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Article(id=1172620565165781685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172620559834821232, articleNumber=1009-2617(2024)01-0060-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.01.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1684857600000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1757504128972, onlineDateStr=2025-09-10, pubDate=1708358400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1757504128972, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1757504128972, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757504128972, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1172620559834821232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2024', volume='43', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='111', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1757504127699, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758625263309, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1177322943446135256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172620559834821232, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1177322943446135257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172620559834821232, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=60, endPage=66, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1172620565434217146, articleId=1172620565165781685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Synergistic Extraction and Separation of Trace Gold in Chloride System, columnId=1152626641181700664, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Experiment Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The separation and enrichment of precious metal gold in chloride system with synergistic extraction system composed of DIBK (HA) and TBP (B) was stuied. The effects of extraction system and composition, extraction time, extraction temperature, aqueous chloride ion concentration,and extraction ratio (VO/VA) on the separation performance of gold extraction was investigated, and the extraction mechanism was preliminarily explored by slope method. The results indicate that under the conditions of synergistic extraction system of TBP-DIBK, total extractant concentration of 1.5 mol/L, n(TBP)∶n(DIBK)=1∶4, extraction time of 20 min,extraction temperature of 20 ℃, VO/VA= 2/1, aqueous chloride ion concentration of 6 mol/L, the extraction rate of gold can reach 98.82%.The maximum gold/copper extraction separation coefficient is 1 189.05. Gradient method suggests that the composition of the extract may be [AuCl6·3A·B]. The extraction chemical reaction formula can be rewritten as: Au3++6Cl-+3HA+B→[AuCl6·3A·B]+3H+.

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朱山(1989—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为溶剂萃取及其机制。

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朱山(1989—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为溶剂萃取及其机制。

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朱山(1989—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为溶剂萃取及其机制。

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[TBP]+[DIBK]:a—1.5 mol/L;b—0.15 mol/L。

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x(TBP) m(TBP)/g m(DIBK)/g
0.0 0.0 2.13
0.2 0.8 1.7
0.4 1.6 1.28
0.6 2.4 0.83
0.8 3.2 0.43
1.0 4.0 0.0
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萃取剂TBP-DIBK总浓度为0.15 mol/L时的TBP摩尔分数

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x(TBP) m(TBP)/g m(DIBK)/g
0.0 0.0 2.13
0.2 0.8 1.7
0.4 1.6 1.28
0.6 2.4 0.83
0.8 3.2 0.43
1.0 4.0 0.0
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试剂名称 规格 厂家
磷酸三丁酯(TBP) 分析纯 上海阿拉丁生化有限公司
二异丁基酮(DIBK) 分析纯 上海阿拉丁生化有限公司
磺化煤油 工业级 茂名市高君石化有限公司
盐酸 分析纯 重庆川东化工(集团)有限公司
去离子水 18.25 MΩ/cm 超级纯水器(实验室自制)
CuCl2·2H2O 分析纯 天津市福晨化学试剂厂
HAuCl4·3H2O 分析纯 上海阿拉丁生化有限公司
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试验用主要试剂

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试剂名称 规格 厂家
磷酸三丁酯(TBP) 分析纯 上海阿拉丁生化有限公司
二异丁基酮(DIBK) 分析纯 上海阿拉丁生化有限公司
磺化煤油 工业级 茂名市高君石化有限公司
盐酸 分析纯 重庆川东化工(集团)有限公司
去离子水 18.25 MΩ/cm 超级纯水器(实验室自制)
CuCl2·2H2O 分析纯 天津市福晨化学试剂厂
HAuCl4·3H2O 分析纯 上海阿拉丁生化有限公司
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设备名称 型号 厂家
集热式恒温加热磁力搅拌器 DF-101S 巩义市予华仪器有限责任公司
电热鼓风干燥箱 101-2A 天津市滨海新区大港红杉试验设备厂
精密电子天平 JE2002 上海浦春计量仪器有限公司
实验室超级纯水器 OKP-M210 上海涞科仪器有限公司
等离子体光谱仪(ICP-OES) PE Avio 200 美国PerkinElmer公司
梨形分液漏斗等玻璃仪器 北京欣维尔玻璃仪器有限公司
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试验用主要仪器设备

