Article(id=1172617837140132373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172617833407197957, articleNumber=1009-2617(2024)05-0543-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.05.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718553600000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1757503478560, onlineDateStr=2025-09-10, pubDate=1729353600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1757503478560, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1757503478560, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757503478560, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1172617833407197957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2024', volume='43', issue='5', pageStart='473', pageEnd='591', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1757503477670, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758275998347, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1175858020027347895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172617833407197957, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1175858020027347896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172617833407197957, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=543, endPage=550, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1172617837437927958, articleId=1172617837140132373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Adsorption Properties of Polyethylene Imine-functionalized Biochar Aerogel for Uranium, columnId=1152626641181700664, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Experiment Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The synthesis of a polyethylene imine-functionalized biochar aerogels (LSBC-CTS/PEI) using lotus seed powder, chitosan and polyethylene imine as materials, and used for adsorption of U(Ⅵ) in wastewater was studied. The results show that LSBC-CTS/PEI exhibit a looser structure with interconnections, and contains very rich amine-based functional groups, which can provide more adsorption sites for U(Ⅵ) coordination. The selective adsorption of U(Ⅵ) by LSBC-CTS/PEI is greatly affected by pH. The adsorption is mainly composed of single-layer chemisorption, which belongs to a spontaneous endothermic process, and is more suitable for description by quasi-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isothermal adsorption model. The selectivity of LSBC-CTS/PEI to uranium is 84.91%, and the maximum adsorption capacity is 533.89 mg/g. The adsorption material has high adsorption capacity of uranium, good selectivity, and convenient separation of solid and liquid, so it has the certain value of application.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zihao FENG, Jianqi LYU, Yang WANG, Qi REN, Yun WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1172618257543610503, articleId=1172617837140132373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=CN, title=聚乙烯亚胺功能化的生物炭气凝胶对铀的吸附性能研究, columnId=1152626641328501305, journalTitle=湿法冶金, columnName=试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=研究了以莲蓬粉末、壳聚糖与聚乙烯亚胺为原料,合成一种聚乙烯亚胺功能化的莲蓬生物炭气凝胶(LSBC-CTS/PEI)并用于吸附废水中的U(Ⅵ)。结果表明:LSBC-CTS/PEI呈现松散的交联网状结构,且含有非常丰富的胺基官能团,可为U(Ⅵ)的配合提供更多吸附位点;LSBC-CTS/PEI对U(Ⅵ)的选择性吸附受pH影响较大,吸附主要以单层化学吸附为主,属于自发的吸热过程,更适合用准二级动力学和Langmuir等温吸附模型描述;LSBC-CTS/PEI对铀的选择性达84.91%,最大吸附量为533.89 mg/g。该吸附材料对铀的吸附量较高、选择性较好,且固液分离方便,具有一定推广应用价值。, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
王云(1983—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为放射废水处理与环境修复。E-mail:
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冯子豪(2001—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为放射性废水处理。

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冯子豪(2001—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为放射性废水处理。

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冯子豪(2001—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为放射性废水处理。

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journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172617837140132373, language=CN, orderNo=7, keyword=气凝胶)], refs=[Reference(id=1176950035846672792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172617837140132373, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=352, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=IGHALO J O, CHEN Z H, OHORO C R, journalName=Chemosphere, refType=null, unstructuredReference=IGHALO J O, CHEN Z H, OHORO C R, et al. 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a—LSBC的SEM照片(放大2 000倍);b、c—LSBC-CTS/PEI的SEM照片(放大1 000 倍);d—LSBC-CTS/PEI-U的SEM照片及EDS元素面扫;e—EDS元素图谱。

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吸附剂 比表面积/
(m2·g-1)
孔隙体积/
(cm3·g-1)
平均孔径/
nm
LSBC 65.21 0.20 12.34
LSBC-CTS/PEI 4.21 0.02 12.52
), ArticleFig(id=1176950034932314511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172617837140132373, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

