Article(id=1169295845754155106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1169295841580819245, articleNumber=1009-2617(2025)03-0406-06, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.03.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734278400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1756711454094, onlineDateStr=2025-09-01, pubDate=1750348800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1756711454094, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-01, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1756711454094, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756711454094, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1169295841580819245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2025', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='283', pageEnd='431', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1756711453097, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756711962360, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1169297977647571041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1169295841580819245, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1169297977647571042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1169295841580819245, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=406, endPage=411, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1169295846035173477, articleId=1169295845754155106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Comparative Study on Adsorption Performance of Natural and Modified Zeolites for Ammonia Nitrogen in Wastewater, columnId=1152626641181700664, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Experiment Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the issue of low ion exchange adsorption performance of natural zeolite caused by the presence of impurities, which makes it ineffective in adsorbing ammonia nitrogen in wastewater, the modification of natural zeolite using inorganic acids, inorganic bases, and inorganic salts was studied. The effects of different initial ammonia nitrogen mass concentration, zeolite particle size, zeolite dosage and reaction time on ammonia nitrogen adsorption performance of natural zeolite were investigated. The adsorption effects of zeolite under different modification conditions on ammonia nitrogen were compared. The results indicate that the ammonia nitrogen adsorption rate of natural zeolite gradually decreases with the increase of zeolite particle size and initial ammonia nitrogen mass concentration, and gradually increases with the increase of zeolite dosage and reaction time. The ammonia nitrogen adsorption effect of zeolite modified by sodium chloride is significantly better than that of zeolite modified by inorganic acids and inorganic bases, as well as other inorganic salts. When the sodium chloride concentration is 0.8 mol/L, the ammonia nitrogen adsorption rate can reach 78.0%, which is 1.64 times that of natural zeolite.

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针对天然沸石因内部存在大量杂质导致其离子交换吸附性能较低,无法有效吸附废水中氨氮问题,研究了采用无机酸、无机碱和无机盐等对天然沸石进行改性,考察了天然沸石在不同氨氮初始质量浓度、沸石粒径、沸石用量、反应时间条件下对氨氮吸附性能的影响,对比了不同改性条件下的沸石对氨氮的吸附效果。结果表明:天然沸石的氨氮吸附率随沸石粒径、氨氮初始质量浓度增大逐渐降低,而随沸石用量增大和反应时间延长逐渐升高;氯化钠改性沸石的氨氮吸附效果明显优于无机酸和无机碱改性沸石,以及其他无机盐改性沸石,当氯化钠浓度为0.8 mol/L时,氨氮吸附率达78.0%,是天然沸石的1.64倍。

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王亚兰(1986—),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为铀矿冶辐射防护和环境保护。

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王亚兰(1986—),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为铀矿冶辐射防护和环境保护。

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王亚兰(1986—),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为铀矿冶辐射防护和环境保护。