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设备名称 型号 厂家
集热式恒温加热磁力搅拌器 DF-101S 巩义市予华仪器有限责任公司
电热鼓风干燥箱 101-2A 天津市滨海新区大港红杉试验设备厂
精密电子天平 JE2002 上海浦春计量仪器有限公司
实验室超级纯水器 OKP-M210 上海涞科仪器有限公司
等离子体光谱仪(ICP-OES) PE Avio 200 美国PerkinElmer公司
梨形分液漏斗等玻璃仪器 北京欣维尔玻璃仪器有限公司
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氯化物体系中微量金的协同萃取分离研究
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朱山 1 , 卢杨潇 1 , 胡久刚 2 , 张谌虎 1
湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2024,43(1): 60-66
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湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2024, 43(1): 60-66
氯化物体系中微量金的协同萃取分离研究
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朱山1, 卢杨潇1, 胡久刚2, 张谌虎1
作者信息
  • 1 六盘水师范学院 化学与材料工程学院, 贵州 六盘水 553000
  • 2 中南大学 化学化工学院, 湖南 长沙 410083

    • 朱山(1989—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为溶剂萃取及其机制。

Synergistic Extraction and Separation of Trace Gold in Chloride System
Shan ZHU1, Yangxiao LU1, Jiugang HU2, Chenhu ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui 553000, China
  • 2 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
出版时间: 2024-02-20 doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.01.010
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摘要
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研究了用DIBK(二异丁基酮,HA)和TBP(磷酸三丁酯,B)协同萃取体系分离和富集氯化物体系中的金,考察了萃取体系及组成、萃取时间和温度、水相中氯离子浓度、萃取相比(VO/VA)对金萃取分离性能的影响,并采用斜率法初步探究萃取机制。结果表明:在协同萃取体系为TBP-DIBK、萃取剂总浓度1.5 mol/L、n(TBP)∶n(DIBK)=1∶4、萃取时间20 min、萃取温度20 ℃、VO/VA=2/1、水相中氯离子浓度6 mol/L条件下,金萃取率可达98.82%,最大金/铜萃取分离系数为1 189.05;斜率法研究表明,萃合物组成可能为[AuCl6·3A·B],其萃取化学反应式可改写为Au3++6Cl-+3HA+B→[AuCl6·3A·B]+3H+。
酸性溶液  /  二异丁基酮  /  磷酸三丁酯  /  协同萃取  /  微量贵金属  /  金

The separation and enrichment of precious metal gold in chloride system with synergistic extraction system composed of DIBK (HA) and TBP (B) was stuied. The effects of extraction system and composition, extraction time, extraction temperature, aqueous chloride ion concentration,and extraction ratio (VO/VA) on the separation performance of gold extraction was investigated, and the extraction mechanism was preliminarily explored by slope method. The results indicate that under the conditions of synergistic extraction system of TBP-DIBK, total extractant concentration of 1.5 mol/L, n(TBP)∶n(DIBK)=1∶4, extraction time of 20 min,extraction temperature of 20 ℃, VO/VA= 2/1, aqueous chloride ion concentration of 6 mol/L, the extraction rate of gold can reach 98.82%.The maximum gold/copper extraction separation coefficient is 1 189.05. Gradient method suggests that the composition of the extract may be [AuCl6·3A·B]. The extraction chemical reaction formula can be rewritten as: Au3++6Cl-+3HA+B→[AuCl6·3A·B]+3H+.

