Article(id=1241451299921785282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241451293068284204, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240068, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1706112000000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1716220800000, acceptedDateStr=2024-05-21, onlineDate=1773914654951, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1716825600000, pubDateStr=2024-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773914654951, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773914654951, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773914654951, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241451293068284204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='8', pageStart='2591', pageEnd='3085', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773914653317, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773919071204, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241469823079731774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241451293068284204, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241469823079731775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241451293068284204, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2955, endPage=2966, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241451300383158727, articleId=1241451299921785282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Prokaryotic expression and characterization of the GH1 β-glucosidase Bgl59 from Devosia psychrophila, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

β-glucosidases have been widely used in food, medicine, bioenergy and other fields, and thus it is necessary to explore new and efficient β-glucosidases.[Objective] To realize the prokaryotic expression of a GH1 glucosidase derived from Devosia psychrophila and characterize the enzymatic properties of the expressed protein. [Methods] The gene encoding the β-glucosidase derived from D. psychrophila was synthesized, named bgl59, and then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). After the gene expression was induced, and the obtained protein was purified and characterized for the enzymatic properties. [Results] Bgl59 had a molecular weight of 48.8 kDa, with the highest activity at 55 ℃ and pH 6.0. After treatment for 1 h within the range of pH 5.0–8.5, Bgl59 maintained the relative activity over 80%. Bgl59 had the highest hydrolysis ability for 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) among the eight substrates tested, with the Km of 3.090 mmol/L, Vmax of 194 μmol/(min·mg), and kcat of 159 s−1. The presence of 1 mmol/L of Ca2+ and Co2+ had a significant activating effect on Bgl59, while the presence of 0.1% SDS resulted in a complete loss of enzyme activity. The presence of 0.10 mol/L glucose and 0.30 mol/L xylose increased the activity of Bgl59 by 74% and 91%, respectively. Moreover, the enzyme remained the relative activity above 50% even when being cultured with 1.25 mol/L glucose or 2.00 mol/L xylose. [Conclusion] Bgl59 exhibits outstanding enzymatic properties, robust pH stability, and tolerance to metal ions and chemical reagents. It is a rare glucose-activated β-glucosidase with exceptional tolerance to glucose, holding significant potential for future industrial production and application.

, correspAuthors=Yunkun WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*WU Yunkun, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ying LIU, Panpan DONG, Lifang SUN, Linjiao WU, Lanlan LI, Yunkun WU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241451304430662198, articleId=1241451299921785282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=嗜冷德沃斯氏菌来源GH1家族β-葡萄糖苷酶Bgl59的原核表达及酶学性质分析, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

β-葡萄糖苷酶在食品、医学以及生物能源等多个领域有着广泛的应用,因此挖掘新型高效的β-葡萄糖苷酶是十分必要的。【目的】对嗜冷德沃斯氏菌(Devosia psychrophile)来源的GH1家族的葡萄糖苷酶原核表达并测定其酶学性质。【方法】通过人工合成技术得到D. psychrophila来源的β-葡萄糖苷酶的编码基因,命名为bgl59。将该基因转化到大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) BL21(DE3)中,诱导基因表达,对得到的蛋白进行纯化并测定其酶学性质。【结果】Bgl59的分子量为48.8 kDa,最适温度为55 ℃,最适pH为6.0;Bgl59在pH 5.0−8.5范围内处理1 h后仍保持80%以上酶活;在8种供试底物中,Bgl59对4-硝基苯基-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, pNPG)有着最高的水解能力,其Km为3.090 mmol/L,Vmax为194 μmol/(min·mg),kcat为159 s–1;1 mmol/L的Ca2+、Co2+对Bgl59具有明显的激活作用,0.1%的SDS会使酶活全部丧失;0.10 mol/L葡萄糖和0.30 mol/L木糖具有促酶活作用,可分别使Bgl59酶活提高74%和91%;在1.25 mol/L葡萄糖或2.00 mol/L木糖存在的条件下,仍可保持50%以上酶活。【结论】Bgl59的酶学性质优异,具有良好的pH稳定性,对金属离子或化学试剂都具有一定耐受能力,是少见的葡萄糖激活型β-葡萄糖苷酶,具有优良的糖促活性和耐受性,在未来的工业生产以及应用中具有潜在研究价值。

