Article(id=1172169460472468067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172169457649697117, articleNumber=1009-2617(2025)04-0482-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.04.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748793600000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1757396577232, onlineDateStr=2025-09-09, pubDate=1755619200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1757396577232, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1757396577232, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757396577232, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1172169457649697117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2025', volume='44', issue='4', pageStart='433', pageEnd='581', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1757396576558, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757401820494, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172191452378547078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172169457649697117, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172191452378547079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172169457649697117, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=482, endPage=488, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1172169460749292133, articleId=1172169460472468067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Optimization of Leaching Process for Complex Component Sandstone Uranium Ore, columnId=1152626641181700664, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Experiment Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Complex component sandstone-uranium deposits are mainly composed of conglomerate,sandstone and Slate.The uranium minerals are mainly uranite and titanium-uranium ores,including a small amount of pitchblende.The process mineralogy of complex component sandstone uranium ore was studied,and the leaching process was optimized.The results show that most of the uranium in the ore exists in the tetravalent form,and it contains a relatively large amount of calcium,magnesium,aluminium,iron and carbonate.The test results of acid leaching,enhanced leaching and column leaching show that the acid leaching process has a better effect. When 40~50 g/L H2SO4 is used as the leaching agent,the slag leaching rate of the acid column leaching is all greater than 90%. Comprehensively considered,it is recommended that the heap leaching process of -10 mm particle size ore be adopted in industrial production,and the mass concentration of the leaching agent H2SO4 is preferably 40 g/L.

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复杂组分砂岩铀矿主要由砾岩、砂岩和泥板岩构成,铀矿物主要为铀石和钛铀矿,包含少量沥青铀矿。研究了复杂组分砂岩铀矿的工艺矿物学,并对浸出工艺进行了优化。结果表明:矿石中大部分铀以四价形式存在,且含有较多的钙、镁、铝、铁和碳酸盐。酸法浸出、强化浸出和柱浸试验结果表明:酸法浸出工艺效果更好,用40~50 g/L H2SO4作为浸出剂时,酸法柱浸的渣计浸出率均大于90%。综合考虑,建议工业生产采用-10 mm粒度矿石堆浸工艺,浸出剂H2SO4质量浓度优选为40 g/L。

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杨润生(1981—),男,本科,高级工程师,主要研究方向为铀矿采冶、湿法冶金。

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杨润生(1981—),男,本科,高级工程师,主要研究方向为铀矿采冶、湿法冶金。

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杨润生(1981—),男,本科,高级工程师,主要研究方向为铀矿采冶、湿法冶金。

