Article(id=1172620560937923190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172620559834821232, articleNumber=1009-2617(2024)01-0086-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.01.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1697040000000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1757504127963, onlineDateStr=2025-09-10, pubDate=1708358400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1757504127963, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1757504127963, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757504127963, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1172620559834821232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2024', volume='43', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='111', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1757504127699, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758625263309, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1177322943446135256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172620559834821232, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1177322943446135257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172620559834821232, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=86, endPage=92, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1172620561160221304, articleId=1172620560937923190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Adsorption of Rhenium in Arsenic Reduction Solution by Macroporous Resin, columnId=1152626641181700664, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Experiment Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The adsorption and desorption properties of MTA1701 and RCX5143 macroporous weak basic anionic resins for rhenium recovery in arsenic reduction solution were studied. The effects of pretreatment method, time,temperature,acidity and equilibrium concentration on adsorption of rhenium using resin were investigated by static adsorption. Static desorption of ammonia water was used to investigate the effects of ammonia concentration, desorption volume ratio, desorption time and desorption times on the desorption rate of supported resin. The results show that the properties of the two resins are similar, and the adsorption reaction of the resin is in accordance with the quasi-second-order reaction kinetics model after the pretreatment of sulfuric acid soaking. The thermodynamic results show that decreasing temperature is beneficial to the adsorption of rhenium. The static equilibrium adsorption capacity decreased with the increase of acidity and increased with the increase of equilibrium concentration. Under the conditions of ammonia concentration of 10%, V(ammonia)∶V(resin) of 2∶1, desorption time of 20 min for 2 times desorption, the desorption rates of the two resins are all greater than 99.5%.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jinghui WANG, Dazhi WANG, Chenghu DENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1172620852748235224, articleId=1172620560937923190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=CN, title=大孔树脂对砷还原后液中铼的吸附研究, columnId=1152626641328501305, journalTitle=湿法冶金, columnName=试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=研究了MTA1701型和RCX5143型大孔弱碱性阴离子树脂对砷还原后液中铼的吸附和解吸性能。通过静态吸附,考察了预处理方式、时间、温度、酸度、平衡浓度对树脂吸附铼的影响;采用氨水静态解吸,考察了氨水浓度、解吸体积比、解吸时间、解吸次数对负载树脂解吸率的影响。结果表明:2种树脂性能相近,树脂经过硫酸浸泡预处理后吸附砷还原后液,吸附反应符合准二级反应动力学模型;热力学研究结果表明,降低温度对吸附铼有利,静态平衡吸附量随酸度增大而降低,随平衡浓度增大而提高;在氨水浓度10%、解吸液固体积比V(氨水)∶V(树脂)=2∶1、解吸时间20 min条件下解吸2次,2种树脂的解吸率均大于99.5%。, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
邓成虎(1979—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为有色金属冶金。E-mail:
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王京慧(1989—),男,本科,工程师,主要研究方向为湿法冶金。

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王京慧(1989—),男,本科,工程师,主要研究方向为湿法冶金。

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Re Cu2+ As Sb Bi3+ Se Mo2+ Pb2+ Sn Si 硫酸
0.34 40.96 17.62 0.12 0.064 <0.005 0.056 0.008 0.018 0.051 200
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砷还原后液主要元素成分 g/L

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Re Cu2+ As Sb Bi3+ Se Mo2+ Pb2+ Sn Si 硫酸
0.34 40.96 17.62 0.12 0.064 <0.005 0.056 0.008 0.018 0.051 200
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步骤 方式1 方式2 方式3 方式4 方式5 方式6 方式7 方式8
1 清水浸泡 清水浸泡 清水浸泡 清水浸泡 清水浸泡 清水浸泡 清水浸泡
2 乙醇浸泡 乙醇浸泡 乙醇浸泡 乙醇浸泡 盐酸浸泡
3 盐酸浸泡 盐酸浸泡 盐酸浸泡 盐酸浸泡 氢氧化钠溶液浸泡
4 氢氧化钠溶液浸泡 氢氧化钠溶液浸泡 氢氧化钠溶液浸泡 氢氧化钠溶液浸泡 乙醇浸泡
5 硫酸浸泡 硫酸浸泡 硫酸浸泡 硫酸浸泡 硫酸浸泡 硫酸浸泡
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树脂的预处理方式及步骤