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Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 2004, 27 (4/5/6):183-190., articleTitle=Biochemical and catalytic properties of two intracellular β-glucosidases from the fungus Penicillium decumbens active on flavonoid glucosides, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1242193066254234538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, awardId=2019J01280, language=EN, fundingSource=Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2019J01280), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1242193066380063667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, awardId=2019J01280, language=CN, fundingSource=福建省自然科学基金(2019J01280), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1242193066510087100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, awardId=2021J01171, language=EN, fundingSource=Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2021J01171), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1242193066602361791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, awardId=2021J01171, language=CN, fundingSource=福建省自然科学基金(2021J01171), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242193058842898723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242193058851287333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, companyId=1242193058842898723, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242193058947756330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, companyId=1242193058842898723, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=福建师范大学生命科学学院, 福建 福州 350108)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1242193062642938539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Structural regions prediction of Bgl59., figureFileSmall=mB8Uev972nQDZkMbZWWwIg==, figureFileBig=LF5JRxOgtF56FEwWg2qz1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193062777156276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=CN, label=图1, caption=Bgl59结构域预测, figureFileSmall=mB8Uev972nQDZkMbZWWwIg==, figureFileBig=LF5JRxOgtF56FEwWg2qz1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193062919762624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Amino acid sequences alignment of Bgl59 with other GH1 family members. Boxes represent conserved amino acids; Red parts are amino acids with the same sequences; Black boxes are highly conserved elements., figureFileSmall=Ynf30nGga7mJPRBtr9qzjQ==, figureFileBig=5zZ2NjP60fcepBTlcNTXgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193063045591754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=CN, label=图2, caption=Bgl59与GH1家族其他成员氨基酸序列比对

框格表示保守氨基酸;红色部分为序列间相同氨基酸;黑色框为高度保守元件

, figureFileSmall=Ynf30nGga7mJPRBtr9qzjQ==, figureFileBig=5zZ2NjP60fcepBTlcNTXgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193063167226583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=The phylogenetic tree of Bgl59 constructed based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The number in brackets are GenBank and NCBI accession number (sequence MBU1334508.1 from GenBank, the rest from NCBI); The number near the branch line indicates the percentage of reliability of the branch in the test; The scale represents 0.010 replacement nucleotide positions for each branch., figureFileSmall=aHdzQH69kH3ZPSDkxsZBOg==, figureFileBig=DQWQd8Tg6gY8+xGG8Q119w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193063276278495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=CN, label=图3, caption=基于16S rRNA基因序列构建的Bgl59系统发育树

括号内的数字为GenBank和NCBI登录号(序列MBU1334508.1来自GenBank,其余序列来自NCBI);分支线附近的数字表示测试中分支的可靠性百分比;比例尺表示每个分支的0.010个替换核苷酸位置

, figureFileSmall=aHdzQH69kH3ZPSDkxsZBOg==, figureFileBig=DQWQd8Tg6gY8+xGG8Q119w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193063397913322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=SDS-PAGE analysis of Bgl59. M: Protein marker; 1: Cell lysate precipitation; 2: Supernatant of cell lysate; 3: Ni2+ affinity chromatography flow through; 4: 20 mmol/L imidazole elution; 5: 40 mmol/L imidazole elution; 6: 60 mmol/L imidazole elution; 7: 300 mmol/L imidazole elution (Bgl59) pure protein., figureFileSmall=qXmjYrDbYEnEPqyufxaIig==, figureFileBig=1jMeV2HW7dcTXCTzHbQIgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193063527936759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=CN, label=图4, caption=Bgl59的SDS-PAGE分析

M:蛋白marker;1:细胞裂解液沉淀;2:细胞裂解液上清;3:Ni2+亲和层析流穿;4:20 mmol/L咪唑洗脱;5:40 mmol/L咪唑洗脱;6:60 mmol/L咪唑洗脱;7:300 mmol/L咪唑洗脱(Bgl59)纯蛋白

