Article(id=1172617839237280544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172617833407197957, articleNumber=1009-2617(2024)05-0538-05, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.05.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716825600000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1757503479059, onlineDateStr=2025-09-10, pubDate=1729353600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1757503479059, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1757503479059, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757503479059, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1172617833407197957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2024', volume='43', issue='5', pageStart='473', pageEnd='591', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1757503477670, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758275998347, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1175858020027347895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172617833407197957, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1175858020027347896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172617833407197957, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=538, endPage=542, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1172617839597990691, articleId=1172617839237280544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Preparation of High-grade Germanium Concentrate by Acid Pickling of Tannic Germanium Residue, columnId=1152626641181700664, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Experiment Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In view of the problems of low impurity removal rate and low grade of germanium concentrate in the washing process of tannin germanium residue, the As, Zn and Fe impurities in tannin germanium residue were effectively removed by washing with dilute sulfuric acid solution. The effects of sulfuric acid mass concentration, washing temperature and washing time, liquid volume to solid mass ratio on the removal rate of As, Zn and Fe impurities and Ge loss rate were investigated. The results show that under the conditions of sulfuric acid mass concentration of 60 g/L, liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 5 mL/1 g, washing temperature of 60 ℃,first washing time of 120 min, second washing and third washing time of 60 min, the cumulative removal rates of As, Zn and Fe can reach over 88%, 97% and 95%, respectively. Ge cumulative loss rate is less than 1.50%. The Ge and As grades of germanium concentrate prepared by three-stage countercurrent pickling and oxidation roasting process are 34.45% and 0.54%, respectively, which meet the tertiary standard of germanium concentrate.

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张候文(1976—),男,本科,高级工程师,主要研究方向为湿法冶金技术及工艺设计。E-mail:
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付维琴(1987—),女,硕士,正高级工程师,主要研究方向为加压湿法冶金及资源综合利用。

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付维琴(1987—),女,硕士,正高级工程师,主要研究方向为加压湿法冶金及资源综合利用。

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付维琴(1987—),女,硕士,正高级工程师,主要研究方向为加压湿法冶金及资源综合利用。

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Ge Zn Fe Mn As Cd
1.70 17.01 1.59 0.46 0.26 0.054
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单宁锗渣的主要化学成分 %

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Ge Zn Fe Mn As Cd
1.70 17.01 1.59 0.46 0.26 0.054
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洗涤方式 洗涤液
体积/mL
洗涤液中ρB/(mg·L-1) 净化单宁锗渣中wB/% 渣率/
%
脱除率/% 锗损失
率/%
Ge As Zn Fe Ge As Zn Fe As Zn Fe
一段洗涤 480 48.88 400 27 410 2 760 3.37 0.11 5.76 0.33 49.73 78.96 83.16 89.68 1.38
三段逆流
洗涤
695 52.50 470 34 130 3 120 4.51 0.083 0.98 0.18 37.07 88.17 97.86 95.80 1.43
690 47.97 480 34 440 3 200 4.78 0.081 0.95 0.11 35.06 89.08 98.04 97.57 1.30
695 51.09 480 34 250 3 170 4.72 0.078 0.86 0.13 35.46 89.36 98.21 97.10 1.39
685 45.53 480 34 640 3 220 4.54 0.075 0.97 0.12 36.93 89.35 97.89 97.21 1.22
690 50.37 480 34 410 3 210 4.37 0.068 0.91 0.096 38.29 89.99 97.95 97.69 1.36
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三段逆流洗涤与一段洗涤试验结果对比

