Article(id=1169295847771615336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1169295841580819245, articleNumber=1009-2617(2025)03-0342-11, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.03.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1719331200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1756711454574, onlineDateStr=2025-09-01, pubDate=1750348800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1756711454574, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-01, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1756711454574, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756711454574, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1169295841580819245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2025', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='283', pageEnd='431', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1756711453097, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756711962360, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1169297977647571041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1169295841580819245, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1169297977647571042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1169295841580819245, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=342, endPage=352, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1169295848019079273, articleId=1169295847771615336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Preparation of Polymerized Schiff Base and Its Adsorption Properties for Cu(Ⅱ) from Wastewater, columnId=1152626641181700664, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Experiment Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the issues of low conversion rate of aromatic amine monomers and high consumption of oxidants in polymerization reactions, the synthesis of polymeric Schiff base nanoparticles using m-phenylenediamine and glutaraldehyde as monomers through aldol-amino condensation reaction and their application in the adsorption and removal of Cu(Ⅱ) from wastewater were investigated. The morphology and structure of the products were characterized, and the thermal stability, acid stability, and adsorption mechanism of the material for Cu(Ⅱ) in wastewater were analyzed. The results show that the amino and aldehyde groups underwent nucleophilic addition to form a Schiff base structure, and the products are spherical nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 100 to 400 nm. The $\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{N}$ structure of the polymeric Schiff base has good thermal stability and acid stability, and the adsorption process of Cu(Ⅱ) conforms to the characteristics of the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Under optimized conditions, the equilibrium adsorption capacity of the polymeric Schiff base for Cu(Ⅱ) is 116.30 mg/g, which is superior to that of common biochar, magnetic iron, and other polymer materials. The adsorption mechanism of the polymeric Schiff base for Cu(Ⅱ) is mainly electrostatic interaction and show strong coordination ability.

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针对芳香胺单体转化率较低、聚合反应氧化剂消耗量大等问题,研究了以间苯二胺和戊二醛为单体,通过醛氨缩合反应制备聚合席夫碱纳米粒子并用于吸附去除废水中的Cu(Ⅱ)。对产物的形貌及结构进行了表征,并探讨了该材料的热稳定性和酸稳定性及其对废水中Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附机制。结果表明:氨基和醛基经亲核加成后生成席夫碱结构,产物为直径100~400 nm的球形纳米颗粒;聚合席夫的$\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{N}$结构具有较好的热稳定性和酸稳定性,对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型的特征;在优化条件下,聚合席夫碱对Cu(Ⅱ)的平衡吸附量为116.30 mg/g,性能优于常见生物炭、磁性铁及其他高分子材料;聚合席夫碱对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附机制主要为静电作用,并表现出较强的配位能力。

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任力理(1983—),男,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为环境材料的研发及重金属废水处理工艺。E-mail:
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郑毅豪(2002—),男,在读本科生,主要研究方向为聚合物合成及废水处理。

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郑毅豪(2002—),男,在读本科生,主要研究方向为聚合物合成及废水处理。

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Engineered Science, 2022.DOI:10.30919/es8d603., articleTitle=Cyclodextrin modified graphene membrane for highly selective adsorption of organic dyes and copper(Ⅱ) ions, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1172888494096662693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, awardId=GJJ210836, language=CN, fundingSource=江西省教育厅科技项目(GJJ210836), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1172888485074714702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172888485078909007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, companyId=1172888485074714702, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172888485087297616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, companyId=1172888485074714702, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 江西理工大学 化学化工学院,江西 赣州 341000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1172888485162795090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172888485171183699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, companyId=1172888485162795090, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Metallurgical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172888485183766612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, companyId=1172888485162795090, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 江西理工大学 冶金工程学院,江西 赣州 341000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1172888487595491452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Photographs of polymerized Schiff base products synthesized at different temperatures

a—pS(1∶1)-4;b—pS(1∶1)-25;c—pS(1∶1)-50。

, figureFileSmall=Li9zQWR787KjuDV4QeXdxw==, figureFileBig=krqifbDOFfTJ6/Bg7aYh/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888487666794621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同温度下合成的聚合席夫碱产物照片, figureFileSmall=Li9zQWR787KjuDV4QeXdxw==, figureFileBig=krqifbDOFfTJ6/Bg7aYh/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888487738097790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=FT-IR spectra of pS(1∶2)-25, figureFileSmall=SekPZDY4H4E1vdAyNX6sSQ==, figureFileBig=gS5BRx6DBd7nqki6dcdSdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888487796818047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=CN, label=图2, caption=pS(1∶2)-25的红外光谱分析结果, figureFileSmall=SekPZDY4H4E1vdAyNX6sSQ==, figureFileBig=gS5BRx6DBd7nqki6dcdSdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888489738780801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Synthesis pathway of pdymerized Schiff base, figureFileSmall=PZXbNgb3UpfzbKClJI1QCw==, figureFileBig=J7KLCVzqqe6xUlLksh26BQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888489843638403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=CN, label=图3, caption=聚合席夫碱的合成路线, figureFileSmall=PZXbNgb3UpfzbKClJI1QCw==, figureFileBig=J7KLCVzqqe6xUlLksh26BQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888489906552964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=SEM image of pS(1∶2)-25, figureFileSmall=cEt2So5Ka144+i8hMzFLDw==, figureFileBig=5bGO0n+ybcQ+KkyT9mXy/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888489986244741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=CN, label=图4, caption=pS(1∶2)-25的形貌, figureFileSmall=cEt2So5Ka144+i8hMzFLDw==, figureFileBig=5bGO0n+ybcQ+KkyT9mXy/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888490044964998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=TG and DTG curves of pS(1∶2)-25, figureFileSmall=axK9/a1BDax3rN4ADnV1Hg==, figureFileBig=u9JTFifw0dk2+RBF3hfkEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888490133045383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=CN, label=图5, caption=pS(1∶2)-25的TG-DTG曲线, figureFileSmall=axK9/a1BDax3rN4ADnV1Hg==, figureFileBig=u9JTFifw0dk2+RBF3hfkEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888490191765640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Changes of filtrate after 30 min ultrasonic dispersion of pS(1∶2)-25 in HCl solution with pH=2~5