LSBC-CTS/PEI、LSBC的孔隙结构参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
吸附剂 比表面积/
(m2·g-1)
孔隙体积/
(cm3·g-1)
平均孔径/
nm
LSBC 65.21 0.20 12.34
LSBC-CTS/PEI 4.21 0.02 12.52
), ArticleFig(id=1176950035037172112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172617837140132373, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
吸附剂 qe,试验/
(mg·g-1)
准一级动力学模型 准二级动力学模型
qe,理论/(mg·g-1) k1/min-1 R2 qe,理论/(mg·g-1) k2/(g·mg-1·min-1) R2
LSBC 142.65 138.81 0.082 7 0.856 8 145.19 0.001 1 0.955 8
LSBC-CTS/PEI 198.4 184.7 0.015 1 0.967 0 207.54 0.000 8 0.979 2
), ArticleFig(id=1176950035125252497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172617837140132373, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

LSBC-CTS/PEI和LSBC吸附U(Ⅵ)的动力学拟合参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
吸附剂 qe,试验/
(mg·g-1)
准一级动力学模型 准二级动力学模型
qe,理论/(mg·g-1) k1/min-1 R2 qe,理论/(mg·g-1) k2/(g·mg-1·min-1) R2
LSBC 142.65 138.81 0.082 7 0.856 8 145.19 0.001 1 0.955 8
LSBC-CTS/PEI 198.4 184.7 0.015 1 0.967 0 207.54 0.000 8 0.979 2
), ArticleFig(id=1176950035225915794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172617837140132373, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
吸附剂 Langmuir等温吸附模型 Freundlich等温吸附模型
qm/(mg·g-1) kL/(L·g-1) R2 kF/(mg1-1/n·L1/n·g-1) n R2
LSBC 329.53 0.017 7 0.978 9 17.842 4 0.524 6 0.921 0
LSBC-CTS/PEI 533.89 0.028 5 0.944 8 41.505 6 0.488 8 0.864 6
), ArticleFig(id=1176950035318190483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172617837140132373, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

LSBC-CTS/PEI和LSBC吸附U(Ⅵ)的等温吸附拟合参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
吸附剂 Langmuir等温吸附模型 Freundlich等温吸附模型
qm/(mg·g-1) kL/(L·g-1) R2 kF/(mg1-1/n·L1/n·g-1) n R2
LSBC 329.53 0.017 7 0.978 9 17.842 4 0.524 6 0.921 0
LSBC-CTS/PEI 533.89 0.028 5 0.944 8 41.505 6 0.488 8 0.864 6
), ArticleFig(id=1176950035402076564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172617837140132373, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
吸附剂 ΔS/(J·mol-1·K-1) ΔH/(kJ·mol-1·K-1) ΔG/(kJ·mol-1)
283 K 298 K 313 K 328 K
LSBC 96.44 8.69 -18.61 -20.05 -21.49 -22.94
LSBC-CTS/PEI 120.61 13.87 -20.26 -22.07 -23.88 -25.89
), ArticleFig(id=1176950035490156949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172617837140132373, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

LSBC-CTS/PEI和LSBC吸附U(Ⅵ)的热力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
吸附剂 ΔS/(J·mol-1·K-1) ΔH/(kJ·mol-1·K-1) ΔG/(kJ·mol-1)
283 K 298 K 313 K 328 K
LSBC 96.44 8.69 -18.61 -20.05 -21.49 -22.94
LSBC-CTS/PEI 120.61 13.87 -20.26 -22.07 -23.88 -25.89
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聚乙烯亚胺功能化的生物炭气凝胶对铀的吸附性能研究
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冯子豪 , 吕建奇 , 汪洋 , 任奇 , 王云
湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2024,43(5): 543-550
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湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2024, 43(5): 543-550
聚乙烯亚胺功能化的生物炭气凝胶对铀的吸附性能研究
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冯子豪, 吕建奇, 汪洋, 任奇, 王云
作者信息
  • 东华理工大学 核科学与工程学院, 江西 南昌 330013
  • 冯子豪(2001—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为放射性废水处理。

通讯作者:

王云(1983—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为放射废水处理与环境修复。E-mail:
Adsorption Properties of Polyethylene Imine-functionalized Biochar Aerogel for Uranium
Zihao FENG, Jianqi LYU, Yang WANG, Qi REN, Yun WANG
Affiliations
  • School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
出版时间: 2024-10-20 doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.05.010
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研究了以莲蓬粉末、壳聚糖与聚乙烯亚胺为原料,合成一种聚乙烯亚胺功能化的莲蓬生物炭气凝胶(LSBC-CTS/PEI)并用于吸附废水中的U(Ⅵ)。结果表明:LSBC-CTS/PEI呈现松散的交联网状结构,且含有非常丰富的胺基官能团,可为U(Ⅵ)的配合提供更多吸附位点;LSBC-CTS/PEI对U(Ⅵ)的选择性吸附受pH影响较大,吸附主要以单层化学吸附为主,属于自发的吸热过程,更适合用准二级动力学和Langmuir等温吸附模型描述;LSBC-CTS/PEI对铀的选择性达84.91%,最大吸附量为533.89 mg/g。该吸附材料对铀的吸附量较高、选择性较好,且固液分离方便,具有一定推广应用价值。
铀(Ⅵ)  /  吸附  /  壳聚糖  /  聚乙烯亚胺  /  功能化  /  生物炭  /  气凝胶

The synthesis of a polyethylene imine-functionalized biochar aerogels (LSBC-CTS/PEI) using lotus seed powder, chitosan and polyethylene imine as materials, and used for adsorption of U(Ⅵ) in wastewater was studied. The results show that LSBC-CTS/PEI exhibit a looser structure with interconnections, and contains very rich amine-based functional groups, which can provide more adsorption sites for U(Ⅵ) coordination. The selective adsorption of U(Ⅵ) by LSBC-CTS/PEI is greatly affected by pH. The adsorption is mainly composed of single-layer chemisorption, which belongs to a spontaneous endothermic process, and is more suitable for description by quasi-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isothermal adsorption model. The selectivity of LSBC-CTS/PEI to uranium is 84.91%, and the maximum adsorption capacity is 533.89 mg/g. The adsorption material has high adsorption capacity of uranium, good selectivity, and convenient separation of solid and liquid, so it has the certain value of application.

