Article(id=1172619968068858774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172619967393579600, articleNumber=1009-2617(2024)02-0158-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.02.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1701273600000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1757503986613, onlineDateStr=2025-09-10, pubDate=1713542400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1757503986613, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1757503986613, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757503986613, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1172619967393579600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2024', volume='43', issue='2', pageStart='113', pageEnd='213', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1757503986451, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758592810833, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1177186827904631095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172619967393579600, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1177186827904631096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172619967393579600, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=158, endPage=165, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1172619968299545495, articleId=1172619968068858774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Selective Separation and Enrichment of Indium from Leaching Solution of Indium Residue by Rotating Disk Tower, columnId=1152626641181700664, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Experiment Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at leaching solution of indium residue produced by zinc hydrometallurgy, rotating disk extraction tower was used to separate indium and iron from the solution. The extraction effects of indium and iron ions in the solution, the extraction sequence of metal ions, the separation effect and emulsification of light and heavy phases was studied. The influences of the rotating disk rotating speed, feed flow rate, concentration of P204, solution acidity, reaction temperature and the phase ratio on separation effects were examined. The results show that under the optimal conditions of reaction temperature of 25 ℃, heavy phase volume flow rate of 7.8 L/h, P204 concentration of 20%, rotating disk rotating speed of 360 r/min, initial acidity of 60 g/L, VO/VA phase ratio of 1/1, the extraction rate of indium can reach 75%, the extraction rate of impurity element iron is less than 5%. The light and heavy phases are basically completely separated, and there is no emulsification. The result of extraction isotherms shows that complete extraction of indium can be achieved by three-stage countercurrent extraction under the condition of VO/VA phase ratio of 1/1. The loaded organic phase is pre-washed with dilute sulfuric acid, and then stripping with 5 mol/L hydrochloric acid under the condition of VO/VA=1/1. And the extraction rate of indium is more than 98%. After the replacement treatment, the stripping solution can be directly returned to zinc hydrometallurgy, the organic phase can be recycled after scrubbing.

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世仙果(1995—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为湿法冶金。

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世仙果(1995—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为湿法冶金。

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世仙果(1995—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为湿法冶金。

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a—萃取前P204;b—P204萃合物;c—反萃取后P204。

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In3+ Zn2+ ΣFe Fe2+ Ca2+ As3+ Mg2+ Al3+ H2SO4
0.82 20.06 21.49 20.66 0.49 0.03 0.44 3.70 61.80
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含铟溶液的主要化学成分 g/L

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In3+ Zn2+ ΣFe Fe2+ Ca2+ As3+ Mg2+ Al3+ H2SO4
0.82 20.06 21.49 20.66 0.49 0.03 0.44 3.70 61.80
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塔总高/
mm
塔内径/
mm
有效
高度/mm
圆盘
间距/mm
环形固定
环/个
圆形
转盘/个
1 850 80 1 000 50 25 25
), ArticleFig(id=1177334408223797693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172619968068858774, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

萃取塔的设备数据

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塔总高/
mm
塔内径/
mm
有效
高度/mm
圆盘
间距/mm
环形固定
环/个
圆形
转盘/个
1 850 80 1 000 50 25 25
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转盘萃取塔选择性分离富集铟渣浸出液中的铟试验研究
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世仙果 1 , 李兴彬 2 , 江国豪 3 , 朱应旭 1 , 李科 1 , 张泽林 1
湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2024,43(2): 158-165
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湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2024, 43(2): 158-165
转盘萃取塔选择性分离富集铟渣浸出液中的铟试验研究
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世仙果1, 李兴彬2, 江国豪3, 朱应旭1, 李科1, 张泽林1
作者信息
  • 1 云锡文山锌铟冶炼有限公司, 云南 文山 663700
  • 2 昆明理工大学 冶金与能源工程学院, 云南 昆明 650093
  • 3 重庆市武隆区应急救援指挥中心, 重庆 武隆 408599
  • 世仙果(1995—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为湿法冶金。