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journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295845754155106, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=38, issue=3, pageStart=75, pageEnd=79, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=张家利, 张翠玲, 党瑞, journalName=环境科学与管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张家利, 张翠玲, 党瑞. 沸石在废水处理中的应用研究进展[J]. 环境科学与管理, 2013, 38(3):75-79., articleTitle=沸石在废水处理中的应用研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172888039014678810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295845754155106, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=38, issue=3, pageStart=75, pageEnd=79, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=ZHANG Jiali, ZHANG Cuiling, DANG Rui, journalName=Environmental Science and Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Jiali, ZHANG Cuiling, DANG Rui. 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Water Purification Technology, 2019, 38(4):59-64., articleTitle=Optimized modification of zeolite for ammonia-nitrogen removal from aqueous solution, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1172888035206250719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295845754155106, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172888035210445024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295845754155106, companyId=1172888035206250719, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC, Beijing 101149, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172888035218833633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295845754155106, companyId=1172888035206250719, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 核工业北京化工冶金研究院,北京 101149)]), AuthorCompany(id=1172888035294331106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295845754155106, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172888035298525411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295845754155106, companyId=1172888035294331106, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 The Fourth Research and Design Engineering Co., Ltd., CNNC, Shijiazhuang 050021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172888035319496932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295845754155106, companyId=1172888035294331106, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中核第四研究设计工程有限公司,河北 石家庄 050021)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1172888038062571789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295845754155106, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effect of zeolite particle size on adsorption rate of ammonia nitrogen, figureFileSmall=84iHV6kBoiHZcscsPmXPfQ==, figureFileBig=eODj6HIBZLhWl8kw94MQKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888038121292046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295845754155106, language=CN, label=图1, caption=天然沸石粒径对氨氮吸附率的影响, figureFileSmall=84iHV6kBoiHZcscsPmXPfQ==, figureFileBig=eODj6HIBZLhWl8kw94MQKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888038196789519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295845754155106, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of zeolite dosage on adsorption rate of ammonia nitrogen, figureFileSmall=/5mExvwJmMQOEd+AOCq7kg==, figureFileBig=ne+XWT5D7vJOi54RaEghkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888038280675600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295845754155106, language=CN, label=图2, caption=天然沸石用量对氨氮吸附率的影响, figureFileSmall=/5mExvwJmMQOEd+AOCq7kg==, figureFileBig=ne+XWT5D7vJOi54RaEghkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888038381338897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295845754155106, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of zeolite reaction time on adsorption rate of ammonia nitrogen, figureFileSmall=Hx3mWSd4o/zcXg1qFrJSAQ==, figureFileBig=D96pFnIvoraSyBhm/K0wFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888038444253458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295845754155106, language=CN, label=图3, caption=反应时间对氨氮吸附率的影响, figureFileSmall=Hx3mWSd4o/zcXg1qFrJSAQ==, figureFileBig=D96pFnIvoraSyBhm/K0wFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888038507168019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295845754155106, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of initial ammonia nitrogen concentration on adsorption rate of ammonia nitrogen, figureFileSmall=O5pZAyDEIKar3fRSqJQkSw==, figureFileBig=NtQGZpGTUnKvahBcHMek6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888038570082580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295845754155106, language=CN, label=图4, caption=氨氮初始质量浓度对氨氮吸附率的影响, figureFileSmall=O5pZAyDEIKar3fRSqJQkSw==, figureFileBig=NtQGZpGTUnKvahBcHMek6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888038624608533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295845754155106, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of concentration of inorganic acid,inorganic alkaline or inorganic salt on ammonia nitrogen adsorption rate of modified zeolite, figureFileSmall=VFXpkIUEgZJ1Ny+djL3FkA==, figureFileBig=J9VVK2bET1LwV+naMzSjHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888038687523094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295845754155106, language=CN, label=图5, caption=无机酸、无机碱或无机盐浓度对改性沸石吸附氨氮的影响

—◆—天然沸石;—■—盐酸改性沸石;—▲—硫酸改性沸石;—×—硝酸改性沸石;—★—氢氧化钠改性沸石;—◇—氢氧化钾改性沸石;—▼—氯化钠改性沸石;—○—氯化钙改性沸石;—●—氯化钾改性沸石。

, figureFileSmall=VFXpkIUEgZJ1Ny+djL3FkA==, figureFileBig=J9VVK2bET1LwV+naMzSjHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888038725271831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295845754155106, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Main chemical composition of natural zeolite %

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO K2O Na2O 其他
75.02 12.35 0.46 3.65 0.83 1.72 1.6 4.37
), ArticleFig(id=1172888038779797784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295845754155106, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

天然沸石的主要化学组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO K2O Na2O 其他
75.02 12.35 0.46 3.65 0.83 1.72 1.6 4.37
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天然沸石及改性沸石对废水中氨氮吸附性能的对比研究
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王亚兰 1 , 牛洁 1 , 冀东 2 , 肖锐 1 , 宋旺旺 2
湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025,44(3): 406-411
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湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025, 44(3): 406-411
天然沸石及改性沸石对废水中氨氮吸附性能的对比研究
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王亚兰1, 牛洁1, 冀东2, 肖锐1, 宋旺旺2
作者信息
  • 1 核工业北京化工冶金研究院,北京 101149
  • 2 中核第四研究设计工程有限公司,河北 石家庄 050021
  • 王亚兰(1986—),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为铀矿冶辐射防护和环境保护。

