Article(id=1242093867890180256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242093864144666765, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240270, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1714147200000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1721318400000, acceptedDateStr=2024-07-19, onlineDate=1774067855092, onlineDateStr=2026-03-21, pubDate=1721750400000, pubDateStr=2024-07-24, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774067855092, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774067855092, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774067855092, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242093864144666765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='10', pageStart='3571', pageEnd='3997', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774067854200, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774067980255, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242094392937353679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242093864144666765, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242094392937353680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242093864144666765, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3980, endPage=3997, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242093868687098048, articleId=1242093867890180256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Effects of chlortetracycline addition on phosphorus transformation and availability mediated by phosphorus cycling microorganisms in soil applied with organic fertilizer, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To explore the effects of different concentrations of chlortetracycline on the characteristics of microbial communities involved in inorganic phosphorus (Pi) dissolution and organic phosphorus (Po) mineralization in the soil applied with organic fertilizer, focusing on soil P transformation and availability. [Methods] The purple soil collected from Tongnan District of Chongqing was used for a pot experiment with the addition of chicken manure as the organic fertilizer. Three chlortetracycline treatments (No-CTC, Low-CTC, and High-CTC) were designed with the addition levels of 0.0, 0.1, and 4.0 mg/kg, respectively. The soil samples were collected on days 7 (D7) and 30 (D30) after pepper ('Xinxiang 8') was planted. Real-time qPCR and Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing were employed to analyze the community characteristics of the bacteria carrying the key genes (pqqC and phoD) of Pi dissolution and Po mineralization, respectively. Furthermore, the sequencing results and biologically based P (BBP) fractionation were employed to examine the effects of CTC addition on soil P transformation. [Results] High-CTC increased the content of Citrate-P and Enzyme-P by 8.2% and 44.0%, respectively, compared with No-CTC on D7. Low-CTC and High-CTC increased the content of Enzyme-P by 44.0% and 65.6%, respectively, compared with No-CTC on D30. The addition of CTC suppressed alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and affected the community structures of pqqC and phoD-harboring bacteria in the soil. The Mantel test results showed that Citrate-P was significantly associated with the dominant pqqC-carrying taxa Pseudomonas, Geodermatophilus, and Saccharothrix on D7. The dominant phoD-carrying taxa Bradyrhizobium, Ensifer, and Skermanella exhibited notable correlations with Enzyme-P on D7, and such correlations weakened over time. The average degree of the community network of the bacteria carrying pqqC increased in the Low-CTC treatment and decreased in the High-CTC treatment on D7. The average degree of this network decreased in High-CTC and Low-CTC treatments on D30. The average degree of the community network of the bacteria carrying phoD decreased with the increase in CTC addition on D7, while this trend was opposite on D30. [Conclusion] The addition of CTC significantly affected soil Enzyme-P by regulating the community structure of pqqC- and phoD-carrying bacteria as well as acid phosphatase (ACP) and ALP activities, thereby affecting the P forms and availability in the soil. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of alterations in microbial communities associated with P cycling in the soil-plant system contaminated by CTC. Moreover, it lays a scientific foundation for enhancing nutrient utilization efficiency in the soil applied with antibiotics.

