东广州

^3.华南农业大学园艺学院，广东省微生物信号与病害防治重点实验室，广东广州

Green control of soil-borne crop diseases: advances in rhizosphere microbe research

Shengfeng PAN¹^,², Zengwei FENG², Qing YAO³, En YANG¹, Yang ZHOU², Honghui ZHU²

Affiliations

^1.Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China

^2.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

^3.Guangdong Key Laboratory of Microbial Signaling and Disease Control Laboratory, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

出版时间: 2026-02-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250591

文章导航

摘要

收起

土传病害是当前制约作物生产、危害食品安全的主要病害类型。根际微生物组作为“植物的第二基因组”，在防治作物土传病害方面展现出巨大潜力。利用根际微生物防治土传病害具有绿色、高效、普适性等优势，已成为当前根际微生物领域的研究热点。本文首先介绍了根际微生物及其在防治作物土传病害方面的潜力；随后结合最新研究成果，系统总结了微生物防治土传病害的7种机制，并将其归纳为以下3种途径：(1) 微生物-病原菌的直接互作；(2) 微生物-作物的直接和间接互作；(3) 微生物-微生物的间接互作。此外，本文综述了当前根际微生物在防治作物土传病害中的应用情况。最后，分析了利用根际微生物防治土传病害面临的研究难点，并探讨了未来可能的解决路径，以期为推动土传病害的绿色防控提供参考。

关键词

根际微生物 / 土传病害 / 抗病机制 / 多组学

Abstract

收起

Soil-borne diseases are currently the most significant type of plant disease restricting crop production and threatening food safety. The rhizosphere microbiome, often regarded as the “second genome of plants”, has shown considerable potential in controlling soil-borne crop diseases. The use of rhizosphere microbes to control soil-borne diseases offers many advantages, such as being environmentally friendly, efficient, and broadly applicable, which makes it a hot topic in rhizosphere microbe research. In this review, we first introduced rhizosphere microbes and their potential for controlling soil-borne crop diseases. Subsequently, by integrating the latest research advances, we systematically summarized seven mechanisms of microbial control against soil-borne diseases and categorized them into three pathways: (1) direct interactions between microbes and pathogens; (2) direct and indirect interactions between microbes and plants; (3) indirect interactions among microbes. Furthermore, we reviewed the current applications of the rhizosphere microbes in controlling soil-borne crop diseases. Finally, we analyzed the key research challenges in using rhizosphere microbes for soil-borne disease control and discussed potential solutions, aiming to provide references for advancing the green control of soil-borne diseases.

Key words

rhizosphere microbe / soil-borne disease / mechanism of disease resistance / multi-omics

引用本文

潘胜凤, 冯曾威, 姚青, 杨恩, 周杨, 朱红惠. 基于根际微生物的作物土传病害绿色防治研究进展. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (2) : 495 -515 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250591

Shengfeng PAN, Zengwei FENG, Qing YAO, En YANG, Yang ZHOU, Honghui ZHU. Green control of soil-borne crop diseases: advances in rhizosphere microbe research[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (2) : 495 -515 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250591

正文

收起

据估计，全球人口将于21世纪80年代中期达到约103亿的峰值^[1]。要养活如此庞大的人口群体，预计到2050年世界粮食总产量需在2010年的基础上增长35%-56%^[2]。作物产量易受多种生物和非生物因素影响，如干旱^[3]、高温^[4]、土壤酸化^[5]、铝毒^[6]等非生物胁迫，以及病害^[7]、虫害^[8]等生物胁迫。据统计，全球因作物病害导致的农作物产量损失超过30%，经济损失高达数千亿美元，其中土传病害的危害尤为突出^[9]。为有效防控作物病害、减少粮食产量损失，寻找高效的病害防治技术一直是农业发展中亟待解决的难题。传统土传病害防治主要依赖化学和物理方法。值得注意的是，化学方法虽直接、有效，但通常会杀灭土壤中其他有益微生物类群、破坏土壤生态系统平衡，长期使用还会导致病原菌产生耐药性；此外，化学农药极易在土壤和作物中残留，不仅污染环境，还会引发食品安全问题，最终危害人类健康^[10]。物理方法如日晒，通常见效较慢且效果受气候条件制约，土壤蒸汽灭菌则存在田间实施难度大、成本较高等问题^[11]。从长远角度和综合成本考虑，化学和物理方法存在一定局限性。因此，探索绿色、高效、适用性广的病害防治技术十分必要，也符合现代农业高质量发展的需求。

在农业土壤生态系统中，尤其是作物根际区域栖息着种类繁多、功能各异的微生物类群。尽管土壤中存在部分可能引发作物病害的病原菌，但大量研究表明有益根际微生物在作物绿色防控中具有高效性和功能多样性。这些根际微生物能通过固氮^[12]、解磷^[13]、解钾^[14]、产铁载体^[15]以及分泌吲哚-3-乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)^[16]等机制促进作物生长从而增强作物抗病性。此外，根际微生物还能通过直接分泌抗菌类物质抑制病原菌生长^[17]或激活植物免疫系统^[18]等机制提高作物的抗病能力。这些研究为利用根际微生物缓解作物土传病害提供了重要策略。

近些年，随着高通量测序和多组学技术的发展，根际微生物的物种多样性和功能潜力得到更系统的认识。越来越多的研究已从根际微生物群落水平深入到抗病机制层面，这也揭示了根际微生物在作物土传病害绿色防控中的巨大潜力。因此，本综述旨在系统总结根际微生物在作物土传病害绿色防治中的最新研究进展，梳理根际微生物防治土传病害的主要机制以及利用根际微生物技术防治土传病害的现状，为利用微生物防治作物土传病害提供理论参考。

1 根际微生物及其在作物土传病害的防治潜力

收起

根际是指从植物根系表面至周围数毫米范围内的土壤所形成的微域环境。受植物根系分泌物的影响，栖息在根际环境的微生物(即根际微生物，包括细菌、真菌、病毒等类群)极为活跃，还能通过一系列次级代谢产物反向调控宿主植物的生长发育^[19-20]。大量证据证实，根际微生物在宿主植物的整个生育周期中都发挥着重要作用^[21]。因此，根际微生物组也被认为是“植物的第二基因组”，受到广泛关注^[22]。

在农业生产中作物病害普遍发生，常见的病害主要有土传病害^[23]、气传病害^[24]、种传病害^[25]和虫传病害^[8]等，其中土传病害是农业生产中最常遇到、也是最被关注的一类作物病害。常见的土传病害包括番茄青枯病^[26-27]、黄瓜枯萎病^[28]、马铃薯疮痂病^[29]、水稻纹枯病^[30]等。例如，青枯病是由茄科罗尔斯通氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum，以下简称“青枯菌”)引起的土传细菌性病害，可侵染54个科超过450种植物且寄主范围持续扩大，其中茄科作物(番茄、辣椒、马铃薯等)受害最为严重，在马铃薯重发区产量损失可高达100%^[7,31]。枯萎病是由镰孢菌属(Fusarium)引起的土传真菌性病害，能致使150多种作物感染枯萎病，其中尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)能分化为120多种特殊形式，每种都有独一无二的寄主植物^[32]。越来越多的证据表明，根际微生物能通过多种机制直接或间接地提高作物的抗病性^[27,33-34]。例如，接种链霉菌(Streptomyces sp.) NEAU-383的孢子悬浮液和发酵提取物能显著防治番茄青枯病，防治效率分别为85.2%和95.1%^[27]。最新研究发现，12株Streptomyces细菌分别与100株细菌构成的合成群落联合处理防治番茄青枯病，平均生防效率从单独使用时的48.73%提升至70.56%^[34]。可见，根际微生物对作物病害的防效显著，因此深入研究其作用机制对于从不同角度提高作物抗病性至关重要。

2 根际微生物防治作物土传病害的主要机制

收起

当作物遭受土传病原菌侵害时，根际微生物可通过多种机制帮助作物抵御病害。总体而言，根际微生物抵御作物土传病害的机制有7种，可归纳为3个途径：(1) 微生物-病原菌的直接互作(与病原菌竞争生态空间和养分、合成和分泌抗菌类物质)；(2) 微生物-作物的直接和间接互作(激活作物的免疫系统、促进作物养分吸收、提高作物非生物胁迫抗性)；(3) 微生物-微生物的间接互作(抑制病原菌辅助菌的生长、促进抗病菌株的抗病能力) (图1)。早期研究主要集中在微生物-病原菌的直接互作方面，主要是微生物通过与病原菌竞争生态空间和养分，或合成和分泌抗菌物质来直接抑制病原菌的生长。随着研究深入，微生物-作物的互作机制逐渐被揭示，根际微生物能够通过激活作物的免疫系统、促进养分吸收、提高作物非生物胁迫抗性来增强作物的抗病性。近年来，随着测序技术的发展和培养组学的兴起，微生物-微生物的间接互作研究也取得了新进展：一方面，根际微生物通过抑制病原菌辅助菌间接削弱病原菌的生长；另一方面，根际微生物通过促进抗病菌株的抗病能力来增强对病害的防控效果。尽管这3个途径的作用对象不同，但在根际微生物实际抗病过程中上述3种途径可能共同发挥作用。

2.1 微生物与病原菌的直接互作

2.1.1 与病原菌竞争生态空间和养分

作物根际生态位中的空间资源有限，因此具有重叠生态位的微生物之间对生存空间的竞争极为激烈。一些根际微生物凭借其较强的趋化性和运动能力能够快速占据根际生态位空间，阻碍病原菌附着于作物根系，从而达到防治病害的目的^[35-37]。例如，密旋链霉菌(Streptomyces pactum) Act12可以增强韩国假单胞菌(Pseudomonas koreensis) GS的运动性和趋化性，使其快速定殖在番茄根际^[36]。与青枯菌具有生态位重叠的细菌能够降低病原菌成功入侵番茄根际的概率，进而降低盆栽试验中番茄青枯病的发病率^[38]。与肠道微生物通过营养阻断保护宿主免受病原体入侵类似，根际微生物组可通过竞争养分阻断病原菌入侵植物根系，尤其是在多种资源共存的环境中，若某一资源被耗尽，具有“快速切换”能力的微生物可通过迅速利用第二种资源获得竞争优势^[39-40]。例如，稀缺的铁元素是微生物间竞争的关键资源之一，有益微生物通过分泌不能被病原菌吸收的铁载体获取土壤中的Fe³⁺，而病原菌难以获取铁元素，其生长因此受到抑制^[41]。研究发现油菜假单胞菌(Pseudomonas brassicacearum) R401能通过分泌铁载体限制青枯菌吸收铁元素，从而抑制青枯菌生长^[42]。总之，根际土壤中的养分有限，若要利用营养阻断的方式抑制病原菌，需要准确确定特定病原菌与根际微生物的代谢需求和营养需求。由于涉及多个微生物之间的互作，该研究具有很大挑战性。

2.1.2 合成和分泌抗菌类物质

根际微生物通常通过合成和分泌抗菌类物质直接抑制病原菌生长来达到防治作物病害的作用。根际微生物在代谢活动中分泌的抗菌类物质主要有脂肽(如表面活性素、多黏菌素)^[17,43]、抗生素(如聚酮类抗生素、吩噁嗪类抗生素)^[44-45]、裂解酶(如几丁质酶、纤维素酶)^[44,46-47]、挥发性有机物(如6-戊基-α-吡喃酮、α-蒎烯、3-蒈烯等)^[48-49]等。例如，对2个抗青枯病和黑胫病能力存在差异的烟草品种进行根际微生物组的宏基因组分析时发现，抗病品种根际微生物组中氢氰酸合成酶、绿脓菌素生物合成以及arthrofactin型环脂肽合成酶等生防功能相关基因的丰度更高^[50]。此外，宏基因组与代谢组联合分析表明，在烟草短期连作条件下，根际中镰孢菌属的类群富集会导致土壤中生物碱含量显著上升，而生物碱已被广泛证实具有抗菌活性^[51]。最近研究发现，解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) TG1-2的培养滤液及其产生的表面活性素能够在RNA和蛋白质水平上均下调大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)的NatA复合物(N-terminal acetyltransferase A complexes, NatA)的2个亚基VdArd1和VdNat1的表达，抑制该复合物的积累，进而削弱热激蛋白83 (heat shock protein 83, Hsp83)分子伴侣的乙酰化水平，致使Hsp83-Sti1-Hsp70共伴侣复合物解离，最终导致蛋白质泛素化降解和真菌凋亡，有效抑制病原菌的生长^[52]。总之，根际微生物产生的抗菌类物质可同时防治多种病原菌，而同一病原菌也可受多种抗菌物质抑制，可见根际微生物防治作物病害兼具高效性和广谱性的特点。

