Article(id=1172620561789370429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172620559834821232, articleNumber=1009-2617(2024)01-0020-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.01.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1695312000000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1757504128167, onlineDateStr=2025-09-10, pubDate=1708358400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1757504128167, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1757504128167, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757504128167, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1172620559834821232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2024', volume='43', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='111', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1757504127699, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758625263309, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1177322943446135256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172620559834821232, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1177322943446135257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172620559834821232, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=20, endPage=28, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1172620562108137534, articleId=1172620561789370429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Acid Leaching Process of Laterite Nickel Ore with High Iron Content and Low Grade, columnId=1152626641181700664, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Experiment Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The change of iron grade in the leaching residue and the leaching kinetics under normal pressure and pressure were examined. The pressure leaching of nickel and cobalt from a high iron and low grade laterite nickel ore in Indonesia with sulfuric acid was studied. The results show that under the conditions of acid/ore ratio of 260 kg/t, leaching temperature of 250 ℃ (corresponding to water vapor pressure of 4.0 MPa), liquid volume/solid mass ratio of 3/1, stirring speed of 300 r/min, particle size of 100 mesh and reaction time of 1 h, the leaching rates of nickel, cobalt and iron are 98.1%, 98.3% and 4.7%, respectively, and the iron grade can reach 51.3%. The leaching processes of nickel and cobalt under pressure and atmospheric pressure are in line with the shrinkage kernel model of interfacial chemical reaction control, and the activation energies of the reactions are 116 kJ/mol and 91 kJ/mol under pressure, respectively, and the activation energies of the reaction under atmospheric pressure are 41 kJ/mol and 53 kJ/mol, respectively. The leaching is mainly goethite under normal pressure, and chromite, magnetite and other mineral phases under high pressure.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jiawen GUO, Jinzhong CHEN, Jifu FENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1172620961967915783, articleId=1172620561789370429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=CN, title=高铁低品位红土镍矿酸浸工艺研究, columnId=1152626641328501305, journalTitle=湿法冶金, columnName=试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=研究了用硫酸从印尼某高铁低品位红土镍矿中加压酸浸镍、钴、铁,并探讨了浸出渣中铁品位变化及常压、加压下的浸出动力学。结果表明:在酸矿比260 kg/t、温度250 ℃(对应水蒸气压力4.0 MPa)、液固体积质量比3/1、搅拌速度300 r/min、粒度100目、反应时间1 h条件下,镍、钴、铁浸出率分别为98.1%、98.3%、4.7%,铁品位可达51.3%;加压和常压下,镍、钴浸出过程均符合界面化学反应控制的收缩核模型,加压下反应活化能分别为116、91 kJ/mol,常压下反应活化能分别为41、53 kJ/mol;常压下主要是针铁矿的浸出,高压下主要是铬铁矿、磁铁矿等矿相的浸出。, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
陈进中(1968—),男,博士,教授级高级工程师,主要研究方向为有色金属冶金。E-mail:
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郭佳文(1998—),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为湿法冶金。

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郭佳文(1998—),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为湿法冶金。

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郭佳文(1998—),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为湿法冶金。

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a、d—0 min;b、e—反应30 min;c、f—反应60 min。

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Ni Co Fe Mg Ca Si Al Cr Mn
0.83 0.069 44.97 1.02 0.06 1.34 3.08 2.19 0.69
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红土镍矿的化学成分分析结果 %

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Ni Co Fe Mg Ca Si Al Cr Mn
0.83 0.069 44.97 1.02 0.06 1.34 3.08 2.19 0.69
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温度/℃ kr/10-3 R2
210 0.91 0.97
230 2.48 0.99
250 7.32 0.97
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不同温度下镍的浸出动力学拟合速率常数及相关系数

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温度/℃ kr/10-3 R2
210 0.91 0.97
230 2.48 0.99
250 7.32 0.97
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温度/℃ kr/10-3 R2
210 0.56 0.99
230 1.40 0.97
250 2.87 0.98
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不同温度下钴的浸出动力学拟合速率常数及相关系数

