Article(id=1172619968584758170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172619967393579600, articleNumber=1009-2617(2024)02-0172-06, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.02.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1701619200000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1757503986736, onlineDateStr=2025-09-10, pubDate=1713542400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1757503986736, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1757503986735, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757503986735, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1172619967393579600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2024', volume='43', issue='2', pageStart='113', pageEnd='213', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1757503986451, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758592810833, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1177186827904631095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172619967393579600, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1177186827904631096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172619967393579600, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=172, endPage=177, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1172619968895136669, articleId=1172619968584758170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Preparation of TpBD-3COOH COF and the Adsorption of Rhodamine B in Wastewater, columnId=1152626641181700664, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Experiment Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Novel carboxyl-functionalized two-dimensional covalent organic frame materials TpBD-3COOH COF was synthesized by a solvothermal method using triacetaldehyde mesitylphenol (Tp), 4, 4-diaminobiphenyl-2, 2-dicarboxylic acid (DBd), and biphenylenediamine (BD) as raw materials, and used for adsorption of Rhodamine B dye wastewater. TpBD-3COOH COF were characterized by XRD, FT-IR and SEM. The results show that the removal of Rhodamine B can reach 95% after 60 min under the conditions of pH=4, TpBD-3COOH COF addition of 8 mg and Rhodamine B mass concentration of 10 mg/L in the wastewater. After five repetitive experiments, the removal rate of Rhodamine B by TpBD-3COOH COF still reaches more than 70%. The adsorption process is consistent with the quasi-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir adsorption isothermal model.

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阮琼(1964—),女,回族,硕士,教授,主要研究方向为纳米材料制备及仪器分析。E-mail:
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那迪(1996—),男,彝族,硕士,研究实习员,主要研究方向为纳米材料制备及光催化性能。

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那迪(1996—),男,彝族,硕士,研究实习员,主要研究方向为纳米材料制备及光催化性能。

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那迪(1996—),男,彝族,硕士,研究实习员,主要研究方向为纳米材料制备及光催化性能。

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qe,试验/
(mg·g-1)
准一级动力学模型 准二级动力学模型
qe,理论/
(mg·g-1)
k1/min R2 qe,理论/
(mg·g-1)
k2/min R2
28.86 7.08 0.043 2 0.948 4 28.49 0.018 3 0.996 1
), ArticleFig(id=1177334335200964927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172619968584758170, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

准一级、准二级动力学拟合参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
qe,试验/
(mg·g-1)
准一级动力学模型 准二级动力学模型
qe,理论/
(mg·g-1)
k1/min R2 qe,理论/
(mg·g-1)
k2/min R2
28.86 7.08 0.043 2 0.948 4 28.49 0.018 3 0.996 1
), ArticleFig(id=1177334335259685184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172619968584758170, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Langmuir等温吸附模型 Freundlich等温吸附模型
qm/
(mg·g-1)
kL/
(L·mg-1)
R2 1/n kF/
(mg1-1/n·L1/n·g-1)
R2
16.84 1.697 0.996 1 0.324 5 30.67 0.975 7
), ArticleFig(id=1177334335318405441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172619968584758170, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Langmuir、Freundlich等温吸附拟合参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Langmuir等温吸附模型 Freundlich等温吸附模型
qm/
(mg·g-1)
kL/
(L·mg-1)
R2 1/n kF/
(mg1-1/n·L1/n·g-1)
R2
16.84 1.697 0.996 1 0.324 5 30.67 0.975 7
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TpBD-3COOH COF的制备及对废水中罗丹明B吸附性能研究
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那迪 1, 2 , 刘诚 2 , 李杨梅 1 , 刘壹 1 , 包茜 1 , 李文星 1 , 阮琼 2
湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2024,43(2): 172-177
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湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2024, 43(2): 172-177
TpBD-3COOH COF的制备及对废水中罗丹明B吸附性能研究
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那迪1, 2, 刘诚2, 李杨梅1, 刘壹1, 包茜1, 李文星1, 阮琼2
作者信息
  • 1 云南民族大学, 云南 昆明 650500
  • 2 云南师范大学, 云南 昆明 650500
  • 那迪(1996—),男,彝族,硕士,研究实习员,主要研究方向为纳米材料制备及光催化性能。