, figureFileSmall=qXmjYrDbYEnEPqyufxaIig==, figureFileBig=1jMeV2HW7dcTXCTzHbQIgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193063657960188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Bgl59 optimum reaction temperature., figureFileSmall=QaGDSJLMCk6OYVkgrGuvEg==, figureFileBig=yryRVu3cmcv4pKUEHENZ3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193063888646926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=CN, label=图5, caption=Bgl59最适反应温度, figureFileSmall=QaGDSJLMCk6OYVkgrGuvEg==, figureFileBig=yryRVu3cmcv4pKUEHENZ3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193064060613401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Optimum reaction pH of Bgl59., figureFileSmall=3lF9+qnWp9MlaLk8xEl6bA==, figureFileBig=0je6ShyIryWInya7h+U9lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193064182248226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=CN, label=图6, caption=Bgl59最适反应pH, figureFileSmall=3lF9+qnWp9MlaLk8xEl6bA==, figureFileBig=0je6ShyIryWInya7h+U9lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193064308077351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Thermal stability of Bgl59., figureFileSmall=tykv23tO7ktbcXn6nYm3JQ==, figureFileBig=eVQ/H4kImF5s0za1lZaU9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193064433906483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=CN, label=图7, caption=Bgl59热稳定性, figureFileSmall=tykv23tO7ktbcXn6nYm3JQ==, figureFileBig=eVQ/H4kImF5s0za1lZaU9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193064555541311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=pH stability of Bgl59., figureFileSmall=FRD77zh9cJYjWKr1Gz1eRA==, figureFileBig=ztUmTXUroWu1C+fvJdKVkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193064664593225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=CN, label=图8, caption=Bgl59 pH稳定性, figureFileSmall=FRD77zh9cJYjWKr1Gz1eRA==, figureFileBig=ztUmTXUroWu1C+fvJdKVkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193064786228049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Effect of metal ions and chemical reagents on the enzymatic activity of recombinant protein Bgl59., figureFileSmall=tpapzE6dMxzLd53WrSzqww==, figureFileBig=zoXVb+sTrrC8F2lS3LBgUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193064949805912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=CN, label=图9, caption=金属离子与化学试剂对重组蛋白Bgl59酶活力的影响, figureFileSmall=tpapzE6dMxzLd53WrSzqww==, figureFileBig=zoXVb+sTrrC8F2lS3LBgUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193065037886302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=EN, label=Figure 10, caption=Effect of different saccharides on Bgl59 enzyme activity., figureFileSmall=Bjwv2QDTHk+yNes/wy698w==, figureFileBig=k0rfs4B2mSD+0oz0b9fbcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193065125966693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同糖类对Bgl59酶活力的影响, figureFileSmall=Bjwv2QDTHk+yNes/wy698w==, figureFileBig=k0rfs4B2mSD+0oz0b9fbcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193065214047085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=EN, label=Figure 11, caption=Effect of different concentrations of glucose and xylose on Bgl59 enzyme activity., figureFileSmall=4MeJ1MfY2zDJucrOxG+Dag==, figureFileBig=qRqofrlsNYh/aFzC1uyWZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193065302127471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同浓度葡萄糖和木糖对Bgl59酶活力的影响, figureFileSmall=4MeJ1MfY2zDJucrOxG+Dag==, figureFileBig=qRqofrlsNYh/aFzC1uyWZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242193065440539517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Bgl59 purification steps

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Purification stepsTotal protein (mg)Total activity (U)Specific activity (U/mg)Purified foldRecovery rate (%)
Crude enzyme48.9479.29.81.0100.0
Ni-column0.9115.9128.813.124.2
), ArticleFig(id=1242193065541202820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

Bgl59纯化步骤

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Purification stepsTotal protein (mg)Total activity (U)Specific activity (U/mg)Purified foldRecovery rate (%)
Crude enzyme48.9479.29.81.0100.0
Ni-column0.9115.9128.813.124.2
), ArticleFig(id=1242193065662837641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Substrate specificity of Bgl59

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SubstrateRelative activity (%)
ND: Not detected.
pNPG100.00±1.70
oNPG32.20±0.50
pNPGal10.10±0.30
oNPGal4.50±1.00
pNP(α)GND
pNP(α)GalND
pNPXND
pNPCND
Cellobiose28.31±2.70
Lactose10.00±0.64
), ArticleFig(id=1242193065763500940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Bgl59的底物特异性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SubstrateRelative activity (%)
ND: Not detected.
pNPG100.00±1.70
oNPG32.20±0.50
pNPGal10.10±0.30
oNPGal4.50±1.00
pNP(α)GND
pNP(α)GalND
pNPXND
pNPCND
Cellobiose28.31±2.70
Lactose10.00±0.64
), ArticleFig(id=1242193065885135766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of enzymatic properties of β-glucosidase from different sources