acidic solution  /  diisobutyl ketone  /  tributyl phosphate  /  synergistic extraction  /  trace precious metals  /  gold
朱山, 卢杨潇, 胡久刚, 张谌虎. 氯化物体系中微量金的协同萃取分离研究. 湿法冶金, 2024 , 43 (1) : 60 -66 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.01.010
Shan ZHU, Yangxiao LU, Jiugang HU, Chenhu ZHANG. Synergistic Extraction and Separation of Trace Gold in Chloride System[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2024 , 43 (1) : 60 -66 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.01.010
正文
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贵金属因具有极其优异的抗腐蚀性和催化性能等,在珠宝、催化剂等领域应用广泛[1-2]。我国贵金属资源的人均占有量低于世界平均水平,且多以多金属复杂伴生矿存在,提取难度大,贵金属供需矛盾日益凸显[3]。而电子废弃物中蕴含大量的贵金属资源[4-5],随环境保护要求的日益严格,以及高品位金矿资源的不断枯竭,开发适用于低品位浸出液及二次资源中金等贵金属分离富集的新工艺迫在眉睫[6]。
贵金属的提取方法总体上分为火法和湿法2种工艺。火法工艺存在能耗大、生产成本高、易污染环境等问题[7];而湿法工艺广泛应用于有色金属的提取,贵金属提取较为突出的是溶剂萃取技术[8-12]。针对贵金属的萃取分离,国外研究了“硝酸-氯气”、“硝酸-王水”联合浸出工艺,且取得了较好分离效果[13-14];但在萃取过程中的萃取混合相易出现浑浊现象,不利于相的分离[15]。近些年,为提升金的萃取分离性能,国内外学者[16-21]开展了大量研究工作并取得了一定研究进展,但仍存在负载有机相反萃取困难、萃取剂价格昂贵、设备复杂、萃取剂易挥发、平衡时间长等问题,因此也未能得到广泛应用。
研究表明,以TBP为萃取剂萃取分离多金属复杂溶液中的贵金属金,萃取率仍可达98%以上,但萃取剂难以实现再生循环使用,导致生产成本升高[22-25];而DIBK(二异丁基酮)能显著改善负载TBP的再生性能,但目前关于DIBK和TBP所组成协同萃取体系应用于金的萃取分离缺乏系统研究[26]。因此,试验研究了用TBP-DIBK协同萃取体系从氯化物酸性溶液中分离富集微量贵金属金,并对金的萃取工艺条件进行优化,同时采用斜率法初步探究了萃取机制,旨在提高金的萃取分离性能,从而为该协同萃取体系应用于氯化物酸性溶液中贵金属的分离富集提供技术参考。
1 试验部分
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1.1 试验原料、试剂及设备
模拟料液:根据金川公司的废铜电解液成分配制。称取一定量氯化铜(CuCl2·2H2质量分数≥99.0%)40.25 g,HAuCl4·3H2O 0.1 g,盐酸(37%)458.3 mL,加去离子水定容到1 L容量瓶中制得。
有机相:选定萃取剂TBP和DIBK组成协同萃取体系。TBP相对分子质量为266.32,DIBK相对分子质量为142.24。通过计算称量后配制不同浓度、不同物质的量比的TBP-DIBK萃取体系。称取一定质量萃取剂TBP和DIBK,以磺化煤油作稀释剂,用玻璃棒将萃取剂转移至100 mL容量瓶中,并加入足够的稀释剂,充分摇匀,储存备用。
因萃取剂总浓度为1.5 mol/L时,金萃取分离效果最佳[22-25],同时,为探究低浓度下金的萃取分离效果,试验研究了萃取剂TBP-DIBK总浓度为0.15 mol/L时的TBP摩尔分数(x(TBP)),结果见表1。总浓度为1.5 mol/L时,TBP和DIBK质量均扩大10倍。试验试剂及仪器设备分别见表2、3。
1.2 试验及分析方法
试验在100 mL的具塞锥形瓶中进行,按一定摩尔分数比将TBP与DIBK配制成一定浓度混合萃取剂,并与一定氯离子浓度的水相混合,控制相比为一定值,将锥形瓶置于恒温水浴锅中,调节温度至设定值,磁力搅拌萃取一定时间,萃取反应结束后静置3 min,分液,得萃余液和负载有机相。