, correspAuthors=Ming LANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*LANG Ming, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jiangqin YIN, Jiaying LI, Shunli LIU, Xiaoyu XIE, Xinping CHEN, Ming LANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1242093872361308520, articleId=1242093867890180256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=金霉素添加对有机培肥土壤中磷循环微生物介导的磷素转化和有效性的影响, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】探究不同浓度金霉素的添加对有机培肥土壤中参与无机磷溶解和有机磷矿化微生物群落特征及其介导的土壤磷素转化和有效性机制的影响。【方法】选取重庆市潼南区紫色土为基质土进行盆栽试验,外源添加有机肥(鸡粪),设置3个浓度的金霉素处理:不添加金霉素(0.0 mg/kg, No-CTC),低浓度金霉素(0.1 mg/kg, Low-CTC),高浓度金霉素(4.0 mg/kg, High-CTC)处理,在辣椒(‘辛香8号’)种植后第7天和第30天采集土样,利用Real-time qPCR、Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,结合基于生物有效性磷组分(biologically based phosphorus, BBP)的磷分级等方法,探究不同浓度金霉素添加对无机磷溶解和有机磷矿化关键基因(分别为pqqCphoD基因)细菌的群落特征及其介导的土壤磷素转化机制的影响。【结果】在第7天仅高浓度金霉素处理增加了土壤Citrate-P和Enzyme-P含量,相对于未添加金霉素分别增加了8.2%和44.0%;高、低浓度金霉素处理在第30天均增加了Enzyme-P含量,相较于未添加金霉素处理分别增加了65.6%和44.0%。金霉素抑制了土壤碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, ALP)活性,显著影响了含pqqCphoD基因细菌的群落结构。基于Mantel检验结果表明,第7天Citrate-P与含pqqC基因的优势物种假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、地嗜皮菌属(Geodermatophilus)和糖丝菌属(Saccharothrix)显著相关,而含phoD基因的优势物种慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)、剑菌属(Ensifer)和斯克尔曼氏菌属(Skermanella)与Enzyme-P显著相关,随着处理时间的增加,其相关性均减弱。含pqqC基因细菌群落的网络平均度(average degree)在第7天低浓度金霉素处理时增加,高浓度时则降低,在第30天高、低浓度金霉素处理下其网络平均度均降低;然而,含phoD基因细菌群落的网络平均度在第7天随金霉素浓度增加而减弱,而第30天呈相反趋势。【结论】金霉素添加通过调控含pqqCphoD基因细菌群落结构,以及酸、碱性磷酸酶活性,显著影响了土壤Enzyme-P,进而影响了土壤中磷素的形态和有效性。本研究加深了金霉素污染对土壤-植物系统中磷循环相关微生物群落变化的认识,对抗生素施用下土壤中养分的高效利用提供科学依据。

, correspAuthors=郎明, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《微生物学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=kVaVodlE6+Wf1AygadQ5Yw==, magXml=nsuqMuIRc/56wmqEbngMFw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=5nyYDPrZnOfHy6GaNvMRFw==, pdfFileSize=1492221, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=If3fj/1qcxEnF5hxFRnmsg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=PMZViOJQp9sTCE94Lk+ypA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=尹江琴, 李佳颖, 刘顺莉, 谢小雨, 陈新平, 郎明)}, authors=[Author(id=1243285154463072508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093867890180256, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1243285154580513029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093867890180256, authorId=1243285154463072508, language=EN, stringName=Jiangqin YIN, firstName=Jiangqin, middleName=null, lastName=YIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Organic fertilization promotes crop productivity through changes in soil aggregation[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2022, 165:108533., articleTitle=Organic fertilization promotes crop productivity through changes in soil aggregation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243285162524525394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093867890180256, doi=10.1038/s41396-020-00796-8, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=15, issue=2, pageStart=550, pageEnd=561, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=The ISME Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FAN KK, DELGADO-BAQUERIZO M, GUO XS, WANG DZ, ZHU YG, CHU HY. Biodiversity of key-stone phylotypes determines crop production in a 4-decade fertilization experiment[J]. 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soil. A: pH. B: Total nitrogen. C: Available phosphorus. D: Organic carbon. Different capital letters (A, B) indicate the significant difference among the different sampling time, different lowercase letters (a, b, ab) above bars indicate the significant difference among the different concentrations of antibiotics at the same sampling time (P < 