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温度/℃ kr/10-3 R2
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230 1.40 0.97
250 2.87 0.98
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温度/℃ kr/10-3 R2
60 0.106 0.92
70 0.173 0.94
80 0.256 0.96
90 0.367 0.96
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不同温度下镍的浸出动力学拟合速率常数及相关系数

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70 0.173 0.94
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温度/℃ kr/10-3 R2
60 0.186 0.93
70 0.345 0.97
80 0.691 0.93
90 0.872 0.95
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不同温度下钴的浸出动力学拟合速率常数及相关系数

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温度/℃ kr/10-3 R2
60 0.186 0.93
70 0.345 0.97
80 0.691 0.93
90 0.872 0.95
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高铁低品位红土镍矿酸浸工艺研究
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郭佳文 1, 2, 3, 4 , 陈进中 1, 2, 3 , 冯吉福 4
湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2024,43(1): 20-28
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湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2024, 43(1): 20-28
高铁低品位红土镍矿酸浸工艺研究
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郭佳文1, 2, 3, 4, 陈进中1, 2, 3 , 冯吉福4
作者信息
  • 1 桂林理工大学 材料科学与工程学院, 广西 桂林 541004
  • 2 桂林理工大学 有色金属及材料加工新技术教育部重点实验室, 广西 桂林 541004
  • 3 桂林理工大学 有色金属矿产勘查与资源高效利用省部共建协同创新中心, 广西 桂林 541004
  • 4 中国有色桂林矿产地质研究院有限公司, 广西 桂林 541004
  • 郭佳文(1998—),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为湿法冶金。

通讯作者:

陈进中(1968—),男,博士,教授级高级工程师,主要研究方向为有色金属冶金。E-mail:
Acid Leaching Process of Laterite Nickel Ore with High Iron Content and Low Grade
Jiawen GUO1, 2, 3, 4, Jinzhong CHEN1, 2, 3 , Jifu FENG4
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of New Technology for Non Ferrous Metals and Materials Processing, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
  • 3 Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Efficient Utilization of Resources, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
  • 4 China Nonferrous Guilin Institute of Mineral Geology Co., Ltd., Guilin 541004, China
出版时间: 2024-02-20 doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.01.004
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研究了用硫酸从印尼某高铁低品位红土镍矿中加压酸浸镍、钴、铁,并探讨了浸出渣中铁品位变化及常压、加压下的浸出动力学。结果表明:在酸矿比260 kg/t、温度250 ℃(对应水蒸气压力4.0 MPa)、液固体积质量比3/1、搅拌速度300 r/min、粒度100目、反应时间1 h条件下,镍、钴、铁浸出率分别为98.1%、98.3%、4.7%,铁品位可达51.3%;加压和常压下,镍、钴浸出过程均符合界面化学反应控制的收缩核模型,加压下反应活化能分别为116、91 kJ/mol,常压下反应活化能分别为41、53 kJ/mol;常压下主要是针铁矿的浸出,高压下主要是铬铁矿、磁铁矿等矿相的浸出。
红土镍矿  /  高铁  /  低品位  /  镍  /  钴  /  酸浸  /  动力学

The change of iron grade in the leaching residue and the leaching kinetics under normal pressure and pressure were examined. The pressure leaching of nickel and cobalt from a high iron and low grade laterite nickel ore in Indonesia with sulfuric acid was studied. The results show that under the conditions of acid/ore ratio of 260 kg/t, leaching temperature of 250 ℃ (corresponding to water vapor pressure of 4.0 MPa), liquid volume/solid mass ratio of 3/1, stirring speed of 300 r/min, particle size of 100 mesh and reaction time of 1 h, the leaching rates of nickel, cobalt and iron are 98.1%, 98.3% and 4.7%, respectively, and the iron grade can reach 51.3%. The leaching processes of nickel and cobalt under pressure and atmospheric pressure are in line with the shrinkage kernel model of interfacial chemical reaction control, and the activation energies of the reactions are 116 kJ/mol and 91 kJ/mol under pressure, respectively, and the activation energies of the reaction under atmospheric pressure are 41 kJ/mol and 53 kJ/mol, respectively. The leaching is mainly goethite under normal pressure, and chromite, magnetite and other mineral phases under high pressure.