Selective Separation and Enrichment of Indium from Leaching Solution of Indium Residue by Rotating Disk Tower
Xianguo SHI1, Xingbin LI2, Guohao JIANG3, Yingxu ZHU1, Ke LI1, Zelin ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 Yunxi Wenshan Zinc Indium Smelting Co., Ltd., Wenshan 663700, China
  • 2 Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
  • 3 Chongqing Wulong District Emergency Rescue Command Center, Wulong 408599, China
出版时间: 2024-04-20 doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.02.008
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针对湿法炼锌产出的含铟渣浸出液,采用转盘萃取塔分离溶液中的铟、铁,研究了溶液中铟铁离子萃取效果、金属离子萃取顺序、轻重两相的分离效果及乳化情况。考察了转盘转速、进料流量、P204浓度、溶液酸度、反应温度和相比等因素对分离效果的影响。结果表明:在反应温度25 ℃、重相体积流量7.8 L/h、P204浓度20%、转盘转速360 r/min、溶液酸度60 g/L、相比VO/VA=1/1优化条件下,铟萃取率可达75%,杂质铁萃取率小于5%,轻重两相基本完全分离,并无乳化现象;萃取等温线结果表明,在相比VO/VA=1/1条件下,采用3级逆流萃取可实现完全萃取铟;负载有机相先采用稀硫酸洗涤,再以5 mol/L盐酸作为反萃取剂,在相比VO/VA=1/1条件下反萃取,铟反萃取率超过98%,反萃取液经过置换处理后可返回湿法炼锌流程,有机相可再生使用。
转盘萃取塔  /  湿法炼锌  /  铟  /  萃取  /  浸出渣  /  选择  /  分离  /  富集

Aiming at leaching solution of indium residue produced by zinc hydrometallurgy, rotating disk extraction tower was used to separate indium and iron from the solution. The extraction effects of indium and iron ions in the solution, the extraction sequence of metal ions, the separation effect and emulsification of light and heavy phases was studied. The influences of the rotating disk rotating speed, feed flow rate, concentration of P204, solution acidity, reaction temperature and the phase ratio on separation effects were examined. The results show that under the optimal conditions of reaction temperature of 25 ℃, heavy phase volume flow rate of 7.8 L/h, P204 concentration of 20%, rotating disk rotating speed of 360 r/min, initial acidity of 60 g/L, VO/VA phase ratio of 1/1, the extraction rate of indium can reach 75%, the extraction rate of impurity element iron is less than 5%. The light and heavy phases are basically completely separated, and there is no emulsification. The result of extraction isotherms shows that complete extraction of indium can be achieved by three-stage countercurrent extraction under the condition of VO/VA phase ratio of 1/1. The loaded organic phase is pre-washed with dilute sulfuric acid, and then stripping with 5 mol/L hydrochloric acid under the condition of VO/VA=1/1. And the extraction rate of indium is more than 98%. After the replacement treatment, the stripping solution can be directly returned to zinc hydrometallurgy, the organic phase can be recycled after scrubbing.