0.05)., figureFileSmall=M5lMVgbg5/WphHnesPXRbw==, figureFileBig=ZwGdlL9qnSteIh36OJblEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285159013892743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093867890180256, language=CN, label=图1, caption=金霉素添加对土壤基础理化性质的影响, figureFileSmall=M5lMVgbg5/WphHnesPXRbw==, figureFileBig=ZwGdlL9qnSteIh36OJblEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285159156499093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093867890180256, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Effect of different periods of growth and CTC concentration on different phosphorus forms in soil. A: CaCl2-P. B: Citrate-P. C: Enzyme-P. D: HCl-P. Different capital letters (A, B) indicate the significant difference among the different sampling time, different lowercase letters (a, b, ab) above bars indicate the significant difference among the different concentrations of antibiotics at the same sampling time (P < 0.05)., figureFileSmall=/9e2jRV5yM2iQPsW2hZQXA==, figureFileBig=Ll1II9PN0G6MxVw4Sga6FQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285159261356698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093867890180256, language=CN, label=图2, caption=金霉素添加对土壤不同磷素形态的影响, figureFileSmall=/9e2jRV5yM2iQPsW2hZQXA==, figureFileBig=Ll1II9PN0G6MxVw4Sga6FQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285159378797217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093867890180256, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Effect of different periods of growth and CTC concentration on phosphatase. A: Acid phosphatase (ACP) activity. B: ALP activity. Different capital letters indicate the significant difference among the different sampling time, different lowercase letters above bars indicate the significant difference among the different concentrations of antibiotics at the same sampling time (P < 0.05)., figureFileSmall=06x3+LxyJjmgAlUHVM3uJw==, figureFileBig=6deoKGFYn3rGPHiii5kMew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285159508820649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093867890180256, language=CN, label=图3, caption=金霉素添加对土壤磷酸酶活性的影响, figureFileSmall=06x3+LxyJjmgAlUHVM3uJw==, figureFileBig=6deoKGFYn3rGPHiii5kMew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285159622066865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093867890180256, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Effect of different periods of growth and CTC concentration on pqqC (A) and phoD (B) gene copy numbers, and Shannon index (C, D). Different capital letters indicate the significant difference among the different sampling time, different lowercase letters above bars indicate the significant difference among the different concentrations of antibiotics at the same sampling time (P < 0.05)., figureFileSmall=RyMIHzEo2mTcveEtZBRzKw==, figureFileBig=j3wXEQg8mpVo+zMckC2jUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285159743701689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093867890180256, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同采样时期金霉素添加对pqqC (A)和phoD (B)基因拷贝数及香农指数(C、D)的影响, figureFileSmall=RyMIHzEo2mTcveEtZBRzKw==, figureFileBig=j3wXEQg8mpVo+zMckC2jUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285159840170688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093867890180256, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=PCoA analysis of pqqC and phoD harboring bacterial communities of different periods of growth and CTC concentration. A: pqqC. B: phoD., figureFileSmall=S05jkT1wUAyT84SlZEVQSQ==, figureFileBig=voL/RSWRL5i0IGjIwlXDfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285159982777038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093867890180256, language=CN, label=图5, caption=金霉素添加在不同采样时期的主成分分析, figureFileSmall=S05jkT1wUAyT84SlZEVQSQ==, figureFileBig=voL/RSWRL5i0IGjIwlXDfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160108606165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093867890180256, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Effect of different periods of growth and CTC concentration of the pqqC and phoD harboring bacterial community composition on genus level (relative abundance > 0.01). A: pqqC. B: phoD., figureFileSmall=XBc7i1H6mJrHIHhK6Cs2iQ==, figureFileBig=hkKCF+PqAIwrTTgyFXzNtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160230240989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093867890180256, language=CN, label=图6, caption=金霉素添加对含pqqCphoD细菌属水平群落组成分析(相对丰度 > 0.01), figureFileSmall=XBc7i1H6mJrHIHhK6Cs2iQ==, figureFileBig=hkKCF+PqAIwrTTgyFXzNtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160322515684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093867890180256, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Microbial interaction network of pqqC-harboring and phoD-harboring bacterial community under different periods of growth and CTC concentration. The network of pqqC-harboring bacterial of No-CTC (A), Low-CTC (B), High-CTC (C) on D7. The network of pqqC-harboring bacterial of No-CTC (D), Low-CTC (E), High-CTC (F) on D30. The network of phoD-harboring bacterial of No-CTC (G), Low-CTC (H), High-CTC (I) on D7. The network of phoD-harboring bacterial of No-CTC (J), Low-CTC (K), High-CTC (L) on D30., figureFileSmall=LY7zMjIQBnWb86BqHZ+dJw==, figureFileBig=3f+rnH10pGdClGNgdIdKkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160452539111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093867890180256, language=CN, label=图7, caption=金霉素添加在不同时期对含pqqC基因和phoD基因细菌群落的网络互作关系, figureFileSmall=LY7zMjIQBnWb86BqHZ+dJw==, figureFileBig=3f+rnH10pGdClGNgdIdKkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160603534065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093867890180256, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Mantel test between different phosphorus forms, available phosphorus content and pqqC and phoD bacteria dominant genera (relative abundance top 10) under different periods of CTC addition conditions. A: The Mantel test of pqqC-harboring bacterial on D7. B: The Mantel test of pqqC-harboring bacterial on D30. C: The Mantel test of phoD-harboring bacterial on D7. D: The Mantel test of phoD-harboring bacterial on D30., figureFileSmall=Mif/0rIEmYGP7GPxaiGWpA==, figureFileBig=+GKsZHLKAHQab2LsvRATEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160720974584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093867890180256, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同时期金霉素添加条件下不同磷形态、速效磷含量与含pqqCphoD细菌优势属(相对丰度前10)之间的蒙特检验, figureFileSmall=Mif/0rIEmYGP7GPxaiGWpA==, figureFileBig=+GKsZHLKAHQab2LsvRATEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160867775234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093867890180256, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Model diagram of the effect of CTC on soil microorganisms related to P cycle and soil P transformation., figureFileSmall=GoV6slqeH9OE9eqHvMwsqw==, figureFileBig=tKb/aCe7NIPspOLXuSEEvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160976827143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093867890180256, language=CN, label=图9, 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金霉素添加对有机培肥土壤中磷循环微生物介导的磷素转化和有效性的影响
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尹江琴 1, 2 , 李佳颖 1, 2 , 刘顺莉 1, 2 , 谢小雨 1, 2 , 陈新平 1, 2, 3, 4 , 郎明 1, 2, 3, 4, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(10): 3980-3997
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(10): 3980-3997
金霉素添加对有机培肥土壤中磷循环微生物介导的磷素转化和有效性的影响
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尹江琴1, 2, 李佳颖1, 2, 刘顺莉1, 2, 谢小雨1, 2, 陈新平1, 2, 3, 4, 郎明1, 2, 3, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1 西南大学 资源环境学院, 重庆市土肥资源高效利用重点实验室, 重庆 400715
  • 2 西南大学, 长江经济带农业绿色发展研究中心, 重庆 400715
  • 3 西南大学, 西南山地绿色低碳重点实验室, 重庆 400715
  • 4 西南大学, 农业科学研究院, 重庆 400715
Effects of chlortetracycline addition on phosphorus transformation and availability mediated by phosphorus cycling microorganisms in soil applied with organic fertilizer
Jiangqin YIN1, 2, Jiaying LI1, 2, Shunli LIU1, 2, Xiaoyu XIE1, 2, Xinping CHEN1, 2, 3, 4, Ming LANG1, 2, 3, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
  • 2 Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
  • 3 Key laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southwestern, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
  • 4 Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
出版时间: 2024-07-24 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240270