laterite nickel ore  /  high iron content  /  low grade  /  nickel  /  cobalt  /  acid leaching  /  dynamics
郭佳文, 陈进中, 冯吉福. 高铁低品位红土镍矿酸浸工艺研究. 湿法冶金, 2024 , 43 (1) : 20 -28 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.01.004
Jiawen GUO, Jinzhong CHEN, Jifu FENG. Acid Leaching Process of Laterite Nickel Ore with High Iron Content and Low Grade[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2024 , 43 (1) : 20 -28 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.01.004
世界镍资源主要分为硫化镍矿和红土镍矿,随着高品位硫化镍矿的日渐枯竭,高效开发利用红土镍矿显得尤为重要。红土镍矿可分为3种类型:褐铁矿型、中间过渡型和硅镁镍矿型(蛇纹石型)。褐铁矿型红土镍矿主要位于矿床的偏上部,以针铁矿、赤铁矿等矿物为主,镍质量分数较低,一般为0.6%~1.4%,铁质量分数较高,一般为36%~50%[1]。高品位红土镍矿可通过火法工艺得到镍铁,但该法却不适用于低品位红土镍矿,直至加压酸浸技术的出现,才使得低品位红土镍矿中的镍钴能以硫酸盐形式产出,经后续处理后可用作新能源电池材料[2-5]。低品位红土镍矿的开发和利用在全球范围内正在逐渐兴起,且随着技术的不断进步和政策的支持力度加大,未来低品位红土镍矿的开发利用前景将更加广阔。我国也在积极探索低品位红土镍矿的开发和利用,如一些企业正在菲律宾和印尼开发低品位红土镍矿,并利用这些矿石生产出镍铁合金等产品,以满足国内市场需求。
红土镍矿浸出渣中铁含量未达铁矿品位要求,硫含量也较高,难以实现资源化利用,目前主要处理方式仍为堆存或深海填埋,易造成资源浪费和环境污染[2]。如果能将含高铁浸出渣作为一种铁资源加以利用,如通过协同浸出[6-8]进一步提高铁品位,并用碳酸盐作为脱硫剂对浸出渣进行脱硫处理[9],则有望缓解目前红土镍矿冶炼成本高、环境污染大等问题。
为实现高铁低品位红土镍矿的高效开发利用,试验对印尼某高铁低品位红土镍矿加压浸出工艺、浸出渣中铁品位变化,以及常压、加压下浸出动力学进行研究,分析了常压、加压下的浸出特征,以期为高铁低品位红土镍矿后续协同浸出及资源化利用提供数据支撑和技术参考。
试验用原料为印尼某高铁低品位的红土镍矿,矿物粒度为0.15~0.28 mm,化学成分见表1,物相分析结果如图1所示。
表1看出:试验用红土镍矿含铁量较高,镍、钴、镁含量较低。由图1看出:红土镍矿主要成分为针铁矿、磁铁矿、蛇纹石、铬铁矿和赤铁矿。
主要试剂:浓硫酸,98%;纯水。
主要设备:GSH-1型高压釜;DHLT-9076A型干燥箱;725-ICPOES型电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪。
称取200 g原料置于高压釜中,依照设定条件加入硫酸与纯水,设置温度与搅拌速度开始反应。反应结束后,保留滤液,对矿浆进行过滤、冲洗;浸出渣烘干、称量、溶解,测定浸出液中镍、钴、铁浓度,计算浸出率。加压酸浸过程中的主要化学反应如下[10]:
NiO+H2SO4═══════NiSO4+H2O;
CoO+H2SO4═══════CoSO4+H2O;
2FeO·OH+3H2SO4═══════Fe2(SO4)3+4H2O;
Fe2 (SO4)3+3H2O═══════Fe2O3↓+3H2SO4
金属浸出率计算公式为
$x=\frac{{m}_{1}}{m}\times 100\%。$
