Article(id=1169295843128520795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1169295841580819245, articleNumber=1009-2617(2025)03-0294-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.03.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735488000000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1756711453468, onlineDateStr=2025-09-01, pubDate=1750348800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1756711453468, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-01, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1756711453468, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756711453468, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1169295841580819245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2025', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='283', pageEnd='431', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1756711453097, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756711962360, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1169297977647571041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1169295841580819245, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1169297977647571042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1169295841580819245, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=294, endPage=300, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1169295843329847388, articleId=1169295843128520795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Mineral Characteristics of Scheelite Hydrochloric Acid Decomposition Residue, columnId=1152626641181700664, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Experiment Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The chemical composition, phase composition, and occurrence state of the main minerals in scheelite hydrochloric acid decomposition residue were systematically studied by a comprehensive mineral analysis system (TIMA), X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other methods. The results indicate that the mineral particles in the hydrochloric acid decomposition residue of scheelite exhibit euhedral to subhedral to anhedral blocky structures. The primary phases identified are tungstic acid, fluorite, quartz, cassiterite, pyrite, molybdenite, arsenopyrite, and vivianite, with their respective mass fractions being 66.93%, 28.22%, 1.12%, 1.26%, 0.3%, 0.07%, 0.2%, and 0.04%. The grain size of tungstic acid is above 110 μm, while the grain sizes of fluorite, quartz, cassiterite, pyrite, molybdenite, and arsenopyrite are mainly concentrated between 5~20 μm. These particles are relatively fine and are either closely intergrown with tungstic acid or encapsulated by it.

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以白钨盐酸分解渣作为研究对象,采用综合矿物分析系统(TIMA)、X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等方式分析了其化学成分、物相组成及主要矿物的赋存状态。结果表明:白钨盐酸分解渣中矿物颗粒呈自形-半自形-它形块状结构,其主要物相为钨酸、萤石、石英、锡石、黄铁矿、辉钼矿、毒砂、蓝铁矿,质量分数分别为66.93%、28.22%、1.12%、1.26%、0.3%、0.07%、0.2%、0.04%;钨酸嵌布粒度为110 μm以上,而萤石、石英、锡石、黄铁矿、辉钼矿、毒砂矿石嵌布粒度主要集中在5~20 μm之间,颗粒较细且与钨酸紧密镶嵌或被钨酸包裹。

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梁勇(1979—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为稀有金属冶金。

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梁勇(1979—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为稀有金属冶金。

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梁勇(1979—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为稀有金属冶金。

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url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=徐国钻, 张代彬, 黄成龙, journalName=湿法冶金, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐国钻, 张代彬, 黄成龙, 等. 用HCl-H2SO4协同分解白钨矿试验研究[J]. 湿法冶金, 2025, 44(1):45-51., articleTitle=用HCl-H2SO4协同分解白钨矿试验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172888187564340141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295843128520795, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=44, issue=1, pageStart=45, pageEnd=51, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=XU Guozuan, ZHANG Daibin, HUANG Chenglong, journalName=Hydrometallurgy of China, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU Guozuan, ZHANG Daibin, HUANG Chenglong, et al. 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figureFileBig=URwFAe3D49VglEcwaFY7NQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888185119060860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295843128520795, language=CN, label=图1, caption=白钨盐酸分解渣的XRD图谱, figureFileSmall=bKu3AP+tMBNK3fmYMq1fOA==, figureFileBig=URwFAe3D49VglEcwaFY7NQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888185181975422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295843128520795, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=TIMA analysis result of scheelite hydrochloric acid decomposition residue, figureFileSmall=7fUpFbgD8cXq/bYp6AZseg==, figureFileBig=XJsUTgJisMYYvyz+Cj+67w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888185274250112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295843128520795, language=CN, label=图2, caption=白钨盐酸分解渣的TIMA分析结果, figureFileSmall=7fUpFbgD8cXq/bYp6AZseg==, figureFileBig=XJsUTgJisMYYvyz+Cj+67w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888185341358978, 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295843128520795, language=CN, label=图4, caption=白钨盐酸分解渣中SiO2的嵌布关系, figureFileSmall=d8TnwzknhG/t5Mr17Ya2PQ==, figureFileBig=FpZE5EL419N6Z6HLcGO+pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888185605600135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295843128520795, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Intercalation relationship of SnO2 in scheelite hydrochloric acid decomposition residue, figureFileSmall=UWn/Vrl6Jqvdq/PqruT8eA==, figureFileBig=HqqKwBxB+ZOrFWBK4v53hQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888185672709001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295843128520795, language=CN, label=图5, caption=白钨盐酸分解渣中SnO2的嵌布关系, figureFileSmall=UWn/Vrl6Jqvdq/PqruT8eA==, figureFileBig=HqqKwBxB+ZOrFWBK4v53hQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888185744012170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, 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articleId=1169295843128520795, language=CN, label=图7, caption=白钨盐酸分解渣中MoS2的嵌布关系, figureFileSmall=T9+n2sQP6rykCcq73XVQiw==, figureFileBig=P+CJ3wxCEPI7ZTV7bevxhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888186054390672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295843128520795, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Intercalation relationship of FeAsS in scheelite hydrochloric acid decomposition residue, figureFileSmall=vBdpVNpMmzXyeG/N53RkgA==, figureFileBig=V0LKfUf8sDNLTit7uxaXZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888186113110930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295843128520795, language=CN, label=图8, caption=白钨盐酸分解渣中FeAsS的嵌布关系, figureFileSmall=vBdpVNpMmzXyeG/N53RkgA==, figureFileBig=V0LKfUf8sDNLTit7uxaXZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172888186163442579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295843128520795, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

