Article(id=1226136786854916439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226136782408954119, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250554, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1752768000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1762790400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-11-11, onlineDate=1770263390506, onlineDateStr=2026-02-05, pubDate=1770134400000, pubDateStr=2026-02-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770263390506, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770263390506, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770263390506, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226136782408954119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='2', pageStart='481', pageEnd='955', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770263389446, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770268138976, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1226156703490683529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226136782408954119, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1226156703490683530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226136782408954119, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=644, endPage=658, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226136787131740519, articleId=1226136786854916439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Structural and functional responses of citrus rhizosphere soil microbiome to Huanglongbing stress, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To provide a theoretical basis for developing microbiome-based ecological control strategies against citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), a devastating bacterial disease seriously threatening the global citrus industry. [Methods] Rhizosphere soil samples from both HLB-infected and healthy citrus trees in Yizhang County, Hunan Province, were investigated. Using 16S rRNA gene and ITS region amplicon sequencing, we systematically analyzed the impact mechanism of HLB on the rhizosphere micro-ecosystem. [Results] The results showed that HLB infection significantly reduced the organic matter (6.65 g/kg) and available phosphorus (7.25 mg/kg) content of the rhizosphere soil compared with that of the healthy plants, and triggered a significant decrease in the alpha diversity of bacterial communities and a significant increase in the alpha diversity of fungal communities (P<0.05). Beta diversity analysis showed that HLB significantly altered the structure of the microbial communities. Specifically, the relative abundance of pro-biotic bacteria such as Pseudomonadota and Gemmatimonadota decreased, while oligotrophic Acidobacteriota and Chloroflexota were significantly enriched. In fungal communities, the abundance of saprophytic fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota increased by 5.32% and 7.38%, respectively, while the phylas Rozellomycota and Mortierellomycota decreased by 12.30% and 3.23%, respectively. HLB disrupted the rhizosphere microbial balance by inhibiting Rozellomycota, leading to excessive proliferation of saprophytic fungi and weakening the system’s disease resistance. Analysis at the order level further revealed that beneficial bacterial groups such as Burkholderiales and Hyphomicrobiales were significantly depleted, whereas stress-adaptive groups like Ktedonobacterales showed significant proliferation. PICRUSt2 analysis revealed that HLB disturbed the structure of the citrus rhizosphere bacterial community via metabolic pathways and genetic information processing. HLB also utilized saprophytic and ectomycorrhizal fungi to maintain soil health. [Conclusion] This study revealed that HLB affects soil microecological balance by remodeling the structure and function of citrus rhizosphere microorganisms, and the results may provide a theoretical basis for the development of ecological prevention and control strategies for HLB based on microbiome regulation.

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E-mail:
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【目的】 柑橘黄龙病作为毁灭性细菌病害严重威胁全球柑橘产业。本研究旨在为开发基于微生物组调控的黄龙病生态防控策略提供理论依据。 【方法】 以湖南宜章县黄龙病(Huanglongbing, HLB)感染与健康柑橘的根际土壤为研究对象,采用16S rRNA基因和ITS序列扩增子测序技术系统解析HLB对根际微生态系统的影响机制。 【结果】 与健康植株相比,HLB感染显著降低了根际土壤有机质(6.65 g/kg)和速效磷(7.25 mg/kg)含量,且引发细菌群落α多样性显著降低、真菌群落α多样性显著升高(P<0.05)。β多样性分析显示,HLB显著改变了微生物群落结构,具体表现为假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)和芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)等具有促生功能的细菌相对丰度降低,而寡营养型的酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)和绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexota)显著富集;在真菌群落中腐生菌子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)的丰度分别上升5.32%和7.38%,而罗兹菌门(Rozellomycota)和腐生菌被孢霉菌门(Mortierellomycota)的丰度分别下降12.30%和3.23%。HLB通过抑制罗兹菌门打破了根际微生态平衡,导致腐生菌过度增殖,削弱了系统的抑病能力。目水平分析进一步揭示:细菌功能类群中的伯克霍尔德氏菌目(Burkholderiales)、生丝微菌目(Hyphomicrobiales)等有益菌群显著耗竭,而纤线杆菌目(Ktedonobacterales)等适应逆境型类群显著增殖。PICRUSt2分析表明,HLB通过影响代谢途径和遗传信息处理来破坏柑橘根际细菌群落结构,并利用腐生菌和外生菌根真菌等维持土壤健康。 【结论】 本研究揭示了HLB通过重塑柑橘根际微生物的结构和功能影响土壤微生态平衡。

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作者贡献声明

汤宇晴:设计实验方案及撰写文章;蒋宇:有机质、全钾、全氮及全磷测定;赵升:R语言软件编写;刘单鹏:有效磷、碱解氮及速效钾测定;石淮毓:含水量及pH测定;周卫军:根际土壤样品数据测序;王远鹏:验证实验;欧阳凯:监督管理及修改文章。

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Seasonal dynamics and functional prediction of bacterial community in the rhizosphere of two suitable herbaceous species in the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2023, 43(23): 9699-9709 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226195569991926636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=19, issue=8, pageStart=461, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=57, authorNames=CHEN L, WANG XY, LIU RZ, WANG GY, journalName=Marine Drugs, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN L, WANG XY, LIU RZ, WANG GY. Culturable microorganisms associated with sea cucumbers and microbial natural products[J]. 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Frontiers in Microbiology, 2019, 10: 1636., articleTitle=Variations in soil functional fungal community structure associated with pure and mixed plantations in typical temperate forests of China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226195570365219706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=112, issue=6, pageStart=1226, pageEnd=1234, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=60, authorNames=WANG YH, DAI Y, KONG WL, ZHU mL, WU XQ, journalName=Phytopathology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG YH, DAI Y, KONG WL, ZHU mL, WU XQ. Improvement of Sphaeropsis shoot blight disease resistance by applying the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hymenochaete sp. Rl and mycorrhizal helper bacterium Bacillus pumilus HR10 to Pinus thunbergii [J]. 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Rl and mycorrhizal helper bacterium Bacillus pumilus HR10 to Pinus thunbergii, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1226195559359365624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, awardId=YSL-2025-ZY04026, language=EN, fundingSource=the Yuelushan Laboratory Breeding Program(YSL-2025-ZY04026), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226195559455834624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, awardId=YSL-2025-ZY04026, language=CN, fundingSource=岳麓山实验室种业专项项目(YSL-2025-ZY04026), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226195559594246667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, awardId=2024JJ5202, language=EN, fundingSource=the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2024JJ5202), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226195559732658708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, awardId=2024JJ5202, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省自然科学基金(2024JJ5202), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226195559833322010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, awardId=24A0163, language=EN, fundingSource=the