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洗涤方式 洗涤液
体积/mL
洗涤液中ρB/(mg·L-1) 净化单宁锗渣中wB/% 渣率/
%
脱除率/% 锗损失
率/%
Ge As Zn Fe Ge As Zn Fe As Zn Fe
一段洗涤 480 48.88 400 27 410 2 760 3.37 0.11 5.76 0.33 49.73 78.96 83.16 89.68 1.38
三段逆流
洗涤
695 52.50 470 34 130 3 120 4.51 0.083 0.98 0.18 37.07 88.17 97.86 95.80 1.43
690 47.97 480 34 440 3 200 4.78 0.081 0.95 0.11 35.06 89.08 98.04 97.57 1.30
695 51.09 480 34 250 3 170 4.72 0.078 0.86 0.13 35.46 89.36 98.21 97.10 1.39
685 45.53 480 34 640 3 220 4.54 0.075 0.97 0.12 36.93 89.35 97.89 97.21 1.22
690 50.37 480 34 410 3 210 4.37 0.068 0.91 0.096 38.29 89.99 97.95 97.69 1.36
), ArticleFig(id=1176949855621624379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172617839237280544, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
洗涤
方法
净化单宁锗渣中wB/% 锗精矿
质量/g
锗精矿中wB/%
Ge As Zn Fe Ge As Zn Fe
酸洗 4.37 0.068 0.91 0.096 6.26 34.45 0.54 7.2 0.76
水洗 4.08 0.34 3.22 1.68 10.19 19.77 1.66 15.75 8.21
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不同洗涤方式对锗精矿品位的影响

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洗涤
方法
净化单宁锗渣中wB/% 锗精矿
质量/g
锗精矿中wB/%
Ge As Zn Fe Ge As Zn Fe
酸洗 4.37 0.068 0.91 0.096 6.26 34.45 0.54 7.2 0.76
水洗 4.08 0.34 3.22 1.68 10.19 19.77 1.66 15.75 8.21
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单宁锗渣酸洗制备高品位锗精矿试验研究
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付维琴 1 , 张候文 2 , 刘俊场 1 , 李衍林 2 , 牟兴兵 1 , 杨大锦 2 , 赵红梅 2 , 杨睿潇 1 , 王坤 1 , 乔子棽 1
湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2024,43(5): 538-542
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湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2024, 43(5): 538-542
单宁锗渣酸洗制备高品位锗精矿试验研究
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付维琴1, 张候文2 , 刘俊场1, 李衍林2, 牟兴兵1, 杨大锦2, 赵红梅2, 杨睿潇1, 王坤1, 乔子棽1
作者信息
  • 1 昆明冶金研究院有限公司, 云南 昆明 650503
  • 2 云南驰宏锌锗股份有限公司, 云南 曲靖 655011
  • 付维琴(1987—),女,硕士,正高级工程师,主要研究方向为加压湿法冶金及资源综合利用。

通讯作者:

张候文(1976—),男,本科,高级工程师,主要研究方向为湿法冶金技术及工艺设计。E-mail:
Preparation of High-grade Germanium Concentrate by Acid Pickling of Tannic Germanium Residue
Weiqin FU1, Houwen ZHANG2 , Junchang LIU1, Yanlin LI2, Xingbing MU1, Dajin YANG2, Hongmei ZHAO2, Ruixiao YANG1, Kun WANG1, Zishen QIAO1
Affiliations
  • 1 Kunming Metallurgical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Kunming 650503, China
  • 2 Yunnan Chihong Zinc & Germanium Co., Ltd., Qujing 655011, China
出版时间: 2024-10-20 doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.05.009
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针对单宁锗渣水洗过程存在的杂质去除率低、锗精矿品位低等问题,研究了采用稀硫酸溶液洗涤高效脱除单宁锗渣中As、Zn、Fe杂质,考察了硫酸质量浓度、洗涤温度、洗涤时间、液固体积质量比对As、Zn、Fe杂质脱除率及Ge损失率的影响。结果表明:采用三段逆流硫酸洗涤,在硫酸质量浓度60 g/L、液固体积质量比5 mL/1 g、洗涤温度60 ℃、一段洗涤时间120 min、二段和三段洗涤时间均为60 min条件下,As、Zn、Fe累计脱除率分别可达88%、97%、95%以上,Ge累计损失率在1.50%以下;采用三段逆流酸洗—氧化焙烧工艺制备的锗精矿中Ge、As品位分别34.45%、0.54%,符合锗精矿三级标准。
单宁锗渣  /  酸洗  /  砷  /  铁  /  锌  /  锗  /  锗精矿