a—pH=2;b—pH=3;c—pH=4;d—pH=5。

, figureFileSmall=JkpVeI985g8cXvrUjMjOzQ==, figureFileBig=ODirvzxQroMWiYkzxfCdnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888490271457417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=CN, label=图6, caption=pS(1∶2)-25在pH=2~5的HCl溶液中超声分散30 min后的滤液变化, figureFileSmall=JkpVeI985g8cXvrUjMjOzQ==, figureFileBig=ODirvzxQroMWiYkzxfCdnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888490330177674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effect of initial solution pH on the adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) by pS(1∶2)-25, figureFileSmall=/NINyuac8GurSKglk/dVFQ==, figureFileBig=qxtzZSKLRxwEWdkrT8R4Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888490384703627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=CN, label=图7, caption=溶液初始pH对pS(1∶2)-25吸附Cu(Ⅱ)的影响, figureFileSmall=/NINyuac8GurSKglk/dVFQ==, figureFileBig=qxtzZSKLRxwEWdkrT8R4Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888490447618188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Equilibrium adsorption capacity of Cu(Ⅱ) by pS(1∶2)-25 at different initial mass concentrations, figureFileSmall=IstyqUXHx+MRiPUQIMXMhg==, figureFileBig=UG1gS0frYxxTx0zxnSoZRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888490527309965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同Cu(Ⅱ)初始质量浓度下pS(1∶2)-25对Cu(Ⅱ)的平衡吸附量, figureFileSmall=IstyqUXHx+MRiPUQIMXMhg==, figureFileBig=UG1gS0frYxxTx0zxnSoZRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888490627973262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Langmuir (a) and Freundlich (b) isotherm adsorption fitting curves of adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) by pS(1∶2)-25, figureFileSmall=r6UqTBZmnHdNlx2HJi77Qg==, figureFileBig=AYsbGQo7bLK1RsqMrWOTbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888490695082127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=CN, label=图9, caption=pS(1∶2)-25吸附Cu(Ⅱ)的Langmuir (a)、Freundlich (b)等温吸附拟合曲线, figureFileSmall=r6UqTBZmnHdNlx2HJi77Qg==, figureFileBig=AYsbGQo7bLK1RsqMrWOTbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888490753802384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Variation curve of adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) by pS(1∶2)-25 with time, figureFileSmall=9wS5Nydn0aJD/qDWtfrCkQ==, figureFileBig=3/8yhc+pADIJqXhW1+9hLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888490829299857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=CN, label=图10, caption=pS(1∶2)-25对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附量随时间的变化曲线, figureFileSmall=9wS5Nydn0aJD/qDWtfrCkQ==, figureFileBig=3/8yhc+pADIJqXhW1+9hLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888490908991634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Pseudo-first-order (a) and pseudo-second-order (b) kinetic fitting curves for adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) by pS(1∶2)-25, figureFileSmall=cq88D99uhhH9PE0gtSp01g==, figureFileBig=n5gvEPQad6nUO6w+EfjkLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888490971906195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=CN, label=图11, caption=pS(1∶2)-25吸附Cu(Ⅱ)的准一级(a)、准二级(b)动力学拟合曲线, figureFileSmall=cq88D99uhhH9PE0gtSp01g==, figureFileBig=n5gvEPQad6nUO6w+EfjkLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888491034820756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=FT-IR spectra before and after adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) by pS(1∶2)-25, figureFileSmall=KKMg84Ekg0yU7nsWyno+rA==, figureFileBig=MAUC8NBIN9po3e5NGG2bTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888491097735317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=CN, label=图12, caption=pS(1∶2)-25吸附Cu(Ⅱ)前、后的红外光谱, figureFileSmall=KKMg84Ekg0yU7nsWyno+rA==, figureFileBig=MAUC8NBIN9po3e5NGG2bTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888491148066966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=XPS analysis results of before and after adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) by pS(1∶2)-25, figureFileSmall=SqV3S+Md1PHVs+hDrMDOTQ==, figureFileBig=mEMUau/M3SQdsfVfErvnaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888491240341655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=CN, label=Fig.13, caption=pS(1∶2)-25吸附Cu(Ⅱ)前、后的的XPS分析结果

