Article(id=1160646993631077336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109987349520431, articleNumber=1009-2617(2025)01-0017-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.01.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721664000000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1754649407059, onlineDateStr=2025-08-08, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1754649407059, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-08-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1754649407059, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1754649407059, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148109987349520431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2025', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='131', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751660351836, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758246034872, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1175732344108499276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109987349520431, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1175732344108499277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109987349520431, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=17, endPage=24, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1160646993828209626, articleId=1160646993631077336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Extraction of Vanadium from Stone Coal Vanadium Ore by Barium Salt Roasting—Acid Leaching Process, columnId=1152626641181700664, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Experiment Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Extracting vanadium from stone coal vanadium ore with sericite as the main material and vanadium in the form of isomorphic vanadium by barium salt roasting—acid leaching was studied. The effects of grinding fineness, dosage of barite, roasting temperature, roasting time, liquid volume to solid mass ratio, sulfuric acid dosage, leaching temperature and leaching time on vanadium leaching rate were investigated. The results show that the vanadium leaching rate can reach 89% under the conditions of grinding fineness of -200 meshes of 70%, barite content of 5%, roasting temperature of 850 ℃, roasting time of 16 h, liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 2.0, sulfuric acid dosage of 8%, leaching temperature of 25 ℃ and leaching time of 2 h. The leaching effect is good.

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顾天宇(1999—),男,硕士,助理工程师,主要研究方向为矿物资源综合利用与环境保护。E-mail:
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吴天骄(1983—),男,本科,高级工程师,主要研究方向为选矿。

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吴天骄(1983—),男,本科,高级工程师,主要研究方向为选矿。

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figureFileBig=aFY6VlEJsVOM4JPIvFQCGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174670845701144972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646993631077336, language=CN, label=图1, caption=磨矿细度对钒浸出率的影响, figureFileSmall=8YSRkBINbqpLIep74oZDeA==, figureFileBig=aFY6VlEJsVOM4JPIvFQCGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174670845743088013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646993631077336, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of different types of roasting additives on leaching rate of vanadium, figureFileSmall=xqJD1TjV11kRmPEdsx9j/A==, figureFileBig=o64vputQLAzmz1fMU/MqLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174670845793419662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646993631077336, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同种类焙烧添加剂对钒浸出率的影响, figureFileSmall=xqJD1TjV11kRmPEdsx9j/A==, figureFileBig=o64vputQLAzmz1fMU/MqLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174670845856334223, 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caption=石煤钒矿焙烧—浸出产物的钒价态分析结果, figureFileSmall=g7TOvdKBvM0JjKl86SU5UA==, figureFileBig=5ZGl7HY6SKSNHwVy6+r8Dg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174670847055905187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646993631077336, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Main chemical composition of stone coal vanadium ore %

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
V2O5 Al2O3 ΣFe SiO2 Na2O K2O CaO
0.85 3.10 2.60 77.22 0.05 1.03 1.21
MgO P2O5 Ba C S TiO2 LOI
0.71 0.69 0.36 0.64 0.12 0.21 3.22
), ArticleFig(id=1174670847139791268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646993631077336, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

石煤钒矿的主要化学组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
V2O5 Al2O3 ΣFe SiO2 Na2O K2O CaO
0.85 3.10 2.60 77.22 0.05 1.03 1.21
MgO P2O5 Ba C S TiO2 LOI
0.71 0.69 0.36 0.64 0.12 0.21 3.22
), ArticleFig(id=1174670847198511525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646993631077336, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Test results of Comprehensive condition

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验序号 钒浸出率/%
1 89.66
2 89.35
3 90.08
平均 89.70
), ArticleFig(id=1174670847265620390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646993631077336, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

综合条件试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验序号 钒浸出率/%
1 89.66
2 89.35
3 90.08
平均 89.70
), ArticleFig(id=1174670847328534951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646993631077336, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Chemical composition of leaching solution g/L