采用等离子体光谱仪法(ICP-OES)测定水相中金属离子含量,采用差减法计算有机相中金属离子含量。金/铜萃取率(EB)、金/铜萃取分配比(DB)、金/铜萃取分离系数(β)计算公式如下:
${E}_{B}=\frac{{\rho }_{B1}}{{\rho }_{B0}}\times 100\%;$
${D}_{B}=\frac{{\rho }_{{ }_{B1}}}{{\rho }_{B2}};$
$\beta =\frac{D\left(Au\right)}{D\left(Cu\right)}。$
式中:ρB0—模拟溶液中金属离子(金、铜)质量浓度,mg/L;ρB1—萃取平衡时有机相中金属(金、铜)离子质量浓度,mg/L;ρB2—萃余液中金属离子(金、铜)质量浓度,mg/L;D(Au)、D(Cu)—金、铜萃取分配比。
1.3 协同萃取机制的探讨
斜率法是最常用、应用范围最广泛的萃取机制研究方法之一,主要根据萃取化学反应的平衡常数测定萃合物的化学计量数探究萃取机制,进而确定萃取反应方程式中的系数[26-27]。
金主要是以$\mathrm{AuCl}_{4}^{-}$离子形态存在于酸性溶液中,萃取反应式为
Au3++xCl-+aHA+bB→[AuClx·aA·bB]+aH+。
萃取平衡常数K可表示为
K=$\begin{array}{l}\frac{[AuC{l}_{x}•aA•b\left.B\right]•[{H}^{+}{]}^{a}}{\left[A\right.{u}^{3+}\left]\right[C{l}^{-}{]}^{x}{\left[HA\right]}^{a}{\left[B\right]}^{b}}=\\ \frac{D[{H}^{+}{]}^{a}}{\left[C\right.{l}^{-}{]}^{x}{\left[A\right]}^{a}{\left[B\right]}^{b}}\end{array}$。
式中:[Au3+]—水相中金离子浓度,mol/L;[HA]、[B]—有机相中萃取剂DIBK、TPB游离浓度,mol/L;[AuClx·aA·bB]—负载有机相中萃合物浓度,mol/L。
对式(2)两边取对数,得
lg D(Au)=lg K+xlg[Cl-]+alg[HA]+blg[B]+apH。
若保持氯离子浓度、萃取剂TBP浓度和pH不变,只改变萃取剂DIBK浓度,以lg D(Au)对lg[DIBK]作图,得到直线斜率为a;以此类推,保持氯离子浓度、萃取剂DIBK浓度和pH不变,改变萃取剂TBP浓度,以lg D对lg[TBP]作图,得到直线斜率b;保持萃取剂TBP、DIBK浓度和pH不变,改变氯离子浓度,以lg D对lg[Cl-]作图,得到直线斜率为x。经过试验求得待定常数x、a和b后,即可得出负载有机相中金萃合物的组成。
2 试验结果与讨论
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2.1 协同萃取剂组成对萃取分离金的影响
萃取相比VO/VA=1/1,水相中氯离子浓度6 mol/L,萃取时间10 min,协同萃取剂TBP-DIBK总浓度分别为0.15、1.5 mol/L,在20 ℃水浴锅中进行磁力搅拌萃取,考察TBP摩尔分数对金/铜萃取分配比的影响,试验结果如图1所示。
由图1看出:协同萃取剂TBP-DIBK总浓度分别为0.15 和1.5 mol/L时,铜萃取分配比相对于金萃取分配比都极小,表明该萃取体系能实现金、铜高效分离。TBP-DIBK总浓度为0.15 mol/L时,随TBP摩尔分数增大,金萃取分配比增大;TBP摩尔分数为1.0时,金萃取分配比达最大,为77.43,此时金萃取率为98.73%。TBP-DIBK 总浓度为1.5 mol/L时,金萃取分配比随TBP摩尔分数先增大后减小,之后小幅变化,在TBP摩尔分数为0.2时,金萃取分配比达最大,为1 492.36,此时金萃取率达99.93%。TBP-DIBK总浓度0.15 mol/L时的金萃取分配比远远低于1.5 mol/L时。综合考虑,确定协同萃取体系TBP-DIBK总浓度为1.5 mol/L,其中TBP摩尔分数为0.2,即n(TBP)∶n(DIBK)=1∶4。
2.2 萃取时间对萃取分离金的影响