a—吸附后,全谱;b—吸附前,N 1s分谱;c—吸附后,N 1s分谱;b—吸附后,Cu 2p3/2分谱。

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Yield of polymerized Schiff base and its equilibrium adsorption capacity of Cu(Ⅱ) at different temperatures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 产率/% qe/(mg·g-1)
pS(1∶1)-4 87.94 80.32
pS(1∶1)-25 88.72 100.28
pS(1∶1)-50 86.79 92.55
), ArticleFig(id=1172888491491999899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同温度下聚合席夫碱产率及其对Cu(Ⅱ)的平衡吸附量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 产率/% qe/(mg·g-1)
pS(1∶1)-4 87.94 80.32
pS(1∶1)-25 88.72 100.28
pS(1∶1)-50 86.79 92.55
), ArticleFig(id=1172888491571691676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Yield of polymerized Schiff base and its equilibrium adsorption capacity of Cu(Ⅱ) at different molar ratios of m-phenylenediamine to glutaraldehyde

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 产率/% qe/(mg·g-1)
pS(1∶1)-25 88.72 100.28
pS(1∶2)-25 90.50 116.30
pS(1∶5)-25 85.94 80.46
), ArticleFig(id=1172888491642994845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同mPD与GA的物质的量比下的聚合席夫碱产率及其对Cu(Ⅱ)的平衡吸附量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 产率/% qe/(mg·g-1)
pS(1∶1)-25 88.72 100.28
pS(1∶2)-25 90.50 116.30
pS(1∶5)-25 85.94 80.46
), ArticleFig(id=1172888491705909406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Isotherm adsorption fitting parameters of adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) by pS(1∶2)-25

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
qm/(mg·g-1) kF/( mg 1 - 1 / n· L 1 / n·g-1) 1/n R2
116.30 0.553 1 0.921 5 0.977 5
), ArticleFig(id=1172888491764629663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

pS(1∶2)-25吸附Cu(Ⅱ)的Freundlich等温吸附拟合参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
qm/(mg·g-1) kF/( mg 1 - 1 / n· L 1 / n·g-1) 1/n R2
116.30 0.553 1 0.921 5 0.977 5
), ArticleFig(id=1172888491844321440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Equilibrium adsorption capacities of common adsorbent materials for Cu(Ⅱ)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
吸附材料 最佳pH 热力学模型 平衡吸附量/(mg·g-1) 文献
稻壳改性生物炭 5 Langmuir 104.34 [21]
羟基磷灰石污泥基生物炭 6 Langmuir 89.98 [22]
碳纳米管-钢渣复合物 6.5 Langmuir 132.79 [23]
Fe3O4-FeMoS4 5 Langmuir 110.00 [24]
磁性κ-卡拉胶 6 Langmuir 107.00 [25]
多孔磁性铁@多巴胺 8 Langmuir 86.35 [26]
壳聚糖@聚乙烯醇微球 5 Langmuir 45.00 [27]
石墨烯 5 Langmuir 40.00 [28]
环糊精改性石墨烯 5 Langmuir 35.70 [29]
聚合席夫碱 6 Langmuir 116.30 本研究
), ArticleFig(id=1172888491919818913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

常见Cu(Ⅱ)吸附材料的平衡吸附量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
吸附材料 最佳pH 热力学模型 平衡吸附量/(mg·g-1) 文献
稻壳改性生物炭 5 Langmuir 104.34 [21]
羟基磷灰石污泥基生物炭 6 Langmuir 89.98 [22]
碳纳米管-钢渣复合物 6.5 Langmuir 132.79 [23]
Fe3O4-FeMoS4 5 Langmuir 110.00 [24]
磁性κ-卡拉胶 6 Langmuir 107.00 [25]
多孔磁性铁@多巴胺 8 Langmuir 86.35 [26]
壳聚糖@聚乙烯醇微球 5 Langmuir 45.00 [27]
石墨烯 5 Langmuir 40.00 [28]
环糊精改性石墨烯 5 Langmuir 35.70 [29]
聚合席夫碱 6 Langmuir 116.30 本研究
), ArticleFig(id=1172888491995316386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Kinetic fitting parameters for adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) by pS(1∶2)-25

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
准一级动力学模型 准二级动力学模型
qe/(mg·g-1) k1/min-1 R2 qe/(mg·g-1) k2/(g·mg-1·min-1) R2
123.99 0.001 8 0.015 2 93.46 -0.000 9 0.950 4
), ArticleFig(id=1172888493941473443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295847771615336, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

pS(1∶2)-25对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附动力学拟合参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
准一级动力学模型 准二级动力学模型
qe/(mg·g-1) k1/min-1 R2 qe/(mg·g-1) k2/(g·mg-1·min-1) R2
123.99 0.001 8 0.015 2 93.46 -0.000 9 0.950 4
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聚合席夫碱的制备及其对废水中Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究
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郑毅豪 1 , 任力理 1 , 程俐俐 2 , 王诗琴 1 , 陆雯婷 1
湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025,44(3): 342-352
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湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025, 44(3): 342-352
聚合席夫碱的制备及其对废水中Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究
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郑毅豪1, 任力理1 , 程俐俐2, 王诗琴1, 陆雯婷1
作者信息
  • 1 江西理工大学 化学化工学院,江西 赣州 341000
  • 2 江西理工大学 冶金工程学院,江西 赣州 341000
  • 郑毅豪(2002—),男,在读本科生,主要研究方向为聚合物合成及废水处理。