XRF analysis result of scheelite hydrochloric acid decomposition residue %

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
O F Al Si P S Cl Ca Ti Fe
26.82 10 0.139 0.273 0.131 0.138 0.17 18.6 0.022 0.263
Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Sn I Ta W
0.005 0.014 0.025 0.047 0.025 0.098 0.035 0.037 39.95
), ArticleFig(id=1172888186230551444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295843128520795, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

白钨盐酸分解渣的XRF分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
O F Al Si P S Cl Ca Ti Fe
26.82 10 0.139 0.273 0.131 0.138 0.17 18.6 0.022 0.263
Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Sn I Ta W
0.005 0.014 0.025 0.047 0.025 0.098 0.035 0.037 39.95
), ArticleFig(id=1172888186314437526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295843128520795, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Phase composition and content of scheelite hydrochloric acid decomposition residue

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矿物名称 wB/% 矿物名称 wB/%
钨酸(H2WO4) 66.93 辉钼矿(MoS2) 0.07
萤石(CaF2) 28.22 毒砂(FeAsS) 0.20
锡石(SnO2) 1.26 蓝铁矿(FePO4) 0.04
黄铁矿(FeS2) 0.30 硅酸盐 1.70
石英(SiO2) 1.12 其他 0.16
), ArticleFig(id=1172888186431878040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295843128520795, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

白钨盐酸分解渣的物相组成及含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矿物名称 wB/% 矿物名称 wB/%
钨酸(H2WO4) 66.93 辉钼矿(MoS2) 0.07
萤石(CaF2) 28.22 毒砂(FeAsS) 0.20
锡石(SnO2) 1.26 蓝铁矿(FePO4) 0.04
黄铁矿(FeS2) 0.30 硅酸盐 1.70
石英(SiO2) 1.12 其他 0.16
), ArticleFig(id=1172888186507375514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295843128520795, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Particle size distribution of different minerals in scheelite hydrochloric acid decomposition residue

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒度/μm 分布率/%
萤石 石英 锡石 黄铁矿 辉钼矿 毒砂 钨酸
-5 9.53 4.21 7.6 5.99 1.86 3.46 1.27
-10 ~ +5 38.91 45.52 45.96 43.77 23.1 47.29 10.93
-20 ~ +10 26.92 40.22 33.18 35.35 37.59 33.85 12.66
-30 ~ +20 18.49 8.91 12.35 12.53 37.43 15.38 16.12
-40 ~ +30 3.00 1.11 0.89 2.33 5.44
-50 ~ +40 1.88 5.28
-110 ~ +50 1.22 18.19
+110 30.08
), ArticleFig(id=1172888186574484380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295843128520795, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