2.2 微生物与作物的直接和间接互作

2.2.1 激活作物的免疫系统

为了抵御病原菌产生的负面影响，植物自身会启动一系列免疫反应。植物主要通过激活获得性系统抗性(systemic acquired resistance, SAR)和诱导系统抗性(induced systemic resistance, ISR) 2种途径来启动免疫反应。其中，SAR由病原菌触发，必需信号分子是水杨酸(salicylic acid, SA)；ISR则由有益根际微生物诱导，通常被认为依赖于茉莉酸(jasmonic acid, JA)或乙烯(ethylene, ET)信号通路，但越来越多的证据表明，一些ISR也依赖于SA信号通路的参与^[53]。例如，P. brassicacearum NA13不仅能直接抑制病原菌尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans)，还能通过调控ET、JA和SA信号通路关键基因的表达增强白菜对枯萎病的系统抗性，如ET信号通路的关键调控因子组成型三重反应基因(constitutive triple response 1, CTR1)表达显著下降，与增强防御反应相关的病程相关蛋白1 (pathogenesis-related protein 1, PR1)和病程相关蛋白4 (pathogenesis-related protein 4, PR4)基因显著上调^[18]。类似地，小麦水培试验同样证实，接种固氮鞘氨醇单胞菌(Sphingomonas azotifigens)和沙漠糖芽孢杆菌(Rhizobium deserti)能通过特异性上调JA信号通路以及SA信号通路相关基因的表达，如与转录激活因子髓细胞组织增生蛋白2 (myelocytomatosis oncogenes 2, MYC2)相关以及与PR1相关的基因表达显著上调，激活黄瓜花叶病毒侵染小麦的诱导性系统抗性^[54]。此外，根际微生物还能通过影响植物的代谢通路来增强抗病性。例如，转录组和非靶向代谢组分析发现，巨大普里斯特氏菌(Priestia megaterium) JR48能产生苯丙酮酸增强植物的苯丙氨酸代谢，并协同SA信号激活植物过氧化物酶基因表达，催化单木质醇聚合为木质素多聚体的H、G、S亚基，从而通过增加木质素含量提高植物对辣椒疫霉的抗性^[55]。一项针对玉米茎基腐病抗感品种的多组学分析(16S rRNA基因/ITS扩增子、宏基因组、基因组、转录组及非靶向代谢组)发现，部分芽孢杆菌虽不能直接抑制禾谷镰孢菌(Fusarium graminearum)生长，却可通过特异性上调萜烯合酶6 (terpene synthase 6, TPS6)与酪氨酸脱羧酶1 (tyrosine decarboxylase 1, TYDC1)基因的表达，激活玉米体内的倍半萜、异喹啉生物碱和甜菜碱等合成途径；代谢组分析进一步证实，该类芽孢杆菌通过促进玉米内源小檗碱(一种天然异喹啉生物碱)的合成，从而提升玉米对茎基腐病的抗性^[56]。在已报道的微生物抗病机制中激活植物的免疫系统与合成和分泌抗菌类物质是目前最常报道的2种机制。

2.2.2 根际微生物促进作物养分吸收

除了激活作物免疫系统外，促进作物养分吸收也是提高作物抗病性的关键环节。适宜的养分水平是作物构建有效防御体系的基础^[57-58]。例如，在大豆中不同形态的磷通过促进磷的周转驱动大豆根际微生物组成发生变化，进而通过免疫激活、胼胝质沉积等机制增强大豆对尖孢镰孢菌的防御能力^[59]。

植物生长必需的营养元素有17种。此外，一些元素(如硒、硅、铝)虽非必需元素，但对植物生长具有显著益处。在农业生产中，土壤缺乏植物可利用态养分是最为普遍的现象，这也是影响作物产量以及作物病害发生率的主要因素之一。一些根际微生物类群能够通过直接增加土壤可利用态养分含量，或间接改善植物根系构型，增强作物对养分的吸收能力，涉及的养分包括氮^[12,60]、磷^[13]、钾^[14,61]等大量元素，铁^[15]、锰^[62]、锌^[63]等微量元素，以及硒^[64]等有益元素。例如，草酸杆菌科(Oxalobacteraceae)的细菌会在玉米根际土壤中大量富集，通过调节玉米侧根发育增加其地上部植株的氮含量^[60]。此外，以γ-变形菌(Gammaproteobacteria)为主的固氮细菌定殖于玉米茎木质部并进行固氮作用，同样能显著增加玉米植株的氮积累量^[12]。在磷吸收方面，恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida) MTCC 5279通过分泌以葡萄糖酸为主的有机酸溶解难溶性无机磷酸盐，并上调玉米根系中磷转运蛋白基因的表达，从而显著增强玉米根系和地上部植株的磷积累量^[13]。在铁吸收方面，Pseudomonas sp. 1502IPR-01能分泌铁载体pyoverdine螯合土壤中不溶性的Fe³⁺，从而显著增加花生幼叶和根际的活性铁含量^[15]。总之，根际微生物主要通过提高土壤养分的有效性、重塑根系构型以及调控根系养分转运相关基因的表达来增强植物对养分的吸收，这也间接强化了植物对病原菌的抵抗能力。

2.2.3 根际微生物提高作物非生物胁迫抗性

非生物胁迫不仅会挑战作物的生存耐受性，还会影响其对病害的易感性。健康状况良好的作物能够有效抵御胁迫，并抑制病原菌侵染；反之，易感作物在胁迫环境下其抗病能力会大幅削弱，从而为病原菌的入侵与致病创造有利条件^[65]。因此，提高作物对非生物胁迫的抗性已成为增强其整体抗病能力的有效途径。

干旱、高温、土壤酸化和铝毒等是农业生产中常见的非生物胁迫，尤其是在华南地区。研究证实，根际微生物通过产生有机酸(如脯氨酸、草酸、苹果酸、苯甲酸)^[6]、胞外多糖(如海藻糖)等渗透保护剂^[66]、植物激素(如生长素、赤霉素)^[67]提高土壤pH^[68]，诱导作物产生抗氧化剂(如过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶等酶促成分以及核黄素、抗坏血酸等非酶促成分)^[68]，调控相关基因的表达^[4]等途径增强作物对非生物胁迫环境的抗性。例如，在干旱胁迫下，贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis) GH1-13通过激活水稻中的JA信号通路来上调活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)清除基因(如抗坏血酸过氧化物酶基因(ascorbate peroxidase, OsAPX)和过氧化氢酶基因(catalase, OsCAT)等)的表达，降低水稻中ROS的积累从而增强其抗旱性^[3]。高温胁迫下，接种变形球囊霉(Diversispora versiformis)能上调黄瓜中大多数热休克蛋白基因(heat shock protein 70 gene, CsHsp70s)和质膜内在蛋白基因(plasma membrane intrinsic proteins gene, CsPIPs)的表达，阻止蛋白质聚集和折叠并提高水的跨膜运输能力，保护黄瓜细胞免受热休克的影响^[4]。当遭受铝胁迫时，根内根孢囊霉(Rhizophagus intraradices，原名Glomus intraradices)等3株丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizae, AM)真菌通过与蓖麻共生增加蓖麻根系分泌苯丙素、聚酮、有机酸等物质的含量，其中苯丙素类物质可清除ROS减轻氧化损伤，柠檬酸等有机酸可螯合根际中的Al³⁺形成稳定复合物，减少植物根系对Al³⁺的吸收，从而缓解铝胁迫对植物的毒害^[6]。此外，红城红球菌(Rhodococcus erythropolis)与铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)构建的合成群落通过提高水稻根系过氧化物酶活性、增加铝转运蛋白基因(aluminum transporter 1, NRAT1)的表达以及提高水稻根际pH来抵抗酸性铝毒胁迫；此外，该菌群通过富集根际解磷细菌加速有机磷矿化，其中R. erythropolis在铝胁迫下形成由聚磷酸盐(polyphosphate, polyP)组成的寡体，该结构参与磷的储存、pH稳态、渗透调节以及营养胁迫条件下的应激反应，进一步缓解由土壤低pH导致的有效磷缺乏问题^[68]。早期研究也表明，接种根内根孢囊霉BGC JX04B可通过诱导番茄根系中磷酸盐转运蛋白基因(如phosphate transporter 1-5, SlPT1-5)的表达，增加低pH条件下番茄地上部的磷含量和磷吸收总量^[5]，同时激活作物抗氧化防御系统和相关基因表达来协助作物抵御胁迫的危害。

2.3 微生物与微生物的间接互作

2.3.1 抑制病原菌辅助菌的生长

一些微生物能与植物病原菌互作从而增强其致病性，此类微生物被定义为病原菌辅助菌。例如，Li等^[69]从分离的160株细菌中发现，有50.6%能显著促进青枯菌生长，其中突尼斯叶杆菌(Phyllobacteriumifriqiyense) LM1和副氧化微杆菌(Microbacteriumparaoxydans) LM2在体内、体外试验中均增加了青枯菌数量，且体内试验中增加量高达946.7%，还使番茄青枯病发病程度至少增加62.5%。此外，芽孢杆菌也可能作为辅助菌促进青枯菌生长，这与之前的研究结果截然相反^[41]。利用这一特性，根际微生物能通过抑制病原菌辅助菌间接降低病原菌对作物的危害。例如，根际细菌通过间接抑制青枯菌辅助菌P. ifriqiyense LM1和M. paraoxydans LM2来降低青枯菌密度，进而降低番茄青枯病发病率^[69]。这种间接抑制机制可能源于病原菌辅助菌产生的代谢物和铁载体，这些物质能被病原菌利用从而促进其生长^[41,70-72]。例如，定殖于小麦种子内部的可遗传微生物在种子发芽后会迁移至新生根际，成为根际微生物群落的一部分(即种子传播的根际微生物组)，这些微生物能产生葡萄糖、果糖、烟酸和核黄素等物质供土壤中的特定共生细菌利用，避免与其他细菌竞争养分而增强共生细菌的生长能力^[72]。同样地，芽孢杆菌属的菌株产生的促进性铁载体能被青枯菌利用，提高青枯菌吸收土壤中铁素的能力，使番茄植株根际青枯菌数量和病情指数增加^[41]。目前已知的病原菌辅助菌相对较少，关于这些类群促进病原菌生长的机制研究得还不够透彻。因此通过阻断病原菌辅助菌与病原菌之间的作用途径抑制作物病害这种方式还存在较大难度，仍需深入研究。

