Article(id=1242093872336146905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242093864144666765, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240169, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1710777600000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1717344000000, acceptedDateStr=2024-06-03, onlineDate=1774067856152, onlineDateStr=2026-03-21, pubDate=1718294400000, pubDateStr=2024-06-14, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774067856152, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774067856152, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774067856152, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242093864144666765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='10', pageStart='3571', pageEnd='3997', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774067854200, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774067980255, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242094392937353679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242093864144666765, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242094392937353680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1242093864144666765, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3685, endPage=3701, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242093872747188729, articleId=1242093872336146905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Identification and characterization of sugarcane Sporisorium scitamineum antagonists, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Sugarcane smut caused by Sporisorium scitamineum is one of the major diseases affecting the development of China's sugar industry, and biocontrol is currently the most efficient and safe means, which necessitates the screening of antagonists with strong environmental adaptability and inhibitory effects. [Objective] To isolate and identify the strains with good antagonistic effects against S. scitamineum from soil and provide high-quality biocontrol strain resources for the efficient prevention and control of sugarcane smut. [Methods] The antagonists were isolated by the plate confrontation assay, and their taxonomic status was determined by morphological observation, physiological and biochemical tests, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The pot and field experiments were conducted to study the inhibition effects of the antagonists on sugarcane smut. [Results] Three strains of bacteria with significant antagonistic effects were obtained. Strains GB-3 and GH16-3 were identified as Bacillus velezensis and GH16-8 as B. amyloliquefaciens, with the inhibition zone diameters of (30.00±1.07), (44.00±1.21), and (18.00±0.89) mm and the inhibition rates of 16.12%, 31.92%, and 5.91%, respectively. The inhibition effects of the three strains against sugarcane smut were 74.33%, 76.57%, and 69.07% in pots and 20.08%, 55.59%, and 50.08% in fields, respectively. All the three strains had phosphorus-solubilizing ability, tolerance to extreme salt-alkaline environments, and inhibitory effects on a variety of phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi, with the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) yields of 2.12, 1.30, and 1.22 mg/L, respectively. The application of the three strains increased the sugarcane plant height by 28.25%, 17.09%, and 23.31%, respectively. [Conclusion] Strain GH16-3 has strong environmental adaptability, growth-promoting effect, and prevention effect against sugarcane smut, demonstrating a promising application prospect.

, correspAuthors=Naiqin ZHONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*ZHONG Naiqin, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Nan LI, Dazhi SUN, Ziwei WANG, Jingjing CAO, Zhiqin WANG, Pan ZHAO, Naiqin ZHONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1242093878002651960, articleId=1242093872336146905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=甘蔗鞭黑粉菌拮抗菌鉴定及特性研究, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

由甘蔗鞭黑粉菌(Sporisorium scitamineum)引起的黑穗病是造成糖料蔗减产的主要病害,筛选环境适应性强、抑菌效果好的拮抗菌是实现该病害有效防控的重要措施。【目的】从蔗田土壤样品中分离鉴定甘蔗鞭黑粉菌拮抗菌株,为高效防控甘蔗黑穗病提供优质生防菌资源。【方法】采用平板对峙法分离筛选拮抗菌株,通过形态学观察、生理生化试验及16S rRNA基因序列分析确定其分类地位,盆栽及田间小区试验相结合,验证菌株对甘蔗黑穗病的防控效果。【结果】获得3株具有明显拮抗效果的细菌,经鉴定GB-3、GH16-3为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis),GH16-8为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens),抑菌圈直径分别为(30.00±1.07) mm、(44.00±1.21) mm和(18.00±0.89) mm,抑菌率分别为16.12%、31.92%和5.91%;对黑穗病盆栽防效分别为74.33%、76.57%、69.07%,田间防效分别为20.08%、55.59%、50.08%。3株菌均具有一定的溶磷能力,可耐受极端盐碱环境,对多种植物病原细菌和真菌具有较好的抑制效果,产吲哚乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)产量分别为2.12、1.30和1.22 mg/L,施用后甘蔗株高分别提高28.25%、17.09%和23.31%。【结论】GH16-3菌株的环境适应性强,促生效果明显,对甘蔗黑穗病防效较好,具有潜在的应用价值。