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【目的】探究不同浓度金霉素的添加对有机培肥土壤中参与无机磷溶解和有机磷矿化微生物群落特征及其介导的土壤磷素转化和有效性机制的影响。【方法】选取重庆市潼南区紫色土为基质土进行盆栽试验,外源添加有机肥(鸡粪),设置3个浓度的金霉素处理:不添加金霉素(0.0 mg/kg, No-CTC),低浓度金霉素(0.1 mg/kg, Low-CTC),高浓度金霉素(4.0 mg/kg, High-CTC)处理,在辣椒(‘辛香8号’)种植后第7天和第30天采集土样,利用Real-time qPCR、Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,结合基于生物有效性磷组分(biologically based phosphorus, BBP)的磷分级等方法,探究不同浓度金霉素添加对无机磷溶解和有机磷矿化关键基因(分别为pqqCphoD基因)细菌的群落特征及其介导的土壤磷素转化机制的影响。【结果】在第7天仅高浓度金霉素处理增加了土壤Citrate-P和Enzyme-P含量,相对于未添加金霉素分别增加了8.2%和44.0%;高、低浓度金霉素处理在第30天均增加了Enzyme-P含量,相较于未添加金霉素处理分别增加了65.6%和44.0%。金霉素抑制了土壤碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, ALP)活性,显著影响了含pqqCphoD基因细菌的群落结构。基于Mantel检验结果表明,第7天Citrate-P与含pqqC基因的优势物种假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、地嗜皮菌属(Geodermatophilus)和糖丝菌属(Saccharothrix)显著相关,而含phoD基因的优势物种慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)、剑菌属(Ensifer)和斯克尔曼氏菌属(Skermanella)与Enzyme-P显著相关,随着处理时间的增加,其相关性均减弱。含pqqC基因细菌群落的网络平均度(average degree)在第7天低浓度金霉素处理时增加,高浓度时则降低,在第30天高、低浓度金霉素处理下其网络平均度均降低;然而,含phoD基因细菌群落的网络平均度在第7天随金霉素浓度增加而减弱,而第30天呈相反趋势。【结论】金霉素添加通过调控含pqqCphoD基因细菌群落结构,以及酸、碱性磷酸酶活性,显著影响了土壤Enzyme-P,进而影响了土壤中磷素的形态和有效性。本研究加深了金霉素污染对土壤-植物系统中磷循环相关微生物群落变化的认识,对抗生素施用下土壤中养分的高效利用提供科学依据。

金霉素  /  有机培肥  /  pqqC基因  /  phoD基因  /  网络特征  /  有机磷矿化  /  无机磷溶解

[Objective] To explore the effects of different concentrations of chlortetracycline on the characteristics of microbial communities involved in inorganic phosphorus (Pi) dissolution and organic phosphorus (Po) mineralization in the soil applied with organic fertilizer, focusing on soil P transformation and availability. [Methods] The purple soil collected from Tongnan District of Chongqing was used for a pot experiment with the addition of chicken manure as the organic fertilizer. Three chlortetracycline treatments (No-CTC, Low-CTC, and High-CTC) were designed with the addition levels of 0.0, 0.1, and 4.0 mg/kg, respectively. The soil samples were collected on days 7 (D7) and 30 (D30) after pepper ('Xinxiang 8') was planted. Real-time qPCR and Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing were employed to analyze the community characteristics of the bacteria carrying the key genes (pqqC and phoD) of Pi dissolution and Po mineralization, respectively. Furthermore, the sequencing results and biologically based P (BBP) fractionation were employed to examine the effects of CTC addition on soil P transformation. [Results] High-CTC increased the content of Citrate-P and Enzyme-P by 8.2% and 44.0%, respectively, compared with No-CTC on D7. Low-CTC and High-CTC increased the content of Enzyme-P by 44.0% and 65.6%, respectively, compared with No-CTC on D30. The addition of CTC suppressed alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and affected the community structures of pqqC and phoD-harboring bacteria in the soil. The Mantel test results showed that Citrate-P was significantly associated with the dominant pqqC-carrying taxa Pseudomonas, Geodermatophilus, and Saccharothrix on D7. The dominant phoD-carrying taxa Bradyrhizobium, Ensifer, and Skermanella exhibited notable correlations with Enzyme-P on D7, and such correlations weakened over time. The average degree of the community network of the bacteria carrying pqqC increased in the Low-CTC treatment and decreased in the High-CTC treatment on D7. The average degree of this network decreased in High-CTC and Low-CTC treatments on D30. The average degree of the community network of the bacteria carrying phoD decreased with the increase in CTC addition on D7, while this trend was opposite on D30. [Conclusion] The addition of CTC significantly affected soil Enzyme-P by regulating the community structure of pqqC- and phoD-carrying bacteria as well as acid phosphatase (ACP) and ALP activities, thereby affecting the P forms and availability in the soil. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of alterations in microbial communities associated with P cycling in the soil-plant system contaminated by CTC. Moreover, it lays a scientific foundation for enhancing nutrient utilization efficiency in the soil applied with antibiotics.

chlortetracycline  /  application with organic fertilizer  /  pqqC  /  phoD  /  network characteristics  /  organic phosphorus mineralization  /  inorganic phosphorus dissolution
尹江琴, 李佳颖, 刘顺莉, 谢小雨, 陈新平, 郎明. 金霉素添加对有机培肥土壤中磷循环微生物介导的磷素转化和有效性的影响. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (10) : 3980 -3997 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240270