2.3.2 促进抗病菌株的抗病能力

在微生物-微生物的互作中根际微生物不仅能抑制病原菌辅助菌的生长，还可通过强化抗病微生物的抗病能力来提高其生防效果。其核心机制在于：一种微生物可为另一种抗病微生物提供增殖所需的关键因子^[73]，或刺激其产生抑制病原菌的抗菌类物质^[34,74]；此外，还可促进抗病微生物定殖于作物根际^[75]。例如，P. putida H3产生的琥珀酸能促进难培养抗病细菌尼尔菌(Niallia sp.) RD1的生长，两者在根际互作时通过增加Niallia sp. RD1的丰度提高番茄抗青枯病能力^[73]。产酶溶杆菌(Lysobacter enzymogenes) OH11通过其IVA型分泌系统分泌效应蛋白Le1519，该蛋白与保护假单胞菌(Pseudomonas protegens) Pf-5中抗真菌抗生素2,4-二乙酰基藤黄酚(2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, 2,4-DAPG)生物合成途径的特异性转录阻遏物PhlF结合，从而激活菌株P. protegens Pf-5产生2,4-DAPG^[74]。异形根孢囊霉(Rhizophagus irregularis)可使B. velezensis沿着菌丝网络迁移，有助于其在番茄根际定殖^[75]，从而保护番茄免受灰霉病侵害。总之，微生物-微生物的互作能通过多种机制增强有益根际微生物抗土传病害的能力，但目前鲜有研究报道根际微生物间相互作用的具体机制。

3 根际微生物防治作物土传病害的现状

收起

利用根际微生物防治作物病害的方式主要有3种(表1)：(1) 单一抗病菌株的生物防治；(2) 人工合成微生物群落的生物防治；(3) 真菌-细菌跨界互作的生物防治。早期研究主要集中在利用单一菌株的高效抗病特性来控制作物病害，但随着研究发现单一抗病菌株应用存在局限性，因此人工构建合成群落和细菌-真菌跨界互作逐渐成为防治作物病害的方式。

3.1 单一抗病菌株的生物防治

在农业生产中，单一抗病菌株通常因其对作物病害具有高效防治作用而被广泛应用，其中芽孢杆菌属^[97]、木霉菌属(Trichoderma)^[98]是已被商业化的细菌和真菌类群。利用单一抗病菌株防治土传病害的研究早在20世纪50年代就已有初步进展。早在1955年，Dunleavy^[99]发现一株枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)能够有效防治甜菜腐烂病。此后，越来越多的研究人员开始研究单一抗病菌株防治作物土传病害的效果，大量研究证实单独使用某些细菌或真菌可以有效防治病害^[76-80,100]。例如，从159株菌中筛选出的B. amyloliquefaciens OR2-30通过产生伊枯草菌素抑制禾谷镰孢菌分生孢子的形成和萌发，诱导禾谷镰孢菌产生ROS，缩短玉米茎腐病的病斑长度^[77]。然而，单一菌株的抗病效果大多是在可控的实验室条件下验证的，无法真实反映田间应用情况，抗病效果不可预测和重复^[101]。田间土壤生态环境极其复杂，种植温度^[81]、土壤类型^[102]、作物品种^[103-104]、土著微生物^[105]等因素限制单一菌株在作物根际定殖和生长，难以发挥菌株的最佳抗病性能。例如，B. subtilis PTA-271可以减轻葡萄球菌枯死病，但其发挥作用的温度仅在28 ℃；此外，B. subtilis PTA-271在沙质土壤中定殖和存活能力随接种时间延长而降低^[81,102]。基于以上原因，现在大多数微生物防治技术研究已从单一菌株研究转移到合成微生物群落研究中。

3.2 人工合成群落的生物防治

由于天然微生物群落过于复杂导致研究极其困难。因此Großkopf等^[106]提出了构建合成微生物群落模型，即2种及以上能共存且具有互补功能的抗病促生微生物构建得到的人工微生物群落，其构建策略主要有2种：“自上而下” (施加外部压力驯化筛选关键菌)和“自下而上” (代谢模型预测最优组合并验证)^[107]。随着对合成群落的深入研究发现，合成群落能很好地适应环境变化，其功能稳定、抗病效果比单一菌株更好。例如，由3株芽孢杆菌组成的合成群落能够干扰真菌细胞增殖、霉菌毒素生物合成，并且上调JA信号标记基因LOX2-3和LOX4的表达，使JA含量显著增加，其降低花生病害的效果比其中任一种芽孢杆菌都好^[108]。合成群落的抗病效果并非由其菌株数量单一决定，而是高度依赖于菌株间的最佳组合；此外，在高效抗病的合成群落中任一关键菌株缺失都可能削弱合成群落的抗病功能^[87,109]。由P. putida等5种细菌与变形斑沙雷氏菌(Serratia proteamaculans) 65H4互作使其产生己酸显著降低马铃薯枯萎病病情指数，但单一菌株或缺失S. proteamaculans 65H4的合成群落单独作用却对马铃薯的抗病效果不佳；另外，其他大型合成群落(大于6种细菌)的抗病效果反而低于这个组合^[87]。人工构建合成群落对于菌株的选择具有挑战性，但由于大多数合成群落对作物的效果和稳定性比其中单一成员好，构建可重复的复杂合成群落研究依然是生物防治方式的主要突破口。

3.3 真菌-细菌跨界互作的生物防治

真菌-细菌跨界互作在土壤环境中普遍存在，作为一种特殊的合成群落，其在抑制作物病害方面比单独的真菌或细菌合成群落更有效。早期研究主要关注其促进作物吸收养分方面，尤其是AM真菌与根际细菌的互作。例如，用环状尼尔菌(Niallia circulans) YRNF1与幼套近明球囊霉(Claroideoglomus etunicatum)和R. intraradices共同处理茄子提高了叶片总氮、磷、钾含量^[110]。德沃斯氏菌(Devosia sp.) ZB163与R. irregularis MUCL43194联合处理夏枯草时验证了同样的结果，而且还增强了AM真菌对根系的侵染^[111]。近年来，真菌-细菌跨界互作防治作物病害的效果及作用机制开始被陆续报道。目前研究多集中于木霉菌、AM真菌和芽孢杆菌之间的互作，而针对其他菌之间相互作用的研究则相对有限^[75,92-93]。在田间试验中，在移植前1周预先用印度梨形孢(Piriformospora indica)处理土壤，同时用师岗链霉菌(Streptomyces morookaense)处理香蕉幼苗，之后将幼苗种植到处理过的土壤中，到第二年年底香蕉植株几乎未出现枯萎病症状^[48]。哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)突变体ΔTgmfs4通过调控杆菌溶素转运蛋白(bacilysin transmembrane transporter, TgMFS4)降低B. velezensis产生杆菌溶素进入胞内的可能性，使哈茨木霉突变体和B. velezensis能够共存，通过协同作用提升番茄枯萎病防治效果^[112]。目前，真菌-细菌跨界互作的生物防治研究尚处于起步阶段，许多潜在机制仍不清楚，进一步研究跨界互作机制对土传病害防治具有重要意义。由于真菌与细菌对营养偏好存在差异^[113]，未来有望通过利用真菌-细菌互作方式竞争土壤中多种类型养分，削弱病原菌吸收养分的能力，从而防治作物病害。

4 总结与展望

收起

本文系统总结了根际微生物的7种生防机制，包括与病原菌竞争生态空间和养分、合成并分泌抗菌类物质、激活作物的免疫系统、促进作物养分吸收、提高作物非生物胁迫抗性、抑制病原菌辅助菌的生长、增强抗病菌株的抗病能力。这些机制可进一步归纳为3个核心互作途径：微生物-病原菌的直接互作、微生物-作物的直接与间接互作和微生物-微生物的间接互作。对上述机制的进一步认识有助于加深对“作物-根际微生物-病原菌”三方复杂互作关系的理解。目前，基于根际微生物的生防手段已广泛应用于水稻、番茄、大豆等多种作物，主要策略包括施用单一抗病菌株、构建人工合成微生物群落(细菌群或真菌群)，以及利用真菌-细菌跨界互作体系。

尽管根际微生物在增强作物抗病能力方面潜力显著，但其田间应用仍面临若干重要挑战：(1) 绝大多数功能微生物仍处于“不可培养”状态，且其定殖效率与生防功能易受土壤环境及作物基因型等诸多因素干扰，导致核心微生物资源的挖掘与利用困难重重；(2) 病原菌辅助菌群以及对生防类群具促进功能的微生物虽在自然界中普遍存在，然而微生物间的互作研究较为复杂，相关研究起步也较晚，其生防潜力尚未被充分认知；(3) 多组学技术已积累了海量的植物-微生物互作数据，但如何整合作物基因组、转录组、代谢组与微生物宏基因组、宏转录组等多维数据，并从中构建模型、提炼生物学问题，进而系统性揭示“植物-微生物”互作的内在机制仍是当前生物信息学面临的重要难题。此外，定向挖掘适应特定生境(如土壤理化特性与气候类型)的抗病微生物，并构建适用场景明确(如特定作物品种)、防治效果稳定的人工合成菌群也是将根际微生物研究推向田间应用的关键环节。

人工智能(artificial intelligence, AI)技术的快速发展与应用普及为突破上述瓶颈提供了全新路径。通过AI与多组学数据的深度融合，不仅能更深刻地揭示作物-微生物互作的内在机制，还可借助微生物互作预测模型，推断群落功能、指导合成群落的设计，进而通过实验验证驱动作物健康的核心微生物、功能基因及信号分子。与此同时，将宿主植物遗传学与微生物组数据相结合也展现出重要潜力。作物基因型与根际微生物组的结构和功能密切相关，因此深入解析宿主遗传背景对微生物组装配的影响，并在此基础上实现对微生物组的精准调控，将为高效筛选关键功能微生物提供一条极具前景的新策略。在这些前沿方法的共同推动下，有望最终实现根际微生物组的定向设计与调控，为从根本上解决作物土传病害、推动农业绿色可持续发展提供科技支撑。

基金

收起

国家自然科学基金(32300093)
广东特支计划(2021JC06N628)
中国工程科技发展战略广东研究院战略研究与咨询项目(2025-GD-13)
广东省科学院打造综合产业技术创新中心行动资金(2022GDASZH-2022010101)

参考文献

收起

文献

收起

参考文献引证文献

排序方式：

[1]

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Division

Population

. World population prospects 2024: summary of results[EB/OL]. [2025-08-29]. https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/world-population-prospects-2024-summary-results-0

[2]

van DIJK

, MORLEY

, RAU ML, SAGHAI

. A meta-analysis of projected global food demand and population at risk of hunger for the period 2010-2050[J]. Nature food, 2021, 2(7): 494-501.

[3]

PARKD, JANGJ, SEODH, KIMY, JANGG. Bacillus velezensis GH1-13 enhances drought tolerance in rice by reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2024, 15: 1432494.

[4]

TIAN

, LIU

, LI

, ABD-ALLAH

, WU

. Mycorrhizal cucumber with Diversispora versiformis has active heat stress tolerance by up-regulating expression of both CsHsp70s and CsPIPs genes[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2023, 319: 112194.

[5]

FENG

, LIU

, FENG

, ZHU

, YAO

. Linking lipid transfer with reduced arbuscule formation in tomato roots colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus under low pH stress[J]. Environmental Microbiology, 2020, 22(3): 1036-1051.

[6]

DENG

, ZHAO

, LI

, XIA

, YU

, WANG

, LIN

. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi confer aluminum toxicity tolerance in Ricinus communis via modulating root metabolic mechanisms and the composition and quantity of root exudates[J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2025, 227: 110149.

[7]

JIANG

, WEI

, XU

, CHEN

, ZHANG

, SHE

, MACHO

, DING

, LIAO

. Bacterial wilt in China: history, current status, and future perspectives[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2017, 8: 1549.

[8]

IDREES

, ABBAS

, SADDAM

, BASHIR

, NAVEED

, KHAN

, DARA

MZN

. A comprehensive review: persistence, circulative transmission of begomovirus by whitefly vectors[J]. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2024, 44(2): 405-417.

[9]

SAVARY

, WILLOCQUET

, PETHYBRIDGE

, ESKER

, MCROBERTS

, NELSON

. The global burden of pathogens and pests on major food crops[J]. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2019, 3(3): 430-439.