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Numbers in parentheses are GenBank accession numbers; The bootstrap values are shown at the node; The scale bar indicates 0.1 substitutions per nucleotide position., figureFileSmall=ljscjxI92MaQfMqEjS6igg==, figureFileBig=Qd36lh93kVZvJsmZzb+ePw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160666448628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872336146905, language=CN, label=图4, caption=基于gyrB基因序列构建的系统发育树, figureFileSmall=ljscjxI92MaQfMqEjS6igg==, figureFileBig=Qd36lh93kVZvJsmZzb+ePw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160750334717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872336146905, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Statistics of pot plant growth promotion effect. A−C are SPAD, plant height, and stem diameter, respectively results of pot experiment. D is the IAA standard curve. E−I were clear water treatment group (CK1), S. scitamineum treatment group (CK2), S. scitamineum and GB-3 co-treatment group, S. scitamineum and GH16-3 co-treatment group, and S. scitamineum and GH16-8 co-treatment group, respectively. *** P < 0.001, indicating extremely significant differences; ** P < 0.01, indicating highly significant differences; * P < 0.05, indicating significant differences., figureFileSmall=0KaTk8/tJYx2wBMOaR9WWg==, figureFileBig=PkYm3n+iwdhbcDBAjLuYSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160871969539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872336146905, language=CN, label=图5, caption=菌株的促生长效果, figureFileSmall=0KaTk8/tJYx2wBMOaR9WWg==, figureFileBig=PkYm3n+iwdhbcDBAjLuYSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285160976827145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872336146905, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Phosphorus solubilising effect of antagonistic bacteria. A−C: Inhibition zone of GB-3, GH16-3, and GH16-8., figureFileSmall=vbUREtt2hwZOS1kIm8AwAQ==, figureFileBig=MkCOiSKufU2Ob5ORFTXzog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285161098461967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872336146905, language=CN, label=图6, caption=拮抗菌的溶磷效果, figureFileSmall=vbUREtt2hwZOS1kIm8AwAQ==, figureFileBig=MkCOiSKufU2Ob5ORFTXzog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285161228485396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872336146905, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Resistance effect of antagonistic bacteria to salt and alkali. A−C: NaCl resistance test of GB-3, GH16-3, and GH16-8. D−F: pH resistance test of GB-3, GH16-3, and GH16-8., figureFileSmall=CZtQsfRsdiwPKz++mfOb0A==, figureFileBig=WdvLsQzPb4xy9Wce3QHuHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285161371091742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872336146905, language=CN, label=图7, caption=拮抗菌耐盐碱效果, figureFileSmall=CZtQsfRsdiwPKz++mfOb0A==, figureFileBig=WdvLsQzPb4xy9Wce3QHuHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285161492726562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872336146905, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Inhibitory effect of strains on pathogenic bacteria. A: Erwinia amylovora. B: Agrobacterium tumefaciens. C: Streptomyces scabies., figureFileSmall=kcSVP7G59xZdbAFIKb36gQ==, figureFileBig=aeaI6YeyvBSYJyYC4XOzSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285161605972776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872336146905, language=CN, label=图8, caption=菌株对病原细菌的抑制效果, figureFileSmall=kcSVP7G59xZdbAFIKb36gQ==, figureFileBig=aeaI6YeyvBSYJyYC4XOzSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285161723413294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872336146905, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Inhibitory effect of strains on pathogenic fungi. A−D: Fusarium oxysporum. E−H: Rhizoctonia solani. I−L: Alternaria solani. M−P: Verticillium dahliae., figureFileSmall=kNOIghm2Vy1ua0IpTW6NdA==, figureFileBig=woloqzJD/0eECW4Ut178uQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285161807299379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872336146905, language=CN, label=图9, caption=菌株对病原真菌的抑制效果, figureFileSmall=kNOIghm2Vy1ua0IpTW6NdA==, figureFileBig=woloqzJD/0eECW4Ut178uQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285161878602553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872336146905, language=EN, label=Figure 10, caption=Bacteriostatic effect of lipopeptide antibiotics on Sporisorium scitamineum. A: Results of plate confrontation between fengycin, surfactin, iturin, and sterile water with S. scitamineum, respectively. B: Electrophoretic results of amplification of ituA gene by three strains of antagonistic bacteria. Lanes 1−3 are GB-3, GH16-3, GH16-8 in order; M is 500 bp DNA Ladder., figureFileSmall=hXOCB7xcxH0rgiVPx/G/SQ==, figureFileBig=lVVki0E5XLGbcMkuYNug1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285161996043071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872336146905, language=CN, label=图10, caption=脂肽类抗生素对鞭黑粉菌的抑制效果, figureFileSmall=hXOCB7xcxH0rgiVPx/G/SQ==, figureFileBig=lVVki0E5XLGbcMkuYNug1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285162117677891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872336146905, language=EN, label=Figure 11, caption=Results of pot experiment. A and B are morbidity and efficacy statistics, respectively. *** P < 0.001, indicating extremely significant differences; ** P < 0.01, indicating highly significant differences., figureFileSmall=cELim3bAP0xo7k9F7gQJYA==, figureFileBig=2wI+OU+T2Xrn8NXOE//Oxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285162264478533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872336146905, language=CN, label=图11, caption=盆栽试验结果, figureFileSmall=cELim3bAP0xo7k9F7gQJYA==, figureFileBig=2wI+OU+T2Xrn8NXOE//Oxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285162373530443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872336146905, language=EN, label=Figure 12, caption=Results of field plot experiment. ** P < 0.01, indicating highly significant differences; * P < 0.05, indicating significant differences., figureFileSmall=myINOaN4CZYcrZLqoz1SXQ==, figureFileBig=Inlz1BVRcCf2y1GuRMnzKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285162520331089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872336146905, language=CN, label=图12, caption=田间小区试验结果, figureFileSmall=myINOaN4CZYcrZLqoz1SXQ==, figureFileBig=Inlz1BVRcCf2y1GuRMnzKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243285162646160215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872336146905, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Source of strains

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Strains nameOrigins
Erwinia amylovoraCGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) No. 1.7275
Streptomyces scabiesCGMCC No. 4.1765
Verticillium dahliaeCGMCC No. 3.12834
Alternaria solaniCGMCC No. 3.2888
Fusarium oxysporumCGMCC No. 3.3758
Rhizoctonia solaniCGMCC No. 3.1496
Agrobacterium tumefaciensBeijing Biomed Technology Co., Ltd.
), ArticleFig(id=1243285162788766557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872336146905, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

供试菌株来源

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Strains nameOrigins
Erwinia amylovoraCGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) No. 1.7275
Streptomyces scabiesCGMCC No. 4.1765
Verticillium dahliaeCGMCC No. 3.12834
Alternaria solaniCGMCC No. 3.2888
Fusarium oxysporumCGMCC No. 3.3758
Rhizoctonia solaniCGMCC No. 3.1496
Agrobacterium tumefaciensBeijing Biomed Technology Co., Ltd.
), ArticleFig(id=1243285162897818466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872336146905, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Physiological and biochemical properties of GB-3, GH16-3, and GH16-8