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步骤 方式1 方式2 方式3 方式4 方式5 方式6 方式7 方式8
1 清水浸泡 清水浸泡 清水浸泡 清水浸泡 清水浸泡 清水浸泡 清水浸泡
2 乙醇浸泡 乙醇浸泡 乙醇浸泡 乙醇浸泡 盐酸浸泡
3 盐酸浸泡 盐酸浸泡 盐酸浸泡 盐酸浸泡 氢氧化钠溶液浸泡
4 氢氧化钠溶液浸泡 氢氧化钠溶液浸泡 氢氧化钠溶液浸泡 氢氧化钠溶液浸泡 乙醇浸泡
5 硫酸浸泡 硫酸浸泡 硫酸浸泡 硫酸浸泡 硫酸浸泡 硫酸浸泡
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温度/
ΔG/
(kJ·mol-1)
ΔS/
(J·mol-1·K-1)
ΔH/
(kJ·mol-1)
R2
25 -3.00 -39.73 -14.08 0.959 6
40 -2.65
60 -2.11
80 -1.03
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MTA1701型树脂对铼的吸附热力学参数

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温度/
ΔG/
(kJ·mol-1)
ΔS/
(J·mol-1·K-1)
ΔH/
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R2
25 -3.00 -39.73 -14.08 0.959 6
40 -2.65
60 -2.11
80 -1.03
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温度/
ΔG/
(kJ·mol-1)
ΔS/
(J·mol-1·K-1))
ΔH/
(kJ·mol-1)
R2
25 -2.72 -40.47 -14.10 0.888 4
40 -2.49
60 -2.04
80 -0.73
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RCX5143型树脂对铼的吸附热力学参数

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温度/
ΔG/
(kJ·mol-1)
ΔS/
(J·mol-1·K-1))
ΔH/
(kJ·mol-1)
R2
25 -2.72 -40.47 -14.10 0.888 4
40 -2.49
60 -2.04
80 -0.73
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大孔树脂对砷还原后液中铼的吸附研究
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王京慧 , 王达之 , 邓成虎
湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2024,43(1): 86-92
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湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2024, 43(1): 86-92
大孔树脂对砷还原后液中铼的吸附研究
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王京慧, 王达之, 邓成虎
作者信息
  • 江西铜业股份有限公司 贵溪冶炼厂, 江西 贵溪 335424
  • 王京慧(1989—),男,本科,工程师,主要研究方向为湿法冶金。

通讯作者:

邓成虎(1979—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为有色金属冶金。E-mail:
Adsorption of Rhenium in Arsenic Reduction Solution by Macroporous Resin
Jinghui WANG, Dazhi WANG, Chenghu DENG
Affiliations
  • Guixi Smelter, Jiangxi Copper Co., Ltd., Guixi 335424, China
出版时间: 2024-02-20 doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.01.014
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研究了MTA1701型和RCX5143型大孔弱碱性阴离子树脂对砷还原后液中铼的吸附和解吸性能。通过静态吸附,考察了预处理方式、时间、温度、酸度、平衡浓度对树脂吸附铼的影响;采用氨水静态解吸,考察了氨水浓度、解吸体积比、解吸时间、解吸次数对负载树脂解吸率的影响。结果表明:2种树脂性能相近,树脂经过硫酸浸泡预处理后吸附砷还原后液,吸附反应符合准二级反应动力学模型;热力学研究结果表明,降低温度对吸附铼有利,静态平衡吸附量随酸度增大而降低,随平衡浓度增大而提高;在氨水浓度10%、解吸液固体积比V(氨水)∶V(树脂)=2∶1、解吸时间20 min条件下解吸2次,2种树脂的解吸率均大于99.5%。
大孔树脂  /  吸附  /  解吸  /  铼  /  砷还原后液