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
OrganismsEnzymeMolecular weight (kDa)Optimum temperature (℃)Optimum pHKm (mmol/L)Activity
(U/mg)
kcat/Km (s−1·mmol−1)References
ND: Not detected; /: None.
Devosia psychrophilaBgl5948.77556.03.090137.0751.46Present study
Thermomonospora amylolyticatabg12a78.39458.0NDNDND[16]
Streptomyces sp.BGL3-GXT683.00406.00.471NDND[17]
Bacillus thermoamylovoransBgl5252.00706.59.300223.70ND[18]
Streptomyces sp.r-BglNH51.00456.010.90024.10ND[19]
a metagenomic library of mangrove soilBgl126966.00406.00.228NDND[20]
Scytalidum thermophilum/40.00606.50.2908.9045.76[21]
Soil metagenomic librarybgl223880.67446.10.29629.10ND[22]
), ArticleFig(id=1242193066044519324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241451299921785282, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同来源的β-葡萄糖苷酶酶学性质对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
OrganismsEnzymeMolecular weight (kDa)Optimum temperature (℃)Optimum pHKm (mmol/L)Activity
(U/mg)
kcat/Km (s−1·mmol−1)References
ND: Not detected; /: None.
Devosia psychrophilaBgl5948.77556.03.090137.0751.46Present study
Thermomonospora amylolyticatabg12a78.39458.0NDNDND[16]
Streptomyces sp.BGL3-GXT683.00406.00.471NDND[17]
Bacillus thermoamylovoransBgl5252.00706.59.300223.70ND[18]
Streptomyces sp.r-BglNH51.00456.010.90024.10ND[19]
a metagenomic library of mangrove soilBgl126966.00406.00.228NDND[20]
Scytalidum thermophilum/40.00606.50.2908.9045.76[21]
Soil metagenomic librarybgl223880.67446.10.29629.10ND[22]
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嗜冷德沃斯氏菌来源GH1家族β-葡萄糖苷酶Bgl59的原核表达及酶学性质分析
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刘颖 , 董盼盼 , 孙丽芳 , 吴琳娇 , 李兰兰 , 吴允昆 *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(8): 2955-2966
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(8): 2955-2966
嗜冷德沃斯氏菌来源GH1家族β-葡萄糖苷酶Bgl59的原核表达及酶学性质分析
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刘颖, 董盼盼, 孙丽芳, 吴琳娇, 李兰兰, 吴允昆*
作者信息
  • 福建师范大学生命科学学院, 福建 福州 350108
Prokaryotic expression and characterization of the GH1 β-glucosidase Bgl59 from Devosia psychrophila
Ying LIU, Panpan DONG, Lifang SUN, Linjiao WU, Lanlan LI, Yunkun WU*
Affiliations
  • College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
出版时间: 2024-05-28 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240068
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β-葡萄糖苷酶在食品、医学以及生物能源等多个领域有着广泛的应用,因此挖掘新型高效的β-葡萄糖苷酶是十分必要的。【目的】对嗜冷德沃斯氏菌(Devosia psychrophile)来源的GH1家族的葡萄糖苷酶原核表达并测定其酶学性质。【方法】通过人工合成技术得到D. psychrophila来源的β-葡萄糖苷酶的编码基因,命名为bgl59。将该基因转化到大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) BL21(DE3)中,诱导基因表达,对得到的蛋白进行纯化并测定其酶学性质。【结果】Bgl59的分子量为48.8 kDa,最适温度为55 ℃,最适pH为6.0;Bgl59在pH 5.0−8.5范围内处理1 h后仍保持80%以上酶活;在8种供试底物中,Bgl59对4-硝基苯基-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, pNPG)有着最高的水解能力,其Km为3.090 mmol/L,Vmax为194 μmol/(min·mg),kcat为159 s–1;1 mmol/L的Ca2+、Co2+对Bgl59具有明显的激活作用,0.1%的SDS会使酶活全部丧失;0.10 mol/L葡萄糖和0.30 mol/L木糖具有促酶活作用,可分别使Bgl59酶活提高74%和91%;在1.25 mol/L葡萄糖或2.00 mol/L木糖存在的条件下,仍可保持50%以上酶活。【结论】Bgl59的酶学性质优异,具有良好的pH稳定性,对金属离子或化学试剂都具有一定耐受能力,是少见的葡萄糖激活型β-葡萄糖苷酶,具有优良的糖促活性和耐受性,在未来的工业生产以及应用中具有潜在研究价值。

β-葡萄糖苷酶  /  酶学性质  /  GH1家族  /  葡萄糖耐受

β-glucosidases have been widely used in food, medicine, bioenergy and other fields, and thus it is necessary to explore new and efficient β-glucosidases.[Objective] To realize the prokaryotic expression of a GH1 glucosidase derived from Devosia psychrophila and characterize the enzymatic properties of the expressed protein. [Methods] The gene encoding the β-glucosidase derived from D. psychrophila was synthesized, named bgl59, and then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). After the gene expression was induced, and the obtained protein was purified and characterized for the enzymatic properties. [Results] Bgl59 had a molecular weight of 48.8 kDa, with the highest activity at 55 ℃ and pH 6.0. After treatment for 1 h within the range of pH 5.0–8.5, Bgl59 maintained the relative activity over 80%. Bgl59 had the highest hydrolysis ability for 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) among the eight substrates tested, with the Km of 3.090 mmol/L, Vmax of 194 μmol/(min·mg), and kcat of 159 s−1. The presence of 1 mmol/L of Ca2+ and Co2+ had a significant activating effect on Bgl59, while the presence of 0.1% SDS resulted in a complete loss of enzyme activity. The presence of 0.10 mol/L glucose and 0.30 mol/L xylose increased the activity of Bgl59 by 74% and 91%, respectively. Moreover, the enzyme remained the relative activity above 50% even when being cultured with 1.25 mol/L glucose or 2.00 mol/L xylose. [Conclusion] Bgl59 exhibits outstanding enzymatic properties, robust pH stability, and tolerance to metal ions and chemical reagents. It is a rare glucose-activated β-glucosidase with exceptional tolerance to glucose, holding significant potential for future industrial production and application.