Comparative Study on Adsorption Performance of Natural and Modified Zeolites for Ammonia Nitrogen in Wastewater
Yalan WANG1, Jie NIU1, Dong JI2, Rui XIAO1, Wangwang SONG2
Affiliations
  • 1 Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC, Beijing 101149, China
  • 2 The Fourth Research and Design Engineering Co., Ltd., CNNC, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
出版时间: 2025-06-20 doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.03.015
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针对天然沸石因内部存在大量杂质导致其离子交换吸附性能较低,无法有效吸附废水中氨氮问题,研究了采用无机酸、无机碱和无机盐等对天然沸石进行改性,考察了天然沸石在不同氨氮初始质量浓度、沸石粒径、沸石用量、反应时间条件下对氨氮吸附性能的影响,对比了不同改性条件下的沸石对氨氮的吸附效果。结果表明:天然沸石的氨氮吸附率随沸石粒径、氨氮初始质量浓度增大逐渐降低,而随沸石用量增大和反应时间延长逐渐升高;氯化钠改性沸石的氨氮吸附效果明显优于无机酸和无机碱改性沸石,以及其他无机盐改性沸石,当氯化钠浓度为0.8 mol/L时,氨氮吸附率达78.0%,是天然沸石的1.64倍。

天然沸石  /  改性  /  氯化钠  /  吸附  /  废水  /  氨  /  氮

To address the issue of low ion exchange adsorption performance of natural zeolite caused by the presence of impurities, which makes it ineffective in adsorbing ammonia nitrogen in wastewater, the modification of natural zeolite using inorganic acids, inorganic bases, and inorganic salts was studied. The effects of different initial ammonia nitrogen mass concentration, zeolite particle size, zeolite dosage and reaction time on ammonia nitrogen adsorption performance of natural zeolite were investigated. The adsorption effects of zeolite under different modification conditions on ammonia nitrogen were compared. The results indicate that the ammonia nitrogen adsorption rate of natural zeolite gradually decreases with the increase of zeolite particle size and initial ammonia nitrogen mass concentration, and gradually increases with the increase of zeolite dosage and reaction time. The ammonia nitrogen adsorption effect of zeolite modified by sodium chloride is significantly better than that of zeolite modified by inorganic acids and inorganic bases, as well as other inorganic salts. When the sodium chloride concentration is 0.8 mol/L, the ammonia nitrogen adsorption rate can reach 78.0%, which is 1.64 times that of natural zeolite.