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Test itemsResultsTest itemsResults
GB-3GH16-3GH16-8GB-3GH16-3GH16-8
+: Positive; −: Negative.
Negative control Esculin ferric citrate + + +
Glycerol + + + Salicin +
Erythritol Cellobiose + + +
d-arabinose d-maltose + + +
l-arabinose + + + d-lactose + +
d-ribose + + + d-disaccharide + +
d-xylose + + + d-sucrose + +
l-xylose d-trehalose dihydrate +
d-ribitol Synanthrin +
Hydroquinone O-β-d-glucopyranoside Melezitose +
d-galactose d-raffinose + +
d-glucose + + + Amylum + + +
d-fructose + + + Glycogen + + +
d-mannose + + + Xylitol +
l-sorbose d-gentiobiose +
l-rhamnose + + d-toulon sugar + + +
d-mannitol + + + d-fucose + +
Sorbitol + + + l-fucose + +
Methyl-α-d-glucopyranoside + + + l-arabitol + +
N-acetyl glucosamine + Potassium gluconate
Nitrilosides + + 2-keto-potassium gluconate
Arbutin + 5-keto-potassium gluconate + +
), ArticleFig(id=1243285163036230508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872336146905, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

菌株GB-3、GH16-3和GH16-8的生理生化特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Test itemsResultsTest itemsResults
GB-3GH16-3GH16-8GB-3GH16-3GH16-8
+: Positive; −: Negative.
Negative control Esculin ferric citrate + + +
Glycerol + + + Salicin +
Erythritol Cellobiose + + +
d-arabinose d-maltose + + +
l-arabinose + + + d-lactose + +
d-ribose + + + d-disaccharide + +
d-xylose + + + d-sucrose + +
l-xylose d-trehalose dihydrate +
d-ribitol Synanthrin +
Hydroquinone O-β-d-glucopyranoside Melezitose +
d-galactose d-raffinose + +
d-glucose + + + Amylum + + +
d-fructose + + + Glycogen + + +
d-mannose + + + Xylitol +
l-sorbose d-gentiobiose +
l-rhamnose + + d-toulon sugar + + +
d-mannitol + + + d-fucose + +
Sorbitol + + + l-fucose + +
Methyl-α-d-glucopyranoside + + + l-arabitol + +
N-acetyl glucosamine + Potassium gluconate
Nitrilosides + + 2-keto-potassium gluconate
Arbutin + 5-keto-potassium gluconate + +
), ArticleFig(id=1243285163162059635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872336146905, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

IAA production of strains

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainsOD530Yield of IAA (mg/L)
GB-30.1782.12
GH16-30.1681.30
GH16-80.1671.22
), ArticleFig(id=1243285163292083069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872336146905, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

菌株的IAA产量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainsOD530Yield of IAA (mg/L)
GB-30.1782.12
GH16-30.1681.30
GH16-80.1671.22
), ArticleFig(id=1243285163401134977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872336146905, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effect of chemical pesticides against GB-3, GH16-3, and GH16-8

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
FungicideProducerConcentration (mg/L)Resistance
GB-3GH16-3GH16-8
+: Fungicides do not affect antagonist growth; −: Fungicides inhibit antagonist growth.
H2O+++
0.5% ClothiandinJining Runwu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.300.0++
50% CarbendazimSichuan Runer Technology Co., Ltd.100.0+++
30% ThiamethoxamHebei Guanlong Agriculture Co., Ltd.150.0++
70% Thiophanate-MethylShanghai Hulian Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.700.0+++
80% Bordeaux liquidSunnong Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.200.0
80% MancozebSichuan Guoguang Agrochemical Co., Ltd.320.0
10% ImidaclopridShandong Binong Star Biological Technology Co., Ltd.200.0+++
75% ChlorothalonilShandong Binong Star Biological Technology Co., Ltd.300.0
50% IprodioneShandong Libang Agrochemical Co., Ltd.25.0++
), ArticleFig(id=1243285163535352714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1242093872336146905, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

化学农药对菌株GB-3, GH16-3和GH16-8的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
FungicideProducerConcentration (mg/L)Resistance
GB-3GH16-3GH16-8
+: Fungicides do not affect antagonist growth; −: Fungicides inhibit antagonist growth.
H2O+++
0.5% ClothiandinJining Runwu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.300.0++
50% CarbendazimSichuan Runer Technology Co., Ltd.100.0+++
30% ThiamethoxamHebei Guanlong Agriculture Co., Ltd.150.0++
70% Thiophanate-MethylShanghai Hulian Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.700.0+++
80% Bordeaux liquidSunnong Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.200.0
80% MancozebSichuan Guoguang Agrochemical Co., Ltd.320.0
10% ImidaclopridShandong Binong Star Biological Technology Co., Ltd.200.0+++
75% ChlorothalonilShandong Binong Star Biological Technology Co., Ltd.300.0
50% IprodioneShandong Libang Agrochemical Co., Ltd.25.0++
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甘蔗鞭黑粉菌拮抗菌鉴定及特性研究
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李楠 1 , 孙大智 1 , 王紫薇 2 , 曹晶晶 3 , 汪志琴 3 , 赵盼 3, 4 , 仲乃琴 1, 3, 4, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(10): 3685-3701
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(10): 3685-3701
甘蔗鞭黑粉菌拮抗菌鉴定及特性研究
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李楠1, 孙大智1, 王紫薇2, 曹晶晶3, 汪志琴3, 赵盼3, 4, 仲乃琴1, 3, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1 宁夏大学 农学院, 宁夏 银川 750021
  • 2 山西农业大学 植物保护学院, 山西 晋中 030600
  • 3 中国科学院微生物研究所, 北京 100101
  • 4 内蒙古自治区马铃薯产业融合发展企业重点实验室, 内蒙古 呼伦贝尔 021000
Identification and characterization of sugarcane Sporisorium scitamineum antagonists
Nan LI1, Dazhi SUN1, Ziwei WANG2, Jingjing CAO3, Zhiqin WANG3, Pan ZHAO3, 4, Naiqin ZHONG1, 3, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
  • 2 College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi, China
  • 3 Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
  • 4 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory for Integrated Development of Potato Industry, Hulunbuir 021000, Inner Mongolia, China
出版时间: 2024-06-14 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240169
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由甘蔗鞭黑粉菌(Sporisorium scitamineum)引起的黑穗病是造成糖料蔗减产的主要病害,筛选环境适应性强、抑菌效果好的拮抗菌是实现该病害有效防控的重要措施。【目的】从蔗田土壤样品中分离鉴定甘蔗鞭黑粉菌拮抗菌株,为高效防控甘蔗黑穗病提供优质生防菌资源。【方法】采用平板对峙法分离筛选拮抗菌株,通过形态学观察、生理生化试验及16S rRNA基因序列分析确定其分类地位,盆栽及田间小区试验相结合,验证菌株对甘蔗黑穗病的防控效果。【结果】获得3株具有明显拮抗效果的细菌,经鉴定GB-3、GH16-3为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis),GH16-8为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens),抑菌圈直径分别为(30.00±1.07) mm、(44.00±1.21) mm和(18.00±0.89) mm,抑菌率分别为16.12%、31.92%和5.91%;对黑穗病盆栽防效分别为74.33%、76.57%、69.07%,田间防效分别为20.08%、55.59%、50.08%。3株菌均具有一定的溶磷能力,可耐受极端盐碱环境,对多种植物病原细菌和真菌具有较好的抑制效果,产吲哚乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)产量分别为2.12、1.30和1.22 mg/L,施用后甘蔗株高分别提高28.25%、17.09%和23.31%。【结论】GH16-3菌株的环境适应性强,促生效果明显,对甘蔗黑穗病防效较好,具有潜在的应用价值。