rotating disk extraction tower  /  zinc hydrometallurgy  /  indium  /  extraction  /  leaching residue  /  selection  /  separation  /  enrichment
世仙果, 李兴彬, 江国豪, 朱应旭, 李科, 张泽林. 转盘萃取塔选择性分离富集铟渣浸出液中的铟试验研究. 湿法冶金, 2024 , 43 (2) : 158 -165 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.02.008
Xianguo SHI, Xingbin LI, Guohao JIANG, Yingxu ZHU, Ke LI, Zelin ZHANG. Selective Separation and Enrichment of Indium from Leaching Solution of Indium Residue by Rotating Disk Tower[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2024 , 43 (2) : 158 -165 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.02.008
20世纪50年代,英荷壳牌石油公司提出了转盘萃取塔(RDC)的设备概念[1],因其具有操作简单、处理量大、成本低、占地面积小和维修方便等特点,在石油化工、湿法冶金和制药行业等得到广泛应用[2]。转盘萃取塔是一种机械式搅拌萃取塔,塔内安装很多圆环,利用塔内的转盘转动提供机械能,使进入塔体内的两相充分分散后接触和混合,增强传质过程,提高传质效率[3]。转盘萃取塔发展迅速,根据其结构特点可分为偏心转盘萃取塔、增强聚并塔、自稳定高效萃取塔、开式涡轮转盘萃取塔和开孔转盘萃取塔等[4]
近年来,研究人员对转盘萃取塔的实际应用开展了一系列研究,主要集中在转盘萃取塔的传质过程特性、传质单元高度、传质效率、金属分离回收等方面。如在塔径7.6、21.9 cm的转盘萃取塔中分别进行甲苯-丙酮-水体系传质,小塔径比大塔径的传质单元数大,且随着萃取塔塔径不断增大,其传质效率逐渐下降,转盘萃取塔放大效应明显[2,5-6];在转盘萃取塔中用清水萃取煤油中的苯甲酸,转盘转速、油层厚度与传质单元高度成反比,原料进样口流量与传质单元高度成正比[7];用直径100 mm的转盘色谱柱研究糠醛润滑油系统的流体力学和传质特性[8],液滴特征速度,两相流速和分散相保持率之间的关系近似中等转子转速下Logsdail等[9]提出的相关性;利用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,以水为连续相,对3种不同规模的转盘萃取塔内的单相流动的流场进行模拟[10],随塔径增大,级内混合减弱,级间返混增加;用萃取塔提纯辣椒油树脂,在原料进料流量20 L/h、重相进料流量40 L/h、转速360 r/min条件下可保持轻相物料中溶剂A和辣椒油树脂半成品配比为1/6[11];用P204和TBP组成的协同萃取剂在转盘萃取塔中从硫酸溶液中直接萃取钼,在较高的转子转速下转盘萃取塔可从水溶液和硫酸介质中直接提取Mo(Ⅵ),萃取率约为90.4%[12]。转盘萃取塔因其操作方便、传质效率高、分离容易、萃取效果好的特点而被广泛应用于石油化工行业,但用于有色金属行业中萃取金属离子的研究却鲜见报道。溶剂萃取铟技术较为成熟,但实际生产中仍存在水相和油相分离效果差、乳化层增多、溶液含油超标、辅料用量增大等问题。
试验采用转盘萃取塔处理锌湿法冶炼产出的含铟渣浸出液,旨在研究不同条件下铟、铁分萃取效果、轻相和重相分离效果及溶液乳化特点,以期为生产过程中存在的问题提供解决思路,同时为其应用于冶金行业其他方面提供技术参考。
试验原料为云南文山某湿法炼锌厂产出的含铟渣浸出液,pH=0.2,主要化学成分见表1
表1看出:溶液中除铟之外,还含有锌、铁、铝等杂质。而根据不同pH下P204萃取金属离子萃取率(图1)可知[13],在当前溶液的酸度下仅能实现铁离子的微量萃取,其余杂质离子几乎不能被萃取。
