Article(id=1172619969775940529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172619967393579600, articleNumber=1009-2617(2024)02-0134-06, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.02.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1700582400000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1757503987019, onlineDateStr=2025-09-10, pubDate=1713542400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1757503987019, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1757503987019, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757503987019, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1172619967393579600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2024', volume='43', issue='2', pageStart='113', pageEnd='213', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1757503986451, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758592810833, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1177186827904631095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172619967393579600, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1177186827904631096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172619967393579600, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=134, endPage=139, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1172619970015015860, articleId=1172619969775940529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Microwave-assisted Leaching of Tungsten and Vanadium from Spent SCR Catalyst Using Sodium Hydroxide, columnId=1152626641181700664, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Experiment Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at the high efficiency leaching of W and V in a SCR denitration catalyst, the microwave assisted leaching of W and V in waste SCR catalyst was studied. The results show that under the conditions of microwave power of 600 W, reaction time of 1 h, reaction temperature of 60 ℃, sodium hydroxide concentration of 40% and liquid volume/solid mass ratio of 7.5/1, the leaching rates of W and V in SCR denitration catalyst can reach 89.96% and 96.32%, respectively. After leaching the alkaline leaching residue with 4 mol/L HCl solution for 1 h, TiO2 with a purity of 98.76% is obtained. Compared with the traditional water bath heating method, microwave heating leaching method can not only improve the leaching rate of tungsten and vanadium on SCR denitrification catalyst, but also greatly shorten the test reaction time, which provides a reliable technical basis for the green effective leaching of W and V in SCR denitrification catalyst.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ling ZENG, Mingming YU, Delong YANG, Di WU, Weiquan YUAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1172620412090462695, articleId=1172619969775940529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=CN, title=微波辅助氢氧化钠浸出废SCR催化剂中的钨和钒, columnId=1152626641328501305, journalTitle=湿法冶金, columnName=试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=针对某SCR脱硝催化剂中W和V的高效浸出,研究了采用微波辅助氢氧化钠浸出废SCR催化剂中的W和V。结果表明:在微波功率600 W、反应时间1 h、反应温度60 ℃、氢氧化钠浓度40%、液固体积质量比7.5/1条件下,SCR脱硝催化剂中的W、V浸出率分别可达89.96%、96.32%;碱浸渣经4 mol/L HCl溶液浸出1 h后,可得到纯度为98.76%的TiO2;与传统水浴加热方式相比,微波加热浸出方式不仅可以提高SCR脱硝催化剂对钨和钒的浸出率,同时还可大大缩短试验反应时间,为SCR脱硝催化剂中W和V的绿色有效浸出提供技术支持。, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
于明明(1990—),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为固废综合利用。E-mail:
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曾玲(2004—),女,本科,主要研究方向为矿物加工。

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曾玲(2004—),女,本科,主要研究方向为矿物加工。

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WO3 V2O5 TiO2 SiO2 Al2O3 CaO BaO 其他
4.14 1.72 79.28 2.26 1.76 2.14 1.22 7.48
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废SCR脱硝催化剂多元素分析结果 %

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
WO3 V2O5 TiO2 SiO2 Al2O3 CaO BaO 其他
4.14 1.72 79.28 2.26 1.76 2.14 1.22 7.48
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WO3 V2O5 TiO2 SiO2 Al2O3 CaO BaO Na2O 其他
0.32 0.07 68.14 1.92 0.96 2.89 1.49 13.96 10.25
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废SCR催化剂碱浸渣多元素分析结果 %

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
WO3 V2O5 TiO2 SiO2 Al2O3 CaO BaO Na2O 其他
0.32 0.07 68.14 1.92 0.96 2.89 1.49 13.96 10.25
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WO3 V2O5 TiO2 SiO2 Al2O3 CaO BaO Na2O 其他
- - 98.76 0.50 0.36 - - 0.62 0.26
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碱浸渣酸浸样品多元素分析结果 %