通讯作者:

阮琼(1964—),女,回族,硕士,教授,主要研究方向为纳米材料制备及仪器分析。E-mail:
Preparation of TpBD-3COOH COF and the Adsorption of Rhodamine B in Wastewater
Di NA1, 2, Cheng LIU2, Yangmei LI1, Yi LIU1, Qian BAO1, Wenxing LI1, Qiong RUAN2
Affiliations
  • 1 Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
  • 2 Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
出版时间: 2024-04-20 doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.02.010
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研究了以三醛基间苯三酚(Tp)、4,4-二氨基联苯-2,2-二羧酸(DBd)和联苯二胺(BD)为原料,通过溶剂热法制备新型羧基官能化的二维共价有机框架材料TpBD-3COOH COF,并用于吸附罗丹明B染料废水,采用XRD、FT-IR、SEM对其形貌进行了表征。结果表明:在pH=4、TpBD-3COOH COF用量8 mg、废水中罗丹明B质量浓度10 mg/L条件下吸附60 min,罗丹明B去除率可达95%;5次重复试验后,TpBD-3COOH COF对罗丹明B的去除率仍可达70%以上,且吸附过程与准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型相吻合。
TpBD-3COOH  /  COF  /  材料  /  溶剂热法  /  罗丹明B  /  吸附  /  废水  /  去除

Novel carboxyl-functionalized two-dimensional covalent organic frame materials TpBD-3COOH COF was synthesized by a solvothermal method using triacetaldehyde mesitylphenol (Tp), 4, 4-diaminobiphenyl-2, 2-dicarboxylic acid (DBd), and biphenylenediamine (BD) as raw materials, and used for adsorption of Rhodamine B dye wastewater. TpBD-3COOH COF were characterized by XRD, FT-IR and SEM. The results show that the removal of Rhodamine B can reach 95% after 60 min under the conditions of pH=4, TpBD-3COOH COF addition of 8 mg and Rhodamine B mass concentration of 10 mg/L in the wastewater. After five repetitive experiments, the removal rate of Rhodamine B by TpBD-3COOH COF still reaches more than 70%. The adsorption process is consistent with the quasi-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir adsorption isothermal model.