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
V(Ⅲ) V(Ⅳ) V(Ⅴ) Al(Ⅲ) Fe
0.90 1.58 7.42 2.03 2.54
), ArticleFig(id=1174670847416615336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646993631077336, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

浸出液的化学成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
V(Ⅲ) V(Ⅳ) V(Ⅴ) Al(Ⅲ) Fe
0.90 1.58 7.42 2.03 2.54
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石煤钒矿的钡盐焙烧—酸浸提钒工艺研究
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吴天骄 1, 2 , 康敏 1, 2 , 李和付 3 , 顾天宇 1, 2 , 郭拴全 1, 2 , 郭梅 1, 2 , 宁新霞 1, 2
湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025,44(1): 17-24
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湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025, 44(1): 17-24
石煤钒矿的钡盐焙烧—酸浸提钒工艺研究
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吴天骄1, 2, 康敏1, 2, 李和付3, 顾天宇1, 2 , 郭拴全1, 2, 郭梅1, 2, 宁新霞1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 西安西北有色地质研究院有限公司, 陕西 西安 710054
  • 2 陕西省矿产资源综合利用工程技术研究中心, 陕西 西安 710054
  • 3 山阳秦鼎矿业有限责任公司, 陕西 商洛 726403
  • 吴天骄(1983—),男,本科,高级工程师,主要研究方向为选矿。

通讯作者:

顾天宇(1999—),男,硕士,助理工程师,主要研究方向为矿物资源综合利用与环境保护。E-mail:
Extraction of Vanadium from Stone Coal Vanadium Ore by Barium Salt Roasting—Acid Leaching Process
Tianjiao WU1, 2, Min KANG1, 2, Hefu LI3, Tianyu GU1, 2 , Shuanquan GUO1, 2, Mei GUO1, 2, Xinxia NING1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 Xi'an Northwest Nonferrous Geological Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710054, China
  • 2 Shaanxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources, Xi'an 710054, China
  • 3 Shanyang Qinding Mining Co., Ltd., Shangluo 726403, China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.01.003
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针对含钒物相以绢云母为主、钒以类质同象形式赋存的石煤钒矿,研究了用重晶石焙烧—酸浸工艺从中提取钒,考察了磨矿细度、重晶石用量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间、液固体积质量比、硫酸用量、浸出温度及浸出时间对钒浸出率的影响。结果表明:石煤钒矿磨矿细度为-200目占比70%、重晶石用量5%、焙烧温度850 ℃、焙烧时间16 h、液固体积质量比2/1、硫酸用量8%、浸出温度25 ℃和浸出时间2 h条件下,钒浸出率可达89%以上,浸出效果较好。
石煤钒矿  /  焙烧  /  重晶石  /  提钒  /  酸浸

Extracting vanadium from stone coal vanadium ore with sericite as the main material and vanadium in the form of isomorphic vanadium by barium salt roasting—acid leaching was studied. The effects of grinding fineness, dosage of barite, roasting temperature, roasting time, liquid volume to solid mass ratio, sulfuric acid dosage, leaching temperature and leaching time on vanadium leaching rate were investigated. The results show that the vanadium leaching rate can reach 89% under the conditions of grinding fineness of -200 meshes of 70%, barite content of 5%, roasting temperature of 850 ℃, roasting time of 16 h, liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 2.0, sulfuric acid dosage of 8%, leaching temperature of 25 ℃ and leaching time of 2 h. The leaching effect is good.