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XPS研究金属铀氧化反应动力学[J]. 真空科学与技术学报, 2019, 39(12):1154-1156., articleTitle=XPS研究金属铀氧化反应动力学, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172189975123710945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=12, pageStart=1154, pageEnd=1156, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=14, authorNames=SUN Chaolun, WANG Xiaofang, PAN Qifa, journalName=Chinese Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN Chaolun, WANG Xiaofang, PAN Qifa, et al. Uranium oxidation kinetics:an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study[J]. Chinese Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, 2019, 39(12):1154-1156., articleTitle=Uranium oxidation kinetics:an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172189975190819810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=23, issue=3, pageStart=134, pageEnd=137, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=15, authorNames=李建华, 向秋林, 毛拥军, journalName=铀矿冶, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李建华, 向秋林, 毛拥军. 破碎花岗岩型铀矿石的酸法制粒堆浸[J]. 铀矿冶, 2004, 23(3):134-137., articleTitle=破碎花岗岩型铀矿石的酸法制粒堆浸, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172189975245345763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=23, issue=3, pageStart=134, pageEnd=137, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=16, authorNames=LI Jianhua, XIANG Qiulin, MAO Yongjun, journalName=Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Jianhua, XIANG Qiulin, MAO Yongjun. Acidic heap leaching of cracked granite type uranium ore by agglomeration[J]. Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, 2004, 23(3):134-137., articleTitle=Acidic heap leaching of cracked granite type uranium ore by agglomeration, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1172189968773534620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172189968777728925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, companyId=1172189968773534620, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=China Nuclear Mining Science and Technology Corporation,Beijing 101149,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172189968786117534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, companyId=1172189968773534620, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中核矿业科技集团有限公司,北京 101149)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1172189970900046773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Polarized light microscopic image of gravel quartz sandstone, figureFileSmall=I5pELkqOR0STGRLgvIh/Tg==, figureFileBig=SRthrhFtaojmHg4M0dJL1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172189970983932854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=CN, label=图1, caption=含砾石英砂岩正交偏光显微图像, figureFileSmall=I5pELkqOR0STGRLgvIh/Tg==, figureFileBig=SRthrhFtaojmHg4M0dJL1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172189971067818935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Petrographic characteristics of ore debris, figureFileSmall=QjtoUrY37oa2GntTc9SE3Q==, figureFileBig=sRq0qdiJFOqhMoDx5nW/yQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172189971160093624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=CN, label=图2, caption=矿石碎屑岩相学特征, figureFileSmall=QjtoUrY37oa2GntTc9SE3Q==, figureFileBig=sRq0qdiJFOqhMoDx5nW/yQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172189971231396793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Petrographic characteristics of White mica in ore samples, figureFileSmall=dY8rBaEHm0v9rDB1C59yVQ==, figureFileBig=bunD07ItVh17yLpbh4Q7CQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172189971311088570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=CN, label=图3, caption=矿石中白云母岩相学特征, figureFileSmall=dY8rBaEHm0v9rDB1C59yVQ==, figureFileBig=bunD07ItVh17yLpbh4Q7CQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172189971365614523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Occurrence characteristics of uranite minerals, figureFileSmall=OJ/bjGW5qiCdm8qFhXU5qw==, figureFileBig=3SO6ViRMuo904veQ8CDqcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172189971432723388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=CN, label=图4, caption=铀石矿物的赋存特征

Py—黄铁矿;Usi—铀石;Q—石英。

, figureFileSmall=OJ/bjGW5qiCdm8qFhXU5qw==, figureFileBig=3SO6ViRMuo904veQ8CDqcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172189971520803773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Occurrence characteristics of ilmenite, figureFileSmall=35YWlX7SgQ0a2mwiyGU0jw==, figureFileBig=uN4mgodSIJLsSdyM2EGG4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172189971583718334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=CN, label=图5, caption=钛铀矿的赋存特征

Py—黄铁矿;Usi—铀石;Q—石英;Uti—铀石。

, figureFileSmall=35YWlX7SgQ0a2mwiyGU0jw==, figureFileBig=uN4mgodSIJLsSdyM2EGG4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172189971696964543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Characteristics of occurrence of pitchblende, figureFileSmall=1TG7nBIxjHo3kPHTSxQptQ==, figureFileBig=7cpZhhXidx3bsJHv1SisYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172189971797627840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=CN, label=图6, caption=沥青铀矿的赋存特征, figureFileSmall=1TG7nBIxjHo3kPHTSxQptQ==, figureFileBig=7cpZhhXidx3bsJHv1SisYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172189971864736705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Chemical analysis results of mixed mineral samples %

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
U U6+ SiO2 CaO MgO Al2O3
0.182 0.073 66.79 4.64 4.03 7.25
Fe2O3 CO2 C S 烧失量
2.50 2.98 3.63 0.71 9.40
), ArticleFig(id=1172189971944428482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