水溶液中铟离子以In3+、$\mathrm{InSO}_{4}^{+}$、$\mathrm{In}\mathrm{(SO_{4})}_{2}^{-}$和$\mathrm{In}\mathrm{(SO_{4})}_{3}^{3-}$等多种形式存在,在温度25 ℃、[In3+]=0.01 mol/L、[$\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}$]=1 mol/L条件下,得到铟离子在不同pH下的物种分布[14],结果如图2所示。
试验用含铟渣浸出液中的铟以In(Ⅲ)形式存在,故采用P204作为萃取剂(酸性磷类萃取剂),磺化煤油作为稀释剂。由于酸性磷类萃取剂在非极性溶液中常以二聚体形式存在(以H2R2表示),因此其萃取过程可表示为
3H2R2+In3+═══════InR3·3HR+3H+
平衡常数Kex可表示为
$K_{\mathrm{ex}}=\frac{\left[\mathrm{In} \mathrm{R}_{3} \cdot 3 \mathrm{HR}\right]\left[\mathrm{H}^{+}\right]^{3}}{\left[\mathrm{In}^{3+}\right]\left[\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{R}_{2}\right]^{2}} 。$
为表征溶液中游离铟离子与总铟离子浓度之比,引入系数$\delta $,计算公式为
$\delta=\frac{\left[\mathrm{In}^{3+}\right]}{[\mathrm{In}]_{\mathrm{T}}}=\frac{1}{1+\sum_{j=1} \alpha_{j}\left(\mathrm{~N}^{\mathrm{m}-}\right)^{j}},$
此时,分配系数(D)为
$D=\frac{\left[\mathrm{InR}_{3} \cdot 3 \mathrm{HR}\right]}{\left[\mathrm{In}^{3+}\right]} \delta_{\circ}$
对式(1)~(4)作lg函数得
lg D=lg δ+lg Kex+2lg(H2R2)-3pH。
以含铟渣浸出液为重相、P204-磺化煤油为轻相,其中轻相由塔底进入,作为分散相向上流动,经塔顶分离段分离后由塔顶流出;重相由塔顶进入,塔底流出,两相呈逆流接触[10]。在固定转盘搅动下,分散相呈小液滴,增大传质面积。
萃取率(E)计算公式为
E=$\frac{{\rho }_{0}{V}_{0}-{\rho }_{1}{V}_{1}}{{\rho }_{0}{V}_{0}}$×100%。
式中:ρ0—萃前液中金属离子质量浓度,g/L;V0—萃前液体积,L;ρ1—萃余液中金属离子质量浓度,g/L;V1—萃余液体积,L。
铟离子浓度测定:用1 mL的移液管取待测样(萃余液或反萃余液)放置于比色管中并稀释相应倍数(稀释倍数根据离子浓度而定),同时向稀释液中加入2%的硝酸,定容后采用火焰原子吸收法测定水相(重相)中铟离子浓度,再通过物料守恒计算有机相(轻相)中铟萃取量。
铁离子浓度测定:用0.5 mL移液管取待测液样置于50 mL比色管中,再加入10 mL磺基水杨酸,定容后置于紫外分光光度计中进行测定,每个样品重复测定2次。
转盘萃取塔型号为RDC-80,产自郑州天一科技有限公司,其结构如图3所示,主要设备参数见表2
在温度25 ℃、P204浓度20%、相比VO/VA=1/1、溶液酸度61.8 g/L、常压条件下,从塔顶部加入溶液(重相),体积流量为7.8 L/h,塔底加入萃取剂P204(用磺化煤油稀释后),考察转盘转速对铟、铁萃取率的影响,试验结果如图4所示。可以看出,随反应时间延长,转盘转速越大,铟萃取率越大,铁萃取率越小,铟铁分离效果越好:转速由120 r/min增至360 r/min,反应80 min时,铟萃取率由67%增至75%,铁萃取率由6.5%降至4%。这是由于搅拌速度增大,使得液流的剪刀作用强化[15],从而使一相分散成更多液滴,相间接触面积增大,轻重两相的相对运动及分散状况得到极大改善,使传质效果增强(见图5)。但转速增至400 r/min时,铟萃取率呈下降趋势,铁萃取率略微上升,这是由于转速过大,轻重两相无法流出,且易产生油水混合物,形成第三相(乳化相),从而导致萃取效率降低[6]。综合考虑,确定转盘萃取塔最佳转速为360 r/min。