In view of the problems of low impurity removal rate and low grade of germanium concentrate in the washing process of tannin germanium residue, the As, Zn and Fe impurities in tannin germanium residue were effectively removed by washing with dilute sulfuric acid solution. The effects of sulfuric acid mass concentration, washing temperature and washing time, liquid volume to solid mass ratio on the removal rate of As, Zn and Fe impurities and Ge loss rate were investigated. The results show that under the conditions of sulfuric acid mass concentration of 60 g/L, liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 5 mL/1 g, washing temperature of 60 ℃,first washing time of 120 min, second washing and third washing time of 60 min, the cumulative removal rates of As, Zn and Fe can reach over 88%, 97% and 95%, respectively. Ge cumulative loss rate is less than 1.50%. The Ge and As grades of germanium concentrate prepared by three-stage countercurrent pickling and oxidation roasting process are 34.45% and 0.54%, respectively, which meet the tertiary standard of germanium concentrate.

tannic germanium residue  /  acid picking  /  arsenic  /  iron  /  zinc  /  germanium  /  germanium concentrate
付维琴, 张候文, 刘俊场, 李衍林, 牟兴兵, 杨大锦, 赵红梅, 杨睿潇, 王坤, 乔子棽. 单宁锗渣酸洗制备高品位锗精矿试验研究. 湿法冶金, 2024 , 43 (5) : 538 -542 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.05.009
Weiqin FU, Houwen ZHANG, Junchang LIU, Yanlin LI, Xingbing MU, Dajin YANG, Hongmei ZHAO, Ruixiao YANG, Kun WANG, Zishen QIAO. Preparation of High-grade Germanium Concentrate by Acid Pickling of Tannic Germanium Residue[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2024 , 43 (5) : 538 -542 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.05.009
锗作为稀有稀散金属之一,是除硅以外最重要的半导体材料,因具有独特的性质,广泛应用于航空航天、核物理探测、光纤通讯、红外光学、太阳能电池、化学催化剂、生物医学和催化剂等领域,因此,被视为一种重要的战略资源[1]
锗在自然界分布非常分散,几乎不存在可独立开采的矿床,通常作为伴生矿物存在于其他矿物中[2],其中,铅锌矿是锗赋存的主要矿物之一。我国拥有丰富的低品位含锗铅锌矿资源,该类矿石经火法富集处理后得到的含锗氧化锌烟尘是提取锗的重要原料[3]。工业上通常采用硫酸浸出—单宁沉锗—洗涤—焙烧富集锗的经典工艺从含锗氧化锌烟尘中提取锗,能够得到含锗15%~20%的锗精矿[4-6]。在单宁沉锗过程中,含锗浸出液中的锌、铁、砷等离子会进入单宁锗沉淀中[7],降低渣中锗含量,影响锗精矿品位[8]。为除去单宁锗渣中的杂质离子,工业上常采用的处理方式是水洗[9],该法虽能有效去除可溶性硫酸盐,但对砷、铁等杂质的去除效果并不理想。此外,还有采用盐酸-氯化钠溶液洗涤除杂的研究报道[10],该法的杂质去除率相对较高,但存在洗涤体系与主系统不匹配,且对设备污染性较大等问题。因此,寻找一种既高效又环保的除杂方法仍是当前研究的重要方向。
用稀硫酸溶液洗涤单宁锗渣,可避免溶液pH升高引起Zn2+、Fe3+、$\mathrm{AsO}_{4}^{3+}$等杂质离子水解生成Zn2(OH)2SO4、Fe(OH)3、FeAsO4、Zn3(AsO4)2等沉淀,从而降低单宁锗渣中砷、铁、锌等杂质含量。因此,试验研究了用稀硫酸洗涤单宁锗渣,确定了优化洗涤工艺条件,并对比了三段逆流洗涤与一段洗涤的试验结果,以期为单宁锗渣的除杂提供一种可选择的方法。
试验用单宁锗渣为云南某铅锌冶炼企业氧化锌烟尘浸出—单宁沉淀得到的单宁锗渣,其主要化学成分见表1。可以看出:锗品位为1.70%,杂质锌、铁、砷品位也较高。其中,水占52.86%。
采用稀硫酸溶液洗涤单宁锗渣是将夹带在其中的水溶性物质洗涤进入溶液中,经液固分离达到净化目的。采用酸洗可防止单宁锗渣中的Zn2+、Fe3+、$\mathrm{AsO}_{4}^{3+}$等杂质离子水解形成Zn2(OH)2SO4、Fe(OH)3、FeAsO4、Zn3(AsO4)2等沉淀,从而提高单宁锗渣锗品位,最终提高锗精矿产品质量。采用水洗涤单宁锗渣时,砷、锌、铁杂质会发生水解或形成中间化合物,主要化学反应式如下:

ZnSO4+2H2O$\rightleftharpoons$Zn(OH)2+H2SO4;

2ZnSO4+2H2O$\rightleftharpoons$Zn2(OH)2SO4+H2SO4;

Fe2(SO4)3+6H2O$\rightleftharpoons$2Fe(OH)3+3H2SO4;

3ZnSO4+2H3AsO3$\rightleftharpoons$Zn3(AsO3)2+3H2SO4;

ZnSO4+H2As2O4$\rightleftharpoons$ZnAs2O4+H2SO4

将单宁锗渣与一定质量浓度的稀硫酸溶液按一定液固体积质量比混合调浆,在一定温度下,搅拌反应一定时间;反应结束后,料浆经液固分离、干燥得到净化单宁锗渣;再将净化单宁锗渣在一定温度下焙烧一定时间,制得高品位锗精矿。单宁锗渣酸洗除杂制备锗精矿的工艺流程如图1所示。
通过单因素试验考察硫酸质量浓度、洗涤温度、洗涤时间、液固体积质量比对单宁锗渣中砷、铁、锌脱除率及锗损失率的影响,确定优化工艺条件。
取单宁锗渣100.00 g,在液固体积质量比4 mL/1 g、洗涤温度60 ℃、洗涤时间60 min条件下,考察硫酸质量浓度对砷、铁、锌脱除率及锗损失率的影响,试验结果如图2所示。
图2看出:采用水洗涤单宁锗渣时(硫酸质量浓度为0 g/L),砷、锌、铁杂质的脱除效果较差,脱除率仅为45.43%、61.51%、55.98%,此时锗损失率较低,仅为0.05%,这是由于砷、锌、铁杂质水解形成Zn2 (OH)2SO4、Fe(OH)3、FeAsO4、Zn3(AsO4)2等沉淀进入单宁锗渣中所致。采用硫酸溶液洗涤单宁锗渣时,随硫酸质量浓度增大,砷、锌、铁杂质脱除率逐渐升高,锗损失率也随之升高;硫酸质量浓度增至40 g/L时,砷、锌、铁脱除率分别达60.83%、82.35%、82.61%,此时锗损失率为0.73%;继续增大硫酸质量浓度至60 g/L时,砷、铁脱除率继续增至76.48%、85.58%,但锌脱除率增幅不明显,而此时锗损失率则增至2.03%;综合考虑,确定硫酸质量浓度以60 g/L为宜。
取单宁锗渣100.00 g,在硫酸质量浓度60 g/L、液固体积质量比4 mL/1 g、洗涤时间60 min条件下,考察洗涤温度对砷、铁、锌脱除率及锗损失率的影响,试验结果如图3所示。
图3看出:随温度升高,砷、锌、铁脱除率均升高,锗损失率也逐渐升高;温度为25 ℃时,砷、锌、铁脱除率分别为56.28%、75.68%、65.29%,锗损失率为1.31%;温度升至60 ℃时,砷、锌、铁脱除率分别提高20.20%、6.49%、20.29%,锗损失率增加0.72%;之后继续升高温度,砷、锌、铁脱除率升幅不大,而锗损失率则大幅增加。综合考虑,确定洗涤温度以60 ℃为宜。
取单宁锗渣100.00 g,在硫酸质量浓度60 g/L、液固体积质量比4 mL/1 g、洗涤温度60 ℃条件下,考察洗涤时间对砷、铁、锌脱除率及锗损失率的影响,试验结果如图4所示。
图4看出:延长洗涤时间,砷、锌、铁脱除率升高,锗损失率降低;洗涤时间延长至60 min时,砷、锌、铁脱除率达76.48%、82.17%、85.58%,锗损失率为2.03%;进一步延长洗涤时间至120 min,砷、锌、铁脱除率增加不明显,锗损失率持续降低,这是由于随酸洗反应进行,体系中硫酸质量浓度逐渐减小,已溶解的锗又被沉淀所致;之后再延长洗涤时间,砷、铁、锌脱除率及锗损失率均变化不大。综合考虑,确定洗涤时间以120 min为宜。