混合矿样的化学分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
U U6+ SiO2 CaO MgO Al2O3
0.182 0.073 66.79 4.64 4.03 7.25
Fe2O3 CO2 C S 烧失量
2.50 2.98 3.63 0.71 9.40
), ArticleFig(id=1172189972003148739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of stirring leaching tests with different sulfuric acid mass concentrations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ(H2SO4)/(g·L-1) pH Eh/mV ρ(U)/(g·L-1) ρ(余酸)/(g·L-1) 渣品位/% 渣计浸出率/% 酸耗/(kg·t-1)
30 5.20 98 0.023 0.14 25.28 143.45
40 <1.0 366 0.271 5.62 0.07 62.99 165.28
50 <1.0 375 0.346 15.50 0.04 78.80 167.87
60 <1.0 380 0.354 23.70 0.03 82.48 178.91
), ArticleFig(id=1172189972082840516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同硫酸质量浓度下的搅拌浸出试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ(H2SO4)/(g·L-1) pH Eh/mV ρ(U)/(g·L-1) ρ(余酸)/(g·L-1) 渣品位/% 渣计浸出率/% 酸耗/(kg·t-1)
30 5.20 98 0.023 0.14 25.28 143.45
40 <1.0 366 0.271 5.62 0.07 62.99 165.28
50 <1.0 375 0.346 15.50 0.04 78.80 167.87
60 <1.0 380 0.354 23.70 0.03 82.48 178.91
), ArticleFig(id=1172189972149949381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of stirring leaching tests with different hydrochloric acid mass concentrations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ(HCl)/(g·L-1) pH Eh/mV ρ(U)/(g·L-1) ρ(余酸)/(g·L-1) 渣品位/% 渣计浸出率/% 酸耗/(kg·t-1)
30 <1.0 379 0.181 2.66 0.108 51.55 120.05
40 <1.0 371 0.284 11.94 0.052 76.77 121.99
50 <1.0 372 0.305 20.22 0.048 78.57 125.25
60 <1.0 358 0.334 19.34 0.036 83.94 176.23
), ArticleFig(id=1172189972229641158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同盐酸质量浓度下的搅拌浸出试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ(HCl)/(g·L-1) pH Eh/mV ρ(U)/(g·L-1) ρ(余酸)/(g·L-1) 渣品位/% 渣计浸出率/% 酸耗/(kg·t-1)
30 <1.0 379 0.181 2.66 0.108 51.55 120.05
40 <1.0 371 0.284 11.94 0.052 76.77 121.99
50 <1.0 372 0.305 20.22 0.048 78.57 125.25
60 <1.0 358 0.334 19.34 0.036 83.94 176.23
), ArticleFig(id=1172189972342887367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Results of stirring leaching tests with different H2O2 addition amounts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
H2O2加入量/(g·L-1) pH Eh/mV ρ(U)/(g·L-1) ρ(余酸)/(g·L-1) 渣品位/% 渣计浸出率/% 酸耗/(kg·t-1)
0.0 <1.0 375 0.284 15.50 0.040 78.57 167.87
0.4 <1.0 359 0.300 14.65 0.033 83.04 171.33
0.8 <1.0 367 0.307 14.74 0.034 82.54 171.57
1.0 <1.0 377 0.310 14.75 0.032 83.52 171.45
1.5 <1.0 483 0.313 14.75 0.028 85.47 171.67
2.0 <1.0 488 0.312 14.75 0.029 85.47 171.61
), ArticleFig(id=1172189972464522184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同H2O2加入量下的搅拌浸出试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
H2O2加入量/(g·L-1) pH Eh/mV ρ(U)/(g·L-1) ρ(余酸)/(g·L-1) 渣品位/% 渣计浸出率/% 酸耗/(kg·t-1)
0.0 <1.0 375 0.284 15.50 0.040 78.57 167.87
0.4 <1.0 359 0.300 14.65 0.033 83.04 171.33
0.8 <1.0 367 0.307 14.74 0.034 82.54 171.57
1.0 <1.0 377 0.310 14.75 0.032 83.52 171.45
1.5 <1.0 483 0.313 14.75 0.028 85.47 171.67
2.0 <1.0 488 0.312 14.75 0.029 85.47 171.61
), ArticleFig(id=1172189972619711433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of stirring leaching tests with different MnO2 addition amounts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MnO2加入量/(g·L-1) pH Eh/mV ρ(U)/(g·L-1) ρ(余酸)/(g·L-1) 渣品位/% 渣计浸出率/% 酸耗/(kg·t-1)
0.0 <1.0 375 0.284 15.50 0.040 78.57 167.87
0.4 <1.0 428 0.333 12.10 0.040 79.37 183.03
0.8 <1.0 465 0.333 12.10 0.040 79.45 182.65
1.0 <1.0 482 0.328 11.56 0.037 80.82 187.19
1.5 <1.0 497 0.323 12.10 0.038 80.04 184.22
2.0 <1.0 510 0.323 10.68 0.032 83.22 190.78
), ArticleFig(id=1172189972766512074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同MnO2加入量下的搅拌浸出试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MnO2加入量/(g·L-1) pH Eh/mV ρ(U)/(g·L-1) ρ(余酸)/(g·L-1) 渣品位/% 渣计浸出率/% 酸耗/(kg·t-1)
0.0 <1.0 375 0.284 15.50 0.040 78.57 167.87
0.4 <1.0 428 0.333 12.10 0.040 79.37 183.03
0.8 <1.0 465 0.333 12.10 0.040 79.45 182.65
1.0 <1.0 482 0.328 11.56 0.037 80.82 187.19
1.5 <1.0 497 0.323 12.10 0.038 80.04 184.22
2.0 <1.0 510 0.323 10.68 0.032 83.22 190.78
), ArticleFig(id=1172189972921701323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Influence of leaching temperature on leaching effect