Key Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education(24A0163), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226195559942373919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, awardId=24A0163, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省教育厅重点项目(24A0163), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226195560051425829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, awardId=42007021, language=EN, fundingSource=the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42007021), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226195560210809392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, awardId=42007021, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(42007021), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226195560332444216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, awardId=2020M672498, language=EN, fundingSource=the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M672498), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226195560454079036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, awardId=2020M672498, language=CN, fundingSource=中国博士后科学基金(2020M672498), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1226195550391943186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226195550400331797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, companyId=1226195550391943186, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226195550408720405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, companyId=1226195550391943186, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=湖南农业大学 资源学院,湖南 长沙)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1226195556331078043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Comparative analysis of shared and unique microbes in the citrus rhizosphere. A: Venn diagram of shared and unique bacterial species in the citrus rhizosphere between diseased (HLB) and healthy groups; B: Venn diagram of shared and unique fungal species in the citrus rhizosphere between diseased (HLB) and healthy groups., figureFileSmall=Z33wnoWBSIuQ2Thjec6kmQ==, figureFileBig=BPzzkNZ44uUdlHUnTJo3LA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195556465295778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, language=CN, label=图1, caption=柑橘根际共有与独有微生物的比较分析。A:病态组与健康组柑橘根际细菌共有与特有物种的韦恩图;B:病态组与健康组柑橘根际真菌共有与特有物种的韦恩图。, figureFileSmall=Z33wnoWBSIuQ2Thjec6kmQ==, figureFileBig=BPzzkNZ44uUdlHUnTJo3LA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195556595319208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Stacked bar plot showing the composition of major microbial taxa at the phylum and order levels in the citrus rhizosphere. A: Species composition and relative abundance of the citrus rhizosphere bacterial community at the phylum level between healthy and diseased (HLB) groups; B: Species composition and relative abundance of the citrus rhizosphere fungal community at the phylum level between healthy and diseased (HLB) groups; C: Species composition and relative abundance of the citrus rhizosphere bacterial community at the order level between healthy and diseased (HLB) groups; D: Species composition and relative abundance of the citrus rhizosphere fungal community at the order level between healthy and diseased (HLB) groups., figureFileSmall=7rpE0FF+ibVCd6zkcTPMoA==, figureFileBig=HpFFnOn3NjOFcsmtJ6Mtqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195556737925553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, language=CN, label=图2, caption=柑橘根际微生物主要门水平和目水平组成的堆叠柱状图。A:门水平下病态组与健康组柑橘根际细菌群落物种组成及相对丰度;B:门水平下病态组与健康组柑橘根际真菌群落物种组成及相对丰度;C:目水平下病态组与健康组柑橘根际细菌群落物种组成及相对丰度;D:目水平下病态组与健康组柑橘根际真菌群落物种组成及相对丰度。