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WO3 V2O5 TiO2 SiO2 Al2O3 CaO BaO Na2O 其他
- - 98.76 0.50 0.36 - - 0.62 0.26
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微波辅助氢氧化钠浸出废SCR催化剂中的钨和钒
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曾玲 1 , 于明明 1 , 杨德龙 1 , 吴迪 2 , 原伟泉 3
湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2024,43(2): 134-139
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湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2024, 43(2): 134-139
微波辅助氢氧化钠浸出废SCR催化剂中的钨和钒
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曾玲1, 于明明1 , 杨德龙1, 吴迪2, 原伟泉3
作者信息
  • 1 江西理工大学 资源与环境工程学院, 江西 赣州 341000
  • 2 广东省科学院资源利用与稀土开发研究所, 广东 广州 510650
  • 3 赣南科技学院 资源与建筑工程学院, 江西 赣州 341000
  • 曾玲(2004—),女,本科,主要研究方向为矿物加工。

通讯作者:

于明明(1990—),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为固废综合利用。E-mail:
Microwave-assisted Leaching of Tungsten and Vanadium from Spent SCR Catalyst Using Sodium Hydroxide
Ling ZENG1, Mingming YU1 , Delong YANG1, Di WU2, Weiquan YUAN3
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
  • 2 Institute of Resource Utilization and Rare Earth Development, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
  • 3 School of Resources and Architectural Engineering, GanNan University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
出版时间: 2024-04-20 doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.02.004
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针对某SCR脱硝催化剂中W和V的高效浸出,研究了采用微波辅助氢氧化钠浸出废SCR催化剂中的W和V。结果表明:在微波功率600 W、反应时间1 h、反应温度60 ℃、氢氧化钠浓度40%、液固体积质量比7.5/1条件下,SCR脱硝催化剂中的W、V浸出率分别可达89.96%、96.32%;碱浸渣经4 mol/L HCl溶液浸出1 h后,可得到纯度为98.76%的TiO2;与传统水浴加热方式相比,微波加热浸出方式不仅可以提高SCR脱硝催化剂对钨和钒的浸出率,同时还可大大缩短试验反应时间,为SCR脱硝催化剂中W和V的绿色有效浸出提供技术支持。
废SCR催化剂  /  微波  /  辅助  /  氢氧化钠  /  浸出  /  钒  /  钨

Aiming at the high efficiency leaching of W and V in a SCR denitration catalyst, the microwave assisted leaching of W and V in waste SCR catalyst was studied. The results show that under the conditions of microwave power of 600 W, reaction time of 1 h, reaction temperature of 60 ℃, sodium hydroxide concentration of 40% and liquid volume/solid mass ratio of 7.5/1, the leaching rates of W and V in SCR denitration catalyst can reach 89.96% and 96.32%, respectively. After leaching the alkaline leaching residue with 4 mol/L HCl solution for 1 h, TiO2 with a purity of 98.76% is obtained. Compared with the traditional water bath heating method, microwave heating leaching method can not only improve the leaching rate of tungsten and vanadium on SCR denitrification catalyst, but also greatly shorten the test reaction time, which provides a reliable technical basis for the green effective leaching of W and V in SCR denitrification catalyst.