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浸出温度/℃ 浸出液 洗水 渣品位/% 渣计浸出率/% 酸耗/(kg·t-1)
V/mL Eh/mV ρ(U)/(g·L-1) V/mL ρ(U)/(g·L-1)
40 88 411 0.983 193 0.218 0.037 80.7 195.39
50 90 407 1.16 197 0.215 0.032 83.4 198.89
60 87 420 1.27 195 0.280 0.020 89.8 212.32
), ArticleFig(id=1172189973034947532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

浸出温度对浸出效果的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浸出温度/℃ 浸出液 洗水 渣品位/% 渣计浸出率/% 酸耗/(kg·t-1)
V/mL Eh/mV ρ(U)/(g·L-1) V/mL ρ(U)/(g·L-1)
40 88 411 0.983 193 0.218 0.037 80.7 195.39
50 90 407 1.16 197 0.215 0.032 83.4 198.89
60 87 420 1.27 195 0.280 0.020 89.8 212.32
), ArticleFig(id=1172189973143999437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Results of acid mixing maturation and leaching tests

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验序号 浸出液 洗水 渣品位/% 渣计浸出率/%
V/mL Eh/mV ρ(U)/(g·L-1) V/mL ρ(U)/(g·L-1)
1 90 355 1.07 190 0.325 0.025 87.10
2 90 426 1.09 190 0.355 0.018 90.96
3 87 472 1.17 192 0.375 0.011 94.24
), ArticleFig(id=1172189973269828558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

拌酸熟化浸出试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验序号 浸出液 洗水 渣品位/% 渣计浸出率/%
V/mL Eh/mV ρ(U)/(g·L-1) V/mL ρ(U)/(g·L-1)
1 90 355 1.07 190 0.325 0.025 87.10
2 90 426 1.09 190 0.355 0.018 90.96
3 87 472 1.17 192 0.375 0.011 94.24
), ArticleFig(id=1172189973404046287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Column immersion test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 1# 2# 3# 4# 5# 6#
矿石品位/% 0.170 0.170 0.170 0.170 0.170 0.170
液固体积质量比/(L·kg-1) 7.98 9.50 12.6 9.16 9.48 8.18
液计浸出率/% 93.5 83.5 40.4 93.1 91.8 93.0
渣品位/% 0.009 0.036 0.110 0.012 0.015 0.011
渣计浸出率/% 92.3 81.1 39.2 91.6 91.1 91.2
酸耗/(kg·t-1) 162.8 148.2 112.2 170.3 158.8 156.6
), ArticleFig(id=1172189973513098192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

