Article(id=1160646992850931932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109987349520431, articleNumber=1009-2617(2025)01-0010-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.01.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1727193600000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1754649406874, onlineDateStr=2025-08-08, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1754649406874, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-08-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1754649406874, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1754649406874, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148109987349520431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2025', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='131', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751660351836, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758246034872, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1175732344108499276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109987349520431, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1175732344108499277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109987349520431, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=10, endPage=16, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1160646993085812958, articleId=1160646992850931932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Preparation of Yellowcake by Vacuum Filtration Dewatering of Precipitation Slurry from In-Situ Leaching Uranium Mine, columnId=1152626641181700664, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Experiment Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the issue of low automation in the hydrometallurgical process in in-situ leaching of uranium, especially in the preparation of yellowcake from precipitation slurry using plate and frame filter presses, a horizontal belt vacuum filter was selected for the first time in an in-situ leaching of uranium mine to conduct a filtration dewatering experiment on sodium diuranate precipitation slurry. The influence of different operating conditions on moisture content of yellow cake products was investigated. The results show that under the conditions of a filtration vacuum of -0.06~-0.08 MPa, a filter cloth precision of 38 μm, a slurry residence time of 640 s, a feed flow rate of 353~589 kg/h, and a backwash and sealing circulation water flowrate of 10 m3/h, the entire process from cloth feeding to filtration, dewatering, cake discharge, and cloth backwashing can be automatically cycled and run continuously and stably. The product moisture content meets the first-grade standard, satisfying the dewatering capacity requirements for a mine producing about 500 t of metallic uranium per year. The technical feasibility of using belt vacuum filter to dehydrate the precipitated slurry has been preliminatively confirmed. The technical feasibility of using belt vacuum filter for dewatering the precipitation slurry has been preliminatively confirmed. The filtration dewatering process can reduce the labor intensity of operators, reduce the radiation hazard, and improve the automation of the entire hydrometallurgy process, it has value for promotion and application.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yaan WANG, Zhiming DU, Wei CHENG, Yuan YUAN, Zhenqian WEN, Guanghui LI, Guohong LIU, Mingqian CAO, Xueqin LYU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1160647079467503978, articleId=1160646992850931932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=CN, title=地浸铀矿沉淀浆体真空抽滤脱水制备黄饼试验研究, columnId=1152626641328501305, journalTitle=湿法冶金, columnName=试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=针对地浸采铀水冶流程中,利用板框压滤机处理沉淀浆体制备黄饼工艺自动化程度较低的问题,采用一种水平带式真空过滤机在地浸铀矿山首次进行重铀酸钠沉淀浆体抽滤脱水试验研究,重点考察了不同操作条件对黄饼产品含水量的影响。结果表明:该系统在抽滤真空度-0.06~-0.08 MPa、滤布精度38 μm、浆体停留时间640 s、进料流量353~589 kg/h、反洗及密封循环水量10 m3/h条件下,从布料—抽滤—卸料—滤布反洗全过程可自动循环、连续稳定运行,产品含水量能达到一级品标准,满足年产500 t左右金属铀的矿山对沉淀浆体脱水能力要求,初步证实了采用带式真空过滤机对沉淀浆体进行脱水的技术可行性。该抽滤脱水工艺能减轻作业人员劳动强度,降低辐射危害,提高整个水冶流程自动化程度,具有一定推广应用价值。, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
原渊(1986—),男,硕士,正高级工程师,主要研究方向为地浸采铀技术及管理。
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王亚安(1994—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为地浸采铀及化工机械。

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王亚安(1994—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为地浸采铀及化工机械。

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王亚安(1994—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为地浸采铀及化工机械。