[10]

MEFTAUL

, VENKATESWARLU

, DHARMARAJAN

, ANNAMALAI

, MEGHARAJ

. Pesticides in the urban environment: a potential threat that knocks at the door[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 711: 134612.

[11]

PANTH

, HASSLER

, BAYSAL-GUREL

. Methods for management of soilborne diseases in crop production[J]. Agriculture, 2020, 10(1): 16.

[12]

ZHANG

, ZHANG

, HUANG

, LI

, GAO

, WANG

, ZHANG

, HUANG

, YUAN

, WEN

, LIU

, YU

, LI

, ZHANG

, XU

, WEI

, HE

, ZHOU

, PHILIPPOT

, AI

. A highly conserved core bacterial microbiota with nitrogen-fixation capacity inhabits the xylem sap in maize plants[J]. Nature Communications, 2022, 13: 3361.

[13]

SINGH

, BISHT

, ANSARI

, CHAUHAN

. Pseudomonas putida triggers phosphorus bioavailability and P-transporters under different phosphate regimes to enhance maize growth[J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2024, 217: 109279.

[14]

BABAR

, BALOCH

, QASIM

, WANG

, ABD-ELKADER

, EL-DESOUKI

, XIA

, JIANG

. Unraveling the synergistic effect of biochar and potassium solubilizing bacteria on potassium availability and rapeseed growth in acidic soil[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2025, 380: 125109.

[15]

WANG

, WANG

, CHEN

, WANG

, LU

, WANG

, DOU

, CHI

, QIU

, DAI

, NIU

, CUI

, WEI

, ZHANG

, KÜMMERLI

, ZUO

. Microbiome convergence enables siderophore-secreting-rhizobacteria to improve iron nutrition and yield of peanut intercropped with maize[J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15: 839.

[16]

THENAPPAN

, PANDEY

, HADA

, JAISWAL

, CHINNUSAMY

, BHATTACHARYA

, ANNAPURNA

. Physiological basis of plant growth promotion in rice by rhizosphere and endosphere associated Streptomyces isolates from India[J]. Rice, 2024, 17(1): 60.

[17]

THEPBANDIT

, SRISUWAN

, SIRIWONG

, NAWONG

, ATHINUWAT

. Bacillus vallismortis TU-Orga21 blocks rice blast through both direct effect and stimulation of plant defense[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2023, 14: 1103487.

[18]

PING

, KHAN

RAA

, CHEN

, JIAO

, ZHUANG

, JIANG

, SONG

, YANG

, ZHAO

, LI

, MAO

, XIE

, LING

. Deciphering the role of rhizosphere microbiota in modulating disease resistance in cabbage varieties[J]. Microbiome, 2024, 12(1): 160.

[19]

CHAI

, SCHACHTMAN

. Root exudates impact plant performance under abiotic stress[J]. Trends in Plant Science, 2022, 27(1): 80-91.

[20]

BAI

, LIU

, QIU

, ZHANG

, BAI

. The root microbiome: community assembly and its contributions to plant fitness[J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2022, 64(2): 230-243.

[21]

POTISAP

, LAWONGSA

, DUANGSRI

, GONTIJO

, WONGRATANACHEEWIN

, RODRIGUES

JLM

, SERMSWAN

. The soil microorganism Bacillus amyloliquefaciens N3-8 shows potential as a biocontrol agent against the pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei and its effect on rice plantation[J]. Microbiology Spectrum, 2025, 13(6): e02963-24.

[22]

BANERJEE

, van der HEIJDEN

MGA

. Soil microbiomes and one health[J]. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2023, 21(1): 6-20.

[23]

MESHRAM

, ADHIKARI

. Microbiome-mediated strategies to manage major soil-borne diseases of tomato[J]. Plants, 2024, 13(3): 364.

[24]

IQUEBAL

, MISHRA

, MAURYA

, JAISWAL

, RAI A, KUMAR

. Centenary of soil and air borne wheat Karnal bunt disease research: a review[J]. Biology, 2021, 10(11): 1152.

[25]

PÉREZ-PIZÁ

, STRIKER

, STENGLEIN

. Seed-borne diseases in pasture grasses and legumes: state of the art and gaps in knowledge[J]. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 2023, 130(2): 225-244.

[26]

, JIANG

, WANG

, LIU

, DONG

, MAO

, LI

, NI

, LV

, DENG

, XIONG

, TAO

, LI

, SHEN

, GEISEN

. Protorhabditis nematodes and pathogen-antagonistic bacteria interactively promote plant health[J]. Microbiome, 2024, 12(1): 221.

[27]

LING

, ZHAO

, ZHANG

, LUO

, SONG

, WANG

, XIANG

, ZHAO

, WANG

. Rhizobacterium Streptomyces sp. NEAU-383 as a potential biocontrol agent to control tomato bacterial wilt[J]. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2025, 56(2): 1179-1189.

[28]

, MA

, LIAN

, SU

, TIAN

, HUANG

, MEI

, JIANG

. The effects of Trichoderma on preventing cucumber Fusarium wilt and regulating cucumber physiology[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2019, 18(3): 607-617.

[29]

CAO

, MA

, FU

, WANG

, ZHAO

, ZHONG

, ZHAO

. Bacillus atrophaeus DX-9 biocontrol against potato common scab involves significant changes in the soil microbiome and metabolome[J]. aBIOTECH, 2025, 6(1): 33-49.

[30]

PATIL

, RAGHU

, MOHANTY

, JEEVAN

, BASANA-GOWDA

, ADAK

, ANNAMALAI

, RATH

, SENGOTTAYAN

, GOVINDHARAJ

GPP

. Rhizosphere bacteria isolated from medicinal plants improve rice growth and induce systemic resistance in host against pathogenic fungus[J]. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2024, 43(3): 770-786.

[31]

邹阳, 肖崇刚, 马冠华, 胡小东, 李俊, 李文标, 姚廷山. 青枯菌生理分化及致病型测定研究进展[J]. 中国植保导刊, 2016, 36(7): 21-28.

ZOU

, XIAO

, MA

, HU

, LI

, YAO

. Research progress on physiological specialization and pathotype identification of Ralstonia solanacearum [J]. China Plant Protection, 2016, 36(7): 21-28 (in Chinese).

[32]

LAL

, DEV

, KUMARI

, PANDEY

, APARNA, SHARMA

, NANDNI

, JHA RK, SINGH

. Fusarium wilt pandemic: current understanding and molecular perspectives[J]. Functional & Integrative Genomics, 2024, 24(2): 41.

[33]

KWAK

, KONG

, CHOI

, KWON

, SONG

, LEE

, CHOI

, SEO

, LEE

, JUNG

, PARK

, ROY

, KIM

, LEE

, RUBIN

, LEE

, KIM

. Rhizosphere microbiome structure alters to enable wilt resistance in tomato[J]. Nature Biotechnology, 2018, 36(11): 1100-1109.

[34]

SUN

, LIU

, WANG

, HUANG

, BANERJEE

, JOUSSET

, XU

, SHEN

, WANG

, WEI

. Interactions with native microbial keystone taxa enhance the biocontrol efficiency of Streptomyces [J]. Microbiome, 2025, 13(1): 126.

[35]

EDWARDS

, JOHNSON

, SANTOS-MEDELLÍN

, LURIE

, PODISHETTY

, BHATNAGAR

, EISEN

, SUNDARESAN

. Structure, variation, and assembly of the root-associated microbiomes of rice[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015, 112(8): E911-E920.

[36]

GUO

, SHI

, CHEN

, ZHOU

, ZHANG

, LI

, XUE

, LAI

. The biocontrol agent Streptomyces pactum increases Pseudomonas koreensis populations in the rhizosphere by enhancing chemotaxis and biofilm formation[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2020, 144: 107755.

[37]

FENG

, LIANG

, YAO

, BAI

, ZHU

. The role of the rhizobiome recruited by root exudates in plant disease resistance: current status and future directions[J]. Environmental Microbiome, 2024, 19(1): 91.

[38]

WEI

, YANG

, FRIMAN

, XU

, SHEN

, JOUSSET

. Trophic network architecture of root-associated bacterial communities determines pathogen invasion and plant health[J]. Nature Communications, 2015, 6: 8413.

[39]

SPRAGGE

, BAKKEREN

, JAHN

, ARAUJO E

, PEARSON

, WANG

, PANKHURST

, CUNRATH

, FOSTER

. Microbiome diversity protects against pathogens by nutrient blocking[J]. Science, 2023, 382(6676): eadj3502.

[40]

MUKHERJEE

, EALY

, HUANG

, BENITES

, POLK

, BASAN

. Coexisting ecotypes in long-term evolution emerged from interacting trade-offs[J]. Nature Communications, 2023, 14(1): 3805.

[41]

, WEI

, SHAO

, FRIMAN

, CAO

, YANG

, KRAMER

, WANG

, LI

, MEI

, XU

, SHEN

, KÜMMERLI

, JOUSSET

. Competition for iron drives phytopathogen control by natural rhizosphere microbiomes[J]. Nature Microbiology, 2020, 5(8): 1002-1010.

[42]

GETZKE

, HASSANI

, CRÜSEMANN

, MALISIC

, ZHANG

, ISHIGAKI

, BÖHRINGER

, JIMÉNEZ FERNÁNDEZ

, WANG

, ORDON

, MA

, THIERGART

, HARBORT

, WESSELER

, MIYAUCHI

, GARRIDO-OTER

, SHIRASU

, SCHÄBERLE

, HACQUARD

, SCHULZE-LEFERT

. Cofunctioning of bacterial exometabolites drives root microbiota establishment[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023, 120(15): e2221508120.

[43]

ZHANG

, ZHANG

, WEI

, HU

, LIU

, ZENG

, SHI

. Microbiome-wide association studies reveal correlations between the structure and metabolism of the rhizosphere microbiome and disease resistance in cassava[J]. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2021, 19(4): 689-701.

[44]

ZHOU

, YI

, ZANG

, YAO

, ZHU

. The predatory myxobacterium Citreicoccus inhibens gen. nov. sp. nov. showed antifungal activity and bacteriolytic property against phytopathogens[J]. Microorganisms, 2021, 9(10): 2137.

[45]

, HUANG

, LIU

, LIANG

, ZHANG

, SHEN

, YANG

, JIANG

. Antimicrobial mechanisms and antifungal activity of compounds generated by banana rhizosphere Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gxun-2 against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense [J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2024, 15: 1456847.

[46]

DONG

, GAO

, DONG

, YAO

, ZHU

. Bacillus velezensis RC116 inhibits the pathogens of bacterial wilt and Fusarium wilt in tomato with multiple biocontrol traits[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023, 24(10): 8527.

[47]

DONG

, XU

, GAO

, LI

, YAO

, ZHU

. Myxococcus xanthus R31 suppresses tomato bacterial wilt by inhibiting the pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum with secreted proteins[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2022, 12: 801091.

[48]

ZHU

, WU

, DENG

, HU

, TAN

, CHEN

, TIAN

, LI

. Spatiotemporal biocontrol and rhizosphere microbiome analysis of Fusarium wilt of banana[J]. Communications Biology, 2023, 6: 27.

[49]

, GAO

, HUO

, ASSERI

TAY

, TIAN

, LUO

. Evaluation of biocontrol efficacy of rhizosphere Pseudomonas aeruginosa for management of Phytophthora capsici of pepper[J]. PLoS One, 2024, 19(9): e0309705.

[50]

YANG

, GUO

, YANG

, LI

, ZHANG

, GAO

, WEI

, HAO

. Distinct microbiota assembly and functional patterns in disease-resistant and susceptible varieties of tobacco[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2024, 15: 1361883.

[51]

赖先军, 颜朗, 张文友, 段旺军, 王海燕. 烟草短期连作对根际微生物和代谢物的影响[J]. 西南农业学报, 2023, 36(4): 706-714.