, figureFileSmall=7rpE0FF+ibVCd6zkcTPMoA==, figureFileBig=HpFFnOn3NjOFcsmtJ6Mtqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195556888920502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Analysis of alpha diversity and PCA in the citrus rhizosphere microbiome. A: Box plot showing differences in bacterial alpha diversity in the citrus rhizosphere between healthy and diseased (HLB) groups; B: Box plot showing differences in fungal alpha diversity in the citrus rhizosphere between healthy and diseased (HLB) groups; C: Principal component analysis of bacterial communities in the citrus rhizosphere between healthy and diseased (HLB) groups; D: Principal component analysis of fungal communities in the citrus rhizosphere between healthy and diseased (HLB) groups. * represents significant differences between diseased and healthy groups (*: P<0.05)., figureFileSmall=3TXbuPNg4SeZDdcZH9cJIQ==, figureFileBig=Bi4oASqMM5cSGPPuUPuWow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195557048304063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, language=CN, label=图3, caption=柑橘根际微生物α多样性与PCA分析。A:病态组与健康组柑橘根际细菌α多样性的差异箱线图;B:病态组与健康组柑橘根际真菌α多样性的差异箱线图;C:病态组与健康组柑橘根际细菌PCA分析;D:病态组与健康组柑橘根际真菌PCA分析。, figureFileSmall=3TXbuPNg4SeZDdcZH9cJIQ==, figureFileBig=Bi4oASqMM5cSGPPuUPuWow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195557199299018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=STAMP analysis of predicted microbial functions in the citrus rhizosphere. A: Differences in predicted bacterial functions in the citrus rhizosphere between healthy and diseased (HLB) groups; B: Differences in predicted fungal functions in the citrus rhizosphere between healthy and diseased (HLB) groups. The bar on the left indicates the relative abundance of the pathway, the dots on the right show the treatments that have high abundance under a particular pathway, and the rightmost number indicates the significance of the differences, with P<0.05 indicating that the difference is significant., figureFileSmall=EIIl2aLd/j/z8UNUFxbX4g==, figureFileBig=2adT6Y4+TVAIDsOL4lZjMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195557329322447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, language=CN, label=图4, caption=柑橘根际微生物潜在功能STAMP分析。A:病态组与健康组柑橘根际细菌的潜在功能差异;B:病态组与健康组柑橘根际真菌的潜在功能差异。左侧颜色条代表通路的相对丰度,右侧圆点表示在特定通路下具有较高丰度的处理组,最右侧的数值表示差异的显著性。, figureFileSmall=EIIl2aLd/j/z8UNUFxbX4g==, figureFileBig=2adT6Y4+TVAIDsOL4lZjMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195557409014230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Detection of HLB pathogen in healthy and symptomatic citrus plants by RT-qPCR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupSampleCLas Ct
HLB121.61±0.79
223.81±0.33
325.20±0.85
425.90±0.78
524.32±0.24
Healthy1N/A
2N/A
3N/A
4N/A
5N/A
), ArticleFig(id=1226195557530649053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

基于RT-qPCR的健康与病态柑橘植株黄龙病病原菌检测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupSampleCLas Ct
HLB121.61±0.79
223.81±0.33
325.20±0.85
425.90±0.78
524.32±0.24
Healthy1N/A
2N/A
3N/A
4N/A
5N/A
), ArticleFig(id=1226195557618729443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Soil physicochemical properties in the rhizosphere of healthy and symptomatic citrus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Soil propertiesHLBHealthyP
pH (1:2.5)5.29±0.065.33±0.080.493
SOM (g/kg)38.71±1.8645.36±2.400.019
TN (g/kg)1.60±0.321.92±0.030.166
TP (g/kg)0.56±0.120.60±0.070.679
TK (g/kg)9.74±2.466.79±0.980.126
AN (mg/kg)142.96±14.82130.43±2.960.224
AP (mg/kg)16.01±3.2323.26±1.740.027
AK (mg/kg)258.71±14.11247.50±16.070.415
), ArticleFig(id=1226195557849416171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136786854916439, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

病态与健康柑橘根际的土壤理化特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Soil propertiesHLBHealthyP
pH (1:2.5)5.29±0.065.33±0.080.493
SOM (g/kg)38.71±1.8645.36±2.400.019
TN (g/kg)1.60±0.321.92±0.030.166
TP (g/kg)0.56±0.120.60±0.070.679
TK (g/kg)9.74±2.466.79±0.980.126
AN (mg/kg)142.96±14.82130.43±2.960.224
AP (mg/kg)16.01±3.2323.26±1.740.027
AK (mg/kg)258.71±14.11247.50±16.070.415
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黄龙病胁迫下柑橘根际土壤微生物组结构与功能响应
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汤宇晴 , 蒋宇 , 赵升 , 刘单鹏 , 石淮毓 , 周卫军 , 王远鹏 , 欧阳凯
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(2): 644-658
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026, 66(2): 644-658
黄龙病胁迫下柑橘根际土壤微生物组结构与功能响应
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汤宇晴, 蒋宇, 赵升, 刘单鹏, 石淮毓, 周卫军, 王远鹏, 欧阳凯