natural zeolite  /  modification  /  sodium chloride  /  adsorption  /  wastewater  /  ammonia  /  nitrogen
王亚兰, 牛洁, 冀东, 肖锐, 宋旺旺. 天然沸石及改性沸石对废水中氨氮吸附性能的对比研究. 湿法冶金, 2025 , 44 (3) : 406 -411 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.03.015
Yalan WANG, Jie NIU, Dong JI, Rui XIAO, Wangwang SONG. Comparative Study on Adsorption Performance of Natural and Modified Zeolites for Ammonia Nitrogen in Wastewater[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2025 , 44 (3) : 406 -411 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.03.015
沸石是一种架状结构的含水多孔硅铝酸盐矿物[1],因具有比表面积较大、吸附位点较多等特点,对废水中的氨氮具有良好的物理吸附和离子交换性能[2-3],在污水处理领域应用广泛[4]。天然沸石中内部含有大量杂质,易导致其离子交换吸附性能低于预期效果,为使沸石材料得到高效利用,提高其对污染物的去除率,通常需对天然沸石进行改性[5]。但目前,针对不同天然沸石改性方法的对比研究尚有不足,因此进行相关研究对于高效去除废水中氨氮具有重要意义。
试验研究了某天然沸石对废水中氨氮的吸附性能,考察了沸石粒径、沸石用量、反应时间及氨氮初始质量浓度对吸附的影响,确定了最佳吸附条件。进一步用无机酸、无机碱、无机盐分别对该天然沸石加以改性,探讨了不同改性沸石对氨氮的吸附性能,并与天然沸石进行对比分析,以期探索可行高效的沸石改性方法,为工业废水处理中氨氮去除能力提升提供技术支持。
废水为某制药厂工艺废水,其氨氮质量浓度为40~50 mg/L,COD质量浓度为200~300 mg/L,pH为7.0~7.5。
试验用天然沸石取自广西,样品经破碎、研磨后过筛,备用。其主要化学组成见表1
试剂:盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氯化铵、氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化钙,均为分析纯。
仪器:YC-R50型恒温振荡器,800型低速离心机,JJ224BF型精密和分析天平,722SP型可见分光光度计,PHSJ-3F型pH计,烧杯(50、100、250、1 000 mL)、玻璃棒,漏斗,滤纸。
无机酸改性沸石:取一定粒径的天然沸石20 g,分别投入浓度为0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、1.0和1.5 mol/L的200 mL盐酸、硫酸或硝酸溶液中处理2 h;在搅拌速度150 r/min、温度20 ℃条件下振荡8 h;之后过滤,滤渣在烘箱中于105 ℃下烘干2 h,取出,冷却至室温,密封保存,备用。
无机碱改性沸石:取一定粒径的天然沸石20 g,分别投入浓度为0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、1.0和1.5 mol/L的200 mL氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾溶液中处理2 h;在搅拌速度150 r/min、温度20 ℃条件下振荡8 h;之后过滤,滤渣在烘箱中于105 ℃下烘干2 h,取出,冷却至室温,密封保存,备用。
无机盐改性沸石:取一定粒径的天然沸石20 g,分别投入浓度为0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、1.0和1.5 mol/L的200 mL氯化钠、氯化钙或氯化钾溶液中处理2 h;在搅拌速度150 r/min、温度20 ℃条件下振荡8 h;之后过滤,滤渣在烘箱中于105 ℃下烘干2 h,取出,冷却至室温,密封保存,备用。