spent SCR catalyst  /  microwave  /  assist  /  alkaline  /  leaching  /  tungsten  /  vanadium
曾玲, 于明明, 杨德龙, 吴迪, 原伟泉. 微波辅助氢氧化钠浸出废SCR催化剂中的钨和钒. 湿法冶金, 2024 , 43 (2) : 134 -139 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.02.004
Ling ZENG, Mingming YU, Delong YANG, Di WU, Weiquan YUAN. Microwave-assisted Leaching of Tungsten and Vanadium from Spent SCR Catalyst Using Sodium Hydroxide[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2024 , 43 (2) : 134 -139 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.02.004
选择性催化还原法(SCR)是目前较实用和有效的烟气脱硝技术之一[1],可广泛应用于火力发电厂的废气处理。该技术的核心是SCR脱硝催化剂的选择,目前以钒-钨-钛系SCR脱硝催化剂的应用最为广泛[2]。SCR脱硝催化剂的设计寿命通常为3年,预计到2025年废弃SCR脱硝催化剂产生量将达14.33万t。由于SCR脱硝催化剂本身由重金属氧化物组成,且在使用过程会吸收烟气中砷、汞、镉等重金属,严重污染生态环境,废SCR脱硝催化剂处置问题亟待解决[3-5]。同时,钒-钨-钛系SCR脱硝催化剂含1%~5%V2O5,5%~10%WO3及TiO285%~90%,若能回收其中的钒、钨、钛等元素,可降低SCR脱硝催化剂对生态环境的污染危害,同时还能产生一定的经济效益[6-8]
目前主要采用高温碱熔—浸出或者直接浸出工艺回收SCR脱硝催化剂中的有价元素。高温碱熔法是在高温环境中固体碱(NaOH或Na2CO3)与废SCR催化剂进行钠化反应,转变为水溶性的钒酸盐、钨酸盐及难溶性的钛酸盐,通过浸出实现V、W与Ti的分离技术,V和W浸出率较高,可达99%以上,但能耗较大,处理成本较高。直接浸出是通过酸或碱溶剂浸出废SCR催化剂中的V、W等主要成分,其次通过物理或化学方法将浸出的V、W等进行分离。废SCR催化剂中V的浸出通常采用酸浸法,但由于废SCR催化剂中的V主要以V2O5和VOSO4形式存在,前者易溶于碱而难溶于酸,故酸法浸出效率不高。碱浸工艺则是在高温高压下用浓NaOH溶液浸出废SCR催化剂,得到NaVO3和Na2WO4滤液,浸出率可达90%以上。直接浸出工艺流程相对简单,但仅适用于提取废SCR催化剂中V和W,浸出耗时久,浸出过程要求高温高压,处理成本同样很高[9-12]
微波辅助浸出工艺作为一种新的浸出反应强化手段,在湿法冶金过程中逐渐得到了广泛应用。该法可明显缩短反应时间,降低能量消耗,提高有用金属元素浸出率[13-15]。研究了利用微波辅助方式提高废SCR脱硝催化剂的浸出效率,以实现废SCR脱硝催化剂中W和V的绿色有效浸出,为废SCR脱硝催化剂中W和V的高效浸出提供技术参考。
试验原料为来自国内某火电厂的废弃SCR脱硝催化剂。将原料在100 ℃恒温干燥箱中干燥24 h,然后对干燥后的废SCR催化剂进行XRD、XRF分析。废SCR催化剂的主要成分见表1,XRD分析结果如图1所示。由表1看出:废SCR催化剂中主要成分为TiO2,质量分数为79.28%,其中V2O5、WO3质量分数分别为1.72%、4.14%,还含有少量SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、CaO等。由图1看出,废SCR催化剂的物相单一,主要是锐钛矿型TiO2,谱图上也没有明显的V2O5和WO3特征衍射峰,也未出现其他杂质峰。
准确称取废SCR催化剂10 g置于圆底烧瓶中,加入配制好的氢氧化钠溶液,将圆底烧瓶置于微波反应器中,设定好反应温度、反应时间、微波功率,调整好一定搅拌转速后开始反应;待反应结束后,将反应产物固液分离,收集滤液定容;随后采用电感耦合等离子光谱发生仪(ICP-OES,Prodigy7)测定浸出液中W和V含量,计算废SCR催化剂中W、V浸出率η(W)、η(V),计算公式如下:
$\eta \left(W\right)=\frac{\rho \left(W\right)\times V}{m\times w{\left(W\right)}_{0}}\times 100\%;$
$\eta \left(V\right)=\frac{\rho \left(V\right)\times V}{m\times w{\left(V\right)}_{0}}\times 100\%。$