协同萃取剂TBP-DIBK总浓度1.5 mol/L,TBP摩尔分数0.2,水相中氯离子浓度6 mol/L,萃取相比VO/VA=1/1,在20 ℃水浴锅中进行磁力搅拌萃取,考察萃取时间对萃取分离金的影响,试验结果如图2所示。可以看出,金萃取率随萃取时间延长而逐渐升高:萃取10 min时,金萃取率达98.34%;继续萃取,金萃取率变化很小;萃取25 min,萃取率达99.92%。这是因为萃取10 min,有机相对金的萃取几乎达到饱和状态,萃取时间继续延长,对金萃取率影响很小。而随萃取时间延长,铜萃取率逐渐降低,但降幅不大;金/铜萃取分离系数随萃取时间延长逐渐增大,萃取20 min时达89.90,继续萃取变化不大。因此,综合考虑萃取平衡时间、萃取率、生产成本等因素,选择最佳萃取时间为20 min。
2.3 萃取温度对萃取分离金的影响
协同萃取剂TBP-DIBK总浓度1.5 mol/L,TBP摩尔分数0.2,水相中氯离子浓度6 mol/L,萃取相比VO/VA=1/1,在水浴锅中进行磁力搅拌萃取20 min,考察萃取温度对萃取分离金的影响,试验结果如图3所示。
由图3看出:随萃取温度升高,金萃取率降低,金/铜萃取分离系数随萃取温度升高几乎呈线性减小趋势,这可能是因为协同萃取体系TBP-DIBK萃取金是放热反应[28],温度降低有利于金萃取反应向正方向进行;而随萃取温度升高,铜萃取率逐渐升高,这可能是由铜的萃取过程是吸热反应导致;萃取温度为20 ℃时,金萃取率最大,为98.34%,铜萃取率最小,为1.79%,此时金/铜萃取分离系数达最大,为102.79。综合考虑,选择最佳萃取温度为20 ℃。
2.4 萃取相比(VO/VA)对萃取分离金的影响
协同萃取剂TBP-DIBK总浓度1.5 mol/L,TBP摩尔分数0.2,水相中氯离子浓度6 mol/L,在20 ℃水浴锅中进行磁力搅拌萃取20 min,考察萃取相比(VO/VA)对萃取分离金的影响,试验结果如图4所示。
由图4看出:金萃取率随VO/VA增大先降低后升高,之后逐渐趋于平稳。VO/VA增至2/1时,金萃取率达98.82%。继续增大VO/VA至4/1,金萃取率达99.24%。铜萃取率随VO/VA增大的变化趋势与金相同,但变化幅度较小。萃取相比过高会使萃取剂消耗过多,而金萃取率增大有限,造成生产成本增加,且在萃取相比为2/1时,金铜萃取分离系数达最大,为1 189.05。综合考虑萃取相比对金的萃取分离性能和生产成本,选择最佳萃取相比为VO/VA=2/1。
2.5 水相中氯离子浓度对萃取分离金的影响
协同萃取剂TBP-DIBK总浓度1.5 mol/L,TBP摩尔分数0.2,萃取相比VO/VA=2/1,在20 ℃水浴锅中进行磁力搅拌萃取20 min,考察水相中氯离子浓度对萃取分离金的影响,试验结果如图5所示。
由图5看出:随水相中氯离子浓度增大,金萃取率升高,水相中氯离子浓度增至6 mol/L时,金萃取率达98.82%;之后继续增大氯离子浓度,金萃取率升幅较小。这可能是因为:水相氯离子浓度小于6 mol/L时,水相中金主要以游离Au3+形态存在,萃取过程为溶剂化萃取机制,金以AuCl3-xx形态进入萃合物,因此协同萃取体系对金的萃取能力随盐酸浓度增加而提升[9];而水相中氯离子浓度大于6 mol/L时,绝大部分金离子已被萃取,导致金萃取率升幅很小。
由图5还可看出:随水相中氯离子浓度增大,铜萃取率逐渐升高,但升幅较小。氯离子浓度过高(大于6 mol/L)时,铜萃取率虽呈上升趋势,但金萃取率升幅不大,而加入过多盐酸会增加成本,还会加大后续含氯废水处理难度,导致经济成本增大,且金/铜萃取分离系数在水相氯离子浓度为6 mol/L时达最大,为1 189.05,综合考虑,选择最佳水相中氯离子浓度为6 mol/L。
3 金萃取机制的探究
收起
控制萃取相比(VO/VA)为2/1、萃取时间20 min,在20 ℃的恒温水浴锅中进行磁力搅拌萃取,分别改变DIBK(HA)和TBP(B)、氯离子浓度,考察其对金萃取分配比的影响。即恒定萃取剂TBP浓度为0.3 mol/L和氯离子浓度为6 mol/L,考察DIBK浓度(0.01、0.02、0.03、0.04、0.05 mol/L)对金萃取分配比的影响;恒定萃取剂DIBK浓度为0.3 mol/L和氯离子浓度为6 mol/L,考察TBP浓度(0.01、0.02、0.03、0.04、0.05 mol/L)对金萃取分配比的影响;恒定萃取剂TBP浓度为0.3 mol/L和DIBK浓度为1.2 mol/L,考察氯离子浓度(4、5、6、7、8 mol/L)对金萃取分配比的影响。以lg D(Au)对lg[DIBK]、lg[TBP]和lg[Cl-]作图,结果如图6~8所示。