甘蔗黑穗病  /  鞭黑粉菌  /  拮抗菌  /  防控效果

Sugarcane smut caused by Sporisorium scitamineum is one of the major diseases affecting the development of China's sugar industry, and biocontrol is currently the most efficient and safe means, which necessitates the screening of antagonists with strong environmental adaptability and inhibitory effects. [Objective] To isolate and identify the strains with good antagonistic effects against S. scitamineum from soil and provide high-quality biocontrol strain resources for the efficient prevention and control of sugarcane smut. [Methods] The antagonists were isolated by the plate confrontation assay, and their taxonomic status was determined by morphological observation, physiological and biochemical tests, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The pot and field experiments were conducted to study the inhibition effects of the antagonists on sugarcane smut. [Results] Three strains of bacteria with significant antagonistic effects were obtained. Strains GB-3 and GH16-3 were identified as Bacillus velezensis and GH16-8 as B. amyloliquefaciens, with the inhibition zone diameters of (30.00±1.07), (44.00±1.21), and (18.00±0.89) mm and the inhibition rates of 16.12%, 31.92%, and 5.91%, respectively. The inhibition effects of the three strains against sugarcane smut were 74.33%, 76.57%, and 69.07% in pots and 20.08%, 55.59%, and 50.08% in fields, respectively. All the three strains had phosphorus-solubilizing ability, tolerance to extreme salt-alkaline environments, and inhibitory effects on a variety of phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi, with the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) yields of 2.12, 1.30, and 1.22 mg/L, respectively. The application of the three strains increased the sugarcane plant height by 28.25%, 17.09%, and 23.31%, respectively. [Conclusion] Strain GH16-3 has strong environmental adaptability, growth-promoting effect, and prevention effect against sugarcane smut, demonstrating a promising application prospect.

