Article(id=1160646993211642079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109987349520431, articleNumber=1009-2617(2025)01-0111-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.01.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1709827200000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1754649406960, onlineDateStr=2025-08-08, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1754649406960, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-08-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1754649406960, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1754649406960, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148109987349520431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2025', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='131', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751660351836, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758246034872, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1175732344108499276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109987349520431, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1175732344108499277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109987349520431, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=111, endPage=117, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1160646993400385762, articleId=1160646993211642079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Preparation of ZnSO4•7H2O by Extracting Zinc from Purified Solution of Sulphuric Acid Leaching from Flotation Lead Tailings with P204, columnId=1152626641181700664, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Experiment Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The extraction of zinc by P204(Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate) from sulfuric acid leaching purification liquid of flotation lead tailings was studied. The extraction and stripping conditions were optimized. ZnSO4•7H2O was prepared by evaporation and crystallization of zinc-rich liquid. The results show that under the conditions of organic phase composition of 50%P204+50%sulfonated kerosene, saponification degree of P204 of 65%, extract pH of 3.5, extraction phase ratio VA/VO=1/1, extraction time of 10 min and two stages of extraction, the extraction rate of zinc can reach 99.11%. Under the conditions of H2SO4 concentration of 7%, stripping phase ratio VO/VA=2/1, stripping time of 10 min and three stages of stripping, the stripping rate of zinc can reach 99.32%. The prepared ZnSO4•7H2O Can meet the requirements of HG/T 2326—2015, and its microstructure is uniformly distributed in granular and layered structures.

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郭拴全(1991—),男,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为冶金。

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郭拴全(1991—),男,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为冶金。

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郭拴全(1991—),男,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为冶金。

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label=Table 1, caption=

Analysis results of chemical composition of extract g/L

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Zn2+ Cd2+ Mg2+ Ca2+ ∑Fe Na+ Mn2+ Pb2+ Cr2+
20.34 0.003 2 0.11 0.072 0.003 5.55 0.000 2 0.006 2 0.000 5
), ArticleFig(id=1174444288504115944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646993211642079, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

萃原液的化学成分分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Zn2+ Cd2+ Mg2+ Ca2+ ∑Fe Na+ Mn2+ Pb2+ Cr2+
20.34 0.003 2 0.11 0.072 0.003 5.55 0.000 2 0.006 2 0.000 5
), ArticleFig(id=1174444288579613417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646993211642079, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Chemical composition of zinc-enriched solution g/L

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Zn2+ Pb Cd2+ MgO CaO 􀰑TFe Na2O Mn2+
39.45 0.000 7 0.004 1 0.11 0.01 0.000 5 0.005 0.000 43
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富锌液的化学组成

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Zn2+ Pb Cd2+ MgO CaO 􀰑TFe Na2O Mn2+
39.45 0.000 7 0.004 1 0.11 0.01 0.000 5 0.005 0.000 43
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用P204从浮选铅尾矿硫酸浸出净化液中萃取锌及制备ZnSO4·7H2O的工艺研究
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郭拴全 1, 2 , 康敏 1, 2 , 郭梅 1, 2 , 宁新霞 1, 2
湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025,44(1): 111-117
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湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025, 44(1): 111-117
用P204从浮选铅尾矿硫酸浸出净化液中萃取锌及制备ZnSO4·7H2O的工艺研究
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郭拴全1, 2, 康敏1, 2, 郭梅1, 2, 宁新霞1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 西安西北有色地质研究院有限公司, 陕西 西安 710054
  • 2 陕西省矿产资源综合利用工程技术研究中心, 陕西 西安 710054
  • 郭拴全(1991—),男,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为冶金。