stone coal vanadium ore  /  roasting  /  barite  /  extraction of vanadium  /  acid leaching
吴天骄, 康敏, 李和付, 顾天宇, 郭拴全, 郭梅, 宁新霞. 石煤钒矿的钡盐焙烧—酸浸提钒工艺研究. 湿法冶金, 2025 , 44 (1) : 17 -24 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.01.003
Tianjiao WU, Min KANG, Hefu LI, Tianyu GU, Shuanquan GUO, Mei GUO, Xinxia NING. Extraction of Vanadium from Stone Coal Vanadium Ore by Barium Salt Roasting—Acid Leaching Process[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2025 , 44 (1) : 17 -24 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.01.003
钒是一种重要的战略有色金属资源,在工业生产中占有重要地位,对国民经济的发展有重要影响[1-3]。我国是世界上钒储量与产量大国[4-6],在目前的高质量发展阶段对钒资源需求量日渐增大,因此提高钒资源利用效率具有重要意义。
石煤理化性质独特,且地域差异显著,不同区域的钒赋存状态及提取难度各异。石煤中以类质同象形式赋存于铝硅酸盐矿物中的钒含量较大,且提取难度偏大[7]。目前不同的提取工艺均聚焦于破坏铝硅酸盐矿物晶格结构以释放钒元素,典型工艺包括钠化焙烧[8-9]、复合添加剂焙烧[10]、无盐焙烧[11]、直接酸浸[12-13]、硫酸熟化[14-15]等。但随着我国环保标准要求日益严格,上述各方法显现出诸多弊端,如钠化焙烧因产生氯化氢、氯气等有害气体,已禁用;复合添加剂焙烧虽有效,但对废气控制提出更高要求,开发无废气污染的新型添加剂是该工艺的主流发展方向;无盐焙烧无需使用添加剂,生产过程中无废气产生,但钒浸出率低于添加剂焙烧法;直接酸浸工艺流程长,能耗低,酸耗量大,浸出液杂质较多,后续钒的富集难度较高;硫酸熟化工艺对温度要求较高,易腐蚀设备,目前的工艺体系尚不成熟。
由于石煤中含有一定量有机质,采用添加剂焙烧工艺提钒效率高于直接浸出工艺。钡盐作为焙烧添加剂应用于石煤钒矿提钒的相关研究较多,但目前多以工业硫酸钡为主。硫酸钡作为焙烧添加剂对于增强各类钒矿提钒作用显著,钒浸出率一般在75%~80%之间[16-17];但分解温度较高,通常为900~1 100 ℃,能耗较大且易导致石煤钒矿出现烧结,工艺控制困难。重晶石作为钡元素最为常见的矿物形态,其主要成分为天然的硫酸钡,比工业硫酸钡更具经济性,用作焙烧添加剂能有效降低焙烧温度,减少能耗,同时避免石煤钒矿在焙烧中出现烧结现象,减少有害气体生成,并能提高提钒效率。
试验针对陕西某云母型石煤钒矿,研究了采用重晶石焙烧—酸浸工艺提钒,旨在开发一种针对石煤钒矿的新型钡盐添加剂技术工艺,为从该类石煤钒矿中提钒提供一种新途径。
试验用矿石取自陕西省某石煤钒矿,以石英为主,含钒物相主要为绢云母,其中钒以类质同象形式赋存,以较难浸出的+3价形式存在,占82.64%。矿石样品在自然环境下晾干混匀后缩分备用,并从中取出代表性的矿样进行试验与理论分析。石煤钒矿的主要化学组成见表1。石煤钒矿中V2O5品位为0.85%。
主要设备:SGM2840型马弗炉(洛阳市西格马仪器制造有限公司),BHS-4型数显恒温水浴锅(上海垒固仪器有限公司),JJ-1型精密增力电动搅拌器(常州国华电器有限公司),SHZ-D(Ⅲ)型循环水式真空泵(天津华鑫仪器厂),智能型电热恒温鼓风干燥箱(琅玕实验设备有限公司)。
主要试剂:浓硫酸(分析纯,成都市科隆化学品有限公司),硫酸钡(分析纯,天津市恒兴化学试剂制造有限公司),氧化钙(分析纯,天津市恒兴化学试剂制造有限公司)氢氧化钠(分析纯,天津市恒兴化学试剂制造有限公司),重晶石(硫酸钡纯度>90%,陕西某钡盐厂)。
将石煤钒矿矿样磨矿至一定细度,称取一定质量矿样与焙烧添加剂重晶石混匀,加水造粒团球并烘干,置于瓷坩埚中,使用马弗炉在设定温度下焙烧一定时间,冷却后将焙砂破碎取样,测定V2O5品位。
称取200 g焙砂置于500 mL烧杯中,加入一定量水配制成矿浆,加入一定量浸出剂,对烧杯进行密封后放入水浴锅中恒温浸出,待浸出结束后过滤,测定浸出渣中钒品位,并计算钒浸出率η。计算公式[17]如下:
η=(1-$\frac{{m}_{2}{w}_{2}}{{m}_{1}{w}_{1}}$)×100%。
式中:η—钒浸出率,%;m1—焙砂质量,g;w1—焙砂中V2O5质量分数,%;m2—浸出渣质量,g;w2—浸出渣中V2O5质量分数,%。
石煤钒矿的化学组成复杂,其中通常含有铝、铁等金属氧化物。重晶石与石煤钒矿同为固体,但对其焙烧反应一般认为是在气固两相中进行的。重晶石在高温条件下会受热分解为BaO和SO3,部分BaO与石煤钒矿中的石英相结合生成硅钡渣,另一部分BaO与绢云母反应,破坏绢云母中稳定的八面体构型,释放类质同象形式的钒进入反应环境,V(Ⅲ)与V(Ⅳ)会被O2氧化为V(Ⅴ)。部分BaO与V(Ⅴ)反应生成可溶性钒酸盐,从而使得钒元素被硫酸浸出。气相中重晶石分解生成的SO3具有强氧化性,主要用以分解石煤钒矿中的有机质,增大石煤钒矿比表面积,使矿物变得疏松多孔,提高钒氧化效率。重晶石焙烧—酸浸提钒主要涉及的化学反应如下:

BaSO4═══════BaO+SO3↑;

C+2SO3═══════CO2+2SO2;

2KV2[AlSi3O10](OH)2+6BaO═══════K2O+Al2O3+6BaO·SiO2+2V2O3+2H2O;

V2O3·SiO2·4H2O+BaO═══════BaO·SiO2+V2O3+4H2O;

2V2O3+O2═══════4VO2;

4VO2+O2═══════2V2O5;

xBaO+yV2O5+(x+y)H2SO4═══════xBaSO4+y(VO2)2SO4+(x+y)H2O。

磨矿细度(-0.074 mm粒级矿石占比,下同)是影响钒浸出率的首要影响因素。在焙烧温度850 ℃、焙烧时间16 h条件下空白焙烧后浸出,磨矿细度对钒浸出率的影响如图1所示。可知:钒浸出率随磨矿细度增大,呈先升高后降低趋势,当磨矿细度增至70%时,钒浸出率达最高。磨矿细度较小时,石煤钒矿在焙烧过程中与氧气气氛接触不充分,导致部分V(Ⅲ)无法被氧化浸出;磨矿细度过大时,石煤钒矿物料层过于密闭,阻碍反应物与氧气接触,同样使氧化反应不完全,且过大的磨矿细度会增加预处理成本。故试验确定70%为最佳磨矿细度。
焙烧能使石煤钒矿中V(Ⅲ)和V(Ⅳ)转化为高价态的V(Ⅴ),是将难溶硅铝酸盐矿物转化为可溶性钒酸盐的有效途径。在焙烧温度850 ℃、焙烧时间16 h、焙烧添加剂用量5%条件下焙烧后浸出,不同种类焙烧添加剂对钒浸出率的影响如图2所示。
图2可知:空白焙烧对绢云母中的硅铝酸盐晶格有一定破坏作用,钒浸出率为65.08%;而以氧化钙、氢氧化钠作焙烧添加剂时,钒浸出率比空白焙烧更低,说明钙化焙烧与钠化焙烧的工艺路线并不适用于以绢云母形式赋存的类质同象形式钒的提取;以硫酸钡、重晶石作焙烧添加剂时,钒浸出率分别为85.51%、86.84%,说明硫酸钡、重晶石对石煤钒矿中的钒浸出有明显促进作用。考虑到重晶石经济性更好,故选择重晶石为焙烧添加剂。
添加适量的重晶石,能在焙烧过程有效破坏石煤钒矿中的云母类矿物并氧化钒元素,有利于后续浸出。在焙烧温度850 ℃、焙烧时间16 h条件下焙烧后浸出,重晶石用量对钒浸出率的影响如图3所示。
图3可知:在重晶石用量小于5%范围内,随重晶石用量增加,钒浸出率呈上升趋势,用量大于5%后钒浸出率增加不明显,在82%~89%范围内波动。为确保重晶石在高温下分解时不会因为过量而出现烧结现象,进而避免钒被包裹而影响浸出,同时兼顾工艺的经济性,故选择重晶石用量5%进行后续试验。
焙烧温度决定相关反应和物相变化发生的可能性,适宜的焙烧温度有利于钒元素有效浸出。在焙烧时间16 h、重晶石用量5%条件下焙烧后浸出,焙烧温度对钒浸出率的影响如图4所示。
图4可知:钒浸出率随焙烧温度升高而升高,当升至850 ℃时,钒浸出率达最高;继续升温,浸出率升幅不明显。为避免烧结现象发生,以及防止钒被包裹,焙烧温度不宜过高,故确定850 ℃为最佳焙烧温度。
焙烧时间决定相关反应和物相变化的进行程度,适宜的焙烧时间既能保证钒有效浸出,又可降低能耗。在焙烧温度850 ℃、重晶石用量5%条件下焙烧后浸出,焙烧时间对钒浸出率的影响如图5所示。