material  /  solvothermal method  /  TpBD-3COOH  /  COF  /  Rhodamine B  /  adsorption  /  wastewater  /  removal
那迪, 刘诚, 李杨梅, 刘壹, 包茜, 李文星, 阮琼. TpBD-3COOH COF的制备及对废水中罗丹明B吸附性能研究. 湿法冶金, 2024 , 43 (2) : 172 -177 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.02.010
Di NA, Cheng LIU, Yangmei LI, Yi LIU, Qian BAO, Wenxing LI, Qiong RUAN. Preparation of TpBD-3COOH COF and the Adsorption of Rhodamine B in Wastewater[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2024 , 43 (2) : 172 -177 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.02.010
染料废水颜色深、毒性大、生物降解性极低,不仅会对水生生物和微生物的繁殖造成影响,还可能影响人类身体健康[1]。罗丹明B(RhB)是一种人工合成的红色碱性有机染料,由于其色泽丰富鲜艳、着色力度更高、稳定性能好等特点被广泛应用于印染造纸、化妆品、皮革加工等行业中;但RhB废水因具有色度过高、难催化分解、毒性极强等特点,治理存在一定难度[2-3]。目前主要采用膜分离法、吸附处理法、化学氧化法、光催化氧化法及微生物处理法等去除工业废水中的RhB[4-6]。其中,吸附处理法因具有成本低、去除率高、操作简便、无二次污染排放等显著优势,成为工业处理含染料废水最常用的工艺技术方法之一[5-8]
COF材料是由C、O、N、P、Si等轻元素通过强共价键连接的新兴纳米多孔材料,具有质量轻、比表面积大、孔隙多、孔径可调节、环境友好等优点[9]。通过改变单体可合成具有不同拓扑结构、不同功能和不同维度的COF材料,使其可以有针对性地高效吸附去除工业废水中不同类型的污染物。近年来,一些具有不同功能和维度的COF材料,如DMTP-TAPB COF[10]、COF-TRIPTA[11]被成功合成并用于吸附废水中的有机染料,具有较高的吸附效率及稳定性。TpBD-3COOH呈六角形单元,作为TpBD-Am7CD的中间体被成功合成[9],但尚未见TpBD-3COOH应用在任何领域的相关报道。
试验制备了新型羧基官能化的二维共价有机框架材料TpBD-3COOH COF,并应用于吸附废水中的RhB,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱检测仪对其形貌进行表征,以期为TpBD-3COOH COF的应用及染料废水的净化提供可选择的吸附材料。
扫描电子显微镜(Quanta 200FEG型,美国FEI公司),傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(ALPHA型,德国布鲁克光谱仪器公司),粉末X射线衍射仪(K-Alpha+型,美国赛默飞世尔科技公司)。
罗丹明B(AR,上海试剂三厂,结构如图1所示),盐酸、氢氧化钠、1,3,5-三醛基间苯三酚、联苯二胺(AR,天津化工厂),4,4'-二氨基-[1'-联苯]-2,2'-二羧基酸、正丁醇(AR,国药集团化学试剂有限公司),邻二氯苯、丙酮(AR,长春化工有限公司),N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃(AR,上海试剂三厂)。
由1,3,5-三醛基间苯三酚(Tp)、联苯二胺(BD)和4,4'-二氨基-[1'-联苯]-2,2'-二羧基酸(DBd)通过席夫碱缩合法合成了羧基官能化的TpBD-3COOH COF[9]。具体步骤如下:将21 mg Tp、13.8 mg BD和20.4 mg DBd分别分散到邻二氯苯(o-DCB)与正丁醇(n-BuOH)体积比为1∶1的1 mL溶液中,置于超声下处理10 min后转移到10 mL Schlenk管中;然后加入0.1 mL 9 mol/L乙酸,将其抽真空并在80 ℃下反应72 h,过滤后得到橙色沉淀;再用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃和丙酮各15 mL洗涤3次,通过在四氢呋喃中索氏提取24 h,进一步纯化TpBD-3COOH COF;最后在80 ℃真空下干燥,得橙黄色的固体粉末(见图2)。
在50 mL比色管中加入一定量10 mg/L现配的RhB标准溶液,再加入一定量TpBD-3COOH COF,搅拌吸附一定时间,经离心后取上清液,在λ=550 nm处测定吸光度。计算RhB去除率(η)和吸附量(qe)[10],公式如下:
η=$\frac{{\rho }_{0}-{\rho }_{t}}{{\rho }_{0}}$×100%;
qe=$\frac{({\rho }_{0}-{\rho }_{t})V}{m}$。
式中:ρ0—RhB初始质量浓度,mg/L;ρt—吸附t时间时溶液中RhB质量浓度,mg/L;V—溶液体积,L;m—TpBD-3COOH COF质量,mg。
粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)对合成的TpBD-3COOH COF的表征结果如图3所示。可以看出:TpBD-3COOH COF的PXRD图谱在6.00°和13.33°处出现较强的峰,在7.27°和11.18°出现2个较弱的峰,且没有杂峰出现,表明TpBD-3COOH COF合成成功[9]
傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对合成的TpBD-3COOH COF的表征结果如图4所示。可以看出:在1 285 cm-1处出现了C—N伸缩振动峰,1 580 cm-1处出现了C══C伸缩振动峰,这2个峰的出现表明成功形成β-酮烯胺键;3 445 cm-1处的峰对应—COOH的振动,表明合成的材料中含有羧基,与图3共同证明TpBD-3COOH COF成功合成[12]
用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察合成的TpBD-3COOH COF表面的微观形态和结构,结果如图5所示。
图5看出:TpBD-3COOH COF为纳米簇结构,表面较粗糙且有很多孔隙,这些孔隙结构可提供较多的吸附位点。
以废水中RhB去除率为指标评价TpBD-3COOH COF的吸附性能,考察不同因素对TpBD-3COOH COF对RhB的吸附性能的影响。
取50 mL废水,在pH=4、废水中RhB质量浓度10 mg/L条件下吸附60 min,考察TpBD-3COOH COF用量对吸附性能的影响,试验结果如图6所示。
图6看出,随TpBD-3COOH COF投入量增大,RhB去除率先升高后趋于平稳:TpBD-3COOH COF投入量由2 mg增至6 mg时,RhB去除率快速升高,因为随TpBD-3COOH COF投入量增大,比表面和吸附活性位点增加,有利于吸附进行;TpBD-3COOH COF投入量大于8 mg后,RhB去除率基本保持平稳。所以,确定吸附剂的最佳投入量为8 mg。
取50 mL废水,在pH=4、TpBD-3COOH COF用量8 mg条件下吸附60 min,考察废水中RhB质量浓度对吸附性能的影响,试验结果如图7所示。
图7看出:RhB去除率随RhB初始质量浓度增大而降低,RhB吸附量则随之升高。RhB初始质量浓度由5 mg/L升至30 mg/L时,TpBD-3COOH COF对RhB的吸附量由14.34 mg/L升至43.86 mg/L,而去除率却由91.80%降至46.78%。由于TpBD-3COOH COF投入量为固定值,其表面的位点数量有限,当TpBD-3COOH COF的吸附位点被RhB全部占据时,吸附量趋于平稳,溶液中相对过多的RhB无法被吸附,所以TpBD-3COOH COF对RhB的去除率随RhB初始质量浓度增大不断降低。
取50 mL废水,在TpBD-3COOH COF用量8 mg、废水中RhB质量浓度10 mg/L条件下吸附60 min,考察废水pH对吸附性能的影响,试验结果如图8所示。
图8看出:RhB去除率随pH增大先升高后降低:溶液初始pH从1.0升至4.0,RhB去除率和吸附量都随之升高;溶液pH等于4.0时,RhB去除率及吸附量均达最大;溶液初始pH升至10时,RhB去除率仅为41.59%,RhB吸附量仅为13.00 mg/g。由此可见,酸性环境下TpBD-3COOH COF对RhB的吸附效果较好。随溶液pH改变,TpBD-3COOH COF所带电荷和RhB分子的存在形式也会发生变化。在酸性条件下,RhB主要的存在形式为季铵阳离子(RBH+)[9],TpBD-3COOH COF上的羧基发生质子化[12-14];但溶液pH小于4.0时,溶液中有大量H+存在,会抢占TpBD-3COOH COF表面吸附点位,因而RhB去除率比溶液pH为4.0时低。在碱性条件下RhB的羧基发生电离,RhB主要的存在形式为RB±两性离子,同时TpBD-3COOH COF上的羧基也会发生电离,羧基阴离子和RB±两性离子发生相互作用会阻碍RhB进入TpBD-3COOH COF微孔的过程,导致在碱性条件下TpBD-3COOH COF对RhB的吸附效果不佳[12-14]。TpBD-3COOH COF对RhB具有良好的吸附效果,归因于TpBD-3COOH COF的特殊结构。TpBD-3COOH COF中含有丰富的苯环结构,能与RhB结构中的苯环产生π-π相互作用从而实现吸附;TpBD-3COOH COF结构中还含有丰富的羧基和亚氨基,不仅能与RhB之间形成氢键,还能与RhB通过静电作用而实现吸附。在分子间多种作用力的协同作用下,使得TpBD-3COOH COF对RhB具有较好的吸附效果[15]
取50 mL废水,在pH=4、TpBD-3COOH COF用量8 mg、废水中RhB质量浓度10 mg/L条件下,考察吸附时间对吸附性能的影响,试验结果如图9所示。
图9看出:反应时间从10 min延长至60 min,RhB去除率增大;反应60 min时,RhB去除率为92.35%,之后趋于稳定。反应开始时,由于TpBD-3COOH COF表面有大量的吸附活性位点,RhB向TpBD-3COOH COF表面扩散时能快速占据TpBD-3COOH COF表面的吸附活性位点,使得吸附量迅速增加[15];反应进行一段时间后,RhB占据了一定吸附活性位点,使TpBD-3COOH COF表面活性位点减少,吸附速率减慢,吸附60 min后,TpBD-3COOH COF表面的活性位点被覆盖,吸附率和吸附量不再发生变化。