式中:x—金属浸出率,%;m1—浸出液中金属质量,g;m—矿样中金属质量,g。
在反应温度230 ℃(对应水蒸气压力2.8 MPa),浸出时间1 h、搅拌速度400 r/min、液固体积质量比3/1、矿物粒度100目条件下,酸矿比对镍、钴、铁浸出率和浸出渣铁品位的影响试验结果如图2所示。
图2(a)看出,镍、钴浸出率均随酸矿比增大而明显升高:酸矿比增至260 kg/t时,镍、钴浸出率趋于平稳;继续增大酸矿比,镍、钴浸出率基本不受影响。这是由于随酸矿比增大,反应体系中矿物与硫酸接触概率增大,有利于金属浸出。铁浸出率随酸矿比增大略有升高。综合考虑,选择酸矿比为260 kg/t较合适,此条件下镍、钴、铁浸出率分别为80.0%、95.1%、3.5%。由图2(b)看出:铁品位随酸矿比增大而降低,这是由于溶液中H+浓度随酸矿比增大而升高,对铁的水解反应有一定抑制作用,使得液相中铁含量增加,浸出渣中铁品位升高。在酸矿比260 kg/t下,铁品位达51.2%,渣率为84.8%。
在酸矿比260 kg/t、浸出时间1 h、搅拌速度400 r/min、液固体积质量比3/1、矿物粒度100目条件下,温度对镍、钴、铁浸出率和浸出渣中铁品位的影响试验结果如图3所示。
图3(a)看出:镍、钴浸出率均随温度升高而升高,在250 ℃时,浸出率逐渐趋于平稳;继续升温,浸出率随之变化幅度很小。这是由于随温度升高,红土镍矿在浸出剂中的浸出反应活性增加,各反应更易进行,从而使镍、钴浸出率提高。铁浸出率随温度升高变化不大。综合考虑,选择温度为250 ℃较为合适,此条件下镍、钴、铁浸出率分别为98.1%、98.8%、4.7%。由图3(b)看出:铁品位随温度的升高变化不大,反应温度250 ℃(对应水蒸气压力4.0 MPa)时,铁品位达51.3%,渣率为83.6%。
在温度250 ℃(对应水蒸气压力4.0 MPa)、酸矿比260 kg/t、反应时间1 h、搅拌速度400 r/min、矿物粒度100目条件下,液固体积质量比对镍、钴、铁浸出率和浸出渣中铁品位的影响试验结果如图4所示。
图4(a)看出:液固体积质量比从0.5/1增至2/1,镍、钴浸出率均呈小幅上升趋势;继续增大液固体积质量比,镍、钴对浸出率变化不大;随液固体积质量比增大,铁浸出率变化不大。液固体积质量比过小会使溶液黏度增大,影响浸出效率,且试验操作难度增大;而液固体积质量比过大会使过滤及后续工艺操作成本增加。综合考虑,选择液固体积质量比为3/1较为合适,此条件下镍、钴、铁浸出率分别为98.1%、98.82%、4.7%。由图4(b)看出:液固体积质量比对铁品位影响不大,液固体积质量比为3/1条件下,铁品位51.3%,渣率为83.6%。
在温度250 ℃(对应水蒸气压力4.0 MPa)、酸矿比260 kg/t、反应时间1 h、液固体积质量比3/1、矿物粒度100目条件下,搅拌速度对镍、钴、铁浸出率和浸出渣中铁品位的影响试验结果如图5所示。
图5(a)看出:搅拌速度从50 r/min增至300 r/min时,镍、钴浸出率也随之增加;继续增大搅拌速度,镍浸出率逐渐趋于平稳;铁浸出率受搅拌速度的影响不大。搅拌速度过大,会使能耗增大、成本增加;搅拌速度过小,可能会造成搅拌不充分,矿浆中颗粒发生沉积,影响浸出效率。综合考虑,选择搅拌速度为300 r/min较合适,此条件下镍、钴、铁浸出率分别为98.1%、98.3%、4.7%。由图5(b)看出:搅拌速度对铁品位影响不大,搅拌速度为300 r/min条件下,铁品位为51.3%,渣率为83.6%。
在温度250 ℃(对应水蒸气压力4.0 MPa)、酸矿比260 kg/t、液固体积质量比3∶1、矿物粒度100目、搅拌速度300 r/min条件下,反应时间对镍、钴、铁浸出率和浸出渣中铁品位的影响试验结果如图6所示。
图6(a)看出:随反应时间延长,镍、钴浸出率升高,反应60 min时镍、钴浸出率达最大;继续延长反应时间,浸出率无明显变化。随反应时间延长,反应体系传质更加均匀,有利于矿物中金属的浸出,反应60 min时,浸出达到平衡。铁浸出率随时间延长无明显变化。综合考虑,选择反应时间为60 min较合适,此条件下镍、钴、铁浸出率分别为98.1%、98.3%、4.7%。由图6(b)看出:铁品位随反应时间延长变化不大,反应60 min时,铁品位为51.3%,渣率为83.6%。