通讯作者:

任力理(1983—),男,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为环境材料的研发及重金属废水处理工艺。E-mail:
Preparation of Polymerized Schiff Base and Its Adsorption Properties for Cu(Ⅱ) from Wastewater
Yihao ZHENG1, Lili REN1 , Lili CHENG2, Shiqin WANG1, Wenting LU1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
  • 2 School of Metallurgical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
出版时间: 2025-06-20 doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.03.008
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针对芳香胺单体转化率较低、聚合反应氧化剂消耗量大等问题,研究了以间苯二胺和戊二醛为单体,通过醛氨缩合反应制备聚合席夫碱纳米粒子并用于吸附去除废水中的Cu(Ⅱ)。对产物的形貌及结构进行了表征,并探讨了该材料的热稳定性和酸稳定性及其对废水中Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附机制。结果表明:氨基和醛基经亲核加成后生成席夫碱结构,产物为直径100~400 nm的球形纳米颗粒;聚合席夫的$\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{N}$结构具有较好的热稳定性和酸稳定性,对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型的特征;在优化条件下,聚合席夫碱对Cu(Ⅱ)的平衡吸附量为116.30 mg/g,性能优于常见生物炭、磁性铁及其他高分子材料;聚合席夫碱对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附机制主要为静电作用,并表现出较强的配位能力。

聚合席夫碱  /  纳米粒子  /  制备  /  吸附  /  铜  /  废水  /  去除

To address the issues of low conversion rate of aromatic amine monomers and high consumption of oxidants in polymerization reactions, the synthesis of polymeric Schiff base nanoparticles using m-phenylenediamine and glutaraldehyde as monomers through aldol-amino condensation reaction and their application in the adsorption and removal of Cu(Ⅱ) from wastewater were investigated. The morphology and structure of the products were characterized, and the thermal stability, acid stability, and adsorption mechanism of the material for Cu(Ⅱ) in wastewater were analyzed. The results show that the amino and aldehyde groups underwent nucleophilic addition to form a Schiff base structure, and the products are spherical nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 100 to 400 nm. The $\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{N}$ structure of the polymeric Schiff base has good thermal stability and acid stability, and the adsorption process of Cu(Ⅱ) conforms to the characteristics of the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Under optimized conditions, the equilibrium adsorption capacity of the polymeric Schiff base for Cu(Ⅱ) is 116.30 mg/g, which is superior to that of common biochar, magnetic iron, and other polymer materials. The adsorption mechanism of the polymeric Schiff base for Cu(Ⅱ) is mainly electrostatic interaction and show strong coordination ability.