sugarcane smut  /  Sporisorium scitamineum  /  antagonist  /  inhibition effects
李楠, 孙大智, 王紫薇, 曹晶晶, 汪志琴, 赵盼, 仲乃琴. 甘蔗鞭黑粉菌拮抗菌鉴定及特性研究. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (10) : 3685 -3701 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240169
Nan LI, Dazhi SUN, Ziwei WANG, Jingjing CAO, Zhiqin WANG, Pan ZHAO, Naiqin ZHONG. Identification and characterization of sugarcane Sporisorium scitamineum antagonists[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (10) : 3685 -3701 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240169
甘蔗是世界上第一大糖料作物和第二大生物能源作物[1],占据了全球糖类供应的80%以及乙醇供应的40%,主要分布在气候温暖的热带和亚热带地带[2]。我国甘蔗种植面积约1.8×106 hm2[3],仅次于巴西和印度,主要种植区域包括广西中南部、广东西部、云南西南部和海南北部,其中广西壮族自治区甘蔗产量约占全国生产总量的60%[4]。甘蔗是禾本科宿根作物,通常3−5年宿根连作,这种种植方式导致多种病原菌在植株体内或土壤中积累,严重影响其产量与品质[5]。由甘蔗鞭黑粉菌(Sporisorium scitamineum)引起的黑穗病危害十分严重,新植蔗发病率约50%,宿根蔗产量损失达52%−73%[6],糖分通常下降0.5−1.0%。病株茎叶细长、叶色淡绿、分蘖增多[7],蔗梢出现向下卷曲的黑色鞭状物,病鞭表面银白色薄膜破裂后散出大量黑色冬孢子[8],孢子在甘蔗种芽、宿根及土壤中越冬,传播途径广[9],生理小种多,极难防控。
选育和推广抗病品种是目前防治甘蔗黑穗病的主要方法[10]。王泽平等[11]以‘粤91-976’为母本、‘粤84-3’和‘ROC25’为父本进行有性杂交,选育出抗鞭黑粉菌混合生理小种的‘桂糖41号’;经艳等[12]以‘新台糖1号’和‘桂糖92-66’分别为母本和父本,选育出抗病品种‘桂糖44号’。然而,我国甘蔗遗传资源十分匮乏,限制了抗病品种的选育进程。目前生产上推广的品种数量不足20种,甚至20世纪70年代由中国国台湾选育的新台糖系列品种还占据甘蔗种植总面积的50%左右。Chen等[13]采用花生、黄豆、甘薯等作物与甘蔗轮作,鞭黑粉菌的厚垣孢子活性降低,但由于管理方式复杂、受土地资源限制,这一模式难以大面积推广。朱桂宁等[14]采用苯醚甲环唑药泥浸泡种茎,黑穗病危害程度降低55.55%;用苯醚甲环唑·嘧菌酯悬浮剂喷淋蔗桩,对宿根蔗黑穗病防效达85.83%。然而上述药剂降解速度慢,易在水体和土壤中积累,对人畜健康存在潜在影响。
微生物菌剂具有成本低、对环境友好等优势,已广泛应用于多种作物的病虫害防控,也越来越受到甘蔗研究人员的重视。Jayakumar等[15]从甘蔗中分离获得的8株内生细菌,对鞭黑粉菌的抑制率大于30%;Tegene等[16]从甘蔗根际土壤中筛选的12株木霉菌,对鞭黑粉菌的抑制率达90%以上;张旭娜[17]从甘蔗芽中分离筛选的拉氏根瘤菌D3和解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZC2-4,应用于盆栽试验后黑穗病发病率较对照分别降低了11.77%和23.53%。因此,筛选环境适应性强、易在土壤中定殖的高效菌株对于研制可规模化应用的复合功能菌剂具有重要意义。
本研究针对甘蔗黑穗病危害重、防控难、生防菌种资源缺乏等关键问题,采集发病较重的蔗田土壤,从中分离和筛选对甘蔗鞭黑粉菌具有较好抑制效果的细菌,通过形态学观察、生理生化特性分析,结合16S rRNA基因序列测定,确定菌株分类地位;研究菌株对环境pH、NaCl含量及甘蔗常用化学农药的耐受性,并以广西主栽的糖料蔗品种为参试植物,采用盆栽试验和田间小区试验相结合的方法,验证菌株对黑穗病的防控效果,分析其解磷、促生功能,以期获得具有较好应用前景的候选菌株。
供试甘蔗鞭黑粉菌单倍体孢子Ss17和Ss18及其冬孢子均由广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所保存和惠赠[18];其他供试菌株来源于中国科学院微生物研究所中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心与北京博迈德基因技术有限公司(表1)。
API 50CHB G+芽胞杆菌鉴定试剂盒购自北京冬歌博业生物科技有限公司。
培养基参考赵永龙等[19]的方法配制,LB培养基(g/L):蛋白胨10.0,酵母提取物5.0,NaCl 10.0,去离子水定容至1.0 L,pH调整至7.0,121 ℃灭菌20 min;PDA固体培养基(g/L):马铃薯块茎200.0 g切碎,沸水煮20 min,用4层纱布过滤除渣,葡萄糖20.0,琼脂15.0,去离子定容至1.0 L,调pH至7.0,113 ℃灭菌20 min;King氏培养基(g/L):蛋白胨20.0,MgSO4·7H2O 1.5,K2HPO4 1.7,色氨酸0.1,丙三醇15.0 mL/L,去离子水定容至1.0 L,调pH至7.0,121 ℃灭菌20 min;PKO培养基(g/L):葡萄糖10.0,(NH4)2SO4 0.5,MgSO4·7H2O 0.1,MgSO4·H2O 0.03,FeSO4 0.03,Ca3(PO4)2 5.0,NaC1 0.3,KC1 0.3,酵母提取物0.5,琼脂20.0,用去离子水定容至1.0 L,调pH至7.0,113 ℃灭菌20 min。
比色液:将20 mL 0.025 mol/L的FeCl3缓缓加入30 mL浓硫酸中,搅拌均匀。
从广西壮族自治区田东县(广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所叮当基地)黑穗病危害较重的蔗田采集土壤样品。取1 g土样置于装有10 mL无菌水的三角瓶中,充分振荡后静置5−10 min,取1 mL上清液依次稀释至10−2、10−3和10−4,吸取100 µL悬浮液分别涂布于LB固体培养基上,28 ℃培养24 h后,挑选形态各异的单菌落进行纯化备用。