Jiangqin YIN, Jiaying LI, Shunli LIU, Xiaoyu XIE, Xinping CHEN, Ming LANG. Effects of chlortetracycline addition on phosphorus transformation and availability mediated by phosphorus cycling microorganisms in soil applied with organic fertilizer[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (10) : 3980 -3997 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240270
有机培肥是提高耕地质量的重要手段之一。在农业生产中,有机无机肥配施可抑制土壤中病原物的滋生,同时激活有益微生物群[1],促进土壤团聚体的形成[2],并通过提升土壤有机质含量[3]等途径提升土壤质量、提高土壤肥力,从而维持农业生态系统的生产力和可持续性。因此,合理配施有机肥是降低肥料投入,提高肥料养分利用率,促进农业可持续健康发展的关键措施。然而,施用有机肥会直接导致土壤中存在大量的抗生素[4]。中国位列全球抗生素产量之首,消费占比高达全球一半,是最大的抗生素生产国和出口国。据报道,2020年中国抗生素需求量为13.8万t,其中兽用抗生素使用量达3.3万t[5]。Li等[6]对北京地区畜禽粪便中四环素类抗生素进行调查发现,土霉素、四环素、金霉素的检出率分别为100.0%、84.2%、99.0%,平均含量分别为2.1、0.4、2.5 mg/kg。Hou等[7]检测到天津地区施用了粪肥的农田土壤中的金霉素含量最高达10 967.1 μg/kg,抗生素的残留浓度远远超过了欧盟规定的100 μg/kg的阈值。总体来说,这些抗生素随畜禽粪肥等进入到土壤与河流等自然环境中,造成农田土壤抗生素污染积累,对生态环境和人体健康构成了潜在的威胁。
金霉素(chlortetracycline, CTC)作为四环素类抗生素残留在土壤中会影响酶活性和微生物的群落组成。刘吉强等[8]研究表明,在种植油菜的土壤中添加四环素溶液,对土壤蛋白酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶的活性具有阶段性的抑制作用。杨思德等[9]研究表明,在玉米种植体系中,随着金霉素浓度的增加,其对土壤中碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, ALP)活性抑制越来越明显。Zielezny等[10]研究发现,金霉素在培养基中抑制了部分土壤细菌分离株的生长。Santás-Miguel等[11]对金霉素在土壤细菌群落的毒性进行了42 d的研究发现,金霉素对细菌群落的生长有负效应,这种效应随培养时间的延长而减弱。Fang等[12]研究了金霉素对土壤微生物群落的影响,结果发现5个潜在优势的金霉素耐药菌属:芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、放线杆菌属(Actinobacillus)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium)、棒杆菌属(Corynebacterium),这5个菌属的丰度随金霉素浓度增加而增加。然而Song等[13]发现,金霉素诱导了潮土中原生生物:链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、PseudomonasBacillus、红球菌属(Rhodococcus)、类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)产生耐药性。总之,土壤中金霉素的存在抑制了酶活性,影响了土壤中微生物的群落结构以及特殊菌群的功能。土壤C: N: P是驱动微生物群落组成和限制生物地球化学循环的一个重要因素,目前关于金霉素与最重要的能量(C)和养分(N、P)循环相关的特定微生物类群的活性,以及微生物群落结构方面的信息比较匮乏,所以金霉素如何影响土壤中养分循环的微生物种群,并最终影响土壤C: N: P是至关重要的[14-15],而且金霉素随着时间的变化特性仍需要进一步探究,因此,探究金霉素添加随着时间对土壤养分循环有关的特定微生物组成及结构的影响,对于发挥土壤功能具有重要意义。
微生物能通过溶解无机磷和矿化有机磷过程获取磷[16],土壤中磷素溶解以及矿化过程对微生物群落在驱动土壤磷素转化和调节磷素有效性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。此前,pqqpho基因分别被确定为磷素溶解菌和磷素矿化菌的潜在生物学指标,土壤pqqC基因被普遍用作无机溶磷菌的有效标记基因,它有助于葡萄糖酸的产生,对于土壤无机磷溶解起着至关重要的作用[17]。Hu等[18]研究发现,pqqC基因丰度与土壤中磷酸酶活性、玉米植株吸磷量和产量具有显著相关性,表明pqqC基因与土壤磷素的转化和吸收密切相关。有机磷矿化过程主要由含编码碱性磷酸酶基因(phoD)的微生物介导,研究发现在水稻体系中参与有机磷矿化过程的含功能基因phoD细菌的丰度和群落组成会直接影响土壤中的磷酸酶活性,进而影响土壤中磷的有效性[19]。因此,pqqCphoD基因对于土壤磷循环具有重要意义,此外,目前金霉素对土壤磷循环相关的微生物类群的研究较少,对磷循环功能基因及磷循环功能微生物的影响机制暂不明确,因此探究金霉素施用如何对与磷循环有关的pqqCphoD基因微生物群落产生影响的机理非常关键。
在本研究中,主要关注了金霉素对土壤中磷循环相关的微生物类群的影响,在有机培肥条件下研究低浓度金霉素和高浓度金霉素添加对作物生长、土壤性质、磷素形态的影响,并分析不同浓度、不同时期金霉素对土壤无机磷溶解功能微生物(pqqC)和有机磷矿化功能微生物(phoD)群落特征变化的影响,本研究有助于更加深入地理解金霉素对磷相关细菌群落生长情况的影响,这对于研究金霉素对土壤养分循环的影响具有重要意义,为抗生素施用下土壤中养分的高效利用提供科学依据。
盆栽试验于2023年4−8月在西南大学国家紫色土肥力与肥料效益监测基地温室大棚进行(29°48′45″N, 106°24′31″E)。选取重庆市潼南区紫色土,研磨风干过5 mm筛备用。土壤基本理化性质:pH 7.8,土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon, SOC) 3.8 g/kg,速效磷(available phosphorus, AP) 15.1 mg/kg,全氮(total nitrogen, TN) 1.2 g/kg。鸡粪有机肥过5 mm筛,底肥为尿素(含N 46%),供试磷、钾肥分别为过磷酸钙(含P2O5 12%)和硫酸钾(含K2O 50%)。
抗生素选取四环素类抗生素金霉素(chlortetracycline, CTC),购自Sigma-Aldrich公司。试验设计3个金霉素浓度水平,浓度分别设置为不添加金霉素(No-CTC:0.0 mg/kg)、低浓度金霉素(Low-CTC:0.1 mg/kg)、高浓度金霉素(High-CTC:4.0 mg/kg),供试作物为辣椒(品种为‘辛香8号’),育苗后待辣椒长至6叶期进行移栽,挑选长势均匀的辣椒幼苗,辣椒根系去除基质,蒸馏水清洗后移栽于盆钵。
试验采用塑料盆钵,内径22 cm,每盆装土4 kg。配制不同浓度金霉素标液,将风干土平铺于塑料布上,用喷雾器喷洒不同浓度的金霉素标液,同时不断翻搅,使土壤与金霉素充分混匀。加蒸馏水调节处理后的土壤含水量,水的质量分数为65%,随后装入培养盆中。选择生长状况相同的辣椒幼苗进行移栽,每盆3株,每个处理4个重复,共计12盆。作物生长期间定期浇水,使土壤田间持水量保持在65%左右。
盆栽试验开始后在第7天采集土壤样品,第30天采集土壤样品、植株样品。用20 mm孔径土钻采集盆栽中的土样,将同一个盆栽中采集到的土壤充分混匀即为一个样本,部分土样置于通风处风干,磨碎,过筛用于后续理化测定,部分土样放−20 ℃保存。
土壤pH值采用酸度计法测定,水土比为2.5:1;土壤有机质采用重铬酸钾容重法测定;土壤速效磷采用钼锑抗比色法测定;土壤全氮采用凯氏定氮法测定[20]。土壤磷素分级采用结合基于生物有效性磷组分的磷分级方法(biologically based phosphorus, BBP)[21]。有4种不同的磷形态,分别为CaCl2-P (氯化钙提取态磷)模拟自由扩散和根基截留的磷;Citrate-P (柠檬酸提取磷)模拟可被有机酸活化和无机酸弱结合的无机磷(包括Ca-P、Al-P和Fe-P);Enzyme-P (酶提取态磷)模拟酶矿化的有机磷;HCl-P (盐酸提取态磷)模拟难利用磷库。土壤酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶分别参照土壤酸性磷酸酶(S-ACP)试剂盒及土壤碱性磷酸酶(S-AKP/ALP)测试盒说明书测定(苏州梦犀生物医药科技有限公司)。
参照FastDNA SPIN Kit for Soil (MP Bio公司)说明书提取土壤总DNA,然后取适量样品进行检测,进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳以检验DNA提取质量。使用NanoDrop 2000核酸检测仪(NanoDrop Technologies公司)测定所提DNA样品浓度及纯度。