作者信息
  • 湖南农业大学 资源学院,湖南 长沙
Structural and functional responses of citrus rhizosphere soil microbiome to Huanglongbing stress
Yuqing TANG, Yu JIANG, Sheng ZHAO, Shanpeng LIU, Huaiyu SHI, Weijun ZHOU, Yuanpeng WANG, Kai OUYANG
Affiliations
  • College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2026-02-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250554
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【目的】 柑橘黄龙病作为毁灭性细菌病害严重威胁全球柑橘产业。本研究旨在为开发基于微生物组调控的黄龙病生态防控策略提供理论依据。 【方法】 以湖南宜章县黄龙病(Huanglongbing, HLB)感染与健康柑橘的根际土壤为研究对象,采用16S rRNA基因和ITS序列扩增子测序技术系统解析HLB对根际微生态系统的影响机制。 【结果】 与健康植株相比,HLB感染显著降低了根际土壤有机质(6.65 g/kg)和速效磷(7.25 mg/kg)含量,且引发细菌群落α多样性显著降低、真菌群落α多样性显著升高(P<0.05)。β多样性分析显示,HLB显著改变了微生物群落结构,具体表现为假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)和芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)等具有促生功能的细菌相对丰度降低,而寡营养型的酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)和绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexota)显著富集;在真菌群落中腐生菌子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)的丰度分别上升5.32%和7.38%,而罗兹菌门(Rozellomycota)和腐生菌被孢霉菌门(Mortierellomycota)的丰度分别下降12.30%和3.23%。HLB通过抑制罗兹菌门打破了根际微生态平衡,导致腐生菌过度增殖,削弱了系统的抑病能力。目水平分析进一步揭示:细菌功能类群中的伯克霍尔德氏菌目(Burkholderiales)、生丝微菌目(Hyphomicrobiales)等有益菌群显著耗竭,而纤线杆菌目(Ktedonobacterales)等适应逆境型类群显著增殖。PICRUSt2分析表明,HLB通过影响代谢途径和遗传信息处理来破坏柑橘根际细菌群落结构,并利用腐生菌和外生菌根真菌等维持土壤健康。 【结论】 本研究揭示了HLB通过重塑柑橘根际微生物的结构和功能影响土壤微生态平衡。

柑橘  /  黄龙病  /  根际微生物  /  群落组成  /  功能预测分析

[Objective] To provide a theoretical basis for developing microbiome-based ecological control strategies against citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), a devastating bacterial disease seriously threatening the global citrus industry. [Methods] Rhizosphere soil samples from both HLB-infected and healthy citrus trees in Yizhang County, Hunan Province, were investigated. Using 16S rRNA gene and ITS region amplicon sequencing, we systematically analyzed the impact mechanism of HLB on the rhizosphere micro-ecosystem. [Results] The results showed that HLB infection significantly reduced the organic matter (6.65 g/kg) and available phosphorus (7.25 mg/kg) content of the rhizosphere soil compared with that of the healthy plants, and triggered a significant decrease in the alpha diversity of bacterial communities and a significant increase in the alpha diversity of fungal communities (P<0.05). Beta diversity analysis showed that HLB significantly altered the structure of the microbial communities. Specifically, the relative abundance of pro-biotic bacteria such as Pseudomonadota and Gemmatimonadota decreased, while oligotrophic Acidobacteriota and Chloroflexota were significantly enriched. In fungal communities, the abundance of saprophytic fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota increased by 5.32% and 7.38%, respectively, while the phylas Rozellomycota and Mortierellomycota decreased by 12.30% and 3.23%, respectively. HLB disrupted the rhizosphere microbial balance by inhibiting Rozellomycota, leading to excessive proliferation of saprophytic fungi and weakening the system’s disease resistance. Analysis at the order level further revealed that beneficial bacterial groups such as Burkholderiales and Hyphomicrobiales were significantly depleted, whereas stress-adaptive groups like Ktedonobacterales showed significant proliferation. PICRUSt2 analysis revealed that HLB disturbed the structure of the citrus rhizosphere bacterial community via metabolic pathways and genetic information processing. HLB also utilized saprophytic and ectomycorrhizal fungi to maintain soil health. [Conclusion] This study revealed that HLB affects soil microecological balance by remodeling the structure and function of citrus rhizosphere microorganisms, and the results may provide a theoretical basis for the development of ecological prevention and control strategies for HLB based on microbiome regulation.

citrus  /  Huanglongbing  /  rhizosphere microorganisms  /  community composition  /  functional prediction and analysis