uranium(Ⅵ)  /  adsorption  /  chitosan  /  polyethylene imine  /  functionalization  /  biochar  /  aerogel
冯子豪, 吕建奇, 汪洋, 任奇, 王云. 聚乙烯亚胺功能化的生物炭气凝胶对铀的吸附性能研究. 湿法冶金, 2024 , 43 (5) : 543 -550 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.05.010
Zihao FENG, Jianqi LYU, Yang WANG, Qi REN, Yun WANG. Adsorption Properties of Polyethylene Imine-functionalized Biochar Aerogel for Uranium[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2024 , 43 (5) : 543 -550 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.05.010
随着核工业的发展和核技术在进步,核能以其清洁、高效的特性,在能源结构优化方面发挥着重要作用[1]。但在核能的开发过程中会产生大量放射性废水,其中含有的U(Ⅵ)具有放射性、生物毒性和较长的半衰期[2],如不能达标排放会对环境和人体健康造成危害。因此,从放射性废水中经济高效地去除铀尤为重要。
目前,从放射性废水中去除铀的方法已有很多,包括离子交换法、电化学法、光催化法和吸附法等[1,3-6]。其中,吸附法以成本低廉、操作简单、实用性强及环保特性显著等优势,被视为极具潜力的铀分离富集技术。该法的关键在于性能优良吸附剂的研发与制备。在众多吸附剂中,生物质材料由于具有来源丰富、价格低廉、孔结构复杂、表面官能团丰富、易解吸、可重复使用等特点,在高效吸附铀方面具有一定潜力[7-9]。传统生物炭大多以粉末状形态存在,虽能简化制备过程,但在实际应用时会导致固液分离困难、难以回收,进而可能引发二次污染。因此,研发制备一种在水溶液中固液分离容易、对铀吸附量更高、选择性更好的吸附材料十分必要。
气凝胶是一种具有丰富的多孔结构、稳定的形状特征和易于固液分离特点的材料[10-12],其制备一般包括前驱体的凝胶化、干燥、碳化和后处理4个过程[11]。目前,在气凝胶的众多应用中,铀吸附逐渐成为了研究热点之一[13-14]。特别是生物炭气凝胶作为一种新兴的吸附剂材料,不仅具有气凝胶的基本优势,还能用一些来源广泛、价格便宜的生物质,如冬瓜[15]、西瓜[16]、菠萝[17]、木耳[18]和柚子皮[19]等作为碳源[20],同时,这些生物质具备的多孔和凝胶状结构为气凝胶的制备提供了良好的前提条件。近年来,关于生物质气凝胶在吸附铀方面的研究已取得了一些进展,如用冬瓜制备的磁性生物质凝胶吸附铀,吸附量可达230.3 mg/g,该吸附剂兼具磁性,便于吸附后的分离回收[15];用魔芋制备的生物质凝胶吸附铀,吸附量可达720.8 mg/g,且在60 min内铀去除率即可达90.1%[21],吸附性能良好。尽管生物质气凝胶吸附铀已取得了一些成果,但研发更高效的吸附剂,提高对铀的吸附量和选择性仍十分重要。
试验研究了用溶胶-凝胶法将壳聚糖(CTS)与聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)交联,并将莲蓬生物炭均匀地分散到CTS与PEI的交联网中,制备一种具有丰富吸附位点的聚乙烯亚胺功能化的莲蓬生物炭气凝胶(LSBC-CTS/PEI),并用于吸附铀。通过一系列表征技术分析了LSBC-CTS/PEI的微观形貌和物理化学性质。考察了溶液pH、吸附剂用量、吸附温度及时间、铀初始质量浓度、竞争离子对LSBC-CTS/PEI吸附U(Ⅵ)性能的影响,并进一步探讨了吸附动力学、等温线模型及其热力学,以期为处理含铀废水提供一种经济、高效的途径。
莲蓬粉末(LS):取自于山东省潍坊市,晾干,去除莲蓬子,剪成小块,洗涤干燥后研磨成100目粉末。
铀溶液:精确称取2.109 2 g硝酸铀酰[UO2(NO3)2·6H2O],加入少量去离子水溶解,然后加入10 mL硝酸,将溶液移入1 000 mL容量瓶中,用去离子水稀释至刻度线,摇匀,得到1 g/L的标准铀溶液。后续吸附试验根据所需铀溶液质量浓度取相应标准铀溶液进行稀释,以铀质量浓度为100 mg/L、溶液体积为25 mL为试验标准。
试剂:硝酸盐、硝酸、过氧化氢(30%)等试剂,均为化学纯;壳聚糖、聚乙烯亚胺、环氧氯丙烷、冰乙酸、偶氮胂Ⅲ、氯乙酸、乙酸钠等试剂,均为分析纯。