β-glucosidase  /  enzymatic properties  /  GH1 family  /  glucose tolerance
刘颖, 董盼盼, 孙丽芳, 吴琳娇, 李兰兰, 吴允昆. 嗜冷德沃斯氏菌来源GH1家族β-葡萄糖苷酶Bgl59的原核表达及酶学性质分析. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (8) : 2955 -2966 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240068
Ying LIU, Panpan DONG, Lifang SUN, Linjiao WU, Lanlan LI, Yunkun WU. Prokaryotic expression and characterization of the GH1 β-glucosidase Bgl59 from Devosia psychrophila[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (8) : 2955 -2966 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240068
β-葡萄糖苷酶(EC 3.2.1.21, β-glucosidase)属于水解酶的一种,能够水解含有β-葡萄糖苷键的β-葡萄糖苷等多种糖缀合物,在水解的同时释放出葡萄糖以及相应的糖基配体[1]。根据结构特征的不同可将β-葡萄糖苷酶分为GH1家族[2]和GH3家族[3]两个家族,GH1家族呈现典型的(α/β)8 TIM-barrel结构和口袋状催化通道,GH3家族包括(β/α)8 TIM-barrel折叠、(α/β)6三明治结构域和未知功能的FnIII结构域。一般来说,GH1家族的β-葡萄糖苷酶在古菌、植物和动物中广泛存在,而GH3家族的β-葡萄糖苷酶主要来自细菌、丝状真菌和酵母[4]。作为一种重要的工业酶,β-葡萄糖苷酶在造纸、纺织[5-6]、食品加工[7]、生物医学以及生物燃料[8]等行业均有广泛应用。当前,应用于工业生产的β-葡萄糖苷酶在应用过程中存在酶活力偏低、反应条件适用范围窄、易受葡萄糖产物抑制等问题,这无疑增加了工业生产的成本,制约了β-葡萄糖苷酶的广泛应用[9]。因此筛选获得高催化效率、不受产物抑制且适用范围较广的β-葡萄糖苷酶非常具有研究价值[10]
嗜冷菌是一类长期生存在寒冷环境中的微生物,比起那些需要在正常或者较高温度下才能发挥最大工作效率的微生物,嗜冷菌已被证明更加经济环保[11]。由嗜冷菌产生的β-葡萄糖苷酶一般在低温至适当温度下能够表现出较高的催化活性,而且适用范围广,例如洗涤剂、食品工业、精细化学品的合成以及生物修复[12],进而克服工业生产中苛刻反应条件对β-葡萄糖苷酶应用的限制[13]。嗜冷德沃斯氏菌(Devosia psychrophila)是一种从奥地利阿尔卑斯山的皮茨塔勒约奇勒冰川采集的冻土中分离出来的嗜冷细菌,为Devosia属,在系统发育上归为α变型菌纲[14]。本研究对NCBI数据库中D. psychrophila来源的β-葡萄糖苷酶序列进行了分析,运用密码子优化以及基因合成技术获得相应基因,命名为bgl59。将bgl59转化进大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)中实现异源表达,进行了Bgl59的酶学性质表征,以期挖掘出一种新型功能酶,为解决β-葡萄糖苷酶在低温条件下的工业应用难题提供思路。
Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)用于蛋白表达,该菌株为本课题组保存菌株,重组表达质粒pET28a-bgl59为通用生物(安徽)股份有限公司构建合成。
蛋白分离用镍柱填料,Novagen公司;5×考马斯亮蓝G-250溶液,北京索莱宝科技有限公司;标准蛋白marker,翌圣生物科技(上海)股份有限公司;EDTA、NaOH等其他试剂均为国产分析纯。
高压匀质机,永联生物科技(上海)有限公司;AKTA pure蛋白质纯化系统,厦门英诺科仪器有限公司;PCR仪,杭州朗基科学仪器有限公司;双层组合式振荡培养箱,上海旻泉仪器有限公司;电泳仪,北京六一生物科技有限公司。
LB培养基(g/L):氯化钠10.0,酵母粉5.0,胰蛋白胨10.0。培养条件:37 ℃、220 r/min,在LB液体培养基中培养Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)。
于NCBI数据库中获得Bgl59 (WP_046170703.1)的氨基酸序列。运用Expasy ProtParam (https://web.expasy.org/protparam/)对该蛋白的基本性质进行分析。运用Clustal Omega (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/clustalo/)进行多序列比对分析。在MEGA X软件中选择邻接法构建系统发育树。