在温度25 ℃、P204浓度20%、相比VO/VA=1/1、转盘转速360 r/min、溶液酸度61.8 g/L、常压条件下,从塔顶部加入溶液(重相),塔底加入萃取剂P204(用磺化煤油稀释后),考察重相进料流量对铟、铁萃取率的影响,试验结果如图6所示。
图6看出,保持转盘转速和轻、重相的总量之比不变,随进料流量增大,铟萃取率逐渐升高,铁萃取率基本不变:进料流量从1.8 L/h增至7.8 L/h,反应20 min时,铟萃取率从61%增至71%;继续延长反应时间,铟萃取率可达75%。继续增大进料流量,部分轻相与重相混合并流出,使得塔内轻相液面下降,轻、重两相接触时间缩短,传质效率降低,导致铟萃取率降低,且易造成溶液含油超标。综合考虑,确定重相流量以7.8 L/h为宜,此时铟萃取效果最佳,且轻、重两相能较好分离。
在转盘转速360 r/min、P204浓度20%、相比VO/VA=1/1、溶液酸度61.8 g/L条件下,从塔顶部加入溶液(重相),体积流量为7.8 L/h,塔底加入萃取剂P204(用磺化煤油稀释后),考察反应温度对铟、铁萃取率的影响,试验结果如图7所示。
图7看出,随温度升高,铟、铁萃取率呈略微升高趋势,这是升高温度使得物质反应活性增强所致:温度从25 ℃升至55 ℃,铟萃取率几乎不变,约为75%,铁萃取率约为4.85%,整体变化趋势不大;继续升高温度,进入有机相中的铁浓度可能会增大,不利于后续反萃取试验。综合考虑,选择在25 ℃下开展试验即可。
在温度25 ℃、相比VO/VA=1/1、转盘转速360 r/min、溶液酸度61.8 g/L常压条件下,从塔顶部加入溶液(重相),体积流量为7.8 L/h,塔底加入萃取剂P204(用磺化煤油稀释后),考察萃取剂P204浓度对铟、铁萃取率的影响,试验结果如图8所示。
图8看出,铟、铁萃取率与P204浓度呈正相关关系,即P204浓度越大,铟、铁萃取率越高:P204浓度从5%增至20%时,铟萃取率从63%升至71%,铁萃取率由2.7%升至4.1%,反应时间延长至100 min时,铟萃取率升至75%;随P204浓度增至25%,铟萃取率呈升高趋势,但杂质铁萃取率从4.1%升至5.2%,且铁元素过高易使有机相中毒和老化,降低其使用寿命,同时使负载有机相黏度增大。综合考虑,确定最佳P204浓度为20%。
在温度25 ℃、转盘转速360 r/min、P204浓度20%、相比VO/VA=1/1、常压条件下,从塔顶部加入溶液(重相),体积流量为7.8 L/h,塔底加入P204(用磺化煤油稀释后),考察重相溶液酸度对铟、铁萃取率的影响,试验结果如图9所示。
图9看出,重相初始酸度对铟、铁萃取率的影响表现为酸度越大,铟、铁萃取率越低:酸度为20 g/L时,铟、铁萃取率分别为76%和5%;酸度为40 g/L和60 g/L时,两条曲线基本重叠,表明铟萃取率相近,而铁萃取率在40 g/L时明显更高;酸度继续增大至80 g/L时,铟、铁萃取率降低,分别为71%和3.5%。这是由于P204萃取铟离子的过程属于阳离子交换过程,初始酸度越高,溶液中游离氢离子浓度越大,促使反应(1)向左移动,则萃取过程被抑制[16]。综合考虑,确定重相初始酸度以60 g/L为宜,既可确保铟萃取效果,又能降低铁萃取率。
在温度25 ℃、转盘转速为360 r/min、P204浓度20%、溶液酸度61.8 g/L、常压条件下,从塔顶部加入溶液(重相),体积流量为7.8 L/h,塔底加入P204(用磺化煤油稀释后),考察相比VO/VA对铟、铁萃取率的影响,试验结果如图10所示。可以看出,铟、铁萃取率与相比呈正相关关系,即随VO/VA减小,铟、铁萃取率逐渐降低:VO/VA=2/1时,有机相浓度较大,铟、铁萃取率均达最大,分别为76.01%和5.61%;VO/VA=1/1时,铟萃取率降至75.52%,铁萃取率为4.51%;继续降低VO/VA至1/3时,铟、铁萃取率降至最低,分别为70.85%和3.65%。综合考虑,确定相比VO/VA为1/1,此条件可满足萃取要求。