设备:循环水式真空泵,SHZ-D(Ⅲ)型,上海力辰仪器科技有限公司;恒温磁力搅拌水浴锅,DF-101S型,上海力辰仪器科技有限公司;pH计,PHS-2F型,上海雷磁仪器厂;恒温冷冻水浴振荡器,SHA-EA型,常州金坛精达仪器制造有限公司;冷冻干燥机,FD-1A-50型,江苏天翎仪器有限公司;超声波清洗机,SN-QX-100D型,上海尚仪仪器设备有限公司;电子天平,BAS224S型,德国Sartorius;扫描电子显微镜(SEM),Sigma 300型,德国ZEISS;傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR),Nicolet iS5型,麦可莫瑞提克(上海)仪器有限公司;氮气吸附脱附仪(BET),ASAP2460型,麦可莫瑞提克(上海)仪器有限公司;热重分析仪(TGA),STA 449 F5型,德国Netzsch;电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES),Optima 8000型,珀金埃尔默股份有限公司。
称取1 g莲蓬粉末于烧杯中,分别加入2.5 mL冰乙酸,2.5 mL过氧化氢(30%)和60 mL去离子水,混合并超声30 min。将混合物倒入100 mL水热反应釜中,在200 ℃条件下反应12 h。反应结束后,过滤,用去离子水和乙醇清洗至pH中性,在60 ℃下烘干一定时间,得水热莲蓬生物炭(LSBC)。
称取0.5 g壳聚糖于烧杯中,加入50 mL 0.01 mol/L的HCl,充分搅拌,得溶液A。称取1.25 g聚乙烯亚胺于烧杯中,加入25 mL去离子水和25 mL无水乙醇,充分搅拌溶解,得溶液B。另取一个烧杯,倒入50 mL溶液A和50 mL溶液B,再加入1 mL环氧氯丙烷作为交联剂,得溶液C。取100 mg LSBC与溶液C混合搅拌,在70 ℃下反应120 min后取出,陈化3 d,然后进行6次溶剂置换,最后经冷冻干燥,得聚乙烯亚胺功能化的莲蓬生物炭气凝胶(LSBC-CTS/PEI)。
采用批量吸附法研究各吸附材料对U(Ⅵ)的吸附性能。分别对pH、吸附时间、铀初始浓度、吸附温度和竞争离子等因素进行考察,优化吸附条件。将10 mg LSBC或LSBC-CTS/PEI置于锥形瓶中,加入25 mL不同pH(1~8)和不同铀初始质量浓度(10~300 mg/L)的铀溶液或含其他11种竞争离子的混合铀溶液,在一定温度(10~55 ℃)下振荡一定时间(5~1 440 min),取上清液,用ICP-OES测定上清液中剩余铀和其他竞争离子质量浓度。分别按式(1)~(4)计算吸附量、去除率、分配系数和选择性:
qe=$\frac{({\rho }_{0}-{\rho }_{e})V}{m}$;
p=$\frac{{\rho }_{0}-{\rho }_{e}}{{\rho }_{0}}$×100%;
kd=$\frac{({\rho }_{0}-{\rho }_{e})V}{m{\rho }_{e}}$;
S=$\frac{{q}_{i}}{{q}_{\mathrm{总}}}$×100%。
式中:qe—吸附量,mg/g;p—去除率,%;kd—分配系数;ρ0—铀初始质量浓度,mg/L;ρe—吸附平衡时铀质量浓度,mg/L;V—铀溶液体积,mL;m—吸附剂用量,mg;S—选择性,%;qi—某一元素的吸附量,mg/g;q—所有元素的总吸附量,mg/g。
图1为LSBC、LSBC-CTS/PEI及LSBC-CTS/PEI-U的SEM、EDS表征结果。对比图1(a)~(c)看出:LSBC表面粗糙且多孔,有裂痕与褶皱,呈现薄的片状结构,这是因为在水热碳化过程中,莲蓬中的纤维素被水解成低聚糖,从而剥离成薄的纳米片状结构;而LSBC-CTS/PEI材料表面呈光滑的层状结构,这是CTS的经典结构,且由于CTS与PEI的交联,形成了更松散的交联网状结构,并有生物炭颗粒附着在其中。由图1(d)看出:吸附铀后的LSBC-CTS/PEI-U中出现均匀分布的N、O、U元素,说明材料表面富含N、O官能团,能提供大量的铀酰离子吸附位点,将铀均匀地吸附到材料表面。
图2为LSBC-CTS/PEI和LSBC的N2吸附—脱附等温线。可以看出:两者均为Ⅳ型滞后回路,这是由于多孔吸附剂的毛细凝结现象和碳质吸附剂中焦油的存在造成脱气不完全所致。
LSBC、LSBC-CTS/PEI孔隙结构参数见表1。可以看出:二者的平均孔径分别为12.52和12.34 nm,均属于介孔材料;LSBC比表面积为65.21 m2/g,而LSBC-CTS/PEI比表面积降至4.21 m2/g,这种差异可能是由于LSBC-CTS/PEI在制备过程中,CTS与PEI交联反应导致壳聚糖分子的堆叠和孔道的部分堵塞导致比表面积较小。比表面积变小可能会影响吸附速率,但CTS与PEI交联使材料表面出现胺基等官能团,可使材料的吸附量与选择性进一步提升。