取单宁锗渣100.00 g,在硫酸质量浓度60 g/L、洗涤温度60 ℃、洗涤时间120 min条件下,考察液固体积质量比对砷、铁、锌脱除率及锗损失率的影响,试验结果如图5所示。
图5看出,随洗涤液固体积质量比增大,砷、锌、铁脱除率均先升高后趋于平稳,而锗损失率逐渐升高:液固体积质量比为3 mL/1 g时,反应体系较黏稠,单宁锗渣不能在硫酸溶液中很好地分散,砷、锌、铁脱除率分别为59.65%、78.01%、68.11%,锗损失率为0.56%;液固体积质量比增加至5 mL/1 g时,砷、锌、铁脱除率分别升至78.96%、83.16%、89.68%,此时锗损失率为1.38%,这因为硫酸质量浓度相同时,随液固体积质量比增大,硫酸用量增加使溶液中更多H+参与反应,同时反应体系黏度也会降低,反应扩散阻力减小,促进反应进行;之后继续增大液固体积质量比,砷、锌、铁脱除率升幅不大,而锗损失率明显增加。因此,确定洗涤液固体积质量比以5 mL/1 g为宜。
通过上述试验结果确定单宁锗渣酸洗优化工艺条件为:硫酸质量浓度60 g/L,液固体积质量比5 mL/1 g,洗涤温度60 ℃,洗涤时间120 min。在该条件下,砷、锌、铁脱除率分别可达78.96%、83.16%、89.68%,锗损失率为1.38%;净化单宁锗渣含锗3.37%、砷0.11%、锌5.76%、铁0.33%。
为了进一步提高单宁锗渣硫酸洗涤过程中砷、锌、铁杂质脱除率,同时降低锗损失率,试验采用三段逆流洗涤单宁锗渣。试验条件:单宁锗渣质量150.00 g,硫酸质量浓度60 g/L,液固体积质量比5 mL/1 g,洗涤温度60 ℃,一段洗涤时间120 min,二段、三段洗涤时间均为60 min。三段逆流洗涤与一段洗涤试验结果对比情况见表2
表2看出:与一段洗涤相比,三段逆流洗涤后砷、锌、铁杂质脱除率明显提高,锗损失率相差不大。三段逆流洗涤净化单宁锗渣中w(As)≤0.10%,w(Zn)≤1.00%,w(Fe)≤0.20%,Ge明显得以富集,品位在4.3%~4.8%之间,砷、锌、铁累计脱除率分别可达88%、97%、95%以上,锗累计损失率在1.50%以下。说明采用三段逆流硫酸洗涤可实现单宁锗渣中砷、锌、铁杂质的高效脱除,使净化单宁锗渣杂质含量降低,并提高渣中锗品位。
将洗涤除杂后的单宁锗渣进行氧化焙烧的主要目的是使有机物单宁酸充分燃烧,焙烧后剩余产物即为锗精矿。理论上,焙烧温度超过550 ℃时,GeO开始氧化并转化为GeO2;但如果在该高温条件下氧气供应不足,则会导致GeO发生升华现象。因此,为避免GeO升华并确保焙烧过程有效进行,焙烧温度应选择低于550 ℃为宜[11]
分别取三段逆流酸洗和三段逆流水洗后的单宁锗渣50.00 g,在焙烧温度500 ℃、焙烧时间5 h条件下,分别考察酸洗和水洗方式对锗精矿品位的影响,试验结果见表3
表3看出:与常规水洗方法相比,采用三段逆流酸洗,净化单宁锗渣中As、Zn、Fe杂质含量明显降低,氧化焙烧后得到的锗精矿中As、Zn、Fe杂质含量也明显降低,Ge品位约提高15%,达34.45%,Ge、As品位可达锗精矿三级标准(w(Ge)≥30.0%,w(As)≤1.0%);而常规水洗—焙烧得到的锗精矿中Ge品位为19.77%,能达锗精矿五级标准(w(Ge)≥15.0%,w(As)≤1.5%),但砷含量超标。综上说明,三段逆流硫酸洗涤有利于降低单宁锗渣杂质含量,提高锗精矿品位,进而减少锗精矿后续处理成本。