柱浸试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 1# 2# 3# 4# 5# 6#
矿石品位/% 0.170 0.170 0.170 0.170 0.170 0.170
液固体积质量比/(L·kg-1) 7.98 9.50 12.6 9.16 9.48 8.18
液计浸出率/% 93.5 83.5 40.4 93.1 91.8 93.0
渣品位/% 0.009 0.036 0.110 0.012 0.015 0.011
渣计浸出率/% 92.3 81.1 39.2 91.6 91.1 91.2
酸耗/(kg·t-1) 162.8 148.2 112.2 170.3 158.8 156.6
), ArticleFig(id=1172189973706036177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Main chemical composition of raw ore sample and leaching slag sample %

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 U CaO MgO Al2O3 Fe2O3 CO2 烧失量
原矿 0.182 4.64 4.03 7.25 2.50 2.98 9.40
6#柱渣样 0.011 2.63 2.08 6.32 1.33 0.00 5.22
), ArticleFig(id=1172189973907362770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172169460472468067, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

原矿样与浸出渣样的主要化学成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 U CaO MgO Al2O3 Fe2O3 CO2 烧失量
原矿 0.182 4.64 4.03 7.25 2.50 2.98 9.40
6#柱渣样 0.011 2.63 2.08 6.32 1.33 0.00 5.22
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复杂组分砂岩铀矿的浸出工艺优化研究
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杨润生 , 原渊
湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025,44(4): 482-488
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湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025, 44(4): 482-488
复杂组分砂岩铀矿的浸出工艺优化研究
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杨润生, 原渊
作者信息
  • 中核矿业科技集团有限公司,北京 101149
  • 杨润生(1981—),男,本科,高级工程师,主要研究方向为铀矿采冶、湿法冶金。

Optimization of Leaching Process for Complex Component Sandstone Uranium Ore
Runsheng YANG, Yuan YUAN
Affiliations
  • China Nuclear Mining Science and Technology Corporation,Beijing 101149,China
出版时间: 2025-08-20 doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.04.007
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复杂组分砂岩铀矿主要由砾岩、砂岩和泥板岩构成,铀矿物主要为铀石和钛铀矿,包含少量沥青铀矿。研究了复杂组分砂岩铀矿的工艺矿物学,并对浸出工艺进行了优化。结果表明:矿石中大部分铀以四价形式存在,且含有较多的钙、镁、铝、铁和碳酸盐。酸法浸出、强化浸出和柱浸试验结果表明:酸法浸出工艺效果更好,用40~50 g/L H2SO4作为浸出剂时,酸法柱浸的渣计浸出率均大于90%。综合考虑,建议工业生产采用-10 mm粒度矿石堆浸工艺,浸出剂H2SO4质量浓度优选为40 g/L。

铀矿  /  复杂组分  /  砂岩  /  酸浸  /  柱浸  /  堆浸

Complex component sandstone-uranium deposits are mainly composed of conglomerate,sandstone and Slate.The uranium minerals are mainly uranite and titanium-uranium ores,including a small amount of pitchblende.The process mineralogy of complex component sandstone uranium ore was studied,and the leaching process was optimized.The results show that most of the uranium in the ore exists in the tetravalent form,and it contains a relatively large amount of calcium,magnesium,aluminium,iron and carbonate.The test results of acid leaching,enhanced leaching and column leaching show that the acid leaching process has a better effect. When 40~50 g/L H2SO4 is used as the leaching agent,the slag leaching rate of the acid column leaching is all greater than 90%. Comprehensively considered,it is recommended that the heap leaching process of -10 mm particle size ore be adopted in industrial production,and the mass concentration of the leaching agent H2SO4 is preferably 40 g/L.