将Ss17和Ss18单倍体菌株分别涂布于PDA固体培养基上,28 ℃恒温培养24 h后,分别挑取单菌落于PDA液体培养基中,28 ℃、200 r/min培养24 h,分别吸取Ss17和Ss18的单倍体菌株培养液,1:1混合后均匀涂布于PDA固体培养基上,在平板中央接种6 µL待试细菌培养液,28 ℃培养7 d后测量抑菌圈直径,计算抑菌率。
挑选对甘蔗鞭黑粉菌具有明显抑制效果的细菌,将其培养液均匀涂布于LB固体培养基上,37 ℃培养24 h,采用扫描电子显微镜观察菌体形态。
将适量的待测菌液涂抹在载玻片上,待其自然干燥后,用酒精灯进行轻微加热。随后,使用草酸铵结晶紫进行1−2 min的染色处理,无菌水快速冲洗30 s。染色后,将载玻片置于碘液中1 min,再使用95%乙醇溶液进行1 min的脱色处理。最后,用番红染色液复染2 min,无菌水冲洗30 s,干燥后镜检[19]
将待测菌株接种于API 50CHB培养基,再分别滴至各实验条的管部加石蜡密封,28 ℃、200 r/min培养24 h和48 h。依据API 50CHB G+芽孢杆菌鉴定试剂盒(北京冬歌博业生物科技有限公司)说明书判读测试结果。
将待测菌株接种于LB液体培养基,28 ℃、200 r/min培养24 h后,吸取600 µL至1 mL离心管内,与细菌16S rRNA基因通用引物27F (5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′)、1492R (5′-CTACGGCTACCTTGTTACGA-3′)和gyrB基因片段引物LF (5′-GCCTTGTCGACCACTCT TGA-3′)、LR (5′-AATGGCAGTCAGCCCTTCT C-3′)同时送往北京博迈德基因技术有限公司进行测序,结果在NCBI上进行比对,采用MEGA 7软件构建系统发育树。核酸序列上传至国家微生物科学数据中心(NMDC, http://nmdc.cn)。
将待测菌株分别接种于pH值为1.0、3.0、5.0、7.0、9.0、11.0,NaCl浓度为0.1、0.3、0.5、0.7、0.9、1.1 g/L的L B液体培养基中,37 ℃、200 r/min振荡培养12 h后测定OD600值,分析菌株耐盐碱特性[20]
参考茹素龙等、赵永龙等的研究方法,以噻虫咹、多菌灵、噻虫嗪、甲基硫菌灵、波尔多液、代森锰锌、吡虫啉、百菌灵、异菌脲等9种甘蔗常用化学农药为供试药剂,并依据产品说明书推荐的溶液浓度进行稀释。将直径8 mm的无菌滤纸片在上述药剂中浸泡1 min[19-21],分别置于涂有待试菌株的培养基上,以无菌水为对照,37 ℃恒温培养12 h,观察抑菌效果。
分别吸取100 µL解淀粉欧文氏菌(Erwinia amylovora)、根癌土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)、疮痂链霉菌(Streptomyces scabies)的培养液,均匀涂布于LB固体培养基上,将6 µL待试菌株培养液滴于其上,28 ℃培养7 d后观察拮抗菌对病原细菌的抑制效果。
在PDA培养基中央接种尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)、茄链格孢菌(Alternaria solani)和大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae),在其两侧间隔1 cm处分别接种6 µL待试菌株培养液,28 ℃培养4 d后观察其对病原真菌的抑制效果。
接种菌株于PKO固体培养基上,28 ℃培养7 d后,观察其溶磷效果。
吸取100 µL待试菌株培养液,接种于King氏液体培养基中,37 ℃、200 r/min培养48 h后,4 ℃、4 000 r/min离心5 min收集上清,用Salkowski比色法对菌液中的吲哚乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)含量进行测定,参照李振东等[22]的方法绘制标准曲线,并测算细菌培养液中IAA的浓度。
将甘蔗鞭黑粉菌冬孢子悬浮液均匀涂布于PDA培养基上,然后分别吸取6 µL伊枯草菌素(iturin)、丰原素(fengycin)和表面活性素(surfactin)的标准试剂滴于培养基中央,观察其抑菌效果。
以细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒[天根生化科技(北京)有限公司]提取出的待试菌株总DNA为模板,参照文献[23-27]的方法,扩增伊枯草菌素关键合成酶基因。引物为ituAF (5′-ATGTATA CCAGTCAATTCC-3′)和ituAR (5′-GATCCGAA GCTGACAATA-3′)。PCR反应体系(25 μL):2×Taq PCR Master Mix (12.5 µL),上、下游引物(10 µmol/L)各2 µL,DNA模板2 µL,ddH2O 6.5 µL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性30 s,55 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸5 min,35个循环;72 ℃终延伸5 min。
挑取待试细菌的单菌落,接种于LB液体培养基中,37 ℃、200 r/min培养12 h后,4 ℃、4 000 r/min离心10 min,沉淀用ddH2O重悬,调整孢子数至1×107 CFU/mL。
采集甘蔗黑穗病鞭,自然风干后刮下孢子粉,制备孢子数为5×106 CFU/mL的鞭黑粉菌悬液[28]
将‘桂糖60’脱毒试管苗移栽于营养土培养60 d (pH 5.5−6.0,总磷0.77 g/kg,全氮0.76 g/kg,全钾2.17 g/kg,有机质29.70 g/kg),选取大小一致的幼苗浸泡于鞭黑粉菌悬液1 h,取出后遮阴干燥30 min,再置于拮抗菌悬液中浸泡30 min,然后种植于长64 cm、宽为40 cm的花盆中,每盆10株,以清水处理为CK1、鞭黑粉菌悬液处理为CK2,试验设置3次重复。生长期间不施肥,每周浇水1次,每次4 L,培养90 d后统计叶绿素相对含量(soil and plant analyzer development, SPAD)、株高、茎径,120 d后统计发病率。