再生循环对于吸附剂的回收和再利用非常重要。取50 mL废水,在RhB质量浓度10 mg/L、pH=4、TpBD-3COOH COF用量为8 mg条件下吸附60 min,吸附完成后回收吸附剂,用乙醇及蒸馏水对吸附剂进行洗涤并烘干,进行循环吸附试验,结果如图10所示。可以看出:5次循环试验后,TpBD-3COOH COF对RhB有较好的吸附效果,去除率仍保持在70%以上,表明TpBD-3COOH COF吸附性能稳定且可循环利用性较好。
采用准一级、准二级动力学模型拟合TpBD-3COOH COF对RhB染料吸附过程中的试验数据,探究吸附机制[15-16]
准一级动力学认为扩散速率控制吸附过程,其方程为:
ln(qe-qt)=ln qe-k1t;
准二级动力学假设吸附过程是受化学吸附机制控制,其方程为:
$\frac{t}{{q}_{t}}=\frac{1}{{k}_{2}{q}_{e}^{2}}+\frac{t}{{q}_{e}}$
式中:t—吸附时间,min;qt—吸附t时间时的吸附量,mg/g;k1—准一级动力学吸附速率常数,min-1;k2—准二级动力学吸附速率常数,min-1;qe—平衡吸附量,mg/g。
TpBD-3COOH COF对RhB的吸附动力学拟合参数见表1。可以看出:经准一级动力学模型拟合后得到方程的R2为0.948 4,且拟合后得到的平衡吸附量为7.08 mg/g,远小于试验值28.86 mg/g;经准二级动力学模型拟合后得到的平衡吸附量为28.49 mg/g,与试验值较为接近,且拟合方程的R2超过0.996 1,可见TpBD-3COOH COF吸附RhB的过程更符合准二级动力学模型,即吸附过程以化学吸附为主。
在25 ℃下,采用Langmuir、Freundlich等温吸附模型对TpBD-3COOH COF吸附RhB的过程进行分析[16-17]
Langmuir模型为一种单层均相吸附模型,即吸附结合位点均匀分布,表达式为:
$\frac{{\rho }_{e}}{{q}_{e}}=\frac{{\rho }_{e}}{{q}_{m}}+\frac{1}{{k}_{L}{q}_{m}}$;
Freundlich模型为一种多层非均相吸附模型,即吸附结合位点不是均匀分布,表达式为:
$ln {q}_{{}_{e}}=ln {k}_{F}+\frac{1}{n}ln {\rho }_{{}_{e}}$
式中:ρe—吸附平衡时RhB质量浓度,mg/L;qe—平衡吸附量,mg/g;qm—最大吸附量,mg/g;kL—Langmuir吸附常数,L/mg;kF—Freundlich吸附常数,m{g1-1/}^{n}·{L1/}^{n}·g-1;1/n—吸附强度。
TpBD-3COOH COF对RhB的等温吸附拟合参数见表2。可以看出:TpBD-3COOH COF对RhB的吸附过程更符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,即该吸附过程更趋近于单分子层吸附。
通过溶剂热法可成功制备新型羧基官能化的二维共价有机框架材料TpBD-3COOH COF。TpBD-3COOH COF对RhB吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型,为单分子层化学吸附。在pH=4时,采用8 mg TpBD-3COOH COF吸附10 mg/L RhB废水60 min,RhB去除率可达95%。5次重复试验后,TpBD-3COOH COF对RhB的去除率仍可达70%以上,其稳定性良好,在污水净化领域具有一定推广应用价值。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(21665029)
  • 云南省教育厅科学研究基金资助项目(2023J1329)
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2024年第43卷第2期
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doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.02.010
  • 接收时间:2023-12-04
  • 首发时间:2025-09-10
  • 出版时间:2024-04-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-04
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(21665029)
云南省教育厅科学研究基金资助项目(2023J1329)
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    1 云南民族大学, 云南 昆明 650500
    2 云南师范大学, 云南 昆明 650500

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阮琼(1964—),女,回族,硕士,教授,主要研究方向为纳米材料制备及仪器分析。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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