uranium ore  /  complex components  /  sandstone  /  acid leaching  /  column leaching  /  heap leaching
杨润生, 原渊. 复杂组分砂岩铀矿的浸出工艺优化研究. 湿法冶金, 2025 , 44 (4) : 482 -488 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.04.007
Runsheng YANG, Yuan YUAN. Optimization of Leaching Process for Complex Component Sandstone Uranium Ore[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2025 , 44 (4) : 482 -488 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.04.007
在全球能源格局不断调整、对清洁能源需求愈发迫切的大背景下,核电因具有高效、清洁等优势,成为了最具潜力的一种新型能源[1]。天然铀作为核电的核心材料,其稳定供应对于核电产业的可持续发展至关重要,因此,为保障天然铀的供给,加强对铀矿资源的勘探和开发力度十分必要。
当前,砂岩型铀矿是天然铀供给的主力[1-2]。但我国部分探明的铀资源组分复杂、开采难度大,矿石构成、铀矿物种类及铀的赋存状态独特,使得传统的浸出工艺难以达到理想的开发效果[3-7]。因此,对复杂组分砂岩铀矿浸出工艺的探索和研究是实现其经济开发、保障天然铀供给的关键所在。试验针对某复杂组分砂岩铀矿,分析了其工艺矿物学,并在此基础上对浸出工艺进行了优化,以期为复杂组分砂岩铀矿的高效开发提供技术参考。
某复杂组分铀矿床为陆相沉积砂(砾)岩型铀矿床,含矿岩性有砾岩、砂岩、泥板岩,铀矿化产于钙质少、以石英为主要成分的黄铁矿化、多孔隙岩石,以及胶结不坚固的砾岩层,或裂隙发育的岩石中。矿床受油气运移、聚集过程中形成的后生还原带所控制[7]。矿石样品中铀矿物的种类主要为铀石和钛铀矿,以铀石为主,含少量沥青铀矿。铀矿物的粒度小、不规则,多分布于矿物间隙中,与黄铁矿伴生在一起,既有产于黄铁矿外围的,也有产于黄铁矿中间的。次生铀矿物主要有板菱铀矿、钒钙铀矿、矽镁铀矿和铜铀云母等[8]
主要试剂:硫酸、盐酸、30%双氧水、软锰矿(MnO2),均为分析纯;水为去离子水。
主要设备:SHT-6C型水浴恒温磁力搅拌器,金坛市美特仪器制造有限公司;JJ224BFYC-R50型精密分析天平;PHSJ-3F型pH计;MPC601T 型抗化学腐蚀三级隔膜真空泵,德国伊尔姆真空泵制造有限公司;三角瓶(250、500 mL);漏斗和滤纸等。
称取50 g(干质量)矿石样品置于500 mL三角瓶中,用浓硫酸和去离子水配制一定浓度的硫酸溶液,作为浸出剂。按照一定液固体积质量比将硫酸加入到三角瓶中后,再将三角瓶置于恒温磁力搅拌器中,在设定温度下开启搅拌,浸出反应一定时间。待浸出结束后,真空抽滤,固液分离。之后采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法分析浸出液和尾渣中的铀及其他元素含量,考察浸出过程各因素对铀浸出效果的影响。
矿石样品的岩性有灰色、灰黑色的钙质或弱钙质胶结砂砾岩、粗砂岩、中砂岩、细砂岩、粉砂岩、灰色泥岩等。组成矿化样品的碎屑物主要有石英、长石、各类岩屑、白云母等,黏土矿物有绿泥石、高岭石、伊利石等,此外还有一些黄铁矿、方解石、铀矿物等。室内岩石学用蔡司AxioImager.M2m显微镜分析,结果如图1~3所示。可以看出:岩石主要类型为含砾石英砂岩,并以中砾-中粗砾岩型为主,呈兰蓝灰色、灰色;砾石呈棱角状,被泥包裹,主要成分有硅质岩、水母化泥岩、云母石英片岩和灰岩等;长石、石英等碎屑呈次棱角状,滚圆度较好;胶结物中以蚀变泥岩和细颗粒级黄铁矿居多。