汤宇晴, 蒋宇, 赵升, 刘单鹏, 石淮毓, 周卫军, 王远鹏, 欧阳凯. 黄龙病胁迫下柑橘根际土壤微生物组结构与功能响应. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (2) : 644 -658 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250554
Yuqing TANG, Yu JIANG, Sheng ZHAO, Shanpeng LIU, Huaiyu SHI, Weijun ZHOU, Yuanpeng WANG, Kai OUYANG. Structural and functional responses of citrus rhizosphere soil microbiome to Huanglongbing stress[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (2) : 644 -658 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250554
柑橘(citrus)作为芸香科中经济价值最高的树种,其全球栽培面积和产量长期位居水果产业榜首[1]。中国是世界柑橘生产的核心区域,2023年种植总面积约达303万hm2,总产量达6 433.8万t,占全国水果总产量的19.65%[2]。湖南省凭借约43万hm2的种植面积和678.3万t的年产量稳居全国第二大产区,其中郴州地区依托独特的亚热带季风气候和山地微域环境,形成了优质柑橘产业带[3]。然而,柑橘黄龙病的持续蔓延正严重威胁着产业根基,该病害由韧皮部杆菌(Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus)引发,通过柑橘木虱(Diaphorina citri Kuwayama)媒介传播,导致树势衰弱直至死亡,果实产量与品质大幅下降[4],造成我国年均数十亿元的直接经济损失[5],对种源资源库构成灭绝性风险[6]
目前,已有研究团队揭示了病原菌通过抑制寄主活性氧爆发和破坏韧皮部糖运输实现定殖的多元互作分子调控网络核心机制[7]。Zhao等[8]在蛋白调控通路方面取得突破,发现茉莉素信号通路核心转录因子MYC2及其互作E3泛素连接酶PUB21在抗病中的关键作用。当前黄龙病(HLB)防控仍面临双重困境:一方面,病原体不可体外培养的特性导致无法开展药物筛选、致病机制研究等基础实验[9];另一方面,传统化学防控存在抗药性增强和生态风险等问题[10]。虽然靶向脂质体递送[11]和新型抗生素组合[12]等创新技术在病原学与防控策略中取得阶段性成果,但尚未突破宿主-病原互作机制不清的核心瓶颈。这促使研究者将视角转向根际微生态调控——植物通过根系分泌物作用于根际土壤,动态调控微生物群落,形成“植物-土壤-微生物”互作网络。
土壤微生物是土壤生态系统中最活跃的部分,对土壤的形成发育、物质循环和肥力演变起着极为重要的作用[13]。根际微生物作为植物的“第二基因组”,是植物高效吸收养分的天然助手,其多样性和群落结构的变化直接影响植物生长、植物演替和其他关键功能[14-15]。研究表明,当植物遭受病原体侵染时会向根部传递信号,招募具有抗病和促生作用的有益微生物,从而调整根际微生物群落的组成,以最大限度提高后代在同一土壤中的生存几率[16]。例如,在枯萎病、黄花叶病等土传病害中病原菌的入侵会显著改变根际微生物的多样性、关键物种互作关系及功能基因表达谱[17-18]。HLB作为系统性侵染病害,其病原CLas虽定殖于宿主维管束,但最新研究发现,患HLB可显著重塑根际微生物群落结构[19],预示根际微生物互作网络可能在HLB病程中发挥关键调控作用。
目前,针对HLB植物-根际-微生物三者互作的研究仍处于起步阶段,尤其是柑橘根际土壤微生物群落的协同或拮抗效应对HLB抗性的调控机制尚未明晰。本研究以感染HLB和健康柑橘的根际土壤为对象,通过16S rRNA基因和ITS序列扩增子测序,结合R语言等生物信息学分析,系统解析柑橘根际细菌与真菌群落的组成、多样性及功能差异,揭示HLB胁迫下柑橘根际核心微生物组的动态响应规律,以期为构建“植物-微生物-环境”协同调控的生态防控体系提供理论依据,助力柑橘产业的绿色转型与可持续发展。
本研究于2024年8月22-23日在湖南省郴州市宜章县笆篱镇(112.8°E,25.1°N,海拔343 m)开展采样工作。采样地点为郴州展翔绿色农业发展有限公司的柑橘果园,该果园自2014年起采用起垄+生草模式栽培柑橘,属中亚热带湿润季风气候,年均气温19.9 ℃,昼夜温差大,年降水量1 600 mm,无霜期长,日照充足。土壤由板页岩风化物发育而成,为泥质红壤。根据患病柑橘树的田间外部症状(包括叶片斑驳黄化、枝梢异常及畸形果等典型黄龙病特征)和根部发育状况(包括根部退化腐烂、表皮脱落及须根颜色呈黑色至深棕色等),精准筛选健康与HLB感染的植株各5株作为研究对象。
采用空间均衡采样法,从每棵柑橘植株树冠的东、西、南、北4个方向采集叶片(每方向取上、中、下部叶片各1片),混合后作为1个代表性样品,每棵树共采集叶片12片,疑似病树优先采集斑驳黄化症状的叶片。采用五点取样法及抖落法采集根际土壤,具体操作如下:在未施肥区域以植株滴水线为界,按对角线法确定中心点及四角等距取样点;清除表层杂草及浮土后,挖掘0-40 cm剖面土层并完整取出植株根系;通过无菌手套拍打根系,收集紧密附着于根表的土壤;最后将5个取样点的土壤混合均匀,分装于无菌袋中,立即置于预冷至-80 ℃的冰盒中,转运至实验室,一部分保存于4 ℃的冰箱内,用于土壤理化性质的测定;另一部分保存于-80 ℃的冰箱中,用于测序。所有操作均在无菌条件下进行,采样工具使用75%乙醇消毒,每处理一个样本后更换手套,运输过程中保持冷链(<-40 ℃)以确保微生物群落稳定性。
土壤基本理化性质的测定参照鲍士旦[20]的研究方法进行。土壤pH用pH计测定(土壤与水的比例为1:2.5);土壤有机质(soil organic matter, SOM)采用重铬酸钾-外加热法测定;全氮(total nitrogen, TN)利用半微量凯氏蒸馏法,通过自动定氮仪测定;全钾(total potassium, TK)利用氢氧化钠熔融火焰光度法测定;全磷(total phosphorus, TP)采用氢氧化钠熔融-钼锑抗比色法测定;碱解氮(alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, AN)采用碱解扩散法,用硫酸亚铁滴定测定;速效钾(available potassium, AK)采用冷的2 mol/L HNO3溶液浸提-火焰光度法测定;有效磷(available phosphorus, AP)采用0.5 mol/L HCl-0.025 mol/L (1/2 H2SO4)浸提,钼锑抗比色法测定。
实时荧光定量逆转录PCR实验由成都天玑智研科技有限公司完成。将选取的柑橘叶片用纯水洗净,用吸水纸擦干,撕碎叶片中脉,放于研钵中,加入液氮研成粉末,取约200 mg碎屑装入1.5 mL离心管中。使用核酸提取试剂盒提取叶脉的总DNA,提取核酸后使用NanoDrop测得DNA浓度与质量。利用荧光染料法检测柑橘树黄龙病病菌,RT-qPCR反应引物由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成:上游引物5′-AG TCGAGCGCGTATGCGAAT-3′,下游引物5′-G CGTTATCCCGTAGAAAAAGGTAG-3′。反应体系(20 µL):2×AceQ Universal U+ Probe Master Mix v2 10 µL,上、下游引物(10 µmol/L)各0.5 µL,DNA模板0.5 µL,ddH2O 8.5 µL。反应条件:37 ℃污染消化2 min;95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性10 s,60 ℃退火30 s,共45个循环。
依据RT-qPCR鉴定结果(表1),将样本划分为健康组与病态组,每组各包含5棵柑橘植株。健康组由未检出黄龙病病原菌的植株构成,病态组则由确诊感染的植株构成。
16S rRNA基因和ITS序列扩增子测序由上海金翼生物科技有限公司完成。使用FastDNA SPIN Kit for Soil (MP Biomedicals公司),按说明书提取6个土壤样品的总基因组DNA。土壤DNA的总体大小通过1.0%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测基因组DNA的完整性,并利用NanoDrop 2000及Qubit 3.0分光光度计测定DNA浓度与纯度。采用引物515F (5′-GTGCCAGCMGCCG CGG-3′)和907R (5′-CCGTCAATTCMTTTRAGT TT-3′)扩增16S rRNA基因的V4-V5高变区,采用引物ITS1 (5′-CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGT AA-3′)和ITS2 (5′-GCTGCGTTCTTCATCGATG C-3′)扩增ITS rDNA基因的ITS1高变区,随后使用Illumina NovaSeq 6000测序仪进行双端测序。