通过热激法将重组表达质粒pET28a-Bgl59转化至感受态Escherichia coli BL21(DE3),在添加了卡那霉素的平板上涂布培养,37 ℃培养过夜后挑选单克隆于添加卡那霉素的LB液体培养基中进行放大培养(37 ℃,220 r/min),当OD600达到0.6−0.8时加入诱导剂IPTG (终浓度为0.3 mmol/L),16 ℃下诱导表达14−16 h。诱导完成后将菌液4 ℃、4 000 r/min离心25 min,去上清,沉淀的菌体用50 mmol/L的Tris-HCl (pH 7.0)缓冲液重悬,倒入高压匀质机中将菌体破碎,经4 ℃、1 350 r/min离心20 min后,获得的上清液为粗酶液。
采用50 mL Ni-NTA柱对粗酶进行纯化,用pH 7.0的Tris-HCl缓冲液配制不同浓度(20、40、60、300 mmol/L)的咪唑洗脱液,依次将杂蛋白从Ni-NTA柱中洗脱下来,在咪唑浓度为300 mmol/L时洗脱目的蛋白,蛋白分子大小、纯度以及表达情况采用SDS-PAGE进行检测。
取170 μL柠檬酸-磷酸氢二钠缓冲液(pH 6.0)于1.5 mL EP管内,在55 ℃下温育5 min,依次加入20 μL浓度为10 mmol/L的4-硝基苯基-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, pNPG),10 μL稀释适当倍数的酶液,55 ℃反应5 min。反应结束后立刻加入50 μL浓度为0.5 mol/L的Na2CO3终止反应。在96孔板中加入200 μL的反应混合液,放入酶标仪,测定该溶液在波长405 nm下的吸光值,根据吸光值在标准曲线中的位置算出酶活力。每组试验设置3个平行。
酶活力单位(U)的定义:在最适条件下,1 min内水解pNPG释放出1 μmol对硝基苯酚(p-nitrophenol pNP)的所需酶量。
来源于D. psychrophila的β-葡萄糖苷酶Bgl59属于糖苷水解酶GH1家族(WP_046170703.1),含有437个氨基酸残基,理论等电点pI为5.41,理论分子量为48.8 kDa。信号肽预测结果表明该酶中无信号肽。使用NCBI Conserved Domains对Bgl59的结构域进行分析,如图1所示,该基因序列编码的蛋白质包含GH1家族的β-葡萄糖苷酶都含有的Bgl B保守结构域(氨基酸残基6−430)。
在NCBI数据库中对Bgl59进行了Protein BLAST,发现Bgl59与来源于Devosia属微生物所产的另3条GH1家族的β-葡萄糖苷酶相似性较高,结果如图2所示。Bgl59与Devosia sp. Root635 (WP_056234560.1)来源的β-葡萄糖苷酶相似度最高,为91.99%;与Devosia sp. Root635l (WP_291364866.1)来源的β-葡萄糖苷酶相似度为91.76%;与Devosia sp. Root436 (WP_056259356.1)来源的β-葡萄糖苷酶相似性为91.08%。Bgl59与所对比的序列都具有NEP和TENG这2个高度保守元件,属于GH1家族特有元件,表明Bgl59属于GH1家族并推测Glu168和Glu351为该酶的催化活性位点。
选取了同源性较高的9个GH1家族的β-葡萄糖苷酶序列,利用NCBI数据库对Bgl59进行了BLAST同源性比对,通过MEGA X软件构建系统发育树,结果如图3所示。图3中可以清晰地看到各β-葡萄糖苷酶之间的同源性,其中Bgl59与WP_056234560.1 (Devosia sp. Root635)亲缘关系最近,序列相似性高达91.99%。
将质粒pET28a-Bgl59转化至Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)中进行诱导表达,通过Ni-NTA亲和层析对蛋白进行纯化,并测定了相应的蛋白浓度(Bradford法)以及酶活(pNPG法)。得到的纯化情况见表1,该重组蛋白的纯化倍数为13.1,比活力达到128.8 U/mg。通过SDS-PAGE对重组蛋白Bgl59的纯化结果进行分析。由图4可知,纯化后的蛋白在48.8 kDa左右的位置有一条明显的条带,这与其理论分子量是一致的。
用pH 7.0的Tris-HCl缓冲液将纯化后的酶稀释适当倍数,以pNPG为反应底物,在10−80 ℃范围内测定该酶的最适反应温度,测定得到的温度与酶活的关系如图5所示。当温度为10−55 ℃时,酶活性随温度的升高而增大,55 ℃时达到最大活性;55 ℃后酶活性随温度升高不断降低。65 ℃之后酶活降低至50%以下,由此可知,该酶的最适反应温度为55 ℃,能够在较大的温度范围内发挥作用。
在最适温度条件下,分别测定该酶在Na2HPO4-Citric acid缓冲液(pH 3.0−6.0)、Tris-HCl缓冲液(pH 6.0−8.0)和NaH2PO4-Na2HPO4缓冲液(pH 8.0−10.0)中的相对酶活,测定得到的pH与酶活关系如图6所示,在pH 5.0−8.0范围内,该酶可以发挥50%以上的酶活,pH为6.0时,酶活力最高,当pH为4.0或者pH高于9.0时酶活力较低,当pH为3.0时基本无酶活。由此可知,该酶的最适反应pH为6.0,并且能在较宽的酸碱范围内发生作用。