采用电子探针技术分析了该复杂组分砂岩铀矿中铀元素的相关特征。结果表明:矿石中的铀矿物以铀石、钛铀矿为主,并存有少量沥青铀矿;此外,矿石中还含有多种脉石矿物,包括石英、钾长石、方解石、钠长石、黄铁矿、金红石等。
铀石矿物的赋存特征如图4所示。
图4看出:铀石主要呈不规则粒状、微脉状,沿石英、黄铁矿、方解石等矿物的边缘分布,或分布在矿物间的胶结物中,粒径为1~5 μm,基本与黄铁矿共生,多产于黄铁矿边缘。
钛铀矿的赋存特征如图5所示。钛铀矿呈不规则粒状、团块状,多分布在矿物裂隙和间隙的胶结物中,主要与金红石、黄铁矿、铀石等共生。矿物颗粒大小一般<10 μm。
沥青铀矿的赋存特征如图6所示。沥青铀矿呈胶粒状、胶状和微脉状分布在石英矿物颗粒边缘或胶结物中,矿物颗粒大小在2~10 μm之间,以小颗粒居多,与黄铁矿共生密切。
矿样的工艺矿物学分析结果说明,矿石组分中的耗酸物质较多,其浸出性能可能较差。
试验用矿石样品硬度较大,用木锤与铁锤均难以将其破碎至自然粒级,因此采用机械破磨法并按相关规范要求得到适于浸出的矿样。混合矿样的化学分析结果见表1
表1看出:混合矿样中铀品位为0.182%,六价铀占比为40.1%;CaO、MgO、Al2O3、Fe2O3及碳酸盐质量分数(以CO2计)较高,均大于2%。这些耗酸物质与慢耗酸物质会增加矿石浸出铀的酸耗。
在不添加氧化剂条件下,分别用硫酸和盐酸对矿样进行浸出,考察不同酸质量浓度对铀浸出的影响,试验结果见表23。试验条件:矿样50 g,液固体积质量比5/1,温度18 ℃,浸出时间48 h,搅拌速度200 r/min。由表2看出:矿石酸耗较高,以30 g/L H2SO4作为浸出剂时,浸出液中未见余酸;H2SO4质量浓度从30 g/L增至60 g/L时,渣计浸出率由25.28%提升至82.48%。
表3看出:用30 g/L HCl作为浸出剂时,浸出液有余酸,但浸出率仅达51.55%;随HCl质量浓度增大,渣计浸出率逐渐升高,在HCl质量浓度增至60 g/L时,渣计浸出率达83.94%。
综上可知,以硫酸和盐酸作为浸出剂的浸出效果较为接近,但考虑到成本,以及氯离子引入对设备腐蚀性等因素,确定选择硫酸作为浸出剂。
矿石中四价铀占比达60%以上,由于四价铀的化学活性相对较低,可能影响其在后续浸出过程中的反应效率,因此分别加入适量30%H2O2、软锰矿(MnO2)作为氧化剂,将四价铀氧化为六价铀,之后考察其对硫酸浸出效果的影响,结果见表45。试验条件:矿样50 g,液固体积质量比5/1,室温(18 ℃),浸出剂为50 g/L硫酸,反应时间48 h。
表4看出:加入氧化剂H2O2对提高矿石浸出率有促进作用;H2O2加入量为1.5 g/L时,渣计浸出率可达85.47%。
表5看出:加入氧化剂MnO2,渣计浸出率略有提高;MnO2加入量为2.0 g/L时,渣计浸出率为83.22%。
综上可知,以H2O2和MnO2作为浸出剂的浸出效果较为接近,但考虑到试验稳定性及成本等因素,确定选择软锰矿(MnO2)作为氧化剂。
矿石中铀的氧化浸出一般为吸热反应[9],为进一步提高浸出率,进行加温搅拌浸出。取-60目矿石100 g,在硫酸加入量180 kg/t、软锰矿加入量15 kg/t、液固体积质量比1.5/1、浸出时间24 h条件下,考察浸出温度对浸出效果的影响,结果见表6。可以看出:随温度升高,铀浸出率升高;温度升至60 ℃时,渣计浸出率达89.8%。说明温度对浸出影响较明显,升高温度有利于提高铀浸出率。