The adsorption and desorption properties of MTA1701 and RCX5143 macroporous weak basic anionic resins for rhenium recovery in arsenic reduction solution were studied. The effects of pretreatment method, time,temperature,acidity and equilibrium concentration on adsorption of rhenium using resin were investigated by static adsorption. Static desorption of ammonia water was used to investigate the effects of ammonia concentration, desorption volume ratio, desorption time and desorption times on the desorption rate of supported resin. The results show that the properties of the two resins are similar, and the adsorption reaction of the resin is in accordance with the quasi-second-order reaction kinetics model after the pretreatment of sulfuric acid soaking. The thermodynamic results show that decreasing temperature is beneficial to the adsorption of rhenium. The static equilibrium adsorption capacity decreased with the increase of acidity and increased with the increase of equilibrium concentration. Under the conditions of ammonia concentration of 10%, V(ammonia)∶V(resin) of 2∶1, desorption time of 20 min for 2 times desorption, the desorption rates of the two resins are all greater than 99.5%.

macroporous resin  /  adsorption  /  desorption  /  rhenium  /  arsenic reduction solution
王京慧, 王达之, 邓成虎. 大孔树脂对砷还原后液中铼的吸附研究. 湿法冶金, 2024 , 43 (1) : 86 -92 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.01.014
Jinghui WANG, Dazhi WANG, Chenghu DENG. Adsorption of Rhenium in Arsenic Reduction Solution by Macroporous Resin[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2024 , 43 (1) : 86 -92 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.01.014
铼是一种银白色的高熔点稀有金属,其熔点仅次于碳和钨,沸点居首位,密度则排在第四位[1]。铼及其合金广泛应用于涡轮发动机叶片、热电偶、火箭发动机、电炉及灯具等设备制造。铼主要伴生于辉钼矿和斑铜矿中,很少独立成矿[2]。铼资源极度分散,富集了铼的铜、钼冶炼烟灰和废酸成为了提取铼的主要来源。当前,国内回收铼的方法有溶剂萃取法[3]、化学沉淀法[4]、离子交换法[5]
溶剂萃取法工艺成熟,铼萃取率达95%~99%,广泛应用于工业生产。然而,绝大多数萃取剂都是有机溶剂,其特有的毒性和挥发性致使作业环境差,危害人体健康,且萃余水易造成环境二次污染。化学沉淀法具有工艺简单、设备要求低等特点,但选择性较差,各种杂质元素易与铼共沉,导致铼产品纯度不理想。离子交换法是利用离子交换树脂与铼发生离子交换从而实现对溶液中铼的吸附分离,具有工艺简单、回收率高及选择性高等特点,已广泛应用于铼的回收[6]。针对某厂砷还原后液目标元素浓度低的特点,采用离子交换和萃取工艺虽均可实现富集提纯,但相较而言,萃取工艺易受Sb、Bi杂质影响,造成有机相中毒及废水COD难降解,而离子交换工艺在环保、操作、占地面积、自动化程度等方面则更具优势。