采用Real-time qPCR法检测样本中pqqCphoD基因的绝对含量。使用引物ApqqCF (5′-AACCGCTTCTACTACCAG-3′)和ARpqqCR (5′-GCGAACAGCTCGGTCAG-3′)[22]扩增pqqC基因,扩增片段大小为306 bp。PCR反应体系(20 μL):2×ChamQ SYBR Color qPCR Master Mix 10 μL (南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司),正、反向引物(5 μmol/L)各0.8 μL,50×ROX Reference Dye Ⅱ 0.4 μL,DNA 2 μL,灭菌水(ddH2O) 6 μL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃ 3 min;95 ℃ 5 s,58 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 1 min,共40个循环。使用引物ALPs-F730 (5′-CAGTGGGACGACCAC GAGGT-3′)和ALPs-1101 (5′-GAGGCCGATCGG CATGTCG-3′)扩增[23] phoD基因,扩增片段大小为371 bp。PCR反应体系(20 μL):2×ChamQ SYBR Color qPCR Master Mix (南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司) 10 μL,正、反向引物(5 μmol/L)各0.8 μL,50×ROX Reference Dye Ⅱ 0.4 μL,DNA 2 μL,灭菌水(ddH2O) 6 μL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃ 3 min;95 ℃ 5 s,58 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 1 min,共40个循环。
使用1%琼脂糖凝胶回收PCR产物,随后采用DNA凝胶提取试剂盒(Axygen Biosciences公司)进行纯化,以Tris-HCl缓冲液洗脱,最后以2%琼脂糖电泳检测。使用Illumina MiSeq平台进行高通量测序,Illumina测序得到的原始测序序列使用fastp (v0.19.6)软件根据测序质量对双端reads进行质控和过滤质控,同时根据双端reads之间的overlap关系使用FLASH (v1.2.7)软件进行拼接,获得质控拼接之后的优化数据。然后使用序列降噪方法(DADA2/Deblur等)处理优化数据,获得扩增子序列变体(amplicon sequence variant, ASV)代表序列和丰度信息。采用RDP classifier贝叶斯算法对ASV代表序列进行分类学分析,获得ASV在分类水平的注释信息,原始数据提交到NCBI数据库,序列号为PRJNA1104379。
数据统计使用Excel 2016进行,土壤理化等数据Spearman相关性分析、多因素方差分析、显著性检验基于SPSS (v20)分析软件和R (v4.1.1)分析软件。细菌群落的α多样性基于ASV丰度矩阵计算细菌群落的香农指数。细菌群落结构基于Bray-Curtis在ASV水平上进行主坐标分析(principal coordinate analysis, PCoA)。
用相对丰度 > 0.01%的ASV构建网络,并通过SparCC相关矩阵计算相关系数;对相关数据进行过滤,将相关阈值为0.8且P < 0.05数据进行网络构建,之后通过Gephi软件可视化,进而计算网络拓扑性质,包括节点数、连接数、节点度、网络密度、聚类系数等。其中网络中节点的大小与节点度成比例呈现,将网络节点排序前10的微生物类群作为关键类群。将细菌属水平上相对丰度排名前10的物种定义为优势类群。
同一时期内不同浓度的金霉素添加对土壤pH值无显著影响(图1A)。土壤全氮含量仅在第30天时High-CTC显著高于No-CTC和Low-CTC处理,相较于No-CTC和Low-CTC处理均增加了20.3% (图1B)。在第7天High-CTC的土壤速效磷含量相较于No-CTC增加了16.6%,而在第30天High-CTC的土壤速效磷含量相较于No-CTC增加了26.6%,在两个采样时期No-CTC处理速效磷含量均最低,表明金霉素添加增加了土壤AP含量(图1C)。土壤有机碳含量在第7天金霉素处理有增加趋势,第30天High-CTC处理相较于Low-CTC增加了16.1% (图1D)。
四种形态磷素组分含量由高到低为Citrate-P、HCl-P、Enzyme-P、CaCl2-P。其中Citrate-P为活性无机磷,含量较高,HCl-P为难溶磷组分,Enzyme-P为活性有机磷组分,CaCl2-P为土壤中水溶性磷组分,与其他组分相比含量较低。从采样时期上看,CaCl2-P、Citrate-P和Enzyme-P这3种磷素组分随采样时期增加含量显著降低,而HCl-P含量在第7天不受金霉素添加影响,在第30天High-CTC处理较No-CTC降低了30.0% (图2)。其中CaCl2-P含量在第7天不受金霉素处理影响,第30天仅Low-CTC处理的CaCl2-P含量较No-CTC增加了44.8%,而High-CTC处理较No-CTC和Low-CTC处理变化不显著;Citrate-P含量在第7天High-CTC处理中显著高于No-CTC和Low-CTC处理,其含量分别增加了8.2%和7.6%。第30天金霉素添加对Citrate-P含量无显著影响;在第7天High-CTC的Enzyme-P含量相对于No-CTC增加了44.0%,第30天Low-CTC和High-CTC的Enzyme-P含量较No-CTC分别增加了44.0% 和65.6%。
金霉素处理对碱性磷酸酶的影响大于酸性磷酸酶(图3),在第7天Low-CTC和High-CTC处理中碱性磷酸酶活性均显著低于No-CTC,分别降低了35.0%、16.3%。在第30天Low-CTC和High-CTC的碱性磷酸酶活性较No-CTC分别降低了14.6%、20.6%。酸性磷酸酶活性在第7天Low-CTC处理显著低于No-CTC,降低了37.5%,第30天金霉素处理对酸性磷酸酶活性影响不大。
Low-CTC和High-CTC处理在第7天或第30天对pqqC基因拷贝数、phoD基因拷贝数影响均不显著(图4A4B)。
用香农指数表征含pqqCphoD基因细菌群落α多样性(图4C4D)。Low-CTC和High-CTC添加在第7天和第30天对含pqqCphoD基因细菌群落α多样性影响均不显著。
基于Bray-Curtis距离进行主坐标分析,结果发现金霉素处理在两个采样时期显著影响含pqqC细菌群落结构(Adonis: R2=0.34, P < 0.01)。No-CTC处理第7天与第30天明显聚类,High-CTC处理在第7天与第30天分别聚类,Low-CTC处理在第7天或第30天均介于No-CTC和High-CTC处理之间,无明显聚类(图5A)。
金霉素处理在两个采样时期显著影响含phoD细菌群落结构(Adonis: R2=0.46, P < 0.01)。No-CTC处理在第7天或第30天沿PC2轴明显聚类,High-CTC处理在第7天与第30天分别聚类,Low-CTC处理在第7天或第30天均沿PC2轴介于No-CTC和High-CTC处理之间(图5B)。
在属水平(图6A),假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、红色杆形菌属(Rubrobacter)、小单孢菌属(Micromonospora)、地嗜皮菌属(Geodermatophilus)、食烷菌属(Alcanivorax)、分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium)、假桃红杆菌属(Pseudopuniceibacterium)、假诺卡氏菌属(Pseudonocardia)、根瘤杆菌属(Rhizobacter)、中华根瘤菌属(Sinorhizobium)是金霉素处理中含pqqC细菌的优势细菌类群。其中Pseudomonas属在第7天随金霉素浓度增加相对丰度增加(P < 0.05),而Geodermatophilus属、Pseudonocardia属在Low-CTC以及High-CTC处理的相对丰度受到显著抑制(P < 0.05)。
在属水平(图6B),慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)、Sinorhizobium、剑菌属(Ensifer)、中慢生根瘤菌属(Mesorhizobium)、假双斧状菌属(Pseudolabrys)、红游动菌属(Rhodoplanes)、张成刚菌属(Chenggangzhangella)、Pseudomonas、斯克尔曼氏菌属(Skermanella)是金霉素处理中含phoD细菌的优势属。其中Ensifer属在第7天随金霉素浓度增加相对丰度增加(P < 0.05),而Bradyrhizobium属变化趋势与之相反,在Low-CTC和High-CTC处理中受到显著抑制(P < 0.05)。第30天金霉素处理对PseudolabrysSinorhizobiumPseudomonas属影响显著(P < 0.05),其中Pseudolabrys属在Low-CTC处理丰度最高;Sinorhizobium属在No-CTC处理丰度最高,在Low-CTC处理丰度最低;Pseudomonas属在No-CTC处理丰度显著高于Low-CTC和High- CTC处理。
网络拓扑参数显示,Low-CTC和High-CTC处理在第7天和第30天均降低了含pqqC基因细菌群落的网络复杂度,具体表现为第7天No-CTC、Low-CTC、High-CTC处理平均度(average degree)分别为1.421、1.436、1.280,High-CTC处理网络复杂度最低(图7A7C)。第30天No-CTC、Low-CTC、High-CTC处理平均度分别为1.917、1.450、1.615,Low-CTC网络复杂度最低(图7D7F)。