原始读长序列在QIIME 2中处理[21],使用cutadapt插件修剪接头和引物序列。再使用QIIME 2软件的DADA2插件对数据进行质量过滤、降噪、拼接及去嵌合体,并基于扩增子序列变异(amplicon sequence variants, ASVs)进行序列聚类[22]。基于RDP数据库(http://rdp.cme.msu.edu/index.jsp) v11.5和UNITE数据库(https://unite.ut.ee/) v7.2,以置信度阈值0.8对ASV代表序列进行细菌和真菌物种注释。在R 4.4.2和Excel 2021中进行统计分析,采用IBM SPSS Statistics 27进行方差分析(analysis of variance, ANOVA),使用ggplot2包进行主成分(principal component analysis, PCA)分析,采用vegan包绘制柑橘根际微生物群落组成的堆积柱状图,采用ggVennDiagram包分析微生物的共有和特有物种,通过上海派森诺基因云平台绘制柑橘根际微生物α多样性差异箱线图,使用STAMP软件进行群落功能差异分析。
病态组与健康组柑橘根际土壤理化特征所示(表2),柑橘根际土壤呈酸性,感染HLB的柑橘根际土壤中,SOM (38.71 g/kg)和AP (16.01 mg/kg)的含量显著低于健康组柑橘根际土壤(SOM:45.36 g/kg;AP:23.26 mg/kg) (P<0.05)。pH和其他养分虽无显著差异,但均呈现出一定趋势:病态组在pH、TN和TP全量养分含量上稍低于健康组,在TK、AN和AK养分含量上略高于健康组。
本研究通过Venn图分析健康与病态组柑橘根际细菌及真菌群落的操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit, OTU)组成差异,揭示了HLB对微生物群落结构的特异性影响(图1)。病态组与健康组之间共有1 554个细菌OTUs;病态组特有2 671个细菌OTUs,占其总数的37.0%;健康组特有2 998个细菌OTUs,占其总数的41.5% (图1A)。病态组与健康组之间共有398个真菌OTUs;病态组特有959个真菌OTUs,占其总数的45.2%;健康组特有765个真菌OTUs,占其总数的36.1% (图1B)。
依据物种注释结果,将柑橘根际土壤微生物中丰度排名前9的物种定义为优势菌门,其余求和归为其他(others),并绘制堆积柱状图(图2)。本研究通过对比HLB感染与健康柑橘根际细菌及真菌群落在门、目水平上的组成差异,揭示了HLB感染对柑橘根际微生物群落组成的显著影响。在细菌门水平下,两组细菌群落组成基本相似,但相对丰度有所差异(图2A)。病态组与健康组柑橘根际细菌共有30个门,病态组有34个门;病态组与健康组根际细菌群落的优势菌门主要包括假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)、绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexota)、放线菌门(Actinomycetota)、浮霉状菌门(Planctomycetota)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、候选孤独菌门(Candidatus_Eremiobacterota);病态组在假单胞菌门和放线菌门的占比低于健康组,在酸杆菌门和绿屈挠菌门的占比显著高于健康组(P<0.05)。病态组与健康组柑橘根际真菌共有13个门,子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、罗兹菌门(Rozellomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、被孢霉菌门(Mortierellomycota)、壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)、球囊菌门(Glomeromycota)、毛霉菌门(Mucoromycota)、钙孢子菌门(Calcarisporiellomycota)为两组共有的显著优势菌门;其中病态组在子囊菌门和担子菌门的占比显著高于健康组,在罗兹菌门和被孢霉门的占比显著低于健康组(P<0.05) (图2B)。
纤线杆菌目(Ktedonobacterales)、地圆形菌目(Terriglobales)、弗兰克氏菌目(Frankiales)、埃尔斯特菌目(Elsterales)这4个细菌优势菌目在病态组的占比显著高于健康组(P<0.05);伯克霍尔德氏菌目(Burkholderiales)、生丝微菌目(Hyphomicrobiales)、嗜热球形菌目(Tepidisphaerales)、芽单胞菌目(Gemmatimonadales)、布氏菌目(Bryobacterales)这5个细菌优势菌目在病态组的占比显著低于健康组(图2C)。在目水平下,未定目罗兹菌门(Rozellomycota_ord_Incertae_sedis)、肉座菌目(Hypocreales)、被孢霉目(Mortierellales)、格孢腔菌目(Pleosporales)、曲孢菌目(Trechisporales)这5个真菌优势菌目在病态组的占比显著低于健康组(图2D),其中最明显的是Rozellomycota_ord_Incertae_sedis,二者相差12.19%;伞菌目(Agaricales)、粪壳菌目(Sordariales)、银耳目(Tremellales)、羊肚菌目(Cantharellales)这4个真菌优势菌目在病态组的占比显著高于健康组(P<0.05)。
本研究通过对比病态组与健康组柑橘根际中细菌与真菌群落的α多样性,揭示了HLB对根际微生物生态的差异化影响。α多样性分析结果显示(图3A3B),HLB感染显著改变了根际细菌与真菌群落的多样性特征,但其作用方向与强度在2类微生物群落中呈现明显差异。HLB感染显著降低了根际细菌群落的Shannon指数(P<0.05),表明其物种多样性及均匀度均受到抑制。值得注意的是,物种丰富度指标(Richness)在2组间未表现出显著差异(P=0.13),表明HLB优先影响群落内物种分布的均衡性,而非直接减少细菌物种总数(图3A)。与细菌相反,HLB感染显著提高了真菌群落的Richness及Shannon指数(P<0.05),表明其物种丰富度、多样性及均匀度均显著增加(图3B)。微生物β多样性能够反映感染HLB与健康柑橘根际土壤的微生物群落差异。本研究通过PCA分析对病态组与健康组柑橘根际细菌、真菌群落的β多样性进行了系统解析,柑橘根际健康组与病态组土壤无样本重叠。结果显示(图3C),PC1和PC2分别解释了79.0%和18.5%的群落差异,表明PC1是区分健康组与病态组微生物群落结构的主要驱动因子。柑橘根际真菌β多样性的PCA分析中(图3D),PC1和PC2分别解释了90.8%和6.3%的群落差异。PC1轴的超高贡献率表明,健康组与病态组的真菌群落结构差异极显著,且这种差异几乎完全由PC1轴驱动。
根据细菌群落的16S rRNA基因序列结果,基于PICRUSt2对HLB柑橘根际细菌群落功能进行预测,将预测结果与KEGG数据库进行比对,共获得33个二级通路功能基因(图4A)。在二级通路层面,病态组碳水化合物代谢(carbohydrate metabolism)、萜类和聚酮化合物代谢(metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides)、翻译(translation)、核苷酸代谢(nucleotide metabolism)以及蛋白质折叠、分选与降解(folding, sorting and degradation)的相对丰度显著高于健康组(P<0.05);而健康组在脂质代谢(lipid metabolism)、DNA复制与修复(replication and repair)、细胞运动(cell motility)、信号转导(signal transduction)、运输与分解代谢(transport and catabolism)、细胞群落-原核生物(cellular community-prokaryotes)、寄生虫性传染病(infectious disease: parasitic)、内分泌系统(endocrine system)、消化系统(digestive system)、心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease)及免疫疾病(immune disease)的相对丰度均显著高于病态组(P<0.05)。根据真菌群落的ITS rDNA序列结果,基于FUNGuild数据库进行黄龙病柑橘根际真菌群落功能预测,共主要获得腐生营养型(saprotroph)、病理营养型(pathotroph)、共生营养型(symbiotroph) 3大营养类型,可划分为17个小类型(图4B)。腐生菌与共生菌是柑橘真菌群落的主要营养模式,健康组的共生菌丰度显著高于HLB组,HLB组的腐生菌显著高于健康组。柑橘根际真菌功能预测分组显示未定义功能菌(undefined)占73.27%-76.32%、内生菌(endophyte)占8.48%-11.61%、未定义腐生菌(undefined saprotroph)占5.44%-7.21%、植物病原菌(plant pathogen)占1.34%-3.23%、动物病原菌(animal pathogen)占1.74%-3.14%、植物腐生菌(plant saprotroph)占0.16%-2.04%和凋落物腐生菌(litter saprotroph)占0.46%-1.03%等。其中,HLB组植物腐生菌、外生菌根真菌以及粪便腐生菌的相对丰度含量显著高于健康组(P<0.05),而健康组植物病原菌、凋落物腐生菌、真菌寄生菌和土壤腐生菌的相对丰度含量显著高于HLB组(P<0.05)。