铜冶炼废酸日产量大,铼浓度低,成分复杂,从中回收铼具有很大的难度。废酸经过硫化—砷滤饼加压浸出—砷还原工艺处理后,杂质元素能得到有效分离,铼可再次于砷还原后液中富集,为铼的回收创造更优条件。试验采用离子交换法处理砷还原后液,通过对比研究MTA1701型和RCX5143型大孔径弱碱性阴离子树脂对铼的吸附—解吸性能,探索了大孔树脂的实际应用价值。
试验原料为国内某冶炼厂砷还原后液,其主要成分见表1
试验用树脂为漂莱特MTA1701型和科海思RCX5143型大孔径弱碱性阴离子树脂。试验用试剂为硫酸、盐酸、氢氧化钠、氨水,均为分析纯。主要设备为CJJ78-1型磁力搅拌器、JHS-1/90型电子恒速搅拌器、BHS-4型水浴锅和ICP-AES型等离子体发射光谱仪。
准确量取10 mL自然堆积状态的MTA1701型和RCX5143型湿树脂各若干份,预处理后分别装入5 L烧杯中,加入等体积砷还原后液,控制搅拌速度300 r/min,在t时刻取样测定铼质量浓度,计算吸附量。计算公式为
${q}_{t}=\frac{({\rho }_{0}-{\rho }_{t}){V}_{0}}{{V}_{1}}。$
式中:qt—树脂吸附量,g/L;ρ0—溶液中初始Re质量浓度,g/L;ρt—吸附t时间溶液中Re质量浓度,g/L;V0—吸附原液体积,L;V1—树脂体积,L。
试验采用Langmuir等温吸附模型[7]描述吸附等温线数据:
$\frac{1}{{q}_{e}}=\frac{1}{{q}_{m}}+\frac{1}{{k}_{L}{\rho }_{e}{q}_{m}}。$
式中:qe—平衡吸附量,g/L;kL—Langmuir吸附平衡常数,L/g;ρe—吸附平衡时溶液中铼质量浓度,g/L;qm—理论饱和吸附量,g/L。
树脂静态吸附的吉布斯自由能变(ΔG)、吸附焓变[8]H)和吸附熵变(ΔS)与分配系数(kc)之间的关系如下:
${k}_{c}=\frac{{q}_{e}}{{\rho }_{e}};$
ΔG=-RTln kc;$\Delta H=\Delta G-\left(\frac{\partial \Delta G}{\partial T}\right)T;$
$\Delta S=\frac{\Delta H-\Delta G}{T}。$
式中:kc—分配系数;ΔG—吉布斯自由能变,kJ/mol;ΔH—焓变,kJ/mol;ΔS—熵变,J/(mol·K);R—摩尔气体常数,8.314 J/(mol·K);T—热力学温度,K。
目前,吸附动力学通常采用准一级、准二级动力学模型及粒子内扩散模型进行分析。由于准一级动力学模型主要针对范德华力、氢键和π键等作用力,而准二级动力学模型主要针对电子共享或电子交换型吸附过程。结合大孔树脂吸附铼的特性,试验选用准二级动力学模型和描述多步吸附过程的粒子内扩散模型(Weber-Morris模型)研究树脂的吸附动力学。
准二级动力学模型[10]:
$\frac{t}{{q}_{t}}=\frac{1}{{k}_{2}{q}_{e}^{2}}+\frac{t}{{q}_{e}}。$
粒子内扩散模型(Weber-Morris模型)[11]:
qt=kpt0.5+C。
式中:qt—吸附t时间的吸附量,g/L;qe—平衡吸附量,g/L;k2—准二级动力学速率常数,L/(g·min);kp—粒子内扩散速率常数,g/(L·min1/2);C—常量。
准确量取MTA1701型和RCX5143型树脂各500 mL(自然堆积状态),预处理后分别装入层析柱中,均以4 BV/h的进液速率对砷还原后液进行动态吸附,直至进出液中铼浓度相同时停止吸附,过滤,用清水冲洗至洗液pH=4~7。在常温下,分别量取10 mL树脂,以氨水为解吸剂,对负载树脂进行解吸,控制搅拌速度300 r/min,在i时刻取样测定铼浓度,解吸率计算公式如下:
$x=\frac{{\rho }_{i}{V}_{2}}{({\rho }_{0}-{\rho }_{e}){V}_{0}}\times 100\%。$
式中:x—解吸率,%;ρe—吸附达到饱和时吸附尾液中Re质量浓度,g/L;ρi—吸附i时间时解吸液中Re质量浓度,g/L;V2—解吸液体积,L。
采用ICP-AES分析测定溶液中Re元素的含量。
分别量取相同体积的MTA1701型和RCX5143型树脂各8份,按表2所选示方法和步骤对树脂进行预处理,以去除孔道中杂质。预处理过程是在常温条件下对树脂进行浸泡,各步骤液固体积质量比为5∶1,时间9 h,各步骤完成后过滤,并用清水冲洗树脂至洗液pH=4~7。将预处理后树脂分别加入3 L砷还原后液中,在常温条件下,控制搅拌速度300 r/min,静态吸附24 h直至溶液中铼浓度不再变化,此时树脂吸附达到平衡,计算树脂平衡吸附量,试验结果如图1所示。