大田试验在广西壮族自治区广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所丁当试验基地进行,试验地土壤全氮0.93 g/kg,全磷0.202 g/kg,全钾0.31 g/kg,水解氮78.30 mg/kg,有效磷44.00 mg/kg,速效钾77.00 mg/kg,有机质15.10 g/kg,pH 4.3。参试品种为‘柳城05-136’。试验于2023年4月25日开始,采用完全随机区组设计,行距1.2 m,小区周围种植2.4 m保护行。CK组全生育期只浇水,处理组除浇水外还浇施一次拮抗菌(孢子数1×107 CFU/mL),试验设置3次重复。120 d后参考朱桂宁[29]的方法,统计黑穗病发病率和防治效果,如公式(1−2)所示。
运用Excel和Origin 2022软件完成相关数据的处理,通过MEGA 7软件构建菌株系统发育树。
从蔗田土壤样品中初步筛选出55株抑制甘蔗鞭黑粉菌生长的细菌,复筛出拮抗效果最佳的3株菌作为目标菌株,将其命名为GB-3、GH16-3和GH16-8,抑菌圈直径分别为(30.00±1.07)、(44.00±1.21)和(18.00±0.89) mm (图1),抑菌率分别为16.12%、31.92%和5.91%。
图2所示,菌株GB-3、GH16-3和GH16-8的菌落均呈圆形,乳白色,质地黏稠,其中GB-3和GH16-3表面光滑,GH16-8表面粗糙、边缘不整齐。菌体均为杆状、革兰氏染色呈阳性。
表2所示,菌株GB-3、GH16-3和GH16-8均可利用丙三醇、山梨醇、淀粉等作为唯一碳源,代谢产物可降解苦杏仁苷;不能利用赤藻糖醇、葡萄糖酸钾。其中,GB-3和GH16-3可利用乳糖、甲基α-d-糖苷和d-棉子糖,不能利用松三糖;GH16-8可利用葡萄糖、甘露醇,但不能分解鼠李糖和松二糖。API 50CHB G+芽孢杆菌鉴定试剂盒鉴定结果显示,3株待测菌株均为芽胞杆菌,API 50CHB鉴定系统分析表明,GB-3和GH16-3为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌,鉴定率分别为87.6%和89.9%;GH16-8为解淀粉芽孢杆菌,鉴定率为76.3%。
图3所示,将PCR扩增获得的16S rRNA基因序列在NCBI中进行比对,GB-3和GH16-3分别与贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的一致性达到99.7%以上,GH16-8与解淀粉芽孢杆菌的一致性达到98.4%以上,GB-3、GH16-3与贝莱斯芽孢杆菌OL468452聚类到同一个分支,自展值达95%;GH16-8与解淀粉芽孢杆菌OM320204在同一分支,自展值达89%。扩增目标菌株的gyrB基因片段,运用MEGA 7软件构建系统发育树,结果如图4所示,GB-3、GH16-3与贝莱斯芽孢杆菌CP055160在同一分支,自展值达92%;GH16-8与解淀粉芽孢杆菌OK509815在同一分支,自展值达94%;结合形态学观察和生理生化特性,鉴定GB-3和GH16-3为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis),GH16-8为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。
将3株目标菌在King氏液体培养基中培养48 h,4 ℃、4 000 r/min离心5 min后将上清液与比色液进行混合,观察到混合液均呈现粉红色,表明GB-3、GH16-3和GH16-8的代谢产物中均含有IAA。3株菌的IAA产量分别为2.12、1.30和1.22 mg/L (表3)。
用目标菌液浇施甘蔗幼苗,90 d后对甘蔗的叶绿素相对含量、株高、茎径进行了测量统计。如图5所示,3株菌处理的植株长势均显著优于对照,其中GB-3处理组的SPAD值、株高、茎径分别较对照(CK1)增加了21.44%、28.25%和16.38%;GH16-3处理组分别较对照(CK1)增加了23.17%、17.09%和19.40%;GH16-8分别较对照(CK1)增加了10.25%、23.31%和11.77%。
图6所示,将3株菌在KPO培养基上培养7 d后发现,菌落周围均出现半透明状的解磷圈,表明3株菌均具有较好的溶磷能力,其中GH16-3的溶磷能力最强,生长速度最快,菌落直径明显大于其他2株菌。
将3株菌分别接种于NaCl含量0.1−1.1 g/L、pH 1.0−11.0的LB液体培养基中,37 ℃培养12 h后观察发现(图7),3株菌在对极端盐碱环境的耐受性测试中均显示出了良好的适应性,在0.1−0.5 g/L的NaCl浓度范围内可正常生长,在0.7−0.9 g/L的NaCl浓度范围内生长状况良好,最高耐受NaCl浓度为1.1 g/L;在pH值为5.0−7.0的环境中均可正常生长,GB-3和GH16-3在pH 9.0的环境下可较好生长,3株菌均可耐受pH 11.0的极端高碱环境。
施用于土壤或在生长季节喷施的化学农药会影响生防菌的活性和功能。本研究测定了目标菌株对甘蔗生产中常用化学农药的敏感性,结果如表4所示。无菌水处理的3株菌均可正常生长,表明滤纸片无污染。3株菌均可耐受吡虫啉、多菌灵和甲基硫菌灵;波尔多液、代森锰锌和百菌灵对3株菌均有明显抑制作用;GH16-3对异菌脲敏感,GH16-8对噻虫胺、噻虫嗪敏感。
为深入探索拮抗菌株的生防潜力,本研究采用平板对峙法测试了其对多种植物病原菌的拮抗效果,结果如图8 (病原细菌)和图9 (病原真菌)所示。3株菌对解淀粉欧文氏菌(E. amylovora)、根癌农杆菌(A. tumefaciens)、疮痂链霉菌(S. scabies)等病原细菌,以及尖孢镰孢菌(F. oxysporum)、立枯丝核菌(R. solani)、茄链格孢菌(A. solani)和大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae)等病原真菌均具有一定的拮抗效果,广谱抗病潜力大,产业化应用前景良好。
图10所示,在伊枯草菌素(iturin)周围,甘蔗鞭黑粉菌菌丝不能正常生长,而丰原素(fengycin)和表面活性素(surfactin)对甘蔗鞭黑粉菌无抑制效果。分别以菌株GB-3、GH16-3和GH16-8基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增出1 100 bp的目的条带,与伊枯草菌素关键合成酶ituA基因片段大小一致,将PCR产物测序结果在NCBI上比对,发现其序列均与解淀粉芽孢杆菌LL3 (CP002634)中的伊枯草菌素合成酶ituA基因高度同源,序列相似度达到98%以上,初步判断3株菌均可通过产生伊枯草菌素实现对鞭黑粉菌的抑制作用,这一结果与张桂英等的研究一致[27]