式中:V—浸出液体积,L;m—废SCR催化剂质量,g;ρ(W)、ρ(V)—碱浸液中钨、钒质量浓度,g/L;w(W)0w(V)0—废SCR催化剂中钨、钒质量分数,%。
废SCR催化剂中W、V和Ti在氢氧化钠溶液中可能发生的反应如下:
2NaOH+V2O5═══════2NaVO3+H2O;
2NaOH+WO3═══════Na2WO4+H2O;
2NaOH+TiO2═══════Na2TiO3+H2O。
通过HSC热力学软件计算并绘制反应(3)~(5)在温度0~200 ℃下的反应吉布斯自由能变ΔG与温度的函数关系图,如图2所示。可以看出:在0~200 ℃温度范围内,3个反应的ΔG均小于0,说明在该温度范围内,废SCR催化剂中的W、V和Ti可与NaOH进行反应;反应(3)和(4)的ΔG高于反应(5),ΔG越小,反应越易发生,说明在0~200 ℃内,V2O5最易与NaOH反应,其次为WO3,而TiO2最难与NaOH反应。
在微波功率600 W、反应时间1 h、反应温度80 ℃、液固体积质量比7.5/1条件下,考察氢氧化钠浓度对W和V浸出率的影响,试验结果如图3所示。
图3看出,随氢氧化钠浓度升高,W、V浸出率均显著提高:氢氧化钠浓度由10%升至40%时,W、V浸出率分别由42.18%、59.6%升至86.78%、94.03%,这是因为氢氧化钠浓度升高有利于固液界面间的传质效果,进而提高W、V浸出率;氢氧化钠浓度从40%继续升高至50%时,W、V浸出率有所降低,这可能是由于氢氧化钠浓度过高时,碱性过强,溶液黏度过高,从而导致传质效果变差。因此,确定适宜的氢氧化钠浓度为40%。
在微波功率600 W、反应时间1 h、反应温度80 ℃、氢氧化钠浓度40%条件下,考察液固体积质量比对W和V浸出率的影响,试验结果如图4所示。
图4看出,液固体积质量比的变化对W和V浸出率影响很大:浸出体系的液固体积质量比由2.5/1增至7.5/1时,W、V浸出率分别由52.18%、59.6%升至89.96%、96.32%。液固体积质量比较低时,氢氧化钠的量不足以与废SCR催化剂中的W和V全部反应,且较低的液固体积质量比会造成体系黏度增大,从而使浸出体系的传质效果变差。反应液固体积质量比较高时,与废SCR催化剂反应的氢氧化钠的量增加,且液固体积质量比的增大会使浸出体系黏度减小,改善反应传质效果,使W和V浸出率提高。液固体积质量比从7.5/1增至12.5/1,W和V浸出率没有明显变化,且过高的液固体积质量比必然会增加氢氧化钠用量。因此,确定适宜的液固体积质量比为7.5/1。
在微波功率600 W、氢氧化钠浓度20%、反应温度80 ℃、液固体积质量比7.5/1条件下,考察反应时间对W和V浸出率的影响,试验结果如图5所示。
图5看出:反应时间由15 min增至60 min时,废SCR催化剂中的W、V浸出率分别由29.18%、39.6%升至89.96%、96.32%;继续延长微波辐射时间,W和V浸出率几乎无变化,由此可知,反应60 min时,W和V的浸出已达到稳定状态。因此,确定适宜的反应时间为60 min。
在微波功率600 W、反应时间1 h、氢氧化钠浓度40%、液固体积质量比7.5/1条件下,考察反应温度对废SCR催化剂中W和V浸出率的影响,试验结果如图6所示。
图6看出,反应温度的升高会促进废SCR催化剂中W和V的浸出:反应温度由50 ℃升至80 ℃时,金属元素W、V浸出率分别由45.12%、50.33%升至89.96%、96.32%,这是因为W和V与氢氧化钠的反应为吸热反应,反应温度升高可加快浸出反应进行,同时反应温度升高会加快浸出体系中分子之间相互碰撞速度,提高反应浸出效率;温度继续升至90 ℃时,W和V浸出率变化不大,且反应温度过高会造成水分大量蒸发,引起碱浓度升高,影响传质效果。因此,确定适宜的反应温度为80 ℃。
在反应时间1 h、反应温度80 ℃、氢氧化钠浓度50%、液固体积质量比7.5/1条件下,考察微波功率对废SCR催化剂中W和V浸出率的影响,试验结果如图7所示。不同微波功率下浸出体系的升温速度如图8所示。
图7看出,微波功率的变化对废SCR催化剂中W和V的浸出率影响较大:微波功率由400 W升至600 W时,W、V浸出率分别由65.12%、70.33%升至87.82%、96.82%。由图8看出:随微波功率增大,浸出体系中的能量也不断增加,使浸出体系升温速度加快,同时促进浸出反应发生,提高W和V浸出效率,缩短了浸出反应时间。微波功率从600 W升至800 W时,W和V浸出率变化不大,因此,确定适宜的微波功率为600 W。
试验对比研究了微波辅助加热与传统水浴加热对氢氧化钠浸出废SCR催化剂中W和V的影响。传统加热过程在恒温油浴中进行。在氢氧化钠浓度40%、液固体积质量比7.5/1、反应温度80 ℃条件下,考察2种加热方式下W和V浸出率差异,试验结果如图9所示。