试验1:取-60目矿石100 g,拌入18 g硫酸,控制液固体积质量比0.24 kg/1 L,充分搅拌,于室温(18 ℃)下熟化96 h,加清水(控制液固体积质量比1.5/1)搅拌30 min,过滤、洗涤。
试验2:额外加入1.5 g软锰矿,其他条件与试验1一致。
试验3:于60 ℃下熟化6 h,其他条件和试验2一致。
拌酸熟化浸出试验结果见表7。可以看出:采用拌酸熟化浸出工艺能有效提高铀浸出效果,渣计浸出率可达87%以上;升高熟化温度,铀浸出率可得到进一步提高,达94.24%。
堆浸法提取铀具有投资少、建设期短、生产成本低等特点,且尾渣颗粒粗,含水率低,易于堆置处理,在我国硬岩矿山已得到广泛应用,是铀矿采冶主要工艺之一[10]
柱浸试验是为了模拟堆浸生产实践进行的室内试验。通过柱浸试验基本上能获得作为资源评价所需参数。柱浸试验采用酸法浸出工艺,浸出剂在高位槽中通过管线从矿柱底部进入矿层,浸出液从矿柱顶部流出。
柱浸试验包括6个试验柱:1#柱浸出剂为50 g/L H2SO4+1.0 g/L H2O2;2#柱浸出剂为30 g/L H2SO4+1.0 g/L H2O2;3#柱浸出剂为10 g/L H2SO4;4#柱浸出剂为50 g/L H2SO4;5#柱浸出剂为40 g/L H2SO4+1.0 g/L H2O2;6#柱浸出剂为50 g/L H2SO4+1.0 g/L H2O2。6#柱矿石粒径为-10 mm,其他柱为-5 mm。试验结束后,取渣样分析铀品位,计算浸出率,试验结果见表8
表8看出,矿石浸出率受浸出剂H2SO4质量浓度影响较大:以10 g/L H2SO4作为浸出剂时(3#),柱渣计浸出率仅为39.2%;将H2SO4质量浓度增至50 g/L时(4#),柱渣计浸出率可提升至91.6%;用40~50 g/L H2SO4作为浸出剂时,渣计浸出率均大于90%,可以满足生产要求;氧化剂的加入对浸出效果提升作用不明显;矿石粒度(-5 mm与-10 mm)对浸出效果影响较小;1#柱与6#柱的渣计浸出率、酸耗非常接近。
原矿样品与浸出渣样品组分的化学分析结果见表9。可以看出:浸出后主要的耗酸物质与慢耗酸物质都伴随铀的浸出发生反应,反应顺序为碳酸盐>铀矿物>云母>绿泥石>长石。浸出过程中发现,矿石中的碳酸盐全部被消耗,其在浸出渣中未检测到,而含钙、镁、铁、铝的矿物部分被消耗。
1)某复杂组分砂岩铀矿中铀品位较高,达0.018%,其中六价铀约占40%;Ca、Mg、Al、Fe及碳酸盐含量较高,预测酸法浸出酸耗较高。
2)酸法搅拌浸出、强化搅拌浸出和柱浸试验结果表明,酸法浸出效果相对较好,采用酸法柱浸,渣计浸出率可达90%以上。
3)综合考虑各影响因素,工业开发的浸出工艺建议采用-10 mm粒度矿石堆浸,浸出剂优选40 g/L H2SO4
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doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.04.007
  • 接收时间:2025-06-02
  • 首发时间:2025-09-09
  • 出版时间:2025-08-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-02
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    中核矿业科技集团有限公司,北京 101149
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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