将酶置于不同温度下(30、35、40、45、50 ℃)处理不同时间(5、10、15、30、45、60 min),在最适反应条件下(55 ℃,pH 6.0)测定各处理组的酶活,以初始酶活为100%,计算相对酶活,得到该酶的热稳定性结果如图7所示。Bgl59在30−45 ℃时表现出较好的稳定性,酶活能够保持在60%以上,当在50 ℃中作用超40 min后,该酶的酶活将全部丧失。
用不同的pH缓冲液(pH 5.0−8.5)稀释酶液,在37 ℃水浴锅中孵育1 h,在最适条件下(55 ℃,pH 6.0)测定各处理样品的残余酶活,得到的结果如图8所示。在pH 5.0−8.5范围内该酶仍可以保持80%以上的酶活,对于酸碱环境具有一定的适应能力。
在最适反应条件下,分别以pNPG、2-硝基苯基-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, oNPG)、4-硝基苯基-β-D-半乳糖苷(4-nitrophenyl- β-D-galactopyranoside, pNPGal)、2-硝基苯基-β-D-半乳糖苷(2-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside, oNPGal)、4-硝基苯基-α-D-葡萄糖苷(4-nitrophenyl- α-D-glucopyranoside, pNP(α)G)、4-硝基苯基-α-D-半乳糖苷(4-nitrophenyl-α-D-galactopyranoside, pNP(α)Gal)、4-硝基苯基-β-D-木糖苷(4-nitrophenyl- β-D-xylopyranoside, pNPX)、4-硝基苯基-β-D-纤维二糖苷(4-nitrophenyl-β-D-cellobioside, pNPC)、1%的纤维二糖以及乳糖为底物,测定酶对各底物的水解能力,结果如表2所示。在8种供试底物中,当以pNPG作为底物时,酶活最高,此时比酶活达137.07 U/mg。该酶对β型糖苷键底物具有水解专一性,而对α型糖苷键并无水解活性;对不同糖类的糖苷类化合物来说,该酶对葡萄糖苷类底物有最高的水解活力,对半乳糖苷类底物的水解活力次之,而对木糖苷类并无水解活性;对天然底物纤维二糖和乳糖具有一定的水解能力,分别为pNPG活力的28.31%和10.00%。用最适反应pH缓冲液配制不同浓度的pNPG溶液(0.625−20 mmol/L),在最适酶促反应条件下,测定不同底物浓度下的酶活力,于GraphPad软件中非线性拟合Michaelis-Menten方程,得出该酶的Km值为3.090 mmol/L,Vmax为194 U/mg,通过进一步计算可知kcat为159 s−1,催化效率kcat/Km为51.46 s−1·mmol·L−1
以10 mmol/L的pNPG为底物,在反应体系中加入不同的金属离子(终浓度为1 mmol/L)和不同的化学试剂(终浓度为0.1%),在最适反应条件下进行酶促反应,测得金属离子或化学试剂对Bgl59酶活影响如图9所示。终浓度为1 mmol/L的Ca2+、Co2+、Ni2+、Ba2+会对该酶产生一定的激活作用,其中Ca2+对酶的激活作用最强,能够提升约30%的酶活。终浓度为1 mmol/L的Cu2+、Fe3+、Mg2+、K+、Fe2+、Zn2+,以及终浓度为0.1%的EDTA、DTT、Tween 80会产生一定的抑制作用,表面活性剂SDS则会使酶直接失活。
在最适酶促反应条件下,以pNPG为底物,以未添加糖类的试验组为对照,测定不同单糖和蔗糖(终浓度为0.1 mol/L)对酶活力的影响,得到的结果如图10所示。除了果糖、蔗糖以及甘露糖对Bgl59有一定的抑制作用以外,其他单糖均能在一定程度上提高Bgl59的酶活,特别是木糖和葡萄糖,对酶有着最显著的促进作用,可以分别使酶活提升91%和60%。
在酶活测定体系中加入不同浓度(0−2.00 mol/L)的木糖或葡萄糖,以pNPG为底物,在最适条件下进行反应,测定各处理下的相对酶活,结果如图11所示。一定浓度的葡萄糖或木糖均能使Bgl59的酶活得以提高,尤其是在0.10 mol/L葡萄糖或者是0.30 mol/L木糖浓度的条件下,Bgl59受到的激活效果最好,可以分别使酶活提高74%或91%,而后随着浓度的持续升高,激活效果逐渐减弱,在葡萄糖浓度为0.75 mol/L或木糖浓度为1.50 mol/L时,抑制作用开始出现。在2.00 mol/L木糖浓度或1.25 mol/L葡萄糖浓度的反应体系中,Bgl59的酶活仍在50%以上,说明Bgl59对葡萄糖和木糖有较好的耐受性,一般的生理条件下不会出现产物反馈抑制现象。
本研究运用现代生物技术,对Devosia psychrophila来源的β-葡萄糖苷酶(Bgl59)进行重组表达并测定酶学性质。对Bgl59进行多重序列比对发现,Bgl59与另外3条嗜冷菌产生的β-葡萄糖苷酶同样具有GH1家族特有的保守序列以及保守的氨基酸位点,由此可知,Bgl59也属于GH1家族的一员。构建了Bgl59系统发育树并将其与同源性较高的一些序列比对发现,Bgl59与WP_056234560.1 (Devosia sp. Root635)亲缘关系最近,相似度高达91.99%。