天然沸石吸附氨氮:室温下,取一定量不同粒径的天然沸石,投入到100 mL一定氨氮质量浓度的溶液中,在搅拌速度为150 r/min下反应一定时间;之后过滤,用纳氏试剂比色法[6]测定滤液中氨氮浓度,计算氨氮吸附率,考察沸石粒径、沸石用量、反应时间及氨氮初始质量浓度等试验参数对天然沸石的氨氮吸附性能,确定最佳试验条件。
改性沸石吸附氨氮:室温下,分别用无机酸(盐酸、硫酸或硝酸)、无机碱(氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾)、无机盐(氯化钠、氯化钙或氯化钾)改性沸石吸附溶液中的氨氮;之后过滤,用纳氏试剂比色法[6]测定滤液中氨氮浓度,计算氨氮吸附率,对比考察改性沸石和天然沸石对氨氮的吸附性能。
氨氮吸附率x按照式(1)计算。
x = ρ 0 - ρ 1 ρ 0 × 100 %
式中:ρ0—处理前废水中氨氮质量浓度,mg/L;ρ1—吸附尾液中氨氮质量浓度,mg/L。
称取粒径分别为0.5~1、1~2、2~3、3~5 mm的天然沸石各10 g,分别加入到100 mL质量浓度为40~50 mg/L的氨氮溶液中,在搅拌速度150 r/min下搅拌2 h,考察天然沸石粒径对氨氮吸附率的影响,试验结果如图1所示。
图1看出:随天然沸石粒径减小,氨氮吸附率由25.6%逐渐升至46.9%,这是由于粒径减小,材料比表面积增大,天然沸石与氨氮的接触面积增加,有利于氨氮吸附率提升[7];沸石粒径由0.5~1 mm增至1~2 mm,氨氮吸附率降低4.8%;粒径由1~2 mm增至2~3 mm,氨氮吸附率降低9.3%。说明随粒径增大,天然沸石对氨氮的吸附率降低幅度逐渐增大,该变化趋势与文献[5]中天然沸石粒径对氨氮的吸附率变化趋势基本一致。考虑到1~2 mm 相比0.5~1 mm更易于操作,确定最佳粒径为1~2 mm。
分别称取5、10、15、20、25、30和35 g粒径为1~2 mm的天然沸石,分别加入到100 mL 质量浓度为40~50 mg/L的氨氮溶液中,在搅拌速度150 r/min下搅拌2 h,考察天然沸石用量对氨氮吸附率的影响,试验结果如图2所示。
图2看出,随天然沸石用量增加,氨氮吸附率呈升高趋势:沸石用量小于20 g时,氨氮吸附率处于31.5%~45.9%之间,吸附率升高幅度较大;而天然沸石用量大于20 g后,氨氮吸附率增幅不明显。这是因为在一定浓度氨氮废水中,随天然沸石用量增加,其提供的吸附位点数量增加,导致对氨氮的单位吸附量降低[8]。综合考虑经济成本,确定后续试验沸石用量取20 g为宜。
称取粒径为1~2 mm的天然沸石20 g,分别加入到100 mL质量浓度为40~50 mg/L的氨氮溶液中,在搅拌速度150 r/min下搅拌吸附0.5、1、1.5、2、2.5、3、3.5、4 h,考察吸附时间对氨氮吸附率的影响,试验结果如图3所示。
图3看出,随反应时间延长,氨氮吸附率从26.9%升至45.2%;反应时间小于2 h时,氨氮吸附率随反应时间延长而显著升高;反应时间大于2 h后,氨氮吸附率虽有小幅波动,但整体趋于平稳,说明此时天然沸石对氨氮的吸附逐渐趋于饱和,这是因为随反应时间延长,表面吸附位点大多被占用,后续可利用的吸附位点逐渐减少,同时溶液中氨氮浓度也在降低,浓度梯度驱动力减小,因此吸附速度明显减缓[9]。综合考虑,确定反应时间以2 h为宜。
称取8份粒径为1~2 mm的天然沸石20 g,分别加入100 mL氨氮初始质量浓度为20、40、60、80、100、120、140和160 mg/L的氨氮溶液中,在搅拌速度150 r/min条件下反应2 h,考察氨氮初始质量浓度对氨氮吸附率的影响,试验结果如图4所示。
图4看出:氨氮吸附率随氨氮初始质量浓度增大而升高,并在初始质量浓度增至60 mg/L时,达最大,为47.7%;随氨氮初始质量浓度继续增大,氨氮吸附率逐渐降低,这可能是因为溶液与沸石表面氨氮浓度差形成了固液两相间传质吸附推动力,当废水氨氮初始质量浓度增大时,该吸附推动力随氨氮浓度增大而增大,但沸石提供的吸附位点有限,因此造成吸附率下降[10]。初始质量浓度为克服液相与固相之间的传质阻力提供了重要的推动力,因此氨氮初始质量浓度升高有利于提高沸石的吸附性能,但初始质量浓度过高时,吸附率反而会大幅降低。因此,综合考虑,在氨氮初始质量浓度为60 mg/L进行试验为宜。
取粒径为1~2 mm的天然沸石,按照1.3.1制备不同浓度的无机酸、无机碱或无机盐改性沸石。分别取不同改性沸石20 g,分别加入到100 mL质量浓度为60 mg/L的氨氮溶液中,在搅拌速度150 r/min条件下反应2 h,对比分析无机酸、无机碱或无机盐浓度对改性沸石吸附氨氮的影响,试验结果如图5所示,其中横坐标分别为无机酸、无机碱或无机盐改性剂浓度。