polymeric Schiff base  /  nanoparticles  /  preparation  /  adsorption  /  copper  /  wastewater  /  removal
郑毅豪, 任力理, 程俐俐, 王诗琴, 陆雯婷. 聚合席夫碱的制备及其对废水中Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究. 湿法冶金, 2025 , 44 (3) : 342 -352 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.03.008
Yihao ZHENG, Lili REN, Lili CHENG, Shiqin WANG, Wenting LU. Preparation of Polymerized Schiff Base and Its Adsorption Properties for Cu(Ⅱ) from Wastewater[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2025 , 44 (3) : 342 -352 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.03.008
随着印制电路板(print circuit board,PCB)在各种智能终端中的大量应用,其制造过程中不可避免产生大量含Cu(Ⅱ)废水。废水中Cu(Ⅱ)的存在不仅会对周边的自然生态环境造成危害,还会对公共健康构成威胁,同时也造成资源浪费,不利于行业的可持续发展[1]。因此,研究PCB废水中铜离子的净化技术十分必要。目前,针对含铜废水的处理方法主要有沉淀法、电解法、微生物法和吸附法[2-5]。其中,吸附法因具有操作便捷、处理效果好、环境友好等特点,相较于其他方法优势明显。吸附法处理效果的关键取决于吸附剂材料的性能和效率,因此开发吸附性能优异、合成简单且高效的吸附剂材料是该法的重点。目前,针对重金属研究较多的吸附剂材料是有机高分子材料合成。其中,芳香胺聚合物官能团密度高、易于聚合且分子结构稳定,吸附性能较好,有一定的应用前景[6]。但传统的聚芳香胺在合成过程中需添加大量氧化剂以引发聚合(氧化剂与芳香胺单体物质的量之比为1∶1),既增加了成本同时又加大了环境污染风险[7-8]。此外,由于氧化剂的加入会加速链终止,且传统的聚芳香胺普遍存在单体转化率较低(通常为50%~70%)的问题,这些缺点极大地限制了聚芳香胺的应用,因此改变聚合模式,合成出产率高、结构稳定且性能优异的芳香胺聚合物是目前拓宽芳香胺聚合物研究的热点。
席夫碱是通过氨基对羰基亲核加成形成的产物,其中N原子的孤对电子由于受到双键的p-π共轭的影响,有很强的配位作用,极易与过渡周期金属阳离子发生配位[9-11]。因此,席夫碱结构在重金属及其配合物吸附捕集方面优势明显,具有一定应用潜力[12]。目前,针对席夫碱吸附材料的合成主要有三种思路:一是含有氨基的高分子化合物与含醛基的高分子化合物加成反应形成含席夫碱结构的高分子聚合物;二是将含醛基或氨基的化合物通过缩合接枝在大分子化合物上,形成含席夫碱结构的高分子化合物[13-15];三是多氨基和多醛基化合物聚合形成聚合席夫碱。这三类聚合席夫碱衍生吸附材料均具有良好的吸附性能和潜在应用前景[16-18]。聚合席夫碱官能团密度高、活性位点多且易于表面修饰和形貌调控,性能优异;但其在酸性条件下易发生解聚,因此通过增加交联结构及形成复合物增强其稳定性,逐渐成为该功能材料的发展方向。
试验以间苯二胺和戊二醛为单体,通过醛胺缩合反应制备得到聚合席夫碱纳米粒子,以提高芳香胺单体转化率和利用率。分析了合成产物的结构和形貌,探究了聚合席夫碱对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附机制,总结了聚合席夫碱结构单元及形貌与吸附性能之间的关系,以期为高性能高分子聚合物吸附材料的合成及应用提供新的研究思路和理论支持。
间苯二胺(C6H5NH2,mPD)、戊二醛(C5H8O2,GA)50%水溶液、二水合氯化铜(CuCl2·2H2O)、无水乙醇(C2H5OH)、氢氧化钠(NaOH)、盐酸(HCl),均为分析纯,购于国药集团化学试剂有限公司;溴化钾(KBr),光谱纯,购于麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;Cu标准溶液,购于国家有色金属及电子材料分析测试中心。
Nicolet iS 10型傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)(美国赛默飞世尔科技有限公司),SDT650型热重分析仪(TGA)(美国TA仪器),S4800型扫描电子显微镜(SEM)(德国里奥公司),5100SVDV型电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)(安捷伦科技(中国)有限公司),K-Alpha 1063型X射线光电子光谱仪(XPS)(美国赛默飞世尔科技有限公司)。
准确称取2.595 g mPD溶于100 mL去离子水中,将溶液置于水浴中,保持常温;向溶液中分别加入150 mL一定浓度的GA溶液,保证mPD与GA物质的量比分别为1∶1、1∶2、1∶5,在一定温度下,以800 r/min的速度搅拌反应1 h;之后用G5砂芯漏斗过滤所得悬浊液,并用去离水和无水乙醇各洗涤3次。不同温度下所得产物在60 ℃真空干燥箱中真空干燥12 h,获得聚合席夫碱纳米粒子。
所制备的聚合席夫碱纳米粒子样品记作pS(x)-y,x代表mPD与GA物质的量比(1∶1、1∶2、1∶5),y代表反应温度(4、25、50 ℃)。
聚合物产率p计算公式如下:
p= m P m R×100%。
式中: mP—反应后所得聚合物质量,g;mR—所加入单体质量,g。