β-葡萄糖苷酶在自然界中广泛存在,在各个领域都具有重要的应用价值。一般来说,不同来源的β-葡萄糖苷酶因其生理环境不同,往往其酶学性质也存在显著差异[15],如表3所示。虽然Bgl59来源于嗜冷细菌,但其最适反应温度为55 ℃,最适反应pH为6.0,其性质与一些来源于嗜中温细菌的β-葡萄糖苷酶具有一定的相似性。如来源于Thermomonospora amylolytica的嗜碱β-葡萄糖苷酶tabg12a,其最适反应条件为45 ℃和pH 8.0[16]。β-葡萄糖苷酶BGL3-GXT6来源于链霉菌GXT6,40 ℃为其最适反应温度[17]。Bgl52是一种来源于嗜热淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thermoamylovorans)的β-葡萄糖苷酶,其最适反应温度比Bgl59要高,为70 ℃[18]。在目前所报道的各个β-葡萄糖苷酶的相关研究中,大多数的β-葡萄糖苷酶的最适pH是酸性或者中性,而Bgl59的最适pH是6.0,这一特性与大多数的β-葡萄糖苷酶一样,它们在偏酸性的环境中具有较高活性。
通过酶学性质表征,可以看出重组蛋白Bgl59的温度效应比一些来源于其他微生物的β-葡萄糖苷酶来说具有一定的优势。r-BglNH是源于海洋链霉菌的一种β-葡萄糖苷酶,在45 ℃的条件下作用1 h后仅剩40%的酶活[19];在45 ℃条件下作用0.5 h后,源于土壤宏基因组文库的β-葡萄糖苷酶Bgl1269仅剩20%的酶活[20]。Bgl59与上述2个β-葡萄糖苷酶相比具有较好的热稳定性,在30−45 ℃的温度范围内孵育1 h还能保持60%以上的酶活,在pH 5.0−8.0的环境中,将Bgl59置于37 ℃恒温处理1 h后,该酶能够保持40%以上的酶活,可以看出,无论在酸性还是碱性环境中Bgl59都能够保持一定的稳定性。
Bgl59对天然或者人工合成的底物具有广泛的水解能力,对β-1, 4糖苷键具有水解偏好性。当底物为pNPG时,比活力为137.07 U/mg。来源于嗜热镰刀菌的β-葡萄糖苷酶,当其以pNPG为底物时,比酶活仅为8.9 U/mg[21];来源于宏基因组文库的bgl2238,其最大比酶活为29.1 U/mg[22]。金属离子和化学试剂的存在均会对Bgl59的活性产生一定的影响,其中1 mmol/L的Ca2+以及Co2+对Bgl59活性具有促进作用,而1 mmol/L Cu2+、Fe2+会较为明显地抑制Bgl59的活性。对Bgl59酶活抑制作用最明显的是0.1%的SDS,在此浓度下它能够使酶完全失活。Bgl59在其余金属离子或化学试剂存在时均能保持70%以上的酶活。由此可见,无论是金属离子还是化学试剂,Bgl59都具有较好的耐受性,这一特性也有利于其在工业上的广泛应用。
研究表明在通过木质纤维素生物质生产乙醇的过程中,纤维素的糖化是至关重要的环节[18]。然而在纤维素的水解过程中,其产物葡萄糖会对大多数的β-葡萄糖苷酶产生反馈抑制作用[23-24]。因此,在工业生产中,那些通过简易表达系统就能获得,能够进行高效率催化,并且属于葡萄糖激活型的β-葡萄糖苷酶,有着更高的应用价值,可以使生产成本进一步降低[10]。Bgl59正是符合这一要求的β-葡萄糖苷酶,能够同时被木糖以及葡萄糖所激活,当葡萄糖浓度为0.10 mol/L时激活作用最大,可将酶活提高74%;在木糖浓度为0.30 mol/L时有最好的激活效果,可将酶活提高91%。Bgl59能够表现出较好的木糖或葡萄糖耐受性,在2.00 mol/L木糖浓度或1.25 mol/L葡萄糖浓度的反应体系中还能保持50%以上的酶活。综上所述,本研究为挖掘新型β-葡萄糖苷酶及其功能应用奠定了基础,并为该酶在未来工业上的应用提供了一定的理论支持。
  • 福建省自然科学基金(2019J01280)
  • 福建省自然科学基金(2021J01171)
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240068
  • 接收时间:2024-01-25
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-25
  • 录用日期:2024-05-21
基金
Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2019J01280)
福建省自然科学基金(2019J01280)
Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2021J01171)
福建省自然科学基金(2021J01171)
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    福建师范大学生命科学学院, 福建 福州 350108

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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