LAI

, YAN

, ZHANG

, DUAN

, WANG

. Effects of tobacco short-term continuous cropping on rhizosphere microorganisms and metabolites[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 36(4): 706-714 (in Chinese).

[52]

ZHANG

, ZHAN

, CHEN

, YU

, ZHANG

, DUAN

. Reduced fungal protein acetylation mediates the antimicrobial activity of a rhizosphere bacterium against a phytopathogenic fungus[J]. Nature Communications, 2025, 16: 5644.

[53]

, GUI

, LI

, JIANG

, GUO

, NIU

. Induced systemic resistance for improving plant immunity by beneficial microbes[J]. Plants, 2022, 11(3): 386.

[54]

WANG

, ZHANG

, LIU

, WU

, WAN

, ZHU

, YANG

, CAI

, CHEN

, GE

. Combating wheat yellow mosaic virus through microbial interactions and hormone pathway modulations[J]. Microbiome, 2024, 12(1): 200.

[55]

, LIU

, JIANG

, JIA

, HOU

, DOU

, YU

. Phenylalanine metabolism-dependent lignification confers rhizobacterium-induced plant resistance[J]. Plant Physiology, 2025, 197(2): kiaf016.

[56]

XIA

, WEI

, WU

, CHEN

, XIAO

, YE

, LIU

, YU

, GUO

, SUN

, LIU

. Bacillus species are core microbiota of resistant maize cultivars that induce host metabolic defense against corn stalk rot[J]. Microbiome, 2024, 12(1): 156.

[57]

SHARMA

. Impacts of nitrogen on plant disease severity and plant defense mechanism[J]. Fundamental and Applied Agriculture, 2020, 5(3): 303-314.

[58]

WANG

, ZHENG

, SHEN

, GUO

. The critical role of potassium in plant stress response[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2013, 14(4): 7370-7390.

[59]

KANG

, QIU

, ZHANG

, LIU

, YANG

, WU

, GE

. Understanding how various forms of phosphorus stress affect microbiome functions and boost plant disease resistance: insights from metagenomic analysis[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2023, 904: 166899.

[60]

, HE

, BAER

, BEIRINCKX

, TIAN

, MOYA

YAT

, ZHANG

, DEICHMANN

, FREY

, BRESGEN

, LI

, RAZAVI

, SCHAAF

, von WIRÉN

, SU

, BUCHER

, TSUDA

, GOORMACHTIG

, CHEN

, HOCHHOLDINGER

. Plant flavones enrich rhizosphere Oxalobacteraceae to improve maize performance under nitrogen deprivation[J]. Nature Plants, 2021, 7(4): 481-499.

[61]

ZHANG

, HAN

, REN

, ZHANG

, TANG

. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve Lycium barbarum potassium uptake by activating the expression of LbHAK [J]. Plants, 2024, 13(9): 1244.

[62]

KHOSHRU

, MITRA

, NOSRATABAD

, REYHANITABAR

, MANDAL

, FARDA

, DJEBAILI

, PELLEGRINI

, GUERRA-SIERRA

, SENAPATI

, PANNEERSELVAM

, MOHAPATRA PK

DAS

. Enhancing manganese availability for plants through microbial potential: a sustainable approach for improving soil health and food security[J]. Bacteria, 2023, 2(3): 129-141.

[63]

KRITHIKA

, BALACHANDAR

. Expression of zinc transporter genes in rice as influenced by zinc-solubilizing Enterobacter cloacae strain ZSB14[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016, 7: 446.

[64]

FENG

, SUN

, QIN

, ZHOU

, ZHU

, YAO

. A synthetic community of siderophore-producing bacteria increases soil selenium bioavailability and plant uptake through regulation of the soil microbiome[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2023, 871: 162076.

[65]

ZAHRA

, HAFEEZ

, SHUKAILY M

, AL-SADI

, SIDDIQUE

KHM

, FAROOQ

. Influence of abiotic stresses on disease infestation in plants[J]. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 2023, 127: 102125.

[66]

BHAGAT

, RAGHAV

, DUBEY

, BEDI

. Bacterial exopolysaccharides: insight into their role in plant abiotic stress tolerance[J]. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2021, 31(8): 1045-1059.

[67]

ALI S, AKHTAR

, SIRAJ

, ZAMAN

. Molecular communication of microbial plant biostimulants in the rhizosphere under abiotic stress conditions[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2024, 25(22): 12424.

[68]

LIU

, JIANG

, YUAN

, WANG

, BAI

, CROWTHER

, ZHOU

, MA

, ZHANG

, WANG

, DING

, LIU

, SUN

, SHEN

, ZHANG

, LIANG

. Root microbiota confers rice resistance to aluminium toxicity and phosphorus deficiency in acidic soils[J]. Nature Food, 2023, 4(10): 912-924.

[69]

, POMMIER

, YIN

, WANG

, GU

, JOUSSET

, KEUSKAMP

, WANG

, WEI

, XU

, SHEN

, KOWALCHUK

. Indirect reduction of Ralstonia solanacearum via pathogen helper inhibition[J]. The ISME Journal, 2022, 16(3): 868-875.

[70]

KRAMER

, ÖZKAYA

, KÜMMERLI

. Bacterial siderophores in community and host interactions[J]. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2019, 18(3): 152-163.

[71]

PACHECO

, MOEL

, SEGRÈ

. Costless metabolic secretions as drivers of interspecies interactions in microbial ecosystems[J]. Nature Communications, 2019, 10: 103.

[72]

GARRIDO-SANZ

, KEEL

. Seed-borne bacteria drive wheat rhizosphere microbiome assembly via niche partitioning and facilitation[J]. Nature Microbiology, 2025, 10(5): 1130-1144.

[73]

LEE

, THAPA MAGAR

, JUNG

, KONG

, SONG

, KWON

, CHOI

, LEE

, KHAN

, KIM

, LEE

. Rhizobacterial syntrophy between a helper and a beneficiary promotes tomato plant health[J]. The ISME Journal, 2024, 18(1): wrae120.

[74]

WANG

, ZHANG

, XU

, YANG

, LI

, SHEN

, WANG

, WU

, LI

, YAN

, WEI

, SHAO

, QIAN

. Soil bacterium manipulates antifungal weapons by sensing intracellular type IVA secretion system effectors of a competitor[J]. The ISME Journal, 2023, 17(12): 2232-2246.

[75]

ANCKAERT

, DECLERCK

, POUSSART

, LAMBERT

, HELMUS

, BOUBSI

, STEELS

, ARGÜELLES-ARIAS

, CALONNE-SALMON

, ONGENA

. The biology and chemistry of a mutualism between a soil bacterium and a mycorrhizal fungus[J]. Current Biology, 2024, 34(21): 4934-4950.e8.

[76]

WANG

, GENG

, SUN

, SHU

, SONG

, ZHANG

. Screening of Bacillus thuringiensis strains to identify new potential biocontrol agents against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Plutella xylostella in Brassica campestris L.[J]. Biological Control, 2020, 145: 104262.

[77]

XIE

, JIANG

, WU

, WAN

, GAN

, ZHAO

, WEN

. Maize root exudates recruit Bacillus amyloliquefaciens OR2-30 to inhibit Fusarium graminearum infection[J]. Phytopathology, 2022, 112(9): 1886-1893.

[78]

PURTSCHERT-MONTENEGRO

, CÁRCAMO-OYARCE

, PINTO-CARBÓ

, AGNOLI

, BAILLY

, EBERL

. Pseudomonas putida mediates bacterial killing, biofilm invasion and biocontrol with a type IVB secretion system[J]. Nature Microbiology, 2022, 7(10): 1547-1557.

[79]

HASHEMI

, AMIEL

, ZOUAOUI

, ADAM

, CLEMENTE

, AGUILAR

, PENDARIES

, COUZIGOU

, MARTI

, GAULIN

, ROY

, REY T, DUMAS

. The mycoparasite Pythium oligandrum induces legume pathogen resistance and shapes rhizosphere microbiota without impacting mutualistic interactions[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2023, 14: 1156733.

[80]

MOUSSA

, ALANAZI

, KHATEB

, ELDADAMONY

, ISMAIL

, SABER

WIA

, DARWISH

DBE

. Domiciliation of Trichoderma asperellum suppresses Globiosporangium ultimum and promotes pea growth, ultrastructure, and metabolic features[J]. Microorganisms, 2023, 11(1): 198.

[81]

TROTEL-AZIZ

, ABOU-MANSOUR

, COURTEAUX

, RABENOELINA

, CLÉMENT

, FONTAINE

, AZIZ

. Bacillus subtilis PTA-271 counteracts Botryosphaeria dieback in grapevine, triggering immune responses and detoxification of fungal phytotoxins[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2019, 10: 25.

[82]

WANG

, ZHAO

, LI

, WEI

, HU

, YANG

, ZHOU

, LI

. The growth-promoting and disease-suppressing mechanisms of Trichoderma inoculation on peanut seedlings[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2024, 15: 1414193.

[83]

, LIU

, HOU

, LEI

, ZHU

, LI

, HE

, TIAN

. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-enhanced resistance against Phytophthora sojae infection on soybean leaves is mediated by a network involving hydrogen peroxide, jasmonic acid, and the metabolism of carbon and nitrogen[J]. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2013, 35(12): 3465-3475.

[84]

XIA

, ZHAO

, ZHANG

, LI

, CHENG

, WANG

, XU

, QI

, WANG

, GUO

, YE

, HUANG

, SHEN

, DOU

, CAO

, LI

, CUI

. Myxobacteria restrain Phytophthora invasion by scavenging thiamine in soybean rhizosphere via outer membrane vesicle-secreted thiaminase I[J]. Nature Communications, 2023, 14: 5646.

[85]

JIANG

, LIU

, HE

, PAYIZILA

, LI

. Biological control ability and antifungal activities of Bacillus velezensis Bv S3 against Fusarium oxysporum that causes rice seedling blight[J]. Agronomy, 2024, 14(1): 167.

[86]

ZHOU

, YANG

, LIU

, LI

, WANG

, DAI

, ZHANG

, CARRIÓN

, WEI

, CAO

, DELGADO-BAQUERIZO

, LI

. Crop rotation and native microbiome inoculation restore soil capacity to suppress a root disease[J]. Nature Communications, 2023, 14: 8126.

[87]

SHI

, LI

, CHEN

, MENG

, WU

, WANG

, SHEN

. Synthetic microbial community members interact to metabolize caproic acid to inhibit potato dry rot disease[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2024, 25(8): 4437.

[88]

ZHAO

, WANG

, SONG

, LU

, ZHOU

, SONG

, ZHANG

, HUANG

, GONG

, LEI

, DONG

, GU

, BORRISS

, GAO

, WU

. Pyoluteorin-deficient Pseudomonas protegens improves cooperation with Bacillus velezensis, biofilm formation, co-colonizing, and reshapes rhizosphere microbiome[J]. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes, 2024, 10: 145.

[89]

, BAI

, JIAO

, LI

, YANG

, ZHANG

, WEI

. A simplified synthetic community rescues Astragalus mongholicus from root rot disease by activating plant-induced systemic resistance[J]. Microbiome, 2021, 9(1): 217.

[90]

YIN

, HAGERTY

, PAULITZ

. Synthetic microbial consortia derived from rhizosphere soil protect wheat against a soilborne fungal pathogen[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2022, 13: 908981.

[91]

QIAO

, WANG

, SUN

, GUO

, SONG

, ZHANG

, RUAN

, XU

, HUANG

, SHEN

, LING

. Synthetic community derived from grafted watermelon rhizosphere provides protection for ungrafted watermelon against Fusarium oxysporum via microbial synergistic effects[J]. Microbiome, 2024, 12(1): 101.

[92]

ZHU

, ZHANG

, GAO

, SHEN

, QIN

, ZHU

. Metabolites from a co-culture of Trichoderma yunnanense and Paenibacillus peoriae improve resistance to corm rot disease in Crocus sativus [J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2024, 213: 118465.