在温度250 ℃(对应水蒸气压力4.0 MPa)、酸矿比260 kg/t、液固体积质量比3∶1、搅拌速度为300 r/min、反应时间60 min条件下,原矿粒度对镍、钴、铁浸出率和浸出渣中铁品位的影响试验结果如图7所示。由图7(a)看出:原矿粒度由40目减小至100目,镍、钴浸出率升高,继续减小原矿粒度,镍、钴浸出率基本保持不变;铁浸出率随原矿粒度变化不大。粒度过小不仅会增加磨矿加工成本,而且会造成后续液固分离困难,降低经济效益。综合考虑,原矿粒度选择100目较合适,此条件下镍、钴、铁浸出率分别为98.1%、98.3%、4.7%。由图7(b)看出:原矿粒度对铁品位影响很小,原矿粒度100目条件下,铁品位为51.3%,渣率为83.6%。
在温度250 ℃(对应浸出压力4.0 MPa)、酸矿比260 g/t、液固体积质量比3/1、搅拌速度300 r/min、反应时间60 min、矿物粒度100目最优工艺条件下,所得浸出渣的XRD图谱如图8所示。
图8看出:浸出渣中的物相主要为赤铁矿。加压酸浸过程中,硫酸破坏矿物结构,使存在于铁矿物中的镍、钴、铁等金属转化为离子进入到浸出液中,之后在高温下,浸出液中的铁发生强烈的水解反应,生成赤铁矿进入浸出渣中。
在温度250 ℃(对应浸出压力4.0 MPa),酸矿比260 kg/t、液固体积质量比3/1、搅拌速度300 r/min、反应时间60 min、矿物粒度100目条件下进行加压浸出动力学试验。不同温度下镍、钴浸出率随反应时间的变化趋势如图9所示。可以看出:温度相同时,镍、钴浸出率随反应时间的延长而逐渐升高;反应时间相同时,温度越高,镍、钴浸出率越高。
采用收缩核模型[11-15]对镍、钴的浸出动力学曲线进行拟合,动力学方程如式(6)所示,拟合曲线如图10所示,相关拟合参数见表23
$1-{(1-x)}^{\frac{1}{3}}={k}_{r}t。$
式中:x—金属浸出率,%;kr—界面化学反应速率常数,min-1;t—浸出时间,min。
表23看出:镍、钴的加压浸出界面化学反应控制动力学拟合相关系数都在0.97以上,表明镍、钴的浸出受界面化学反应控制[11-15];随温度升高,化学反应速率常数逐渐增大,说明加压酸浸反应是吸热过程,升温有利于反应进行。
通过阿伦尼乌斯方程:
$ln k=ln A-\frac{E}{RT}$
式中:k—反应速率常数,min-1;A—指数因子,min-1;R—理想气体常数,8.314 J/(mol·K);T—热力学温度,K;E—表观活化能,kJ/mol。
以ln ky轴,1/Tx轴作图,采用阿伦尼乌斯方程对镍、钴浸出反应速率常数进行拟合,结果如图11所示。通过计算可以得出,镍、钴的浸出反应表观活化能分别为116、91 kJ/mol,计算所得活化能介于40~300 kJ/mol范围内,因此判断,镍和钴浸出反应受界面化学反应控制。
在酸矿比260 kg/t、液固体积质量比4/1、搅拌速度400 r/min、矿物粒度100目条件下进行常压动力学试验,不同温度下镍、钴浸出率随浸出时间的变化趋势如图12所示。可以看出,温度相同时,镍、钴浸出率随浸出时间延长逐渐升高;浸出时间相同时,温度越高,镍、钴浸出率越高。
采用收缩核模型对镍、钴的浸出动力学曲线进行拟合[16],拟合曲线如图13所示,相关拟合参数见表45
表45看出:镍、钴的常压浸出界面化学反应控制动力学拟合相关系数都在0.9以上,表明镍、钴的浸出同样受界面化学反应控制;随温度升高,化学反应速率常数k也逐渐增大,这是由于常压浸出反应是吸热过程,升温有利反应进行。
以ln ky轴,1/Tx轴作图,采用阿伦尼乌斯方程对镍和钴浸出反应速率常数进行拟合,结果如图14所示。通过计算可以得出,镍、钴的浸出过程表观活化能分别为41、53 kJ/mol,计算所得活化能介于40~300 kJ/mol范围内,因此判断,常压下镍和钴浸出过程受界面化学反应控制。