白钨盐酸分解渣中不同矿物的粒度分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒度/μm 分布率/%
萤石 石英 锡石 黄铁矿 辉钼矿 毒砂 钨酸
-5 9.53 4.21 7.6 5.99 1.86 3.46 1.27
-10 ~ +5 38.91 45.52 45.96 43.77 23.1 47.29 10.93
-20 ~ +10 26.92 40.22 33.18 35.35 37.59 33.85 12.66
-30 ~ +20 18.49 8.91 12.35 12.53 37.43 15.38 16.12
-40 ~ +30 3.00 1.11 0.89 2.33 5.44
-50 ~ +40 1.88 5.28
-110 ~ +50 1.22 18.19
+110 30.08
), ArticleFig(id=1172888186633204638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295843128520795, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Energy spectrum analysis results of cassiterite chemical components %

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
W Ca O F Sn
22.56 1.03 69.5 7.49 0.45
), ArticleFig(id=1172888186687730591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295843128520795, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

锡石化学成分的能谱分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
W Ca O F Sn
22.56 1.03 69.5 7.49 0.45
), ArticleFig(id=1172888186805171104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295843128520795, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Energy spectrum analysis results of pyrite chemical components %

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样点 W Ca O F Fe S
1 21.68 2.35 42.39 0.13 8.68 24.73
2 27.06 3.511 60.58 4.37 2.67 1.78
), ArticleFig(id=1172888186897445794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1169295843128520795, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

黄铁矿化学成分能谱分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样点 W Ca O F Fe S
1 21.68 2.35 42.39 0.13 8.68 24.73
2 27.06 3.511 60.58 4.37 2.67 1.78
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白钨盐酸分解渣工艺矿物学研究
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梁勇 1, 2 , 刘寅亮 2 , 蒲婷 2 , 陈赞鸿 2
湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025,44(3): 294-300
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湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025, 44(3): 294-300
白钨盐酸分解渣工艺矿物学研究
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梁勇1, 2, 刘寅亮2, 蒲婷2, 陈赞鸿2
作者信息
  • 1 战略有色金属绿色低碳冶金江西省重点实验室,江西 赣州 341000
  • 2 江西理工大学 冶金工程学院,江西 赣州 341000
  • 梁勇(1979—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为稀有金属冶金。

Mineral Characteristics of Scheelite Hydrochloric Acid Decomposition Residue
Yong LIANG1, 2, Yinliang LIU2, Ting PU2, Zanhong CHEN2
Affiliations
  • 1 Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Green and Low Carbon Metallurgy for Strategic Nonferrous Metals, Ganzhou 341000, China
  • 2 School of Metallurgical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
出版时间: 2025-06-20 doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.03.002
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以白钨盐酸分解渣作为研究对象,采用综合矿物分析系统(TIMA)、X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等方式分析了其化学成分、物相组成及主要矿物的赋存状态。结果表明:白钨盐酸分解渣中矿物颗粒呈自形-半自形-它形块状结构,其主要物相为钨酸、萤石、石英、锡石、黄铁矿、辉钼矿、毒砂、蓝铁矿,质量分数分别为66.93%、28.22%、1.12%、1.26%、0.3%、0.07%、0.2%、0.04%;钨酸嵌布粒度为110 μm以上,而萤石、石英、锡石、黄铁矿、辉钼矿、毒砂矿石嵌布粒度主要集中在5~20 μm之间,颗粒较细且与钨酸紧密镶嵌或被钨酸包裹。

白钨盐酸分解渣  /  TIMA  /  矿物特性  /  物相组成

The chemical composition, phase composition, and occurrence state of the main minerals in scheelite hydrochloric acid decomposition residue were systematically studied by a comprehensive mineral analysis system (TIMA), X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other methods. The results indicate that the mineral particles in the hydrochloric acid decomposition residue of scheelite exhibit euhedral to subhedral to anhedral blocky structures. The primary phases identified are tungstic acid, fluorite, quartz, cassiterite, pyrite, molybdenite, arsenopyrite, and vivianite, with their respective mass fractions being 66.93%, 28.22%, 1.12%, 1.26%, 0.3%, 0.07%, 0.2%, and 0.04%. The grain size of tungstic acid is above 110 μm, while the grain sizes of fluorite, quartz, cassiterite, pyrite, molybdenite, and arsenopyrite are mainly concentrated between 5~20 μm. These particles are relatively fine and are either closely intergrown with tungstic acid or encapsulated by it.