图9看出,与传统加热方式相比,微波加热可明显提高W和V浸出速度:传统加热240 min时,W和V浸出率达最大,分别为85.41%和90.45%;而微波加热反应60 min时W和V浸出率即可达最大,分别为89.96%和96.32%,浸出率与传统水浴加热方式相比明显提高,说明采用微波辐射的方式可缩短浸出时间,提高浸出率。
微波辅助浸出后所得碱浸渣的多元素分析结果见表2,废SCR催化剂与碱浸渣的物相分析结果如图10所示。由表2看出:废SCR催化剂碱浸后,WO3和V2O5含量明显降低,说明WO3和V2O5在氢氧化钠溶液中被浸出;TiO2含量略有降低,但Na2O含量明显升高。由图10看出:废SCR催化剂和碱浸渣物相均以二氧化钛的峰为主,但碱浸渣中二氧化钛的峰值明显降低;结合表2可知,在碱浸过程中废SCR催化剂中的部分二氧化钛与氢氧化钠反应生成了钛酸钠(反应(3))。
废SCR催化剂碱浸渣中主要以二氧化钛和钛酸钠为主,经酸浸后可制备纯度较高的二氧化钛样品。在微波功率600 W、反应时间1 h、液固体积质量比10/1条件下,考察盐酸浓度和反应温度对所得样品中TiO2纯度的影响,试验结果如图11所示。
图11看出:在不同反应温度下,随盐酸浓度增大,所得样品中TiO2纯度逐渐提高;反应温度为60、70 ℃时,在盐酸浓度增至4 mol/L时,TiO2纯度达最高,大于98%,继续增大盐酸浓度,TiO2纯度提升不大。随反应温度升高,TiO2纯度也呈逐渐提升趋势。反应温度高于60 ℃后,TiO2纯度提升幅度不大。综合考虑酸用量和能耗,选择60 ℃和4 mol/L为最佳的反应温度和盐酸用量,此时所得样品中TiO2纯度为98.76%。
所得样品的多元素分析结果见表3,XRD分析结果如图12所示。由表3看出:样品TiO2纯度达98.76%,此外还有少量的Al和Na。由图12看出:样品主要物相为TiO2,且峰型尖锐无其他杂峰,说明TiO2样品纯度较高。
1)某废SCR催化剂中含4.14%WO3和1.72%V2O5及79.28%TiO2,具有较高的回收利用价值。在微波功率600 W、反应时间60 min、反应温度60 ℃、氢氧化钠浓度40%、液固体积质量比7.5/1条件下,W、V浸出率分别为89.96%、96.32%。
2)碱浸渣经4 mol/L HCl浸出1 h后,可得纯度为98.76%的TiO2,产品纯度较高,可作为制备钛白粉的原料。
3)与传统水浴加热相比,采用微波加热法浸出废SCR催化剂中的W和V可提高W、V浸出率,明显缩短反应时间,降低能耗,实现W和V的高效绿色浸出。
  • 江西省自然科学基金资助项目(20224BAB204038)
  • 江西省自然科学基金资助项目(20232BAB214039)
  • 中国科协青年人才托举工程项目(2022QNRC001)
  • 江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ2203617)
  • 广东省科学院发展专项资助项目(2021GDASYL-2021010103059)
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doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.02.004
  • 接收时间:2023-11-22
  • 首发时间:2025-09-10
  • 出版时间:2024-04-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-22
基金
江西省自然科学基金资助项目(20224BAB204038)
江西省自然科学基金资助项目(20232BAB214039)
中国科协青年人才托举工程项目(2022QNRC001)
江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ2203617)
广东省科学院发展专项资助项目(2021GDASYL-2021010103059)
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    1 江西理工大学 资源与环境工程学院, 江西 赣州 341000
    2 广东省科学院资源利用与稀土开发研究所, 广东 广州 510650
    3 赣南科技学院 资源与建筑工程学院, 江西 赣州 341000

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于明明(1990—),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为固废综合利用。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
种数
Number of
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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