图5可知:焙烧时间在4~16 h范围内,随焙烧进行,钒浸出率不断升高,并在焙烧16 h达最高,说明焙烧低于16 h时,钒氧化及硅铝酸盐矿物晶格转化程度均不完全;焙烧16 h后,钒浸出率先保持稳定后略有下降,说明继续延长焙烧时间对钒浸出率影响不大。故选择16 h为最佳焙烧时间。
通过以上焙烧条件试验得出最佳焙烧工艺条件为:重晶石用量5%,焙烧温度850 ℃,焙烧时间16 h。在该条件下对石煤钒矿进行综合条件试验,并对比分析焙砂与原矿中钒价态及物相,以验证焙烧工艺的可行性与稳定性。结果如图67所示。
图6可知:在焙烧过程中,石煤钒矿中的钒氧化效果较好,大部分V(Ⅲ)转化为易被浸出的V(Ⅳ)和V(Ⅴ),这表明焙烧有利于石煤钒矿中以类质同象形式赋存的钒被氧化,以便后续有效提取。
图7可知:石煤钒矿经焙烧后,绢云母与白云母等物相消失,硅铝酸盐矿物晶格被明显破坏,有利于后续钒的浸出;焙砂中出现石膏物相,表明重晶石在高温分解后释放的气态硫化物与石煤钒矿中的金属氧化物(CaO等)反应生成新的金属硫化物(CaSO3、CaSO4等),焙烧过程可有效固硫,对大气环境无污染。
石煤焙烧前后钒价态转化与XRD图谱说明所用焙烧工艺可行,试验结果稳定,有利于后续钒浸出。
用最佳焙烧条件下所得焙砂进行钒浸出试验。考察相关因素对浸出的影响。
液固体积质量比是决定浸出剂浓度的首要因素,对浸出效果有重要影响。在浸出温度60 ℃、硫酸用量10%、浸出时间2 h条件下,液固体积质量比对钒浸出率的影响如图8所示。
图8可知,钒浸出率随液固体积质量比增大呈先升高后降低趋势,在2/1处达峰值。这是因为液固体积质量比过低时,矿浆黏度过大,传质速度受限,矿物与浸出剂没有良好的反应环境,导致钒浸出率较低;而液固体积质量比过大,浸出剂浓度会降低,不足以满足钒浸出所需浸出条件,钒浸出率也会随之降低。故选择2/1为最佳液固体积质量比。
石煤钒矿在浸出时,反应界面的浸出剂浓度是影响钒浸出速率的重要因素。在浸出温度60 ℃、液固体积质量比2/1、浸出时间2 h条件下,硫酸用量对钒浸出率的影响如图9所示。
图9可知:随硫酸用量增大,钒浸出率明显升高;硫酸用量增至8%后,继续加大硫酸用量,钒浸出率升高不明显。这是因为酸度过高会使矿物样品中的其他成分进入浸出液,造成杂质含量增加[18-19],这不仅会降低钒产品纯度,还会增加后续分离提取钒难度[20-21]。故选择8%为最佳硫酸用量。
浸出温度作为重要影响因素,主要对反应的速率和扩散速率产生影响。在液固体积质量比2/1、硫酸用量8%、浸出时间2 h条件下,浸出温度对钒浸出率的影响如图10所示。可知:随浸出温度升高,钒浸出率仅有小幅波动,且并未见明显升高,该规律也证实焙烧已达到预期效果。一般而言,升高温度有利于破坏矿物内部的化学键,增多动能大于等于活化能的分子数目;但试验中发现,随温度升高,浸出剂气化现象加剧,导致矿浆更加黏稠,不利于传质,进而使钒浸出率下降。综合考虑钒浸出率与能耗,故选择25 ℃为最佳浸出温度。
浸出时间对浸出过程的影响规律能反映钒浸出完成程度,足够的浸出时间是保证浸出反应完全的前提条件。在液固体积质量比2/1、硫酸用量8%、浸出温度25 ℃条件下,浸出时间对钒浸出率的影响如图11所示。