[93]

XIAO

, LIU

, WANG

, LU

, ZHANG

, YANG

. Microbial inoculants drive disease suppression and rhizosphere modulation for effective management of pepper Phytophthora blight[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2025, 208: 105971.

[94]

ZHANG

, LI

, WANG

, MA

, ZHENG

, LI

, ZHAO

, ZHANG

. 2E,4E-decadienoic acid, a novel anti-oomycete agent from coculture of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma asperellum [J]. Microbiology Spectrum, 2022, 10(4): e0154222.

[95]

, LIN

, ZHANG

, WANG

, ZHENG

, WANG

, GAO

, LI

, ZHAO

, ZHANG

. Transcriptomics integrated with metabolomics reveal the competitive relationship between co-cultured Trichoderma asperellum HG1 and Bacillus subtilis Tpb55[J]. Microbiological Research, 2024, 280: 127598.

[96]

ZHOU

, WANG

, LIU

, LIANG

, ZHAO

, TSUI

CKM

, CAI

. Cross-kingdom synthetic microbiota supports tomato suppression of Fusarium wilt disease[J]. Nature Communications, 2022, 13: 7890.

[97]

JUNAID

, NA

DAR

, BHAT

. Commercial biocontrol agents and their mechanism of action in the management of plant pathogens[J]. International Journal of Modern Plant & Animal Sciences, 2013, 1(2): 39-57.

[98]

POCURULL

, FULLANA

, FERRO

, VALERO

, ESCUDERO

, SAUS

, GABALDÓN

, SORRIBAS

. Commercial formulates of Trichoderma induce systemic plant resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in tomato and the effect is additive to that of the Mi-1.2 resistance gene[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2020, 10: 3042.

[99]

DUNLEAVY

. Control of damping-off of sugar beet by Bacillus subtilis [J]. Phytopathology, 1955, 45(5): 252-258.

[100]

AYAZ

, ALI Q, FARZAND

, KHAN

, LING

, GAO

. Nematicidal volatiles from Bacillus atrophaeus GBSC56 promote growth and stimulate induced systemic resistance in tomato against Meloidogyne incognita [J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021, 22(9): 5049.

[101]

PRIGIGALLO

, STAROPOLI

, VINALE

, BUBICI

. Interactions between plant-beneficial microorganisms in a consortium: Streptomyces microflavus and Trichoderma harzianum [J]. Microbial Biotechnology, 2023, 16(12): 2292-2312.

[102]

LEAL

, EICHMEIER

, ŠTŮSKOVÁ

, ARMENGOL

, BUJANDA

, FONTAINE

, TROTEL-AZIZ

, GRAMAJE

. Establishment of biocontrol agents and their impact on rhizosphere microbiome and induced grapevine defenses are highly soil-dependent[J]. Phytobiomes Journal, 2024, 8(2): 111-127.

[103]

MENDES

, RAAIJMAKERS

, de HOLLANDER

, MENDES

, TSAI

. Influence of resistance breeding in common bean on rhizosphere microbiome composition and function[J]. The ISME Journal, 2018, 12(1): 212-224.

[104]

LIU

, GENG

, LI

, LU

, XIE

, SUN

, ZHANG

, PENG

, SHI

, LI

, ZHOU

, GU

, WANG

. Innate root exudates contributed to contrasting coping strategies in response to Ralstonia solanacearum in resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2023, 71(50): 20092-20104.

[105]

庄敬华, 杨长城, 牟连晓, 高增贵, 陈捷. 土壤不同处理对木霉菌定殖及其生防效果的影响[J]. 植物保护, 2005, 31(6): 42-44.

ZHUANG

, YANG

, MU

, GAO

, CHEN

. Effect of soil treatment on colonization and biocontrol efficiency of Trichoderma [J]. Plant Protection, 2005, 31(6): 42-44 (in Chinese).

[106]

GROßKOPF

, SOYER

. Synthetic microbial communities[J]. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 2014, 18: 72-77.

[107]

RUAN

, CHEN

, CAO

, MENG

, YANG

, XU

, XING

, LI

, FREILICH

, CHEN

, GAO

, JIANG

, XU

. Engineering natural microbiomes toward enhanced bioremediation by microbiome modeling[J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15: 4694.

[108]

LUO

, SUN

, LI

, ZHANG

, PAN

, LUO

, WU

, JIANG

, WU

, MA

, DAI

, ZHANG

. Depletion of protective microbiota promotes the incidence of fruit disease[J]. The ISME Journal, 2024, 18(1): wrae071.

[109]

PRIGIGALLO

, GÓMEZ-LAMA CABANÁS

, MERCADO-BLANCO

, BUBICI

. Designing a synthetic microbial community devoted to biological control: the case study of Fusarium wilt of banana[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2022, 13: 967885.

[110]

RASHAD

, BOUQELLAH

, HAFEZ

, ABDALLA

, SLEEM

, MADBOULY

. Combined interaction between the diazotrophic Niallia circulans strain YRNF1 and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in promoting growth of eggplant and mitigating root rot stress caused by Rhizoctonia solani [J]. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 2024, 63(1): 25-43.

[111]

ZHANG

, van der HEIJDEN

MGA

, DODDS

, NGUYEN

, SPOOREN

, VALZANO-HELD

, COSME

, BERENDSEN

. A tripartite bacterial-fungal-plant symbiosis in the mycorrhiza-shaped microbiome drives plant growth and mycorrhization[J]. Microbiome, 2024, 12(1): 13.

[112]

, SHI

, WANG

, ZHOU

, WANG

, XU

, RAZA

, LIU

, SHEN

. Turning antagonists into allies: Bacterial-fungal interactions enhance the efficacy of controlling Fusarium wilt disease[J]. Science Advances, 2025, 11(7): eads5089.

[113]

WANG

, KUZYAKOV

. Mechanisms and implications of bacterial-fungal competition for soil resources[J]. The ISME Journal, 2024, 18(1): wrae073.

2026年第66卷第2期

PDF下载

198

引用本文

BibTeX

文章信息

doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250591

接收时间：2025-07-30
首发时间：2026-02-05
出版时间：2026-02-04

补充材料

相关文章

文章信息

作者

出版历史

收稿日期：2025-07-30
录用日期：2025-11-04

基金

the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32300093)

国家自然科学基金(32300093)

the Guangdong Special Support Program(2021JC06N628)

广东特支计划(2021JC06N628)

the Strategic Research and Consulting Project of the Guangdong Research Institute of China Engineering Science and Technology Development Strategy(2025-GD-13)

中国工程科技发展战略广东研究院战略研究与咨询项目(2025-GD-13)

the GDAS’ Project of Science and Technology Development(2022GDASZH-2022010101)

广东省科学院打造综合产业技术创新中心行动资金(2022GDASZH-2022010101)

作者信息

^1.昆明理工大学生命科学与技术学院，云南昆明

^3.华南农业大学园艺学院，广东省微生物信号与病害防治重点实验室，广东广州

参考文献

分享链接

https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/CN/10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250591