为表征聚合物官能团结构,将样品与KBr混合后压片,用FT-IR分析产物结构,扫描范围4 000~400 cm-1,扫描次数32次,分辨率4 cm-1;用SEM分析聚合物形貌特征(样品进行2 min喷金处理固定在Cu台上,在电压为20 kV下采用背散射电子方式扫描成像);聚合物的热稳定性通过热重分析仪测定(保护气氛为Ar,升温速率5 ℃/min,升温至800 ℃);聚合物原子和所吸附Cu化学键结构采用XPS以Al Kα作为射线源进行分析测试。
配制一系列体积为50 mL质量浓度为50~500 mg/L的CuCl2溶液,用1 mol/L的HCl和1 mol/L的NaOH溶液分别调节溶液pH=2.0~7.0,装入塑料瓶中。称取25 mg聚合物粉末加入到配制的CuCl2溶液中,超声2 min,使其充分分散,并以未加入吸附剂的溶液为空白对照。将装有溶液的塑料瓶置于30 ℃的恒温水浴摇床上,以150 r/min振荡速度反应30~240 min。反应结束后过滤,用ICP-AES测定滤液中Cu(Ⅱ)浓度,ICP测定选用内标法,工作波长为324.75 nm,测定次数为3次。
吸附t时间的吸附量qt和平衡吸附量qe计算公式如下:
qt= ( ρ 0 - ρ t ) V m;
qe= ( ρ 0 - ρ e ) V   m
式中:ρ0—溶液中Cu(Ⅱ)初始质量浓度,mg/L;ρt—吸附t时间时溶液中Cu(Ⅱ)质量浓度,mg/L;m—吸附剂质量,g;V—溶液体积,L;ρe—吸附达到平衡时溶液中Cu(Ⅱ)质量浓度,mg/L。
试验以1 mL/次的速度将GA加入到mPD中,反应30~180 s有白色沉淀出现,温度越高或GA浓度越高沉淀速度越快,表明温度升高和反应物浓度增大能促进反应快速进行。为优化聚合反应温度,同时考虑席夫碱反应的高反应速率,避免过度聚合,试验分别控制反应温度为4、25和50 ℃,并分别考察不同温度下聚合席夫碱的产率及其对Cu(Ⅱ)的平衡吸附量,结果见表1
表1看出:温度从4 ℃升至25 ℃时,聚合席夫碱产率及其对Cu(Ⅱ)平衡吸附量均明显提升;继续升温至50 ℃,产率与平衡吸附量则均下降。
不同温度下合成的聚合席夫碱产物照片如图1所示。可以看出:不同温度下合成的聚合席夫碱粒子为白色或淡黄色粉末,低温和GA浓度较低的条件下产物偏白,颜色随合成温度升高而加深。根据文献[19]报道,聚合席夫碱的颜色主要是由于其分子结构中C=N基团与苯环上的共轭大π键产生π-π共轭效应所致。而席夫碱的 C=N结构是由—CHO和—NH2发生亲核加成后脱水形成。据此推测,升高温度有利于加成后C原子上的—OH和N原子上的H脱水,从而促进席夫碱C=N结构的生成,提升聚合物与Cu2+的结合能力;反之,在温度较低条件下,—CHO和—NH2加成后则保留更多的—HCOH—NH—结构。但温度过高时,分子链间会过度交联化,使官能团的活性因生成Ph—N(CH2)2—结构而降低。同时,过高的温度还可能导致席夫碱发生解离,导致产率降低。因此,选择在25 ℃下进行后续试验。
不同mPD与GA物质的量比下聚合夫碱产率及其对Cu(Ⅱ)的平衡吸附量见表2
表2可知:保持mPD单体质量不变,增加GA用量可在一定程度上提高聚合物产率; 但当mPD与GA的物质的量比增至1∶5时,产率明显下降。这是因为GA与mPD的加成反应不但能形成长链的聚合物分子结构,还能形成分子链间的交联结构,促进产率提升;同时,交联结构还能加强聚合物在Cu(Ⅱ)溶液中的稳定性,进而提升吸附效率。但GA过量时,无法完全反应,会导致产率降低,且过度交联化也会因出现过多的Ph—N(CH2)2—结构而使官能团的活性降低,减少吸附位点。综上,选择pS(1∶2)-25进行后续吸附试验。
通过红外光谱可以推断产物化学结构。图2为pS(1∶2)-25聚合席夫碱的红外光谱。可以看出:位于1 606 cm-1处的强峰为羰基(C=O)与—NH2加成形成的— C=N—Ph结构,1 505 cm-1处为苯胺结构的特征峰,1 625 cm-1处为醌式亚胺结构的特征峰,这些是聚合席夫碱主要的官能团结构;1 645 cm-1处为未反应的—CHO特征峰,而位于2 935和2 863 cm-1处有2个相邻较强的峰,分别属于由戊二醛所引入的脂肪烃结构—CH2—和C—H。红外光谱分析结果表明,戊二醛与间苯二胺发生了亲核加成反应,且部分席夫碱(—C=N—Ph)结构会重排为醌式亚胺结构。聚合席夫碱的合成路线如图3所示。
用扫描电镜分析pS(1∶2)-25的形貌,结果如图4所示。
图4可知:经过—NH2对—CHO加成后,GA与mPD形成了直径为0.3~1.5 μm的球形颗粒。因聚合物粒径主要取决于聚合度,聚合度高则产物形状规则且粒径较大,相反,聚合度低则产物形状不规则且粒经较小。在吸附过程中,粒径较小的颗粒往往由于较低的聚合度而导致稳定性差,易解离,难以固液分离,从而导致吸附效率降低。由产物形貌可推断,合成的聚合席夫碱聚合度较高,利于其稳定性的提高及吸附完成后的固液分离。试验中还发现,GA与mPD混合约30 s即出现白色浑浊沉淀,说明GA与mPD的加成聚合反应有较高的反应速率且产物也有较高的聚合度。
为表征pS(1∶2)-25的热稳定性,采用热重分析仪将其加热至800 ℃,并记录期间的质量损失。pS(1∶2)-25的TG-DTG曲线如图5所示。可以看出,pS(1∶2)-25的质量损失区间分为4段:第1段在0~100 ℃,质量损失主要归因于结合水的挥发,质量损失百分比约为2.5%;第2段在100~350 ℃,质量损失百分比约为28%,主要是加成聚合反应中未脱水的羟基在高温下与α-H脱水而导致;第3段在350~450 ℃,这是主要质量损失区间,质量损失百分比达39.80%,这是由聚合席夫碱中C—C和C—N骨架断裂解离造成;第4段在450~800 ℃,损失剩余20%的质量,这是苯环分子断裂并生成小分子易挥发的烃类所致,聚合物最终完全碳化脱氢。综上可知,聚合席夫碱具有较好的热稳定性。
图6为pS(1∶2)-25在pH=2~5的HCl溶液中分散30 min后的滤液。可以看出:随pH升高,pS(1∶2)-25滤液颜色逐渐变浅,表明过高的酸度会使聚合物发生解离,这是由于N被质子化后,溶解度增大,溶剂化作用加剧,导致 C=N键断裂解离为可溶性的低聚物,并与Cl-形成季铵盐;溶液pH升至4时,滤液呈无色,说明溶液pH高于4时,聚合席夫碱几乎不会发生解离。由此说明,聚合席夫碱具有良好的酸稳定性。