图11可知:钒浸出率随浸出时间延长而升高,浸出2 h时,钒浸出率达最高;之后继续延长浸出时间,钒浸出率基本保持不变。综合考虑能耗等因素,确定2 h为最佳浸出时间。
通过以上焙烧与浸出的条件试验确定最佳工艺参数为:重晶石用量5%,焙烧温度850 ℃,焙烧时间16 h,液固体积质量比2/1,硫酸用量8%,浸出温度25 ℃,浸出时间2 h。在该条件下对石煤钒矿进行3组平行综合条件试验以验证该工艺的可行性与稳定性,结果见表2。浸出渣与浸出液中钒价态分析结果如图12所示。浸出液的成分见表3,pH=1.95~2.38。
表2可知:3组试验的钒浸出率相差不大,平均浸出率为89.70%,说明该工艺较稳,浸出效果较好。
图12可知:浸出渣中未被浸出的钒主要以V(Ⅲ)为主,说明少部分的V(Ⅲ)由于在石煤钒矿中被包裹严重,难以被有效氧化,因此滞留在浸出渣中;浸出液中的钒以高价态V(Ⅴ)为主,经过重晶石焙烧后,大部分钒被氧化为V(Ⅴ),并得以有效浸出。
表3可知:浸出液中杂质种类较少,含量也较低,可直接对钒进行富集,无须额外净化处理。
以重晶石为焙烧添加剂的焙烧—酸浸工艺适用于从含钒物相为绢云母、钒以类质同象形式存在的石煤钒矿中提取钒。在重晶石用量5%、焙烧温度850 ℃、焙烧时间16 h、液固体积质量比2/1、硫酸用量8%、浸出温度25 ℃、浸出时间2 h最佳工艺条件下,钒浸出率可达89%以上,效果较好。该工艺生产成本低且对环境友好,能为石煤钒矿提钒提供一定理论与实际生产参考。
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2025年第44卷第1期
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doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.01.003
  • 接收时间:2024-07-23
  • 首发时间:2025-08-08
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-23
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    1 西安西北有色地质研究院有限公司, 陕西 西安 710054
    2 陕西省矿产资源综合利用工程技术研究中心, 陕西 西安 710054
    3 山阳秦鼎矿业有限责任公司, 陕西 商洛 726403

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顾天宇(1999—),男,硕士,助理工程师,主要研究方向为矿物资源综合利用与环境保护。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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