分享至

全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文

BibTeX

本文的引用情况

2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

关闭全屏

BibTeX
EndNote
RefWorks
TxT

作物 Crops	病原菌 Pathogens	抗病微生物 Disease-resistant microbes	作用机制和生防方式 Mechanism of action and biological control methods	参考文献 References
辣椒 Capsicum annuum	辣椒疫霉菌 Phytophthora capsici	铜绿假单胞菌Pa608 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pa608	单菌生防：产生的α-蒎烯和3-蒈烯能够抑制辣椒疫霉菌的生长 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain Pa608 inhibits the growth of Phytophthora capsici by producing α-pinene and 3-carene	[49]
油菜 Brassica rapa var. oleifera	核盘菌 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum	苏云金芽孢杆菌4F5 Bacillus thuringiensis 4F5	单菌生防：同时激活水杨酸、乙烯和茉莉酸信号通路，触发油菜的诱导系统抗性 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain activates the salicylic acid, ethylene, and jasmonic acid signaling pathways simultaneously, thereby triggering induced systemic resistance in Brassica rapa var. oleifera	[76]
玉米 Zea mays	禾谷镰孢菌 Fusarium graminearum	解淀粉芽孢杆菌OR2-30 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens OR2-30	单菌生防：产生的脂肽(伊枯草菌素)抑制病原真菌分生孢子的形成和萌发、诱导活性氧的产生并导致菌丝体细胞死亡 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain OR2-30 inhibits the growth of F. graminearum by secreting iturin to suppress conidial formation and germination, inducing the production of reactive oxygen species, and causing mycelial cell death	[77]
番茄 Solanum lycopersicum	茄科罗尔斯通氏菌 Ralstonia solanacearum	恶臭假单胞菌IsoF Pseudomonas putida IsoF	单菌生防：P. putida IsoF借助四型b亚型分泌系统以接触依赖的方式将毒素递送至病原菌内，并入侵现有生物膜，从而保护番茄植株免受病原菌的侵害 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain IsoF utilizes its type IVB secretion system to deliver toxins into pathogens in a contact-dependent manner and invade existing biofilms, thereby protecting tomato plants from pathogenic infection	[78]
蒺藜苜蓿，豌豆 Medicago truncatula, Pisum sativum	根丝丝霉 Aphanomyces euteiches	寡雄腐霉M1 Pythium oligandrum M1	单菌生防：诱导植物体内合成抗菌异黄酮类化合物和苯丙类化合物，并调整根际微生物群落 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain M1 enhances the overall disease resistance of plants by activating the synthesis of endogenous antimicrobial compounds (isoflavonoids and phenylpropanoids) and modulating the rhizosphere microbial community	[79]
豌豆 P. sativum	终极腐霉 Globisporangium ultimum	棘孢木霉ZNW Trichoderma asperellum ZNW	单菌生防：在病原菌的菌丝体上寄生并诱导宿主植物系统性抗性 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain ZNW parasitizes the mycelium of the pathogen and triggers induced systemic resistance in the host plant	[80]
葡萄 Vitis vinifera	小新壳梭孢 Neofusicoccum parvum	枯草芽孢杆菌PTA-271 Bacillus subtilis PTA-271	单菌生防：触发水杨酸和茉莉酸反应基因的表达并且可以解毒真菌毒素(-)-terremutin和(R)-mellein Single-strain biocontrol: the strain PTA-271 not only triggers the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathways in plants, but also degrades the two fungal toxins (-)-terremutin and (R)-mellein	[81]
花生 Arachis hypogaea	齐整小核菌 Sclerotium rolfsii JN3011	哈茨木霉QT20045 Trichoderma harzianum QT20045	单菌生防：T. harzianum QT20045通过菌丝缠绕、寄生及解离等机制直接抑制病原真菌，此外，在病原真菌胁迫下，T. harzianum QT20045还能通过下调果胶酯酶家族基因表达维持花生幼苗细胞壁的稳定，同时上调suppressor of mkk1/mkk2 (AhSUMM2)基因表达来增强植物抗病性 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain QT20045 directly inhibits pathogenic fungi through mechanisms such as hyphal entanglement, parasitism, and lysis. In addition, under pathogenic fungal stress, this strain can maintain the stability of peanut seedling cell walls by downregulating the expression of pectinesterase family genes and upregulating the expression of the AhSUMM2 gene to enhance plant disease resistance	[82]
大豆 Glycine max	大豆疫霉菌 Phytophthora sojae	根内根孢囊霉BGC BJ09 Rhizophagus intraradices BGC BJ09	单菌生防：R. intraradices通过降低大豆植株内H₂O₂增加茉莉酸含量、谷胱甘肽还原酶活性来增强大豆对大豆疫霉的抗性 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain BGC BJ09 enhances soybean resistance to P. sojae by reducing H₂O₂ levels, increasing jasmonic acid content, and elevating glutathione reductase activity in the plants	[83]
大豆 G. max	大豆疫霉菌 P. sojae	珊瑚球菌EGB Corallococcus sp. EGB	单菌生防：Corallococcus sp. EGB分泌一种新型硫胺素酶Ⅰ (thiaminase I, CcThi1)到胞外，从而分解环境中的公共硫胺素，阻断疫霉菌获取硫胺素，进而抑制疫霉菌的生长 Single-strain biocontrol: the strain EGB inhibits the growth of P. sojaevia a thiaminase I CcThi1 secreted into extracellular environment through outer membrane vesicles	[84]
水稻 Oryza sativa	尖孢镰孢菌 Fusarium oxysporum	贝莱斯芽孢杆菌Bv S3 Bacillus velezensis Bv S3	单菌生防：B. velezensis Bv S3的无菌滤液可显著降低尖孢镰孢菌孢子萌发率和菌丝生长，并引起菌丝畸形 Single-strain biocontrol: the sterile filtrate of strain Bv S3 can significantly reduce the spore germination rate and hyphal growth of F. oxysporum, and cause hyphal malformation	[85]
花生 A. hypogaea	F. oxysporum	Pantoea sp., Fictibacillus sp., Enterobacter sp.,Paenibacillus sp.,Sporosarcina sp., Lysinibacillus sp., and Pseudomonas sp.	合成群落：该合成群落由轮作花生根际富集、但在单作花生根际中明显减少的菌株组成。体外实验表明，该群落能够显著抑制F. oxysporum的菌丝生长。进一步将其回补至单作花生中，可恢复植株的抗病能力。其抑菌机制可能与挥发性有机化合物(volatile organic compounds, VOCs)及抗生素类物质的产生有关。例如，在轮作花生根际检测到而在单作根际中未能检出的二甲基硫醚、2,5-二甲基环己酮、6-甲基-3,5-戊二烯-2-酮等VOCs，即使在低浓度下也对病原菌表现出强烈抑制活性 Synthetic community: the synthetic community consists of strains that are enriched in the rhizosphere of rotated peanuts but significantly reduced in the rhizosphere of monoculture peanuts. This community can significantly inhibit the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum, and reintroducing it into monoculture peanuts can restore the plant’s disease resistance. Its antibacterial mechanism may be related to the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and antibiotic-like substances	[86]
马铃薯 Solanum tuberosum	Fusarium spp.	解淀粉类芽孢杆菌B9D10，恶臭假单胞菌B65D14，乙酸钙不动杆菌B9H9，变形斑沙雷氏菌B65H4，放线菌B9H11和枯草芽孢杆菌B65D7 Paenibacillus amylolyticus B9D10, P. putida B65D14, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus B9H9, Serratia proteamaculans B65H4, Actinomycetes sp. B9H11, and B. subtilis B65D7	合成群落：合成群落其他成员菌株促进S. proteamaculans B65H4产生己酸，从而抑制病原真菌分生孢子萌发以及抑制菌丝生长 Synthetic community: the consortium inhibits the pathogenic fungus by promoting S. proteamaculans B65H4 to produce caproic acid, which suppresses conidial germination and hyphal growth	[87]
番茄 S. lycopersicum	R. solanacearum	Pyoluteorin缺陷型的保护假单胞菌Pf-5和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌DMW1 Pyoluteorin-deficient Pseudomonas protegens Pf5 and B. velezensis DMW1	合成群落：敲除P. protegens Pf-5的pyoluteorin合成基因，使其能与B. velezensis DMW1互作共生，共定殖于番茄根系并增强B. velezensis DMW1抗菌代谢物合成，协同保护番茄免受青枯病侵害 Synthetic community: the pyoluteorin-deficient strain Pf-5 can interact with and co-colonize the tomato rhizosphere together with strain DMW1, enhance the synthesis of antibacterial metabolites by strain DMW1, and synergistically protect tomatoes from bacterial wilt	[88]
黄芪 Astragalus membranaceus	F. oxysporum	Stenotrophomonas sp., Rhizobium sp., Ochrobactrum sp., and Advenella sp.	合成群落：Stenotrophomonas sp.直接抑制真菌病原体生长，其他3种细菌则激活植物体内茉莉酸信号通路以及激活诱导系统抗性相关酶活性 Synthetic community: Stenotrophomonas sp. directly inhibits the growth of fungal pathogens, while the other three bacteria activate the jasmonic acid signaling pathway in plants and trigger induced systemic resistance by enhancing the activity of resistance-related enzymes	[89]
小麦 Triticum aestivum	立枯丝核菌 Rhizoctonia solani AG8	14株细菌构建的10个合成群落 Ten synthetic communities constructed from 14 bacterial strains	合成群落：10个群落中的4个合成群落通过产生挥发性物质显著抑制R. solani AG8的生长 Synthetic community: four out of the ten synthetic communities significantly inhibit the growth of R. solani AG8 by producing volatile substances	[90]
西瓜 Citrullus lanatus	F. oxysporum	P. aeruginosa Q6等16株细菌 A synthetic community of 16 bacterial strains, including P. aeruginosa Q6	合成群落：通过微生物协同作用增强抗病性，并且合成群落其他成员能够促进假单胞菌的生物膜形成 Synthetic community: the community enhances disease resistance through microbial synergy, and other members of the synthetic community can promote biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa Q6	[91]
小果野蕉 Musa acuminata	F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense	师岗链霉菌和印度梨形孢 Streptomyces morookaense and Piriformospora indica	微生物跨界互作：S. morookaensis产生次生化合物xerucitrinin A和6-戊基-α-吡喃酮，抑制F. oxysporum的生长并减少其孢子数量，P. indica防止病原菌定殖到根部 Cross-kingdom microbial interactions: S. morookaensis produces secondary compounds, xerucitrinin A and 6-pentyl-α-pyrone, which inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum and reduce its spore production. Meanwhile, P. indica prevents the pathogen from colonizing the roots	[48]
番茄 S. lycopersicum	灰葡萄孢霉 Botrytis cinerea	B. velezensis和异形根孢囊霉 B. velezensis and Rhizophagus irregularis	微生物跨界互作：B. velezensis能沿着R. irregularis真菌菌丝网络迁移并形成生物膜，而AM真菌能调控芽孢杆菌产生表面活性素使二者稳定共存，互作时能激活植物系统抗性以保护番茄免受地上部病害灰葡萄孢霉侵害 Cross-kingdom microbial interactions: B. velezensis can migrate along the hyphal network of R. irregularis and form biofilms, while AM fungi can regulate surfactant production by Bacillus, enabling stable coexistence between the two. During interaction, they can activate plant systemic resistance to protect tomatoes from the above-ground pathogen Botrytis cinerea	[75]
藏红花 Crocus sativus	F. oxysporum	皮尔瑞俄类芽孢杆菌 SR235和云南木霉菌 SR38 Paenibacillus peoriae SR235 and Trichoderma yunnanense SR38	微生物跨界互作：T. yunnanense SR38和P. peoriae SR235共培养发酵液中具有抗病性的有机酸(dl-3-苯乳酸、3-羟基癸酸、(2S)-2-异丙基苹果酸)，其含量比单一SR38或SR235菌株产生的高，从而激活植物免疫系统 Cross-kingdom microbial interactions: the fermentation broth co-cultured with T. yunnanense SR38 and P. peoriae SR235 contains disease-resistant organic acids (dl-3-phenyllactic acid, 3-hydroxydecanoic acid, and (2S)-2-isopropylmalate), which are present in higher amounts than those produced by a single SR38 or SR235 strain, thereby activating the plant’s immune system	[92]
辣椒 C. annuum	P. capsic	B. subtilis QST713 and T. harzianum T-22	微生物跨界互作：T. harzianum T-22和B. subtilis QST713联合处理增加辣椒中抗氧化酶以及酚类化合物含量，增强植物抵抗病原菌能力 Cross-kingdom microbial interactions: the combined treatment with T. harzianum T-22 and B. subtilis QST713 increases the content of antioxidant enzymes and phenolic compounds in peppers, enhancing the plant’s resistance to pathogens	[93]
烟草 Nicotiana tabacum	烟草疫霉菌 Phytophthora nicotianae	B. subtilis Tpb55 and T. asperellum HG1	微生物跨界互作：T. asperellum HG1和B. subtilis Tpb55共培养使T. asperellum HG1产生抗卵菌脂肪族化合物2E,4E-癸二烯酸含量增加，其能抑制多种植物病原菌 Cross-kingdom microbial interactions: co-culturing T. asperellum HG1 and B. subtilis Tpb55 increase the content of the anti-oomycete aliphatic compound 2E,4E-decadienoic acid produced by T. asperellum HG1, which can inhibit a variety of plant pathogens	[94-95]
番茄 S. lycopersicum	F. oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici	74种不同真菌：105种细菌(细菌:真菌的生物量比为4:1) 74 fungal strains: 105 bacterial strains (bacterial:fungal biomass ratio of 4:1)	微生物跨界互作：此跨界合成群落能够激活番茄茉莉酸和水杨酸信号通路，并且富集几丁质酶、木葡聚糖水解酶等在内的51条碳水化合物活性酶(carbohydrate-active enzyme, CAZyme)相关途径 Cross-kingdom microbial interactions: the cross-kingdom synthetic community activates both jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling pathways in tomato and enriches 51 carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme)-related pathways, including those for chitinases and xyloglucan hydrolases	[96]

作物

Crops

病原菌

Pathogens

抗病微生物

Disease-resistant microbes

作用机制和生防方式

Mechanism of action and biological control methods

参考文献

References

辣椒

Capsicum annuum

辣椒疫霉菌

Phytophthora capsici

铜绿假单胞菌Pa608

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pa608

单菌生防：产生的α-蒎烯和3-蒈烯能够抑制辣椒疫霉菌的生长

Single-strain biocontrol: the strain Pa608 inhibits the growth of Phytophthora capsici by producing α-pinene and 3-carene

[49]

油菜

Brassica rapa var. oleifera

核盘菌

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

苏云金芽孢杆菌4F5

Bacillus thuringiensis 4F5

单菌生防：同时激活水杨酸、乙烯和茉莉酸信号通路，触发油菜的诱导系统抗性

Single-strain biocontrol: the strain activates the salicylic acid, ethylene, and jasmonic acid signaling pathways simultaneously, thereby triggering induced systemic resistance in Brassica rapa var. oleifera

[76]

玉米

Zea mays

禾谷镰孢菌

Fusarium graminearum

解淀粉芽孢杆菌OR2-30

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens OR2-30

单菌生防：产生的脂肽(伊枯草菌素)抑制病原真菌分生孢子的形成和萌发、诱导活性氧的产生并导致菌丝体细胞死亡

Single-strain biocontrol: the strain OR2-30 inhibits the growth of F. graminearum by secreting iturin to suppress conidial formation and germination, inducing the production of reactive oxygen species, and causing mycelial cell death

[77]

番茄

Solanum lycopersicum

茄科罗尔斯通氏菌

Ralstonia solanacearum

恶臭假单胞菌IsoF

Pseudomonas putida IsoF

单菌生防：P. putida IsoF借助四型b亚型分泌系统以接触依赖的方式将毒素递送至病原菌内，并入侵现有生物膜，从而保护番茄植株免受病原菌的侵害

Single-strain biocontrol: the strain IsoF utilizes its type IVB secretion system to deliver toxins into pathogens in a contact-dependent manner and invade existing biofilms, thereby protecting tomato plants from pathogenic infection

[78]

蒺藜苜蓿，豌豆

Medicago truncatula,

Pisum sativum

根丝丝霉

Aphanomyces euteiches

寡雄腐霉M1

Pythium oligandrum M1

单菌生防：诱导植物体内合成抗菌异黄酮类化合物和苯丙类化合物，并调整根际微生物群落

Single-strain biocontrol: the strain M1 enhances the overall disease resistance of plants by activating the synthesis of endogenous antimicrobial compounds (isoflavonoids and phenylpropanoids) and modulating the rhizosphere microbial community