在不同反应时间条件下,加压250 ℃、常压90 ℃的浸出渣的SEM照片如图15所示,XRD图谱如图16所示。可以看出:加压酸浸过程中,矿石结构破坏程度较完全,针铁矿基本消失,浸出渣以粒状、块状的铬铁矿和磁铁矿为主。在高温下Fe3+水解沉淀生成赤铁矿,随反应时间延长,赤铁矿的衍射峰逐渐增强,加压浸出逐渐完全,实现了浸出液中的铁在浸出渣中的富集,后续可通过协同浸出进一步提高铁品位以达到铁矿品位要求,从而实现对废物的资源化利用。常压浸出过程中,由于温度较低,导致矿石结构很难被破坏,浸出过程以针状、柱状的针铁矿溶解为主。因此,大量铁尚未发生水解沉淀,留在浸出液中[17],造成了部分铁资源浪费;同时,浸出渣中由于铁品位过低也很难实现资源化利用。
1)用硫酸加压浸出印尼某高铁低品位红土镍矿中的镍、钴是可行的。在酸矿比260 kg/t、温度250 ℃(对应水蒸气压力4.0 MPa)、液固体积质量比3/1、搅拌速度300 r/min、矿物粒度100目、浸出时间1 h最佳条件下,镍浸出率为98.1%、钴浸出率为98.3%,镍、钴浸出效果较满意。
2)加压和常压下,镍、钴的浸出过程均符合收缩核模型,受界面化学反应控制。加压下反应活化能分别为116、91 kJ/mol;常压下反应活化能分别为41、53 kJ/mol。此外,在常压下主要是针铁矿的溶解;在加压下主要是铬铁矿、磁铁矿等的溶解。
3)对比加压和常压条件下的浸出渣可知,加压浸出过程有利于铁的水解沉淀,浸出渣中铁品位可提高至51%左右,较原矿品位约提高6%,后续可通过协同浸出进一步提高铁品位以满足铁矿品位要求,从而实现废物的资源化利用。
  • 桂林理工大学科研启动基金资助项目(GLUTQ2017099)
  • 广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB21076013)
  • 广西科技基地和人才专项项目(桂科AD22035105)
  • 国家环境保护矿冶资源利用与污染控制重点实验室开放基金课题资助项目(HB202105)
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2024年第43卷第1期
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doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.01.004
  • 接收时间:2023-09-22
  • 首发时间:2025-09-10
  • 出版时间:2024-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-22
基金
桂林理工大学科研启动基金资助项目(GLUTQ2017099)
广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB21076013)
广西科技基地和人才专项项目(桂科AD22035105)
国家环境保护矿冶资源利用与污染控制重点实验室开放基金课题资助项目(HB202105)
作者信息
    1 桂林理工大学 材料科学与工程学院, 广西 桂林 541004
    2 桂林理工大学 有色金属及材料加工新技术教育部重点实验室, 广西 桂林 541004
    3 桂林理工大学 有色金属矿产勘查与资源高效利用省部共建协同创新中心, 广西 桂林 541004
    4 中国有色桂林矿产地质研究院有限公司, 广西 桂林 541004

通讯作者:

陈进中(1968—),男,博士,教授级高级工程师,主要研究方向为有色金属冶金。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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