图5看出:3种无机酸改性沸石的氨氮吸附率顺序为盐酸改性沸石>硫酸改性沸石>硝酸改性沸石;而除盐酸浓度处于0.1~0.5 mol/L之间时所制备改性沸石对氨氮的吸附率略高于天然沸石的氨氮吸附率外,其他各浓度的碳酸和硝酸所制备改性沸石的氨氮吸附率均明显低于天然沸石。分析原因可能是无机酸浓度较低时,氢离子能置换沸石晶体内部的阳离子,从而拓宽孔道内部空间,使空隙中杂质有效去除,氨氮吸附率提升;但无机酸浓度较高时,沸石内部的晶体结构会发生明显变化,导致氨氮吸附率降低[11]。可见,无机酸浓度变化对相应的改性沸石的氨氮吸附率的影响不明显,且与天然沸石的氨氮吸附率相比也没有明显提升。
图5还可看出:无机碱改性沸石的氨氮吸附率明显大于天然沸石的氨氮吸附率,氢氧化钠改性沸石的氨氮吸附效果优于氢氧化钾改性沸石;2种无机碱改性沸石的氨氮吸附率均呈先升高后缓慢降低趋势,改性沸石的氨氮吸附率峰值出现时,氢氧化钾浓度略高于氢氧化钠,氢氧化钠改性沸石的最大氨氮吸附率为天然沸石的1.44倍;无机碱浓度增至0.7~0.9 mol/L时,氨氮吸附率开始呈现降低趋势。分析原因可能是低浓度的无机碱使沸石的硅铝比减小,从而提高了相关离子交换性能,说明钠或钾离子被引入沸石孔道中,有利于沸石对氨氮的吸附;而高浓度的无机碱则会对沸石原有内部结构造成一定破坏,改变其微孔吸附状态,在一定程度上降低氨氮吸附率。可见,经过2种不同浓度无机碱改性后的沸石对废水中氨氮吸附性能与天然沸石相比均有明显提升,其中氢氧化钠最佳改性浓度为0.7 mol/L,此时相应的改性沸石的氨氮吸附率可达最大,为天然沸石的1.44倍。
图5还可看出:3种无机盐改性沸石中,氯化钠、氯化钾改性沸石的氨氮吸附效果均优于天然沸石,且前者高于后者,而氯化钙改性沸石的吸附效果较差;3种无机盐改性沸石的氨氮吸附率均呈先升高后降低趋势,当氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化钙浓度分别为0.8、0.7、0.4 mol/L时,相应的改性沸石对氨氮的吸附率最大值分别为78.0%、70.8%、59.7%,是天然沸石氨氮吸附率的1.64、1.49和1.26倍。分析原因可能是天然沸石经不同无机盐改性后,改性沸石阳离子交换容量存在一定差异,导致氨氮吸附率不同[12];此外,天然沸石经改性后成为了钠型沸石,钠离子置换了沸石原有的部分钙离子,起到了平衡硅氧四面体上负电荷的作用,由于在层间溶剂作用下可剥离成为更薄的单晶片,使沸石内表面积增大,从而显著提高天然沸石对氨氮的吸附性能[13]。可见,经过不同浓度的氯化钠、氯化钾改性后的沸石对废水中氨氮吸附性能均显著增强,氯化钠最佳改性浓度为0.8 mol/L,此时其改性沸石氨氮吸附率达最大值,为天然沸石的1.64倍。
分别采用天然沸石和不同浓度的无机酸、无机碱、无机盐改性沸石吸附废水中氨氮时,在沸石粒径1~2 mm、沸石用量20 g、搅拌速度150 r/min、吸附反应时间2 h、氨氮初始质量浓度60 mg/L条件下,氯化钠改性沸石对氨氮的吸附率相对最高,当氯化钠浓度为0.8 mol/L时,氨氮吸附率可达78.0%,是天然沸石的1.64倍。氯化钠改性沸石在废水中氨氮等污染物的去除方面效果较好,为相关行业提供了一种可选择的吸附材料。
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2025年第44卷第3期
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doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.03.015
  • 接收时间:2024-12-16
  • 首发时间:2025-09-01
  • 出版时间:2025-06-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-16
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    1 核工业北京化工冶金研究院,北京 101149
    2 中核第四研究设计工程有限公司,河北 石家庄 050021
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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