[79]

豌豆

P. sativum

终极腐霉

Globisporangium ultimum

棘孢木霉ZNW

Trichoderma asperellum ZNW

单菌生防：在病原菌的菌丝体上寄生并诱导宿主植物系统性抗性

Single-strain biocontrol: the strain ZNW parasitizes the mycelium of the pathogen and triggers induced systemic resistance in the host plant

[80]

葡萄

Vitis vinifera

小新壳梭孢

Neofusicoccum parvum

枯草芽孢杆菌PTA-271

Bacillus subtilis PTA-271

单菌生防：触发水杨酸和茉莉酸反应基因的表达并且可以解毒真菌毒素(-)-terremutin和(R)-mellein

Single-strain biocontrol: the strain PTA-271 not only triggers the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathways in plants, but also degrades the two fungal toxins (-)-terremutin and (R)-mellein

[81]

花生

Arachis hypogaea

齐整小核菌

Sclerotium rolfsii JN3011

哈茨木霉QT20045

Trichoderma harzianum QT20045

单菌生防：T. harzianum QT20045通过菌丝缠绕、寄生及解离等机制直接抑制病原真菌，此外，在病原真菌胁迫下，T. harzianum QT20045还能通过下调果胶酯酶家族基因表达维持花生幼苗细胞壁的稳定，同时上调suppressor of mkk1/mkk2 (AhSUMM2)基因表达来增强植物抗病性

Single-strain biocontrol: the strain QT20045 directly inhibits pathogenic fungi through mechanisms such as hyphal entanglement, parasitism, and lysis. In addition, under pathogenic fungal stress, this strain can maintain the stability of peanut seedling cell walls by downregulating the expression of pectinesterase family genes and upregulating the expression of the AhSUMM2 gene to enhance plant disease resistance

[82]

大豆

Glycine max

大豆疫霉菌

Phytophthora sojae

根内根孢囊霉BGC BJ09

Rhizophagus intraradices BGC BJ09

单菌生防：R. intraradices通过降低大豆植株内H₂O₂增加茉莉酸含量、谷胱甘肽还原酶活性来增强大豆对大豆疫霉的抗性

Single-strain biocontrol: the strain BGC BJ09 enhances soybean resistance to P. sojae by reducing H₂O₂ levels, increasing jasmonic acid content, and elevating glutathione reductase activity in the plants

[83]

大豆

G. max

大豆疫霉菌

P. sojae

珊瑚球菌EGB

Corallococcus sp. EGB

单菌生防：Corallococcus sp. EGB分泌一种新型硫胺素酶Ⅰ (thiaminase I, CcThi1)到胞外，从而分解环境中的公共硫胺素，阻断疫霉菌获取硫胺素，进而抑制疫霉菌的生长

Single-strain biocontrol: the strain EGB inhibits the growth of P. sojaevia a thiaminase I CcThi1 secreted into extracellular environment through outer membrane vesicles

[84]

水稻

Oryza sativa

尖孢镰孢菌

Fusarium oxysporum

贝莱斯芽孢杆菌Bv S3

Bacillus velezensis Bv S3

单菌生防：B. velezensis Bv S3的无菌滤液可显著降低尖孢镰孢菌孢子萌发率和菌丝生长，并引起菌丝畸形

Single-strain biocontrol: the sterile filtrate of strain Bv S3 can significantly reduce the spore germination rate and hyphal growth of F. oxysporum, and cause hyphal malformation

[85]

花生

A. hypogaea

F. oxysporum

Pantoea sp., Fictibacillus sp., Enterobacter sp.,Paenibacillus sp.,Sporosarcina sp., Lysinibacillus sp., and Pseudomonas sp.

合成群落：该合成群落由轮作花生根际富集、但在单作花生根际中明显减少的菌株组成。体外实验表明，该群落能够显著抑制F. oxysporum的菌丝生长。进一步将其回补至单作花生中，可恢复植株的抗病能力。其抑菌机制可能与挥发性有机化合物(volatile organic compounds, VOCs)及抗生素类物质的产生有关。例如，在轮作花生根际检测到而在单作根际中未能检出的二甲基硫醚、2,5-二甲基环己酮、6-甲基-3,5-戊二烯-2-酮等VOCs，即使在低浓度下也对病原菌表现出强烈抑制活性

Synthetic community: the synthetic community consists of strains that are enriched in the rhizosphere of rotated peanuts but significantly reduced in the rhizosphere of monoculture peanuts. This community can significantly inhibit the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum, and reintroducing it into monoculture peanuts can restore the plant’s disease resistance. Its antibacterial mechanism may be related to the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and antibiotic-like substances

[86]

马铃薯

Solanum tuberosum

Fusarium spp.

解淀粉类芽孢杆菌B9D10，恶臭假单胞菌B65D14，乙酸钙不动杆菌B9H9，变形斑沙雷氏菌B65H4，放线菌B9H11和枯草芽孢杆菌B65D7

Paenibacillus amylolyticus B9D10, P. putida B65D14, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus B9H9, Serratia proteamaculans B65H4, Actinomycetes sp. B9H11, and B. subtilis B65D7

合成群落：合成群落其他成员菌株促进S. proteamaculans B65H4产生己酸，从而抑制病原真菌分生孢子萌发以及抑制菌丝生长

Synthetic community: the consortium inhibits the pathogenic fungus by promoting S. proteamaculans B65H4 to produce caproic acid, which suppresses conidial germination and hyphal growth

[87]

番茄

S. lycopersicum

R. solanacearum

Pyoluteorin缺陷型的保护假单胞菌Pf-5和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌DMW1

Pyoluteorin-deficient Pseudomonas protegens Pf5 and B. velezensis DMW1

合成群落：敲除P. protegens Pf-5的pyoluteorin合成基因，使其能与B. velezensis DMW1互作共生，共定殖于番茄根系并增强B. velezensis DMW1抗菌代谢物合成，协同保护番茄免受青枯病侵害

Synthetic community: the pyoluteorin-deficient strain Pf-5 can interact with and co-colonize the tomato rhizosphere together with strain DMW1, enhance the synthesis of antibacterial metabolites by strain DMW1, and synergistically protect tomatoes from bacterial wilt

[88]

黄芪

Astragalus membranaceus

F. oxysporum

Stenotrophomonas sp., Rhizobium sp., Ochrobactrum sp., and Advenella sp.

合成群落：Stenotrophomonas sp.直接抑制真菌病原体生长，其他3种细菌则激活植物体内茉莉酸信号通路以及激活诱导系统抗性相关酶活性

Synthetic community: Stenotrophomonas sp. directly inhibits the growth of fungal pathogens, while the other three bacteria activate the jasmonic acid signaling pathway in plants and trigger induced systemic resistance by enhancing the activity of resistance-related enzymes

[89]

小麦

Triticum aestivum

立枯丝核菌

Rhizoctonia solani AG8

14株细菌构建的10个合成群落

Ten synthetic communities constructed from 14 bacterial strains

合成群落：10个群落中的4个合成群落通过产生挥发性物质显著抑制R. solani AG8的生长

Synthetic community: four out of the ten synthetic communities significantly inhibit the growth of R. solani AG8 by producing volatile substances

[90]

西瓜

Citrullus lanatus

F. oxysporum

P. aeruginosa Q6等16株细菌

A synthetic community of 16 bacterial strains, including P. aeruginosa Q6

合成群落：通过微生物协同作用增强抗病性，并且合成群落其他成员能够促进假单胞菌的生物膜形成

Synthetic community: the community enhances disease resistance through microbial synergy, and other members of the synthetic community can promote biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa Q6

[91]

小果野蕉

Musa acuminata

F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense

师岗链霉菌和印度梨形孢

Streptomyces morookaense and Piriformospora indica

微生物跨界互作：S. morookaensis产生次生化合物xerucitrinin A和6-戊基-α-吡喃酮，抑制F. oxysporum的生长并减少其孢子数量，P. indica防止病原菌定殖到根部

Cross-kingdom microbial interactions: S. morookaensis produces secondary compounds, xerucitrinin A and 6-pentyl-α-pyrone, which inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum and reduce its spore production. Meanwhile, P. indica prevents the pathogen from colonizing the roots

[48]

番茄

S. lycopersicum

灰葡萄孢霉

Botrytis cinerea

B. velezensis和异形根孢囊霉

B. velezensis and Rhizophagus irregularis

微生物跨界互作：B. velezensis能沿着R. irregularis真菌菌丝网络迁移并形成生物膜，而AM真菌能调控芽孢杆菌产生表面活性素使二者稳定共存，互作时能激活植物系统抗性以保护番茄免受地上部病害灰葡萄孢霉侵害

Cross-kingdom microbial interactions: B. velezensis can migrate along the hyphal network of R. irregularis and form biofilms, while AM fungi can regulate surfactant production by Bacillus, enabling stable coexistence between the two. During interaction, they can activate plant systemic resistance to protect tomatoes from the above-ground pathogen Botrytis cinerea

[75]

藏红花

Crocus sativus

F. oxysporum

皮尔瑞俄类芽孢杆菌 SR235和云南木霉菌 SR38

Paenibacillus peoriae SR235 and Trichoderma yunnanense SR38

微生物跨界互作：T. yunnanense SR38和P. peoriae SR235共培养发酵液中具有抗病性的有机酸(dl-3-苯乳酸、3-羟基癸酸、(2S)-2-异丙基苹果酸)，其含量比单一SR38或SR235菌株产生的高，从而激活植物免疫系统

Cross-kingdom microbial interactions: the fermentation broth co-cultured with T. yunnanense SR38 and P. peoriae SR235 contains disease-resistant organic acids (dl-3-phenyllactic acid, 3-hydroxydecanoic acid, and (2S)-2-isopropylmalate), which are present in higher amounts than those produced by a single SR38 or SR235 strain, thereby activating the plant’s immune system

[92]

辣椒

C. annuum

P. capsic

B. subtilis QST713 and T. harzianum T-22

微生物跨界互作：T. harzianum T-22和B. subtilis QST713联合处理增加辣椒中抗氧化酶以及酚类化合物含量，增强植物抵抗病原菌能力

Cross-kingdom microbial interactions: the combined treatment with T. harzianum T-22 and B. subtilis QST713 increases the content of antioxidant enzymes and phenolic compounds in peppers, enhancing the plant’s resistance to pathogens

[93]

烟草

Nicotiana tabacum

烟草疫霉菌

Phytophthora nicotianae

B. subtilis Tpb55 and T. asperellum HG1

微生物跨界互作：T. asperellum HG1和B. subtilis Tpb55共培养使T. asperellum HG1产生抗卵菌脂肪族化合物2E,4E-癸二烯酸含量增加，其能抑制多种植物病原菌

Cross-kingdom microbial interactions: co-culturing T. asperellum HG1 and B. subtilis Tpb55 increase the content of the anti-oomycete aliphatic compound 2E,4E-decadienoic acid produced by T. asperellum HG1, which can inhibit a variety of plant pathogens

[94-95]

番茄

S. lycopersicum

F. oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici

74种不同真菌：105种细菌(细菌:真菌的生物量比为4:1)

74 fungal strains: 105 bacterial strains (bacterial:fungal biomass ratio of 4:1)

微生物跨界互作：此跨界合成群落能够激活番茄茉莉酸和水杨酸信号通路，并且富集几丁质酶、木葡聚糖水解酶等在内的51条碳水化合物活性酶(carbohydrate-active enzyme, CAZyme)相关途径

Cross-kingdom microbial interactions: the cross-kingdom synthetic community activates both jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling pathways in tomato and enriches 51 carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme)-related pathways, including those for chitinases and xyloglucan hydrolases

[96]