为了进一步验证拮抗菌对甘蔗黑穗病的防控效果,本研究选用黑穗病高感品种‘桂糖60’作为参试植物,在温室盆栽条件下人为接种甘蔗鞭黑粉菌和拮抗菌。发病情况统计结果如图11所示,3株菌对甘蔗黑穗病均有较好的控制效果,其中水处理组CK1均未发病;鞭黑粉菌处理组CK2发病率为44.81%;拮抗菌GB-3、GH16-3、GH16-8与病原菌共处理组发病率分别为11.51%、10.37%和14.07%,显著低于CK2,防效分别达74.33%、76.57%和69.07%。
为了验证盆栽试验结果的准确性,选择广西百色田东县黑穗病高发蔗田,以‘柳城05-136’作为参试品种,进行大田随机区组试验,进一步观察菌株的抑病功能。统计结果如图12所示,3个参试菌株对甘蔗黑穗病均有较好的防控效果,其中,水处理组CK的平均发病率为43.53%,拮抗菌处理组发病率显著低于CK,GB-3处理组发病率为34.79%,防效为20.08%;GH16-3处理组发病率为19.33%,防效为55.59%;GH16-8处理组发病率为21.73%,防效为50.08%。
甘蔗鞭黑粉菌广泛分布于空气、土壤等蔗田环境,厚垣孢子生命力强,极易传播[30],引发的黑穗病难以控制。以菌治菌是突破其防控瓶颈的重要途径。研究显示在不同生态的土壤环境中,微生物群落结构存在极大差异[31],病原菌生长繁殖及危害程度大相径庭,拮抗菌的抑菌效果也完全不同[32]。大多数拮抗菌环境适应性较差,在极端盐碱以及化肥农药大量富集的土壤环境中难以定殖[33],无论是Jayakumar等分离的内生细菌,还是Tegene等筛选的拮抗真菌,目前均处于平板对峙和盆栽试验阶段,田间试验中表现较好的菌剂鲜有报道[15-16]。国内登记的567类有效菌种,应用率尚不足30%[34],在甘蔗生产中得以应用的更少。因此,筛选可耐受极端环境的生防菌株是提高黑穗病防控效果的重要措施。本研究分离鉴定的贝莱斯芽孢杆菌GB-3、GH16-3以及解淀粉芽孢杆菌GH16-8,不仅可以在pH 5.0−9.0、NaCl浓度1%−5%的环境中正常生长,对于甲基硫菌灵等甘蔗生产中常用化学农药表现不敏感,还可高效抑制甘蔗鞭黑粉菌以及致病性链霉菌、大丽轮枝菌等其他农作物的重要土传病害病原菌,在大田试验中显示出较好的防病促生效果。
甘蔗是光合能力最强的C4作物,养分需求量大,氮磷钾用量比例为1:0.21:1.25[35]。在实际生产中,人们常以养分平衡型复合肥投入为主,磷素比例过高,P2O5含量甚至高达465−513 kg/hm2,而每生产1 t甘蔗仅需P2O5 0.45−0.51 kg[36]。不合理施肥导致过量的磷素与土壤胶体中的钙、铝、铁等离子结合形成难溶性磷酸盐而逐年富集于土壤。Cao等最新研究发现,磷素在土壤中大量沉积不仅诱发致病性链霉菌的快速繁殖,也显著降低了拮抗菌的丰度和拮抗功能;而具有解磷功能的拮抗菌防病效果更佳[37]。尽管解磷细菌在植物营养和自然界磷循环中起着重要作用,但关于拮抗菌解磷能力对土传病害防控效果增益方面的报道依然很少。因此,筛选和研究解磷细菌对甘蔗黑穗病的防控效果十分必要。
鞭黑粉菌的厚垣孢子可在适宜的环境条件下萌发形成菌丝侵入蔗芽,并向生长点蔓延,通过传播媒介,厚垣孢子附着在蔗茎的侧生芽上,进而对甘蔗的侧枝或分蘖造成危害。甘蔗表皮坚硬光滑且蜡质丰富,茎叶喷施的药剂难以渗透到植株内部,化学防控效率低下[38]。生防菌可定殖于蔗田土壤,有效抑制病原菌菌丝生长及孢子萌发,从而降低其侵染植物的几率,因此,以菌治菌是一种防控甘蔗黑穗病极具潜力的措施。芽孢杆菌是农业生产中常用的益生菌,可通过形成内生孢子,在恶劣的土壤环境中长期存活,并通过产生脂肽类抗生素、几丁质酶和蛋白酶等次生代谢物,抑制植物病原菌的生长。依据微生物肥料质量安全评价通用准则[39],解淀粉芽孢杆菌和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌均对环境友好,可免作毒理学试验、直接应用于农业生产。本研究鉴定的3株拮抗菌,代谢产物中均检测到伊枯草菌素,可在偏酸性土壤环境中有效抑制鞭黑粉菌孢子的生长和繁殖,从而降低黑穗病的危害程度。其中表现较好的贝莱斯芽孢杆菌GH16-3,盆栽防效达76.57%,田间防效达55.59%,具有良好的产业化前景。
  • 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA0450000)
  • 植物基因组学国家重点实验室项目(SKLPG2016A-40)
  • 内蒙古自治区关键技术攻关计划(2021GG0300)
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2024年第64卷第10期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240169
  • 接收时间:2024-03-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-21
  • 出版时间:2024-06-14
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-19
  • 录用日期:2024-06-03
基金
Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA0450000)
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA0450000)
State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Program(SKLPG2016A-40)
植物基因组学国家重点实验室项目(SKLPG2016A-40)
Key Technologies Research and Development Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2021GG0300)
内蒙古自治区关键技术攻关计划(2021GG0300)
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    1 宁夏大学 农学院, 宁夏 银川 750021
    2 山西农业大学 植物保护学院, 山西 晋中 030600
    3 中国科学院微生物研究所, 北京 100101
    4 内蒙古自治区马铃薯产业融合发展企业重点实验室, 内蒙古 呼伦贝尔 021000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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