LSBC-CTS/PEI吸附铀前、后的FT-IR光谱如图3所示。由LSBC-CTS/PEI的红外光谱看出:在3 431 cm-1处出现宽吸收峰,这是由羟基的伸缩振动引起;在2 926和2 871 cm-1处出现的峰分别对应—CH2和—CH3中的C—H伸缩振动峰;在1 641 cm-1处出现的峰是由C══C伸缩振动引起,证明LSBC-CTS/PEI结构中存在生物炭;1 326 cm-1处出现的峰是由环氧氯丙烷与CTS和PEI上的胺反应形成的C—N键伸缩振动引起;1 426和1 382 cm-1处新出现的峰是属于PEI典型的代表峰,分别对应—RNH2的N—H和—R2NH的N—H弯曲振动,证明PEI与CTS成功交联;1 076 cm-1处的峰是由C—O键伸缩振动引起。这表明LSBC生物炭成功附着在CTS与PEI所形成的交联网状结构中。由吸附铀后的LSBC-CTS/PEI-U的红外光谱看出,在905 cm-1处出现了铀酰峰,表明铀被成功吸附到LSBC-CTS/PEI上。
LSBC-CTS/PEI的热重曲线如图4所示。可以看出,LSBC-CTS/PEI的热解过程分为3个阶段:第1个阶段在0~100 ℃之间,质量损失约为11%,这主要是物理吸附水分蒸发导致;第二个阶段在200~500 ℃之间,质量损失约为55%,这主要是壳聚糖和聚乙烯亚胺分子链表面官能团分解所致,证明材料表面具有大量官能团;第3阶段在500~800 ℃,质量损失约为7%,这主要是材料中生物炭残留的化合物和无机盐分解所致。LSBC-CTS/PEI材料整个热分解过程的总质量损失约为73%,而LSBC的总质量损失为58.4%,说明LSBC-CTS/PEI的热稳定性明显下降,这是生物炭与壳聚糖、聚乙烯亚胺交联后官能团增多导致。
在吸附剂用量 10 mg、铀溶液体积25 mL、铀初始质量浓度100 mg/L、吸附时间12 h、吸附温度298 K条件下,考察溶液pH对LSBC-CTS/PEI和LSBC吸附铀U(Ⅵ)影响,试验结果如图5所示。
图5看出:pH较低时,LSBC-CTS/PEI对铀酰离子的吸附量较小,这是因为溶液中有较多H+,这些H+会与铀酰离子竞争吸附位点,降低U(Ⅵ)吸附量;随pH升高,溶液中与铀酰离子竞争的H+浓度逐渐降低,会使U(Ⅵ)更易被材料表面的吸附位点吸附,从而提高吸附量,同时,材料表面更多官能团逐渐去质子化,暴露出更多的活性位点,更有利于铀酰离子的吸附;溶液pH过高时,溶液中会形成$\left(\mathrm{UO}_{2}\right)_{3}(\mathrm{OH})_{7}^{-}$和$\mathrm{UO}_{2}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}^{-}$等不利于U(Ⅵ)与材料表面官能团配合成铀酰的氢氧化物,也会导致铀吸附量下降。所以,选择溶液pH=5.0进行后续试验。
在吸附剂用量10 mg、铀溶液体积25 mL、铀初始质量浓度100 mg/L、溶液pH=5.0、吸附温度298 K条件下,考察吸附时间对LSBC-CTS/PEI和LSBC吸附U(Ⅵ)的影响,试验结果如图6(a)所示。可以看出:随吸附时间延长,LSBC-CTS/PEI对铀的吸附量快速增大;LSBC-CTS/PEI吸附720 min达吸附平衡,而LSBC吸附60 min即可达吸附平衡,LSBC-CTS/PEI达吸附平衡所需时间更长,是由于壳聚糖与聚乙烯亚胺的交联使生物炭表面有壳聚糖堆积,阻塞了铀酰离子在吸附剂内部的扩散,在内部吸附时消耗很多时间。
为了更好地研究LSBC-CTS/PEI对U(Ⅵ)的吸附动力学,用准一级和准二级动力学模型对试验数据进而拟合[22],拟合曲线如图6(b)所示,拟合参数见表2。可以看出,LSBC-CTS/PEI的准二级动力学拟合相关系数高于准一级,说明准二级动力学能更好地描述LSBC-CTS/PEI对铀的吸附过程,即化学吸附在过程中占主导作用。
在吸附剂用量 10 mg、铀溶液体积25 mL、溶液pH=5.0、吸附时间12 h、吸附温度298 K条件下,考察铀初始质量浓度对LSBC-CTS/PEI和LSBC吸附U(Ⅵ)的影响,试验结果如图7(a)所示。可以看出:随溶液中U(Ⅵ)质量浓度不断增大,LSBC-CTS/PEI对U(Ⅵ)的吸附量逐渐升高,最大吸附量为391.01 mg/g,明显高于LSBC对U(Ⅵ)的吸附量,这也说明壳聚糖与聚乙烯亚胺交联可提高材料吸附性能。