金霉素影响了含phoD细菌群落的网络互作,网络拓扑参数显示,Low-CTC和High-CTC处理在第7天均降低了含phoD基因细菌群落的网络复杂度。具体表现为第7天随金霉素浓度增加网络平均度降低:No-CTC (3.656) > Low-CTC (3.457) > High-CTC (3.054) (图7G7I)。第30天含phoD细菌群落的网络的复杂度在High-CTC处理最高,Low-CTC处理最低,具体表现为平均度:High-CTC (3.011) > No-CTC (2.844) > Low-CTC (2.676)(图7J7L)。
将相对丰度前十的菌属定为优势物种,由于Citrate-P是可以被有机酸活化或结合的无机磷,可以与pqqC (无机磷溶解微生物)关联,Enzyme-P是模拟酶矿化的有机磷,这可以与phoD (有机磷矿化微生物)关联,所以分别选择Enzyme-P与Citrate-P结合速效磷(AP)含量与含pqqCphoD基因细菌群落的优势物种进行蒙特检验。结果发现,对于含pqqC基因的细菌,第7天Citrate-P与Pseudomonas、地嗜皮菌属(Geodermatophilus)、糖丝菌属(Saccharothrix)显著相关,AP与Geodermatophilus极显著相关;第30天无菌属与Citrate-P有显著相关性,Geodermatophilus与AP有显著相关性。含phoD基因的优势菌属中,第7天Enzyme-P与BradyrhizobiumEnsiferSkermanella显著相关,且均属于变形菌门,而AP无菌属与其有显著相关性;而第30天无菌属与Enzyme-P和AP有显著相关性(图8)。
本研究中难利用HCl-P组分受金霉素添加影响较小,而金霉素添加后期土壤活性有机磷(Enzyme-P)含量增加,这可能是随着金霉素浓度的添加,抑制了碱性磷酸酶活性有关。碱性磷酸酶活性(ALP)在不同采样时期受金霉素添加影响活性降低,从而影响有机磷的转化,因此Enzyme-P含量在磷酸酶活性较低的处理中累积。Liu等[24]报道了不同浓度(1−300 mg/kg)金霉素对磷酸酶活性有抑制作用,抑制率高达30%;李梦云[25]报道了随着金霉素浓度(0.1−40 mg/L)及作用时间(0−96 h)的增加,碱性磷酸酶活性逐渐降低,这均与本研究结果相似。本研究的结果还发现,金霉素的添加抑制了ALP活性,但土壤中AP含量增加,这与之前的研究发现AP的含量在添加四环素后显著降低相反[26]。对水稻体系以及冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系下的研究中均发现,土壤中的AP含量与ALP活性呈显著正相关[27-28],表明土壤中除了ALP之外,可能还有其他因素的影响使得AP含量不降反升,比如有机肥的施用、作物类型、土壤类型等,综合影响土壤中的AP含量。另外,研究发现在施用金霉素第7天后对酸性磷酸酶(acid phosphatase, ACP)活性有显著抑制作用,然而在施用金霉素第30天后对酸性磷酸酶活性并无显著影响,表明随着时间的延长,金霉素的添加对土壤中酶活性的影响减弱,这与曾悦等[29]发现抗生素在土壤中的存留时间越长对土壤微生物的影响越弱相似,可能是由于随着时间的增加,一些降解金霉素的细菌在长期暴露于金霉素的选择性压力下被诱导和增殖[30],导致金霉素在土壤中发生了降解,并且土壤微生物对金霉素产生了适应和抗性[31-33],使得对酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性抑制作用减小。
土壤中磷的有效性是制约作物高产的关键因素之一[34],而有机肥的施用提高了土壤中参与磷循环的微生物的活性和丰度,可以重塑参与磷循环细菌群落的结构,从而加快土壤中磷循环、增加磷有效性[35]。同时,有机肥的施用也带来了另一个问题,即抗生素污染。前人研究发现向土壤中添加土霉素(160 μg/kg)对phoD基因丰度无显著影响,与之前的研究发现四环素(50 mg/kg)胁迫降低了与细菌有关的磷功能基因的丰度不同,我们的研究发现在不同浓度金霉素处理下,不同采样时期对含pqqCphoD基因细菌的拷贝数和群落的α多样性无显著影响,这与研究发现添加四环素对大豆植株根际细菌群落的α多样性(Shannon指数和Chao1指数)无显著影响一致[15, 36],可能是因为与磷循环相关的微生物丰度对该浓度金霉素添加并不敏感。
添加抗生素会影响土壤中磷循环有关微生物的网络特征。我们的研究表明,添加金霉素后含pqqC基因细菌的网络复杂度(average degree)整体降低,模块化(modularity)程度增加;而含phoD基因细菌的网络复杂度在第7天降低,这与Qiu等[37]在水稻土中添加阿维菌素使得土壤中细菌和真菌的群落复杂性显著下降一致,说明金霉素添加以后可能会导致土壤中与磷循环有关的微生物复杂度降低,这与前人研究发现添加四环素(25 mg/kg)导致细菌网络更加松散,生态系统稳定性降低[38]一致。我们的研究发现含phoD基因细菌的网络互作比pqqC基因细菌的网络互作更强烈(图7),phoD微生物群落之间的合作与联系更强烈,微生物群落更复杂与稳定,这说明可能含phoD基因细菌对于金霉素的适应性强于含pqqC基因细菌[39]GeodermatophilusEnsifer分别为本研究中含pqqCphoD基因细菌群落的关键类群,分别属于放线菌门和变形菌门,这与之前的研究一致[40-41],它们可以通过有机酸和酸化根茎层或者产生酸性或碱性磷酸酶实现对磷酸盐矿物的溶解实现磷的溶解,在土壤磷循环中起着重要作用[42]
在有机培肥的辣椒体系中,添加金霉素影响了土壤中磷转化过程(图9)。结果表明,在金霉素处理下,含pqqC以及phoD基因的微生物网络复杂度以及优势物种的群落结构随着时间的增加发生了相应的改变,进而影响了土壤的磷酸酶活性,改变了土壤中的磷素形态及有效性。本研究聚焦于金霉素对土壤中磷素养分及其特定微生物类群的影响,为金霉素添加对磷循环微生物及其介导的磷素转化和有效性的影响提供了科学依据。
添加金霉素显著增加了有机培肥土壤中AP、Enzyme-P含量,而CaCl2-P、Citrate-P和Enzyme-P浓度在采样时期第30天显著低于第7天。两个采样时期中,金霉素添加显著降低了土壤酸、碱性磷酸酶活性。高浓度或低浓度金霉素处理在第7天或第30天的采样时期均不影响pqqCphoD基因拷贝数,影响了含pqqCphoD基因细菌的群落结构。金霉素添加影响了土壤中含pqqCphoD基因细菌的网络互作,其中,含pqqC基因细菌的网络互作强度小于含phoD基因细菌;GeodermatophilusEnsifer分别是含pqqC和含phoD基因细菌群落关键类群,与土壤无机磷的溶解和有机磷的矿化密切相关。金霉素添加后,主要影响了含phoD基因细菌群落结构和网络特性,从而抑制了ALP活性,进而影响对土壤中难溶性有机磷(Enzyme-P)的矿化。目前基于抗生素添加对磷循环研究结果较少,因此,探究金霉素对土壤磷循环微生物介导的磷素转化机制和有效性的影响,对合理利用抗生素、提高土壤中养分的利用效率及提高土壤质量、保持土壤健康具有重要意义。
  • 国家自然科学基金区域联合基金(U20A2047)
  • 国家自然科学基金(32272800)
  • 国家自然科学基金(32002126)
  • 重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0507)
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2024年第64卷第10期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240270
  • 接收时间:2024-04-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-21
  • 出版时间:2024-07-24
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-27
  • 录用日期:2024-07-19
基金
Regional Joint Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2047)
国家自然科学基金区域联合基金(U20A2047)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272800)
国家自然科学基金(32272800)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32002126)
国家自然科学基金(32002126)
Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0507)
重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0507)
作者信息
    1 西南大学 资源环境学院, 重庆市土肥资源高效利用重点实验室, 重庆 400715
    2 西南大学, 长江经济带农业绿色发展研究中心, 重庆 400715
    3 西南大学, 西南山地绿色低碳重点实验室, 重庆 400715
    4 西南大学, 农业科学研究院, 重庆 400715

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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