scheelite hydrochloric acid decomposition residue  /  TIMA  /  mineral characteristics  /  phase composition
梁勇, 刘寅亮, 蒲婷, 陈赞鸿. 白钨盐酸分解渣工艺矿物学研究. 湿法冶金, 2025 , 44 (3) : 294 -300 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.03.002
Yong LIANG, Yinliang LIU, Ting PU, Zanhong CHEN. Mineral Characteristics of Scheelite Hydrochloric Acid Decomposition Residue[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2025 , 44 (3) : 294 -300 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.03.002
钨是全球重要的战略金属,素有“工业牙齿”之称,更是“高端制造业的脊梁”。因其具有熔点高、密度大、硬度和耐磨性强等特性,广泛应用于国民经济和国防军工等领域[1-2]。我国是钨资源大国,约占全球钨资源储量的70%[3-6]。近年来,随着黑钨矿资源的日益枯竭,白钨矿(CaWO4)已成为我国钨冶炼的主要工业原料。
目前针对白钨矿的主要处理方式为传统的碱压煮—离子交换工艺[7-10]。该工艺因具有对钨矿原料适应性强、处理量大、金属收率高等优点,被国内众多钨冶炼企业所采用,但存在危废量大、废水量大及治理成本高等问题。为解决上述问题,相继研发出了多种钨冶炼新工艺[11-13],工艺虽有不断创新,但钨冶炼中间体主要仍以钨酸铵溶液蒸发结晶获取的仲钨酸铵(APT)产品为主,在此过程中不可避免产生氨尾气,易对环境造成污染,无法实现真正的绿色冶炼。有研究人员提出以钨酸代替APT的新思路[14],即根据 WO 4 2 -能与双氧水配合配位的特性,开发出“硫酸分解—双氧水萃取—热分解”工艺。该工艺全流程无氨/铵摄入,能较好解决传统钨冶炼产生的“三废”问题,同时大幅缩减冶炼流程;但因双氧水在高温下性质不稳定易分解,使得到的分解液无法循环使用,后续仍需大量补充,会导致生产成本增加。
通过前期调研和试验发现,草酸具有与双氧水相似的配合配位特性[15-16],能与 WO 4 2 -结合为易溶于水的H2[WO3(C2O4)·H2O],后续通过加热可从配合液中析出钨酸,且所得分解液能循环用于钨酸的萃取。因此,利用草酸代替双氧水可从源头上解决氨废气和氨氮废水的产生,降低生产成本,实现分解液或母液的闭路循环。另外,盐酸分解白钨矿的热力学趋势比硫酸更强,分解效率更优,且仅有钨酸一种固相产生,可初步实现钨与钙的分离[17-18]
用盐酸浸出白钨矿的产品主要为粗钨酸,与此同时,白钨矿原料中的钼、氟、磷、砷、硅等伴生元素在酸浸过程中也会不同程度地进入溶液,或聚集形成相对的独立相嵌布在钨酸上,影响后续钨酸产品纯度。因此,利用综合矿物分析系统(TIMA)对白钨盐酸分解渣进行了系统的矿物研究分析,以期探明白钨盐酸分解渣中各矿相组成和赋存状态,从而为后续含钨配合溶液的净化除杂及钨酸的制备提供理论指导。
白钨盐酸分解渣:取自江西省赣州市某钨冶炼厂。先采用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF,理学电企仪器(北京)有限公司,ZSX Primus Ⅱ)和转靶X射线衍射仪(日本理学,Rigaku D/max2550VB 18kW)表征白钨盐酸分解渣中的化学元素及物相组成,再采用综合矿物分析系统(TIMA)对其样品的嵌布粒度、矿相组成、元素分布进行系统研究。采用光薄片制片方式,将白钨盐酸分解渣与环氧树脂制备为直径2.5 cm的测试靶材,随后圈定待测的矿物颗粒,用TIMA进行面扫分析,在检测过程中采用点扫模式,其扫描区域范围为1 mm×1 mm,像素大小为2.5 μm,能谱扫描步长为7.5 μm。