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Precipitation of yellowcake through slurry circulation and aging[J]. 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journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, companyId=1174444183763955905, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 核工业北京化工冶金研究院, 北京 101149)]), AuthorCompany(id=1174444183944310980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174444183952699589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, companyId=1174444183944310980, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 China National Uranium Co., Ltd., Beijing 100010, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174444183956893894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, companyId=1174444183944310980, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中核铀业有限责任公司, 北京 100010)]), AuthorCompany(id=1174444184028197063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174444184036585672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, companyId=1174444184028197063, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 CNNC Inner Mongolia Mineral Co., Ltd., Hohhot 014010, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174444184040779977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, companyId=1174444184028197063, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 中核内蒙古矿业有限公司, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 014010)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1174444188679680259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Composition schematic diagram of belt vacuum filtration system, figureFileSmall=99ZCH1A9lnJHMoIIm0bdaw==, figureFileBig=+9ttQ0Lqkg9LohoZpUGD8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444188730011908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=CN, label=图1, caption=带滤机系统组成示意, figureFileSmall=99ZCH1A9lnJHMoIIm0bdaw==, figureFileBig=+9ttQ0Lqkg9LohoZpUGD8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444188780343557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Photo of belt vacuum filter, figureFileSmall=iOE0POwZSx8Qhdu0+GqexA==, figureFileBig=RHxBCTWcVuePxGRhcEwGyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444188834869510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=CN, label=图2, caption=带滤机照片, figureFileSmall=iOE0POwZSx8Qhdu0+GqexA==, figureFileBig=RHxBCTWcVuePxGRhcEwGyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444188935532807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Operation steps of horizontal belt vacuum filtration system, figureFileSmall=xto3ujgREXEnlpJox2MQ/Q==, figureFileBig=XQfWZnhm7tJUtmX+HGBDVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444189006835976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=CN, label=图3, caption=水平带式真空过滤机系统操作步骤, figureFileSmall=xto3ujgREXEnlpJox2MQ/Q==, figureFileBig=XQfWZnhm7tJUtmX+HGBDVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444189057167625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Crystal size distribution in slurry at different locations of precipitation tank, figureFileSmall=Y3el5TAjUk3tDtvpkZBYGA==, figureFileBig=5VB8cms+lYJPWc9nPegOtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444189115887882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=CN, label=图4, caption=沉淀罐不同部位浆体中晶体粒径分布, figureFileSmall=Y3el5TAjUk3tDtvpkZBYGA==, figureFileBig=5VB8cms+lYJPWc9nPegOtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444189174608139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Filter through phenomenon of slurry with 75 μm precision filter cloth, figureFileSmall=mIIecU9GjIjQSSDTE/r0cA==, figureFileBig=0cF5FMN8hjknLUcG9wTbAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444189224939788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=CN, label=图5, caption=使用75 μm精度滤布时浆体的穿滤现象

a—真空抽滤管道;b—气液分离罐。

, figureFileSmall=mIIecU9GjIjQSSDTE/r0cA==, figureFileBig=0cF5FMN8hjknLUcG9wTbAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444189287854349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Appearance of filter cake with 38 μm precision filter cloth, figureFileSmall=7TE6a25hQLT6g17hPFsZFw==, figureFileBig=/Sl7I3rpIetlU32r3NsTcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444189346574606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=CN, label=图6, caption=使用38 μm精度滤布时的滤饼样貌, figureFileSmall=7TE6a25hQLT6g17hPFsZFw==, figureFileBig=/Sl7I3rpIetlU32r3NsTcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444189413683471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Appearance of slurry and filter cake with different residence times

a—120 s;b—360 s;c—750 s。

, figureFileSmall=FQ3QQOhV+0oG5Dnj0deDPQ==, figureFileBig=npLHOszs+Lo94jvOXArD+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444189526929680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同停留时间下浆体及滤饼样貌, figureFileSmall=FQ3QQOhV+0oG5Dnj0deDPQ==, figureFileBig=npLHOszs+Lo94jvOXArD+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444189594038545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Main configuration and parameters of experimental belt vacuum filtration system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
配置 参数 备注
带滤机主体 尺寸:7 580 mm×1 130 mm×1 360 mm
带滤机驱动电机 功率:4 kW 系统自带
环形滤布 总长:17.7 m;宽度:73 mm 孔隙直径可选
抽滤区 长度:3 300 mm 滤布有效宽度50 mm
2BEA202型真空泵 功率:18.5 kW 系统自带
气液分离罐 ϕ630 mm×2 170 mm 系统自带,含气控阀
母液罐 ϕ1 640 mm×950 mm 新配置,供应洗水和冷却水
LQF50型渣浆泵 流量:10 m3/h;扬程:80 m 新配置
), ArticleFig(id=1174444189656953106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验用带滤机系统的主要配置及参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
配置 参数 备注
带滤机主体 尺寸:7 580 mm×1 130 mm×1 360 mm
带滤机驱动电机 功率:4 kW 系统自带
环形滤布 总长:17.7 m;宽度:73 mm 孔隙直径可选
抽滤区 长度:3 300 mm 滤布有效宽度50 mm
2BEA202型真空泵 功率:18.5 kW 系统自带
气液分离罐 ϕ630 mm×2 170 mm 系统自带,含气控阀
母液罐 ϕ1 640 mm×950 mm 新配置,供应洗水和冷却水
LQF50型渣浆泵 流量:10 m3/h;扬程:80 m 新配置
), ArticleFig(id=1174444189724061971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

variation of crystal size parameters in the precipitated slurry corresponding to different circulation times