图1看出:采用树脂吸附砷还原后液中的铼,预处理方式对树脂的吸附量有一定影响,但影响不大;MTA1701型与RCX5143型树脂经过方式2预处理后平衡吸附量均达最大,但从工业化实际应用综合考虑,采用方式7和8预处理较佳。由于树脂本身呈弱碱性,为防止树脂首次使用时溶液中金属离子因酸碱中和产生沉淀,堵塞树脂孔径,使用前须对树脂进行酸化处理,故最佳预处理方式为“硫酸浸泡”。经硫酸预处理后,2种树脂静态饱和吸附量相近。
取等体积树脂分别吸附不同Re质量浓度的砷还原后液直至吸附平衡,吸附平衡时溶液中Re质量浓度分别为0.21、0.24、0.26、0.30、0.38 g/L,计算树脂平衡吸附量并绘制Langmuir吸附等温曲线,采用Langmuir等温吸附模型对数据进行线性拟合,拟合结果如图2所示。可以看出:在一定Re质量浓度范围内,树脂平衡吸附量随平衡质量浓度升高而增大;Re平衡质量浓度较低时,MTA1701型树脂的平衡吸附量高于RCX5143型树脂,随Re平衡质量浓度升高,两者之间的平衡吸附量差距逐渐减小,说明从低质量浓度含铼溶液中吸附铼,MTA1701型树脂较RCX5143型树脂更具优势;经计算得出,MTA1701型和RCX5143型树脂的吸附等温曲线的拟合系数R2分别为0.963和0.959。由图2中吸附等温线的斜率和截距[12]及Langmuir吸附等温方程式可知,MTA1701树脂平衡吸附量小于RCX5143树脂的理论饱和吸附量(qm),MTA1701和RCX5143分别为121.95、187.97 g/L。
采用2种树脂在温度25、40、60、80 ℃条件下,对等体积砷还原后液进行吸附,直至吸附达到平衡,并计算树脂平衡吸附量,试验结果如图3所示。可以看出:2种树脂平衡吸附量和温度均呈负相关,随温度升高,树脂平衡吸附量逐渐下降。2种树脂对铼的吸附热力学参数见表34。可以看出:2种树脂的ΔG<0,表明吸附铼的行为是自发过程;ΔS<0,表明吸附过程为熵减过程,系统混乱程度在吸附过程中降低;ΔH<0, 表明吸附反应为放热过程,升温不利于树脂对铼的吸附[9]。当温度升至80 ℃时,树脂中官能团会被破坏,导致树脂饱和吸附量显著下降,故选择常温条件下吸附即可。
吸附时间是影响吸附的重要因素。以MTA1701型与RCX5143型树脂为吸附载体,分别在吸附时间为60、120、180、240、300、360、540、600 min时取样测定铼浓度并计算吸附量,试验结果如图4所示。通过准二级动力学模型和粒子内扩散动力学模型对试验数据进行拟合,结果如图5所示。
图4看出:吸附速率均随吸附时间延长而降低;在60~360 min为快速吸附阶段,360 min后吸附速率逐渐下降,540 min时基本达到吸附平衡;继续延长吸附时间,溶液中Re浓度无明显变化,这是因为在吸附初期,溶液中与树脂中Re浓度差较大,吸附驱动力较大[13],吸附量增速较快;溶液中Re浓度进一步降低,Re在树脂内部的扩散阻力增加,同时树脂内部可被$\mathrm{ReO}_{4}^{-}$取代的OH-位点减少,使得交换反应变慢,即吸附量增速变缓[14]
图5看出:MTA1701型和RCX5143型树脂吸附铼的准二级动力学模型的拟合相关系数更大,其中MTA1701的R2=0.992 03,RCX5143的R2=0.978 32,说明这2种大孔树脂铼的吸附均符合准二级动力学模型,表明吸附过程中铼与树脂之间存在电子的交换和转移[15],属于化学吸附。MTA1701型和RCX5143型树脂在粒子内扩散吸附模型下的拟合相关系数也较高(MTA1701的R2=0.963 06,RCX5143的R2=0.971 49),也能很好描述树脂对铼的吸附行为。但根据粒子内扩散吸附模型定义,当粒子内扩散成为唯一控制步骤时,拟合曲线应经过原点[16],而图5(b)所示粒子内扩散模型曲线截距不为0,说明这2种树脂吸附Re的过程都不只受粒子内扩散单一因素控制[11]
用固体NaOH调节砷还原后液酸度分别为80、120、160、200 g/L,分别用2种树脂进行吸附直至溶液中铼浓度不再变化,计算树脂平衡吸附量,结果如图6所示。
图6看出:在相同酸度下,MTA1701型树脂平衡吸附量高于RCX5143型树脂;随溶液酸度增大,2种树脂平衡吸附量逐渐降低,这可能是因酸度增大,溶液黏度增大,使$\mathrm{ReO}_{4}^{-}$从溶液到树脂表面的扩散速率变慢;酸度增至120 g/L时,RCX5143型树脂平衡吸附量受酸度的影响开始减弱,而酸度增至160 g/L时,酸度对MTA1701型树脂的影响才开始减弱,说明高酸度对MTA1701型树脂的影响略低于RCX5143型树脂。砷还原后液酸度在140~200 g/L范围内波动,如调整酸度可能影响下级工序的稳定运行,因此,选择2种树脂在该酸度范围内的最佳工作酸度为140 g/L。