采用XRF对白钨盐酸分解渣进行化学元素表征,结果见表1。可知,白钨盐酸分解渣的主要元素为W、O、Si、Sn、Ca、F、S、Fe,其中W、O、Ca、F含量较高。
采用XRD对白钨盐酸分解渣进行物相分析,结果如图1所示。可知,白钨盐酸分解渣的主要物相为钨酸和萤石(CaF2)。考虑到其他部分低含量矿物无法采用XRD进行表征,因此采用TIMA对于白钨盐酸分解渣各矿相进行系统表征和定量分析,以确定样品物相组成、成分含量等重要参数,结果如图2表2所示。
图2表2可知:白钨盐酸分解渣中主要物相为钨酸与氟化钙,这与上述XRD分析结果一致,占比分别为66.93%和28.22%;此外,渣中还存在部分氧化物,如二氧化硅、二氧化锡,占比分别为1.12%和1.26%;还有少许硫化物,如二硫化铁、二硫化钼,占比分别为0.30%和0.07%;其余物相主要为硅酸盐(以长石、黄玉、锆石、云母等)、毒砂、磷酸铁等,占比分别为1.70%、0.20%、0.04%。
采用TIMA对白钨盐酸分解渣中各类矿物的嵌布粒度进行测定与分析,结果见表3。可知,除钨酸外的其他矿物,其粒度累计分布在5~20 μm之间,其中5~10 μm的粒度分布率占40.75%,10~20 μm的粒度分布率占34.51%,说明其矿物粒度较细;而钨酸粒度分布较广,作为样品中主要的矿物相,在+110 μm粒度范围分布率最多,其占比为30.08%。
为了更加直观判断粗钨酸中各物相的分布特征及赋存状态,采用TIMA、扫描电镜对其除钨酸外其余具体物相(萤石、石英、锡石、黄铁矿、辉钼矿、毒砂)进行表征,但蓝铁矿因占比<0.05%,且受视域限制,辨识度较低,因此无法被TIMA清晰表征。
钙(Ca)作为白钨矿中的主要有价金属元素,主要以钨酸钙(CaWO4)、萤石(CaF2)、方解石(CaCO3)等矿物相赋存于白钨矿中[19-20]。由表2已知,白钨盐酸分解渣中主要含钙矿物相为CaF2,采用SEM、TIMA对样品中CaF2的嵌布关系及赋存状态进行系统分析,结果如图3所示。可知:样品中CaF2主要呈条状和不规则块状,聚集分布在钨酸介质之中,并与钨酸颗粒紧密镶嵌,嵌布粒度在5~30 μm之间,(如图3(a)~(d)所示);同时,部分CaF2与FeS2、SnO2呲邻连生(图3(b)、(d)),少部分CaF2以单体形式存在(图3(e)、(f))。
采用SEM、TIMA对样品中石英(SiO2)的嵌布关系及赋存状态进行系统分析,结果如图4所示。可知:SiO2颗粒多呈长柱形、菱形等不规则块状,其赋存状态具有显著差异性,部分SiO2被H2WO4包裹(图4(a)、(b)),H2WO4以浸染状嵌于SiO2颗粒边缘分布;部分SiO2以独立单体形式存在(图4(c)、(d))。剩余部分SiO2则与H2WO4(钨酸)和CaF2(氟化钙)紧密镶嵌,其中TIMA分析显示钨酸与氟化钙密集环绕于SiO2颗粒周边区域(图4(e)、(f))。
白钨矿原料中的锡主要有2种形态,即氧化物形态的锡石(SnO2)和硫化物形态的黝锡(Cu2FeSnS4)[19],通过TIMA检测结果已知白钨盐酸分解渣中主要含锡矿物相为SnO2,采用SEM、TIMA对样品中SnO2的嵌布关系及赋存状态进行系统分析,结果如图5所示。可知:SnO2主要呈斑块状和半自形状,表面较为平整光滑,嵌布粒度在5~20 μm之间;部分SnO2与H2WO4和CaF2紧密交织(图5(a)、(b));而部分嵌布粒度较细的SnO2与CaF2镶嵌(图5(c)、(d))。由于TIMA对于细颗粒扫描分辨率不高,无法清晰表征锡石周围所镶嵌的矿物(图5(e)、(f))。为此,后续采用EDS对细颗粒SnO2周围的物相进行表征,结果见表4。可知:外层物相中Sn含量较少,主要元素以W、O为主,由此推断包裹相为钨酸。