在Cu(Ⅱ)初始质量浓度500 mg/L、吸附时间4 h条件下,不同初始pH对pS(1∶2)-25吸附Cu(Ⅱ)的影响试验结果如图7所示。
图7看出:pH从2升至6时,Cu(Ⅱ)吸附量从pH=2~5缓慢增大,之后迅速增大,说明pH对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附量影响显著,即N原子的质子化程度决定了吸附效率,可推断出聚合席夫碱对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附特性主要为静电吸附,即主要是 C=N负电基团吸引Cu2+[20]。pH较低时,N原子的质子化严重,导致吸附活性位点减少,因此随pH降低,聚合物对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附能力减弱。此外,结合2.2.4可知,由于在酸性较强的溶液中聚合席夫碱C=N结构发生水解,解离为分子量较小的可溶性低聚物或单体,使得固相中的Cu(Ⅱ)重新回到液相中,无法有效分离,这使得在pH=2~3条件下,Cu(Ⅱ)吸附量进一步降低。根据Cu(OH)2溶度积常数(Ksp=2.2×10-20)计算出Cu(Ⅱ)在pH=6.45时发生水解,因此在pH升至7时,由于Cu(Ⅱ)发生大量水解导致吸附量大幅下降。虽然理论上Cu(Ⅱ)在pH=6时不会发生严重水解,但是由于聚合席夫碱会与溶液中质子结合,使得在吸附过程中pH升高,从而促进Cu(Ⅱ)水解,少量Cu(Ⅱ)形成了Cu(OH)2沉淀。因此,在后续试验中,宜控制溶液pH为5.5。
不同Cu(Ⅱ)质量浓度下pS(1∶2)-25对Cu(Ⅱ)的平衡吸附量如图8所示。可知,pS(1∶2)-25对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附量随Cu(Ⅱ)初始质量浓度升高呈先升高后趋于稳定趋势。
吸附过程本质是目标离子在固液两相转移的平衡过程,根据离子浓度在平衡时的分布规律和Gibbs相界面法,界面的吸附量可用式(4)表达:
Г2(1)= 1 A s( n 2 ( σ )- n 2 n 1 n 1 ( σ )),
进一步化简可得单位面积的吸附量为
Г2(1)=Г2-Г1 c 2 α - c 2 β c 1 α - c 1 β c 2 β
式中:Г2(1)—界面吸附量,mg/g;As—界面面积,m2;n1n2—溶剂、溶质在溶液中的物质的量,mol; n 1 ( σ ) n 2 ( σ )—溶剂、溶质在界面相的物质的量,mol; c 2 α c 2 β c 1 α c 1 β—溶质、溶剂分别在液、固两相中的浓度,mol/L。
溶液中Cu(Ⅱ)离子初始质量浓度较高时,使得pS(1∶2)-25在吸附剂表面上结合更多Cu(Ⅱ)离子,而Cu(Ⅱ)初始质量浓度较低时,则会使得在吸附剂表面的活性位点未被完全究聚合物对Cu2+吸附时吸附层和吸附界面结构。试验采用Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型对试验数据进行拟合,结果如图9所示。
Langmuir作为经典的单层吸附等温线模型,其数学表达式如下:
ρ q e= ρ e q m+ 1 b q m
式中:ρe—吸附平衡时溶液质量浓度,mg/L;qe—平衡吸附量,mg/g;qm—最大吸附量,mg/g;b—Langmuir等温吸附常数,L/mg。
Freundlich作为经典的多分子层吸附等温线模型,其数学表达式如下:
l g q e = l g k F + 1 n l g ρ e
式中:qe—平衡吸附量,mg/L;kF—Freundlich等温吸附常数, mg 1 - 1 / n· L 1 / n·g-1;ρe—吸附平衡时溶液质量浓度,mg/L。
图9可知:pS(1∶2)-25对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附更符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,说明pS(1∶2)-25对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附属于多分子层吸附。由此可推断,聚合席夫碱分子链上的—NH—及C=N结构除通过静电作用力对Cu(Ⅱ)进行吸附外,还存在其他方式与Cu(Ⅱ)作用,拥有多种活性位点。此外,GA与mPD聚合速率较快,且部分氨基对醛基加成后未脱水,仍保留羟基,进而加大分子链的间距。因此,聚合物颗粒可能具有较为松散的内部结构和一定的孔隙度,吸附中伴随颗粒内扩散过程,这也会使吸附更加趋于多层吸附特性。
pS(1∶2)-25吸附Cu(Ⅱ)的Freundlich等温吸附拟合参数见表3。可以看出:pS(1∶2)-25的1/n值介于0.1~1.0之间,对Cu(Ⅱ)的平衡吸附量达116.30 mg/g。常见的Cu(Ⅱ)吸附材料包括活性炭、磁性铁、高分子聚合物及石墨烯等。在不同最佳pH条件下用Langmuir等温吸附模型拟合可知最大吸附量,结果见表4[21-29]。经对比分析可知,本研究所制备聚合席夫碱对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附性能更优。
吸附速率及动力学特性是评价吸附剂性能的重要指标。pS(1∶2)-25对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附量随时间的变化曲线如图10所示。