Preparation of ZnSO4•7H2O by Extracting Zinc from Purified Solution of Sulphuric Acid Leaching from Flotation Lead Tailings with P204
Shuanquan GUO1, 2, Min KANG1, 2, Mei GUO1, 2, Xinxia NING1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 Xi'an Northwest Nonferrous Geological Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710054, China
  • 2 Shaanxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources, Xi'an 710054, China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.01.015
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研究了采用P204(二(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯)从浮选铅尾矿硫酸浸出净化液中萃取锌,优化了萃取和反萃取工艺条件,并通过富锌液蒸发结晶制备了ZnSO4·7H2O。结果表明:在有机相组成为50%P204+50%磺化煤油、P204皂化度65%、萃原液pH=3.5、相比VA/VO=1/1、萃取时间10 min和萃取级数为二级条件下,锌萃取率可达99.11%;萃取所得饱和有机相在反萃剂(H2SO4)浓度7%、反萃相比VO/VA=2/1、反萃取时间10 min和反萃取级数为三级条件下,锌反萃率可达99.32%。制备的ZnSO4·7H2O满足HG/T 2326—2015要求,其微观形貌以颗粒状和层状结构均匀分布。
浮选铅尾矿  /  萃取  /  P204  /  七水硫酸锌  /  硫酸浸出  /  锌

The extraction of zinc by P204(Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate) from sulfuric acid leaching purification liquid of flotation lead tailings was studied. The extraction and stripping conditions were optimized. ZnSO4•7H2O was prepared by evaporation and crystallization of zinc-rich liquid. The results show that under the conditions of organic phase composition of 50%P204+50%sulfonated kerosene, saponification degree of P204 of 65%, extract pH of 3.5, extraction phase ratio VA/VO=1/1, extraction time of 10 min and two stages of extraction, the extraction rate of zinc can reach 99.11%. Under the conditions of H2SO4 concentration of 7%, stripping phase ratio VO/VA=2/1, stripping time of 10 min and three stages of stripping, the stripping rate of zinc can reach 99.32%. The prepared ZnSO4•7H2O Can meet the requirements of HG/T 2326—2015, and its microstructure is uniformly distributed in granular and layered structures.