植物根际是一个动态环境,其中许多因素可能影响定殖在根上的微生物群落结构和物种组成[23-24]。根际微生物群落通过对有机质分解和养分循环的影响,控制着许多对生态系统功能至关重要的地下过程[25]。同时,土壤微生物群落结构和功能的变化可显著影响这些过程的动态。本研究采用16S rRNA基因和ITS序列扩增子测序技术探讨了湖南郴州地区感染HLB和健康柑橘根际土壤的基本理化性质,并深入研究了黄龙病柑橘根际微生物群落组成、多样性和功能差异,明确了HLB对柑橘根际土壤微生物的影响,从而为调控柑橘根际微生物群落结构以最终防治黄龙病提供理论基础。
研究发现感染HLB柑橘根际与健康根际之间的理化性质差异显著,HLB显著改变了柑橘根际土壤中SOM和AP的养分含量,分别降低了6.65 g/kg、7.25 mg/kg,pH、TN及TP也有所下降(表2)。HLB使柑橘根际土壤养分相对贫瘠,微生物间竞争激烈,可能引发耐贫瘠物种逐渐取代高养分需求物种,导致微生物群落重组。这一发现与Tang等[26]关于黄连根腐病导致根际土壤有机质、速效磷及全量养分(全磷、全氮)显著降低的研究结果相互印证,证实了植物病原系统侵染对根际土壤养分循环过程的普遍干扰机制。因此进一步研究了黄龙病柑橘根际微生物群落结构及功能特征。Venn图共有和特有物种结果显示(图1),HLB降低了柑橘根际细菌独有物种数量,增加了柑橘根际真菌独有物种数量。从物种分类学角度看,病态组与健康组的微生物优势物种组成相似性较高,但优势物种的相对丰度存在显著差异(P<0.05)。在门水平下(图2),柑橘根际土壤细菌主要由假单胞菌门、绿屈挠菌门、放线菌门和酸杆菌门等组成,与前人研究结果相似[27]。在目水平下,HLB柑橘根际细菌优势菌目为纤线杆菌目、地圆形菌目、伯克霍尔德氏菌目及埃尔斯特菌目等,健康柑橘根际细菌优势菌目为纤线杆菌目、地圆形菌目、伯克霍尔德氏菌目、生丝微菌目等。病态组与健康组细菌优势菌目相似,但相对丰度存在显著差异。HLB降低了根际土壤放线菌门及促生型细菌中假单胞菌门和芽单胞菌门的相对丰度,显著增加了酸杆菌门和绿屈挠菌门等耐逆性细菌的相对丰度。这与目水平下HLB降低了假单胞菌门和芽单胞菌门中伯克霍尔德氏菌目、生丝微菌目、嗜热球形菌目及芽单胞菌目的相对丰度的结果一致,这些菌目在假单胞菌门和芽单胞菌门中充当核心促生菌目[28],表明黄龙病降低了柑橘根际的促生与拮抗功能[29]。放线菌门能产生种类繁多的抗生素,对调整土壤微生物生态平衡起着至关重要的作用[30]。同时,HLB提高了目水平下绿屈挠菌门与酸杆菌门中纤线杆菌目和地圆形菌目的相对丰度,绿屈挠菌门和酸杆菌门均被明确归类于寡营养型细菌[31-32],能够在土壤养分匮乏的环境中生存[33],这也证明了感染HLB的根际土壤相对贫瘠。真菌扩增子测序中,病态组与健康组柑橘根际共享的优势菌门包括子囊菌门、罗兹菌门、担子菌门及被孢霉菌门等,共享的优势菌目包括罗兹菌目、肉座菌目、被孢霉目及格孢腔菌目等。其中,子囊菌门和罗兹菌门是柑橘根际中数量最多的真菌门。HLB显著降低了根际土壤中罗兹菌门和被孢霉门的相对丰度,分别为12.30%、3.23%;而显著增加了子囊菌门与担子菌门的相对丰度(5.32%、7.38%),此结果也与胡志龙等[34]在根际土壤中得到的真菌群落组成类似。在目水平下,HLB显著降低了罗兹菌目、被孢霉目及子囊菌门中肉座菌目的相对丰度。罗兹菌门作为典型专性内寄生真菌,寄生土壤中的腐生真菌(如担子菌门和被孢霉菌门),限制其分解速率从而通过寄生关系维持群落结构的动态平衡[35]。然而,HLB使其丰度下降,寄生调控逐渐失效,导致腐生菌过度活跃。子囊菌门、担子菌门及被孢霉菌门均以腐生营养型为主,在降解纤维素、转化有机质及养分循环等方面发挥着重要的驱动作用[36-37]。这与FUNGuild功能预测中得出的HLB根际土壤腐生营养型真菌的相对丰度高于健康组的结果一致。然而,HLB感染下柑橘根际呈现出的抑病抗逆类被孢霉目和肉座菌目的相对丰度降低,可能间接降低了植物抗逆性[38-39]。HLB显著抑制了柑橘根际细菌的丰富度和多样性,而显著增加了根际真菌的丰富度、多样性及均匀度(图3A3B)。与Trivedi等[40]对比研究黄龙病与健康植株根际土壤微生物多样性差异的研究结果相似,且与植物促生菌的流失有关。PCA分析中(图3C3D),微生物PC1和PC2累计解释的变异较大,且健康组与病态组无样本重叠,表明HLB是群落分异的主因,改变了土壤根际微生物群落结构[41]
本研究在关注土壤微生物群落结构的同时,对其潜在功能开展了进一步的基础研究,以便更深入地了解HLB胁迫下柑橘根际生态逻辑演替的基础代谢通路变化。在细菌功能预测中,感染HLB使柑橘根际的碳水化合物代谢、萜类和聚酮化合物代谢、翻译、核苷酸代谢以及蛋白质折叠、分选与降解的相对丰度显著增加(图4)。这表明黄龙病通过代谢途径和遗传信息处理来破坏柑橘根际细菌群落的平衡。碳水化合物代谢能够分解、转化碳水化合物,提升土壤养分含量[42],萜类和聚酮化合物代谢的增强与细菌的次级代谢产物合成有关[43],这些产物可能参与了细菌与病原体的互作或环境适应过程,而翻译、核苷酸代谢和蛋白质折叠等通路的活跃则可能使细菌在病态环境中维持细胞结构和功能的能力增强。相反,健康组在脂质代谢、DNA复制与修复、细胞运动、信号转导、运输与分解代谢等通路的相对丰度显著高于病态组。这些通路在细菌的生长、繁殖和生态位竞争中扮演着重要角色[44],其丰度的降低可能反映了黄龙病对细菌群落的负面影响,导致细菌群落的结构和功能受损。在预测真菌功能分组中,植物腐生菌、粪便腐生菌及外生菌根真菌在HLB感染的柑橘根际土壤中丰度显著高于健康组。腐生菌通过分解有机物减少了土壤中有机物的积累,防止土壤酸化和病原菌的滋生,从而维持柑橘根际土壤的健康状态[45]。外生菌根真菌可以形成物理屏障,防止病原菌通过根际土壤侵入植物根系,进而提高抗逆性,减少植物病害的发生[46]。HLB感染下,柑橘根际土壤真菌群落通过提高腐生菌含量和增强抗逆防御性能力,表现出显著的适应性响应。
黄龙病(HLB)通过“菌群失衡-功能偏移-养分流失”级联效应重塑柑橘根际微生态。HLB感染显著改变根际土壤环境,导致根际土壤有机质与速效磷含量下降,触发寡营养胁迫环境;微生物群落结构呈现细菌多样性降低而真菌多样性升高的特征性变化,表现为促生功能菌群(如假单胞菌门、芽单胞菌门)的相对丰度下降,而耐逆性菌群(如酸杆菌门)显著富集。在功能菌群层面,伯克霍尔德氏菌目等有益微生物类群明显减少,纤线杆菌目等寡营养型类群则成为优势种群。HLB通过抑制罗兹菌门打破根际微生态平衡,导致腐生菌(尤其含病原类群)过度增殖,虽表观腐生功能丰度上升,实则削弱系统抑病能力。这种微生物群落的结构重组进一步导致其功能特征从“健康促生型”向“胁迫适应型”转变,具体表现为关键代谢通路活性改变和生态功能偏移。本研究系统阐明了HLB通过调控根际微生态加剧病害发展的作用机制,为发展基于微生物组的绿色防控技术提供了重要理论支撑,对实现柑橘产业可持续发展具有重要指导意义。
  • 岳麓山实验室种业专项项目(YSL-2025-ZY04026)
  • 湖南省自然科学基金(2024JJ5202)
  • 湖南省教育厅重点项目(24A0163)
  • 国家自然科学基金(42007021)
  • 中国博士后科学基金(2020M672498)
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2026年第66卷第2期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250554
  • 接收时间:2025-07-18
  • 首发时间:2026-02-05
  • 出版时间:2026-02-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-18
  • 录用日期:2025-11-11
基金
the Yuelushan Laboratory Breeding Program(YSL-2025-ZY04026)
岳麓山实验室种业专项项目(YSL-2025-ZY04026)
the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2024JJ5202)
湖南省自然科学基金(2024JJ5202)
the Key Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education(24A0163)
湖南省教育厅重点项目(24A0163)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42007021)
国家自然科学基金(42007021)
the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M672498)
中国博士后科学基金(2020M672498)
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    湖南农业大学 资源学院,湖南 长沙
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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