树脂解吸是采用更强的离子交换剂,取代树脂吸附的铼酸根离子,达到树脂再生、铼元素富集的目的。试验选用氨水作为解吸剂解吸载铼树脂。量取MTA1701型和RCX5143型负载树脂各10 mL,用浓度分别为5%、10%、15%、20%的氨水对饱和树脂进行解吸,控制解吸体积比V(氨水)∶V(树脂)=2∶1,解吸时间1 h,试验结果如图7所示。
图7看出:2种树脂的解吸趋势一致,铼解吸率随氨水浓度升高而升高:当氨水浓度为10%时,MTA1701型树脂和RCX5143型树脂解吸率分别为92.28%和92.49%;继续升高氨水浓度,铼解吸率无明显提高。故选择浓度为10%的氨水进行后续试验。
氨水浓度10%,调节解吸体积比V(氨水)∶V(树脂)分别为1∶1、2∶1、3∶1、4∶1,解吸时间1 h,试验结果如图8所示。可以看出,铼解吸率随氨水体积占比增大而升高:V(氨水)∶V(树脂)=2∶1时,MTA1701型树脂和RCX5143型树脂解吸率分别为92.28%和92.49%,此时,解吸液中Re质量浓度分别为25.37、24.64 g/L;继续增大氨水体积占比,铼解吸率无明显变化。故选择解吸体积比V(氨水)∶V(树脂)=2∶1进行后续试验。
氨水浓度10%,解吸体积比V(氨水)∶V(树脂)=2∶1,控制解吸时间分别为5、10、15、20、30、40、50、60 min,试验结果如图9所示。
图9看出:20 min之前,铼解吸率快速升高;解吸20 min时,MTA1701型树脂解吸率为92.04%,RCX5143型树脂解吸率为91.92%;继续延长解吸时间,解吸速率上升缓慢。故选择最佳解吸时间为20 min。
多次解吸可以最大化提高树脂的工作交换容量,对树脂循环使用稳定性及树脂使用寿命具有重要意义。控制氨水浓度10%,解吸时间20 min,对饱和树脂连续进行4次静态解吸,控制解吸体积比V(氨水)∶V(树脂)=2∶1,试验结果如图10所示。可以看出,解吸次数越多,铼解吸率越高:经过2次静态解吸,MTA1701型树脂解吸率为99.67%,RCX5143型树脂解吸率为99.74%;继续增加解吸次数,铼解吸率无明显变化。故选择最佳解吸次数为2次。
1)MTA1701型和RCX5143型大孔弱碱性阴离子树脂对砷还原后液中铼的平衡吸附量主要受树脂性质、吸附时间、温度、溶液酸度及铼平衡质量浓度的影响。树脂平衡吸附量随酸度、温度升高而下降,随铼平衡质量浓度升高而提高。在相同吸附条件下,MTA1701型树脂吸附性能略优于RCX5143型树脂。
2)ΔG<0,证明吸附行为为自发过程;ΔH<0,表明吸附过程放热反应,升温不利于树脂的吸附;ΔS<0,表明吸附过程为熵减过程,系统的混乱程度在吸附过程中降低。
3)MTA1701型和RCX5143型树脂吸附铼的过程更符合准二级动力学吸附模型,表明树脂对铼的吸附过程中铼与树脂之间存在电子的交换和转移,属于化学吸附。2种树脂吸附Re的过程不受粒子内扩散单一因素控制。
4)在氨水浓度10%、解吸体积比V(氨水):V(树脂)=2∶1、解吸时间20 min、解吸次数2次条件下,MTA1701型和RCX5143型树脂对铼的解吸率均大于99.5%。
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2024年第43卷第1期
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doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.01.014
  • 接收时间:2023-10-12
  • 首发时间:2025-09-10
  • 出版时间:2024-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-12
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    江西铜业股份有限公司 贵溪冶炼厂, 江西 贵溪 335424

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邓成虎(1979—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为有色金属冶金。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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