flotation of lead tailings  /  extraction  /  P204  /  zinc sulfate heptahydrate  /  sulfuric acid leaching  /  zinc
郭拴全, 康敏, 郭梅, 宁新霞. 用P204从浮选铅尾矿硫酸浸出净化液中萃取锌及制备ZnSO4·7H2O的工艺研究. 湿法冶金, 2025 , 44 (1) : 111 -117 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.01.015
Shuanquan GUO, Min KANG, Mei GUO, Xinxia NING. Preparation of ZnSO4•7H2O by Extracting Zinc from Purified Solution of Sulphuric Acid Leaching from Flotation Lead Tailings with P204[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2025 , 44 (1) : 111 -117 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.01.015
锌是一种非常重要的金属资源,在电池、化工、医药、核工业、冶金和食品等行业应用广泛[1]。我国铅锌资源储量丰富,随着该类资源的不断开发,产生了大量的铅锌尾矿,其中一部分为浮选铅尾矿。浮选铅尾矿会占用大量土地资源,同时因未对其中的浮选药剂等进行净化,长期积累会对周边的生态环境造成影响,因此有必要对浮选铅尾矿进行合理处理或资源化利用[2-3]。目前主要采用尾矿充填、建材化利用和物理选矿回收其中有价组分等方式对浮选铅尾矿进行综合利用,这些方式均未对尾矿中固废进行进一步净化,且回收附加值低,所以探索一种附加值高且环境友好的回收浮选铅尾矿的方法具有重大意义。
不同体系溶液中,锌离子存在形式各异,所使用的锌萃取剂也有差异。在硫酸体系和磷酸盐体系中,锌主要以Zn2+存在,目前硫酸体系常用的锌萃取剂主要有Cyanex301[4]、C272[5]、P507[6]和P204[7-10]等;磷酸盐体系所用锌萃取剂有二苯硫腙[11]。在硫酸体系中各萃取剂对锌的萃取能力排序为Cyanex301>P204>C272>P507[12],Cyanex301、C272价格昂贵,且Cyanex301负载有机相在反萃取时对酸度要求较高,所以目前对萃取锌多选择价格相对便宜的P204作为萃取剂。
针对某浮选铅尾矿经硫酸浸出并除去部分杂质的净化液,采用P204萃取剂萃取锌,并确定了最优的工艺参数,同时利用萃取—反萃取后富锌液蒸发结晶制备合格的七水硫酸锌,以期为该类浮选铅尾矿高附加值回收利用提供技术参考。
试验原料:选择某浮选铅尾矿经硫酸浸出并除去部分杂质的净化液为萃原液,其化学成分分析结果见表1,其中Zn2+质量浓度为20.34 g/L,pH为3.5。经除杂后Cd、Mn、Fe、Pb等元素含量很低,杂质Na含量较高,需要进一步萃取净化。
主要试剂:P204萃取剂(分析纯,上海麦克林生化科技有限公司),磺化煤油(分析纯,茂名市源茂石化有限公司),氢氧化钠(分析纯,天津市恒兴化学试剂制造有限公司),浓硫酸(分析纯,成都市科隆化学品有限公司)。
主要设备及仪器:85-2型恒温磁力搅拌器(金坛市城东新瑞仪器厂),GG-17型烧杯(合肥商亿实验仪器有限公司),BOMEX型梨形分液漏斗(北京北玻博美玻璃有限公司),D8 advance型X射线衍射仪(德国布鲁克公司),Quanta650型扫描式电子显微镜(美国FEI公司)。
萃取原理:P204是一种酸性萃取剂,可以简写为H2A2。萃原液中的锌以Zn2+形式存在,溶液与萃取剂P204接触时,Zn2+会与P204中的H+发生离子交换,从而实现锌的萃取。由于萃取过程会生成大量H+,降低体系pH,严重影响萃取反应向正向进行,因此需对萃取剂P204进行皂化,即用氢氧化钠中Na+提前置换P204中部分H+。化学反应式如下:
[H2A2]org+Zn2+═══════[ZnA2]org+2H+;
[H2A2]org+2Na+═══════[Na2A2]org+2H+;
[Na2A2]org+Zn2+═══════[ZnA2]org+2Na+;
反萃取原理:采用一定浓度硫酸溶液作为反萃取剂,利用硫酸中的H+置换负载有机相中的Zn2+,从而将锌从有机相中释放出进入水相。化学反应式如下:
[ZnA2]org+2H+═══════[H2A2]org+Zn2+