由图6~8看出:以lg D(Au)对lg[TBP]作图,线性拟合曲线斜率为1.17,约等于1,说明1 mol萃合物分子中含1 mol TBP分子;以lg D(Au)对lg[DIBK]作图,线性拟合曲线斜率为2.78,约等于3,说明1 mol萃合物分子含有3 mol DIBK分子;以lg (D)对lg[Cl-]作图,线性拟合斜率为6.08,约等于6,说明1 mol萃合物分子含有6 mol Cl-。
根据斜率法研究TBP、DIBK和水相中氯离子浓度对金萃取分配比的影响。结果表明:金以$\mathrm{AuCl}_{6}^{3-}$形态进入萃合物中。而萃合物中只能是中性分子,因此萃取剂必然会失去质子与含金离子$\mathrm{AuCl}_{6}^{3-}$形成中性萃合物。在TBP-DIBK协萃体系中,TBP为中性萃取剂,不能失去质子,只能是DIBK失去质子。因此,萃合物组成可能为[AuCl6·3A·B],其萃取化学反应式(4)可改写为
Au3++6Cl-+3HA+B→[AuCl6·3A·B]+3H+。
4 结论
收起
在酸性溶液中,协同萃取体系DIBK(二异丁基酮,HA)和TBP(磷酸三丁酯,B)能较好地萃取分离金、铜。在TBP-DIBK协同萃取体系总浓度1.5 mol/L、n(TBP)∶n(DIBK)=1∶4、萃取时间20 min、萃取温度20 ℃、萃取相比VO/VA=2/1、水相中氯离子浓度6 mol/L最佳萃取分离工艺条件下,金萃取率可达98.82%,金/铜萃取分离系数达最大,为1 189.05。采用TBP-DIBK协同萃取体系萃取金的反应可能是放热反应。金萃合物组成可能为[AuCl6·3A·B],其萃取化学反应式可写为
Au3++6Cl-+3HA+B→[AuCl6·3A·B]+3H+。
基金
收起
  • 六盘水师范学院培育项目(LPSSY2023KJZDPY05)
  • 贵州省教育厅自然科学研究重点领域项目(黔教合KY字[2020]049)
  • 贵州省六盘水师范学院院士工作站项目(黔科合平台人才[2019]5604号)
  • 贵州省煤炭洁净利用重点实验室项目(黔科合平台人才[2020]2001)
  • 贵州省一流专业项目(GZSylzy202103)
  • 贵州省高等学校煤炭产业碳中和工程研究中心(黔教技[2023]044号)
  • 贵州省教育厅项目(黔教技[2023]087号)
文献
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2024年第43卷第1期
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doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.01.010
  • 接收时间：2023-05-24
  • 首发时间：2025-09-10
  • 出版时间：2024-02-20
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  • 收稿日期：2023-05-24
基金
六盘水师范学院培育项目(LPSSY2023KJZDPY05)
贵州省教育厅自然科学研究重点领域项目(黔教合KY字[2020]049)
贵州省六盘水师范学院院士工作站项目(黔科合平台人才[2019]5604号)
贵州省煤炭洁净利用重点实验室项目(黔科合平台人才[2020]2001)
贵州省一流专业项目(GZSylzy202103)
贵州省高等学校煤炭产业碳中和工程研究中心(黔教技[2023]044号)
贵州省教育厅项目(黔教技[2023]087号)
作者信息
    1 六盘水师范学院 化学与材料工程学院, 贵州 六盘水 553000
    2 中南大学 化学化工学院, 湖南 长沙 410083
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/sfyj/CN/10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.01.010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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