1)以稀硫酸溶液为洗涤剂,采用三段逆流酸洗的方法,可实现单宁锗渣中As、Zn、Fe杂质的高效脱除,降低单宁锗渣中杂质含量,提高锗精矿产品质量。该工艺的As、Zn、Fe杂质脱除率高,Ge回收率高,不引入新杂质,与湿法炼锌主系统匹配性较好。
2)单宁锗渣酸洗优化工艺条件为:硫酸质量浓度60 g/L,液固体积质量比5 mL/1 g,洗涤温度60 ℃,洗涤时间120 min。采用三段逆流酸洗,在硫酸质量浓度60 g/L,液固体积质量比为5 mL/1 g,洗涤温度60 ℃、一段洗涤时间120 min,二段、三段洗涤时间均为60 min条件下,单宁锗渣中As、Zn、Fe质量分数可降至0.10%、1.00%、0.20%以下,Ge品位在4.3%以上,As、Zn、Fe累计脱除率分别可达88%、97%、95%以上,Ge累计损失率在1.50%以下。
3)采用三段逆流酸洗—氧化焙烧制备的锗精矿主要组成为Ge 34.45%、As 0.54%、Zn 7.2%、Fe 0.76%,Ge、As品位可达锗精矿三级标准。
  • 云南省科技人才与平台计划-技术创新人才培养对象项目(202305AD160053)
  • 云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202202AB080005)
  • 云南省重点研发计划项目(202203AA080005)
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2024年第43卷第5期
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doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.05.009
  • 接收时间:2024-05-28
  • 首发时间:2025-09-10
  • 出版时间:2024-10-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-28
基金
云南省科技人才与平台计划-技术创新人才培养对象项目(202305AD160053)
云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202202AB080005)
云南省重点研发计划项目(202203AA080005)
作者信息
    1 昆明冶金研究院有限公司, 云南 昆明 650503
    2 云南驰宏锌锗股份有限公司, 云南 曲靖 655011

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张候文(1976—),男,本科,高级工程师,主要研究方向为湿法冶金技术及工艺设计。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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