蒸发结晶:当溶液中的溶质达到过饱和状态时会以晶体形式析出,将富锌液蒸发至硫酸锌浓度达到过饱和状态,硫酸锌会以晶体形式析出,且控制结晶温度≤39 ℃,形成的结晶体为ZnSO4·7H2O。
皂化P204:取一定体积P204放入烧杯中并置于磁力搅拌器上,根据所设定皂化度,向烧杯加入一定体积1 mol/L NaOH溶液,在25 ℃下搅拌10 min,皂化结束后在梨形分液漏斗中静置分相;在得到的油相中加入一定体积的磺化煤油,配制萃取有机相。
萃取试验:有机相组成为P204+磺化煤油,P204作为萃取剂,磺化煤油作为稀释剂。取一定体积萃原液放入烧杯中并置于磁力搅拌器上,设置温度为25 ℃;加入一定体积有机相,在一定P204皂化度、萃取剂体积分数、萃原液pH、萃取相比(VA/VO)和萃取级数条件下萃取一定时间,萃取结束后在梨形分液漏斗中静置分相,分析萃余液中锌离子浓度,计算萃取率。计算公式如下:
μ=$\frac{{\rho }_{1}{V}_{1}-{\rho }_{2}{V}_{2}}{{\rho }_{1}{V}_{1}}$×100%。
式中:μ—锌萃取率,%;ρ1—萃原液锌离子质量浓度,g/L;V1—萃原液体积,L;ρ2—萃余液中锌离子质量浓度,g/L;V2—萃余液体积,L。
反萃取试验:取一定体积负载锌有机相放入烧杯中并置于磁力搅拌器上,设置温度为25 ℃,在一定反萃剂浓度、反萃取相比(VO/VA)和反萃取级数条件下反萃取一定时间;反萃取结束后在梨形分液漏斗中静置分相,分析反萃取后贫有机相中锌离子浓度,计算反萃取率。
蒸发结晶:将反萃取得到的富锌液电炉加热蒸发至锌离子质量浓度约200 g/L,然后自然冷却30 s后在15 ℃下水浴结晶;结晶结束后固液分离,并将得到的固体产物干燥;按照HG/T 2326—2015《工业硫酸锌》中规定的方法对产物进行产品分析,并用X射线衍射仪分析产物物相,用扫描电镜观察产物微观形貌。
有机相组成为40%P204+60%磺化煤油,萃取相比VA/VO=1/1,萃取时间10 min,萃原液pH=3.5,P204皂化度对锌萃取率的影响如图1所示。
图1看出,皂化后P204对锌的萃取能力得到明显提升:随P204皂化度增大,锌萃取率呈先缓慢、再迅速升高趋势;当皂化度≤30%时,锌萃取率缓慢上升;当皂化度>30%后,锌萃取率明显升高。这是因为皂化过程中Na+置换P204中的H+越多,在萃取反应过程中产生的H+越少,有利于反应(1)向正向进行,从而促进锌的萃取。增加P204皂化度可以提高锌萃取率,但皂化度越大,萃取成本越高,且皂化度过高易导致分相困难,出现乳化现象,造成P204大量损失,综合考虑,确定适宜的P204皂化度为65%。
有机相组成为X%P204+(100-X)%磺化煤油,P204皂化度65%,萃取相比VA/VO=1/1,萃取时间10 min,萃原液pH=3.5,萃取剂体积分数X对锌萃取率的影响如图2所示。
图2看出:随萃取剂体积分数增大,锌萃取率逐渐升高。根据反应平衡原理,增大萃取剂体积分数,会促使萃取反应正向进行,同时有机相负载锌的能力增强,从而使锌萃取率升高;但萃取剂体积分数过大,会使有机相流动性变差,而且会增加萃取成本,另外萃取剂体积分数为50%时锌单级萃取率已达89.13%,效果较好,因此,确定适宜的萃取剂体积分数为50%。
有机相组成为50%P204+50%磺化煤油,P204皂化度65%,萃取相比VA/VO=1/1,萃取时间10 min,萃原液pH对锌萃取率的影响如图3所示。
图3看出:随萃原液pH升高,锌萃取率逐渐升高,且当pH<3时,锌萃取率升幅较大;当pH>3后,锌萃取率升幅很小,趋于稳定。这是因为升高萃原液pH,体系中H+浓度降低,这有利于萃取反应(1)向正向进行,从而提高锌萃取率。为了避免萃原液中和工序,选择适宜的萃原液pH为净化液初始pH,即3.5。
有机相组成为50% P204+50% 磺化煤油,P204皂化度65%,萃原液pH=3.5,萃取时间10 min,单级萃取,萃取相比(VA/VO)对锌萃取率的影响如图4所示。可以看出:随萃取相比的增大,锌萃取率逐渐降低,这是因为相比增大后,有机相与萃原液接触概率减小,造成锌萃取率下降;当萃取相比由1/1.5增至1/1时,锌萃取率降幅较小;当相比超过1/1后,随相比增加锌浸出率明显下降。通常情况下降低相比有利于锌的萃取,且能减少萃取级数,但生产效率低;增大相比可提高生产效率,增大锌的萃取饱和度,利于锌的富集。综合考虑,确定适宜的萃取相比(VA/VO)为1/1。
有机相组成为50%P204+50%磺化煤油,P204皂化度65%,萃原液pH=3.5,萃取相比(VA/VO)=1/1,萃取时间对锌萃取率的影响如图5所示。
图5看出:锌萃取反应速率很快,萃取2 min时,锌萃取率已达65%;随萃取时间延长,锌萃取率逐渐升高;当萃取时间>6 min后,锌萃取率增速变缓;当萃取时间>10 min后,锌萃取率趋于稳定,表明萃10 min时基本达到平衡。因此,确定适宜的萃取时间为10 min。