图10可知:吸附曲线在0~30 min内的斜率最大,吸附量增幅最大,吸附约30 min时,吸附量可达最大值的60%左右,在这一阶段,Cu(Ⅱ)通过静电作用迅速聚集在聚合物表面,同时,吸附剂表面未被占据的活性位点较多,因此吸附速率较大;在30~90 min内,吸附量增幅逐渐降低,在这一阶段,Cu(Ⅱ)主要与—NH—及C=N形成配位化合物等复杂的化学键;在90~120 min内,吸附量增幅趋于平缓,并在120 min达最大,为123.99 mg/g,此时pS(1∶2)-25的活性位点基本被Cu(Ⅱ)占据,吸附趋于饱和;在120~240 min内,pS(1∶2)-25对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附量呈下降趋势,最后趋于稳定,这主要是因为随聚合席夫碱与Cu(Ⅱ)结合形成盐式结构,在溶剂化作用下逐渐解离形成可溶性配合物,无法完全实现固液分离,进而导致吸附量降低。
为进一步了解聚合席夫碱的吸附性能,使用准一级和准二级动力学模型对图10的试验数据进行拟合。拟合曲线如图11所示,拟合参数见表5
准一级动力学模型的数学表达式为:
l g ( q e - q t ) = l g   q e - k 1 2.303 t
准二级动力学模型的数学表达式为:
q t t = 1 k 2 q e 2 + 1 q e t
式中:qe—平衡吸附量,mg/g;qt—吸附t时间时的吸附量,mg/g;k1—准一级动力学常数,min-1;k2—准二级动力学常数,g/(mg·min)。
表5可知:pS(1∶2)-25对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附过程更适合用准二级动力学模型描述,说明在对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附过程中,化学吸附为速率控制步骤,且吸附速率较高。
pS(1∶2)-25 对Cu(Ⅱ)吸附前、后的红外光谱如图12所示。可知,吸附Cu(Ⅱ)前、后主要的官能团未发生明显变化,但位于1 620 cm-1处的—C=N—结构特征峰略微红移,这是由于Cu(Ⅱ)与N原子形成离子型配位结构所致。
为进一步探究Cu(Ⅱ)与聚合席夫碱官能团之间的相互作用,对吸附Cu(Ⅱ)前、后的pS(1∶2)-25进行XPS检测,结果如图13所示。由图13(a)可知,吸附后结合能位于932.76 eV和952.53 eV处出现了Cu的2p3/2和2p1/2峰,说明Cu(Ⅱ)被吸附在聚合物表面。由N峰进行分峰拟合(图13(b))看出,在吸附前N 1s分为2个价态,分别是结合能位于398.4 eV的C=N键(C=N—Ph),质量百分比为84.3%和结合能位于399.2 eV的—N=(醌式亚胺结构),质量百分比为15.7%,说明在聚合物生成过程中,一部分C=N—Ph结构会异构化为更稳定的醌式亚胺结构。这是由于醌式亚胺结构相比C=N—Ph结构双键之间的单键键长更短,更利于共轭效应的产生,降低电荷密度。吸附Cu(Ⅱ)后(图13(c)),C=N—Ph结构质量百分比降至83.47%,—N=(醌式亚胺结构)质量百分比也降至11.23%,而在结合能位于400.3 eV处出现了C=N与Cu(Ⅱ)配位的结构。同样,对Cu 2p3/2的峰(图13(d))分析发现,聚合席夫碱表面吸附的Cu(Ⅱ)以2种型体存在,一种是结合能位于933.2 eV处的未发生配位的Cu(Ⅱ),即通过静电作用吸附Cu(Ⅱ),质量百分比为24.57%;另一种是结合能位于935.0 eV处与N配位的Cu(Ⅱ),即通过配位作用吸附Cu(Ⅱ),质量百分比为75.43%。
以上结果表明,聚合席夫碱对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附主要以静电吸引作用为主,当Cu(Ⅱ)被吸附至材料表面后,其中部分与N发生了配位反应,其过程可用图14的反应式描述。
以间苯二胺和戊二醛为单体,通过醛氨缩合反应可成功制备能吸附废水中Cu(Ⅱ)的聚合席夫碱纳米粒子。该材料对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附速率较快,吸附30 min即可实现最大吸附量的60%。在优化条件下,聚合席夫碱对Cu(Ⅱ)的平衡吸附量为116.30 mg/g,性能优于常见生物炭,磁性铁及其他高分子材料。聚合席夫碱对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附机制主要为通过静电力作用将Cu(Ⅱ)吸附至聚合物表面,并进一步生产配合物。该材料可高效吸附PCB含铜废水中的铜,其制备方法能为高分子吸附材料的合成及修饰强化提供有益的借鉴。
  • 江西省教育厅科技项目(GJJ210836)
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2025年第44卷第3期
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doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.03.008
  • 接收时间:2024-06-26
  • 首发时间:2025-09-01
  • 出版时间:2025-06-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-26
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江西省教育厅科技项目(GJJ210836)
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    1 江西理工大学 化学化工学院,江西 赣州 341000
    2 江西理工大学 冶金工程学院,江西 赣州 341000

通讯作者:

任力理(1983—),男,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为环境材料的研发及重金属废水处理工艺。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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