采用SEM、TIMA对白钨盐酸分解渣中黄铁矿(FeS2)的嵌布关系及赋存状态进行系统分析,结果如图6所示。可知:FeS2呈自形-半自形块状,少量FeS2以单体形式存在(图6(a)、(b)),颗粒表面平整光滑,边界较为平直;而部分FeS2则与H2WO4胶结或被H2WO4和CaF2包裹(图6(c)~(f)),且包裹边界不规则。此外,采用EDS对于黄铁矿样点1、2的外层包裹物相进行分析表征,结果见表5。可知:其主要元素为W、O,推断其最外层包裹相主要为钨酸。
白钨矿原料中的钼主要有2种形态,即氧化物形态钼酸钙(CaMoO4)和硫化物形态的辉钼矿(MoS2)。由表2已知,样品中含钼物相主要以MoS2为主[19-20],采用SEM、TIMA对样品中MoS2的嵌布关系及赋存状态进行系统分析,结果如图7所示。可知:MoS2呈它形块状,嵌布粒度主要分布在10~30 μm之间,大部分MoS2与H2WO4、CaF2相互侵蚀胶结(图7(a)~(d)),且胶结边界不清晰呈残余状分布,部分MoS2则被H2WO4包裹或被H2WO4侵蚀且呈浸染状分布(图7(e)、(f))。
白钨矿中的砷主要呈毒砂(FeAsS)产出,其次以少量臭葱石产出,同时也有一部分砷以类质同象代替硫的形式赋存于FeS2等硫化物中[19]。由表2已知,在本样品中砷主要以FeAsS为主,采用SEM、TIMA对样品中FeAsS的嵌布关系及赋存状态进行系统分析,结果如图8所示。可知:FeAsS呈半自形-它形块状,其嵌布特征、赋存状态与上述矿物观察结果相似,主要与H2WO4、CaF2连生镶嵌或被H2WO4包裹(图8(a)~(f))。
1)白钨盐酸分解渣的主要物相为钨酸、萤石、石英、锡石、黄铁矿、辉钼矿、毒砂,占比分别为66.93%、28.22%、1.12%、1.26%、0.3%、0.07%、0.2%,除钨酸外,其他矿物嵌布粒度主要累计分布在5~20 μm之间,钨酸粒度主要分布在110 μm以上。
2)白钨盐酸分解渣中矿物特征主要呈自形-半自形-它形的块状结构,萤石与钨酸作为白钨盐酸分解渣的主要物相,分布较为广泛且紧密镶嵌,常包裹或与石英、锡石、黄铁矿、辉钼矿、毒砂紧密嵌合,形成复杂多样的矿物组合形态。
3)通过TIMA对于白钨盐酸分解渣的表征与分析,能判断白钨盐酸分解渣中各矿物相的赋存状态及分布特征,为后续草酸溶解钨酸过程中杂质的迁移行为及赋存状态提供理论依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52364046)
  • 江西省主要学科学术与技术带头人培养项目-领军人才项目(20243BCE51049)
  • 战略有色金属绿色低碳冶金江西省重点实验室项目(2024SSY11031)
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2025年第44卷第3期
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doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.03.002
  • 接收时间:2024-12-30
  • 首发时间:2025-09-01
  • 出版时间:2025-06-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-30
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(52364046)
江西省主要学科学术与技术带头人培养项目-领军人才项目(20243BCE51049)
战略有色金属绿色低碳冶金江西省重点实验室项目(2024SSY11031)
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    1 战略有色金属绿色低碳冶金江西省重点实验室,江西 赣州 341000
    2 江西理工大学 冶金工程学院,江西 赣州 341000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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