为进一步考察铀初始质量浓度对LSBC-CTS/PEI吸附效果的影响,确定LSBC-CTS/PEI对U(Ⅵ)的理论最大吸附量,用Freundlich和Langmuir等温吸附模型对试验数据进行拟合[23],拟合曲线如图7(b)所示,拟合参数见表3。可以看出:Langmuir等温吸附模型的拟合相关系数更接近1,明显高于Freundlich等温吸附模型,说明Langmuir等温吸附模型能更准确地描述LSBC-CTS/PEI对U(Ⅵ)的吸附过程,即属于单层吸附,且吸附位点均匀;LSBC-CTS/PEI的理论最大吸附量为533.89 mg/g,说明LSBC-CTS/PEI是一种非常有潜力的U(Ⅵ)吸附剂。
吸附剂用量 10 mg、铀溶液体积25 mL、铀初始质量浓度100 mg/L、溶液pH=5.0、吸附时间12 h条件下,考察吸附温度对LSBC-CTS/PEI和LSBC吸附U(Ⅵ)的影响,试验结果如图8(a)所示。可以看出:2种材料对U(Ⅵ)的吸附量随温度升高的变化趋势相似,LSBC-CTS/PEI对U(Ⅵ)的吸附量随温度升高从185.23 mg/g增至222.1 mg/g,说明升温对吸附有促进作用。ln kd与1/T的线性关系如图8(b)所示,热力学参数计算[23]结果见表4。可以看出:熵变ΔS>0,说明LSBC-CTS/PEI表面混乱度增加;焓变ΔH>0,说明LSBC-CTS/PEI吸附U(Ⅵ)的过程吸热;不同温度下的吉布斯自由能变ΔG<0,说明反应是自发的,且温度升高对反应发生有利。
由式(1)~(4)计算得出,LSBC对U(Ⅵ)的选择性为44.17%,而LSBC-CTS/PEI选择性提高到84.91%,表明经过CTS/PEI交联后,大大提高了LSBC对U(Ⅵ)的选择性。为探究LSBC-CTS/PEI对U(Ⅵ)的选择性能,在吸附剂用量10 mg、竞争离子溶液体积25 mL、各种离子初始质量浓度100 mg/L、溶液pH=5.0、吸附温度298 K、吸附时间12 h条件下,考察竞争离子对吸附影响,试验结果如图9所示。由图9(a)看出:LSBC-CTS/PEI对铀的吸附分配系数kd达34 264.7 mL/g,明显大于LSBC。由图9(b)也可看出,LSBC-CTS/PEI对U(Ⅵ)的选择性比LSBC更好。
采用简单、绿色的溶胶-凝胶法将壳聚糖与聚乙烯亚胺交联,并将水热法制备得到的莲蓬生物炭均匀地分散到CTS与PEI的交联网中,可成功制备一种具有丰富吸附位点的聚乙烯亚胺功能化的莲蓬生物炭气凝胶LSBC-CTS/PEI。该法能弥补类似方法过程复杂、有机试剂用量大等缺点,且有利于后续固液分离和回收,大大提高吸附剂的实用性和经济性。
LSBC-CTS/PEI呈更松散的交联网状结构,虽然由于壳聚糖在表面的堆叠导致比表面积和热稳定性有所下降,但具有非常丰富的胺基官能团,能为U(Ⅵ)的配合提供更多吸附位点。溶液pH对LSBC-CTS/PEI吸附U(Ⅵ)的影响较大,该吸附过程更符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型,属于单层的化学吸附,吸热过程可自发进行。最大吸附量为533.89 mg/g,且LSBC-CTS/PEI对铀的选择性较高。
LSBC-CTS/PEI对U(Ⅵ)的吸附量较高,选择性和固液分离能力均较好,在含铀废水处理领域具有一定应用潜力,但吸附速率有所降低,其性能仍需进一步提升。
  • 国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(22366003)
  • 江西省自然科学基金面上项目(20224BAB203005)
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2024年第43卷第5期
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doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.05.010
  • 接收时间:2024-06-17
  • 首发时间:2025-09-10
  • 出版时间:2024-10-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-17
基金
国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(22366003)
江西省自然科学基金面上项目(20224BAB203005)
作者信息
    东华理工大学 核科学与工程学院, 江西 南昌 330013

通讯作者:

王云(1983—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为放射废水处理与环境修复。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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