以水相和负载有机相中的铟离子质量浓度分别作为横轴(x轴)和纵轴(y轴),斜率为试验过程中所用相比,绘制萃取等温线,结果如图11所示。
图11看出:在重相中铟质量浓度0.82 g/L、VO/VA=1/1、两级逆流萃取条件下能实现铟的完全萃取。但考虑到实际生产过程中流量较大,因此,选择三级逆流萃取。
根据萃余液中铟质量浓度计算可知,负载有机相中铟质量浓度约为0.8 g/L。采用HCl作为反萃取剂回收铟(反萃取前用低浓度硫酸洗涤有机相),在反应温度25 ℃、VO/VA=1/1条件下,考察盐酸浓度对反萃取铟的影响,试验结果如图12所示。
图12看出,铟反萃取率与盐酸浓度呈正相关,即当盐酸浓度增大时,铟、铁反萃取率升高:盐酸浓度增至3 mol/L时,铟反萃取率提高至81.82%,而铁反萃取率为32.58%,这是因为部分铁与铟被P204共萃取进入有机相,形成反向胶束,导致低浓度盐酸难以破坏[17];盐酸浓度继续增至6 mol/L时,铟反萃取率为98.32%,铁反萃取率为70.65%。考虑到高浓度盐酸会引入大量氯离子,可能造成设备腐蚀加速问题,因此,确定盐酸浓度以5 mol/L为宜。
试验通过对比分析新鲜有机相和负载有机相的红外光谱确定萃取过程参与反应的官能团。萃取前P204有机相、萃取后负载有机相及反萃取后贫有机相的红外光谱分析结果如图13所示。
图13(a)中1 032、1 229.17 和1 686.55 cm-1处分别归属于P204的P—O—R、P══O和P—O—H的伸缩振动峰,萃取反应发生后,P—O—R特征峰基本未移动,表明该基团没有参与萃取配位过程;P══O的伸缩振动峰由1 229.17 cm-1向1 210.02 cm-1移动,P—OH的伸缩振动峰由1 686.55 cm-1移动至1 636.36 cm-1,且P—OH的特征峰基本消失。由此可知,P204萃取铟过程为P—OH键断裂,氢离子离解进入溶液中,剩余P—O和P══O官能团与铟离子结合形成萃合物进入有机相。P204萃取铟、铁后生成的萃合物结构如图14所示[18]
采用转盘萃取塔从含铟渣浸出液中分离铟、铁是可行的。最佳工艺条件为:温度25 ℃,重相体积流量7.8 L/h,P204体积浓度20%,转盘转速360 r/min,重相酸度60 g/L,相比VO/VA=1/1。该条件下,铟萃取率为75%,铁萃取率为4.1%。用5 mol/L盐酸为反萃取剂,负载有机相中98%左右的铟可被反萃取,且几乎不残留铁,有机相可循环再生。该法工艺运行稳定性好,可操作性强,轻重两相的分离效果好,整个试验过程基本未出现乳化现象。但铟离子萃取效果的提高还有待进一步深入研究。
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2024年第43卷第2期
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doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.02.008
  • 接收时间:2023-11-30
  • 首发时间:2025-09-10
  • 出版时间:2024-04-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-30
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    1 云锡文山锌铟冶炼有限公司, 云南 文山 663700
    2 昆明理工大学 冶金与能源工程学院, 云南 昆明 650093
    3 重庆市武隆区应急救援指挥中心, 重庆 武隆 408599
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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