有机相组成为50%P204+50%磺化煤油,P204皂化度65%,萃原液pH=3.5,萃取相比(VA/VO)=1/1,萃取时间10 min,萃原液经三级逆流萃取,得到负载有机相和萃余液,一级、二级和三级萃取的锌总萃取率分别为90.50%、99.11%和99.85%,说明经二级逆流萃取,锌萃取率即可达99%以上。故确定最佳萃取级数为二级。
室温,反萃取相比VO/VA=2/1,单级反萃取10 min,反萃剂H2SO4浓度对锌反萃取率的影响如图6所示。
图6看出:反萃剂H2SO4浓度对锌反萃取率的影响较大,随H2SO4浓度增大,锌反萃取率逐渐上升。这是因为随H2SO4浓度增大,水相中H+浓度增加,这有利于反萃取反应(4)向正向进行,从而促进锌反萃取。H2SO4浓度在2%~5%区间时,锌反萃取率升幅较大;反萃剂浓度在5%~7%区间时锌反萃取率升幅较小;当反萃剂浓度>7%后,锌反萃取率逐渐趋于稳定。所以,确定适宜的反萃剂H2SO4浓度为7%。
室温,反萃剂H2SO4浓度7%,单级反萃取10 min,反萃取相比(VO/VA)对锌反萃取率的影响如图7所示。可以看出:随反萃相比(VO/VA)增加,锌反萃取率逐渐降低。反萃取相比增加会导致反萃取率降低,但可以减轻后续蒸发结晶的负荷。反萃取相比为2/1时锌单级反萃取率已达94%,所以,综合考虑反萃取效果和对后续蒸发结晶的影响,确定适宜的反萃取相比(VO/VA)为2/1。
室温,反萃剂H2SO4浓度7%,反萃取相比VO/VA=2/1,单级反萃取,反萃取时间对锌反萃取率的影响如图8所示。
图8看出:随反萃取时间延长,在2.5~5 min区间内锌反萃取率升幅较大;在5~10 min区间内,锌反萃取率升幅较小;当反萃取时间>10 min后,锌反萃取率趋于稳定,说明反萃取10 min时,反萃取过程基本达到平衡,继续延长时间意义不大。因此,确定适宜的反萃取时间为10 min。
室温,反萃剂H2SO4浓度7%,反萃取相比VO/VA=2/1,反萃取时间10 min,负载锌有机相经四级逆流反萃取得到空载有机相和富锌液,一级、二级、三级和四级反萃取的锌总反萃取率分别为93.20%、97.75%、99.32%和99.76%,表明经三级逆流反萃取,锌反萃取率可达99%以上。故确定最佳反萃取级数为三级。
萃原液在最佳萃取和反萃取试验条件下得到的富锌液的化学组成见表2
富锌液电炉加热蒸发至锌离子质量浓度约为200 g/L后空冷30 s,之后在15 ℃下水浴结晶,结晶结束后固液分离,将得到的固体产物干燥。经分析检测,产物中含Zn 22.30%,含ZnSO4·7H2O 98.52%,杂质含Pb、Fe、Mn和Cd分别为 0.000 2%、0.003%、0.002%和0.001%,含不溶物0.03%,含氯化物0.001%,pH(以50 g/L溶液计)为3.2,产品能满足《工业硫酸锌》(HG/T 2326—2015)要求。
产物的XRD图谱和微观形貌如图910所示。可以看出:该产物以ZnSO4·7H2O形式存在,结晶度良好,以颗粒状和层状结构均匀分布。
采用P204从浮选铅尾矿硫酸浸出净化液萃取锌并制备ZnSO4·7H2O是可行的。适宜条件下,锌萃取率和反萃取率均可达99%以上,且制备的ZnSO4·7H2O满足HG/T 2326—2015要求。该工艺对某浮选铅尾矿硫酸浸出净化液进行萃取富集锌并成功制备得到七水硫酸锌产品,为浮选铅尾矿的综合利用提供了一种新思路。
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2025年第44卷第1期
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doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.01.015
  • 接收时间:2024-03-08
  • 首发时间:2025-08-08
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-08
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    1 西安西北有色地质研究院有限公司, 陕西 西安 710054
    2 陕西省矿产资源综合利用工程技术研究中心, 陕西 西安 710054
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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