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
循环次数 粒径范围/μm 平均粒径/μm 峰值粒径/μm D90/μm
1 0.195~19.16 3.247 4.080 7.865
10 0.195~41.91 4.672 1.108 15.72
15 0.195~52.41 6.825 0.993 22.42
20 0.195~52.41 6.146 0.714 21.26
25 0.195~52.41 6.166 0.715 20.84
30 0.195~52.41 6.202 0.781 21.68
), ArticleFig(id=1174444189799559444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同循环次数下沉淀浆体中晶体粒径参数变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
循环次数 粒径范围/μm 平均粒径/μm 峰值粒径/μm D90/μm
1 0.195~19.16 3.247 4.080 7.865
10 0.195~41.91 4.672 1.108 15.72
15 0.195~52.41 6.825 0.993 22.42
20 0.195~52.41 6.146 0.714 21.26
25 0.195~52.41 6.166 0.715 20.84
30 0.195~52.41 6.202 0.781 21.68
), ArticleFig(id=1174444189862474005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effect of filter cloth precision on the moisture content of yellow cake products

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
滤布精度/μm 穿滤情况 压力/MPa 停留时间/s 滤饼厚度/mm 产品中w(水)/%
75 严重 -0.05~-0.06 640 4 27.87
48 少量 -0.06~-0.07 640 4 28.20
38 微量 -0.06~-0.08 640 5 25.86
), ArticleFig(id=1174444189925388566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

滤布精度对黄饼产品含水量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
滤布精度/μm 穿滤情况 压力/MPa 停留时间/s 滤饼厚度/mm 产品中w(水)/%
75 严重 -0.05~-0.06 640 4 27.87
48 少量 -0.06~-0.07 640 4 28.20
38 微量 -0.06~-0.08 640 5 25.86
), ArticleFig(id=1174444190026051863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effect of residence time on moisture content of yellow cake products

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
停留时间/s 滤布精度/μm 压力/MPa 滤饼厚度/mm 产品中w(水)/%
120 38 -(0.04~0.05)
360 38 -(0.06~0.08) 4 34.57
640 38 -(0.06~0.08) 5 25.86
750 38 -(0.05~0.07) 5 25.32
), ArticleFig(id=1174444190105743640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

停留时间对黄饼产品含水量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
停留时间/s 滤布精度/μm 压力/MPa 滤饼厚度/mm 产品中w(水)/%
120 38 -(0.04~0.05)
360 38 -(0.06~0.08) 4 34.57
640 38 -(0.06~0.08) 5 25.86
750 38 -(0.05~0.07) 5 25.32
), ArticleFig(id=1174444190235767065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effect of feed flow rate on the moisture content of yellow cake products

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
进料流量/(kg·h-1) 滤布精度/μm 压力/MPa 停留时间/s 滤饼厚度/mm 产品中w(水)/%
353.39 38 -0.05~-0.07 640 3 28.22
471.18 38 -0.06~-0.08 640 4 25.99
588.98 38 -0.06~-0.08 640 5 25.86
706.78 38 -0.06~-0.08 640 6 30.55
824.58 38 -0.06~-0.08 640 7 32.25
), ArticleFig(id=1174444190336430362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

进料流量对黄饼产品含水量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
进料流量/(kg·h-1) 滤布精度/μm 压力/MPa 停留时间/s 滤饼厚度/mm 产品中w(水)/%
353.39 38 -0.05~-0.07 640 3 28.22
471.18 38 -0.06~-0.08 640 4 25.99
588.98 38 -0.06~-0.08 640 5 25.86
706.78 38 -0.06~-0.08 640 6 30.55
824.58 38 -0.06~-0.08 640 7 32.25
), ArticleFig(id=1174444190474842395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Measurement results of wet yellow cake density

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 黄饼质量/g V1/mL V2/mL ρ/(kg·m-3)
1 56.16 100 115 3 744
2 61.55 100 118 3 419
3 80.41 150 175 3 655
), ArticleFig(id=1174444190600671516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160646992850931932, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

湿黄饼密度的测定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 黄饼质量/g V1/mL V2/mL ρ/(kg·m-3)
1 56.16 100 115 3 744
2 61.55 100 118 3 419
3 80.41 150 175 3 655
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地浸铀矿沉淀浆体真空抽滤脱水制备黄饼试验研究
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王亚安 1 , 杜志明 1 , 程威 1 , 原渊 1 , 闻振乾 2 , 李光辉 3 , 刘国宏 1 , 曹鸣谦 1 , 吕学钦 3
湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025,44(1): 10-16
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湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025, 44(1): 10-16
地浸铀矿沉淀浆体真空抽滤脱水制备黄饼试验研究
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王亚安1, 杜志明1, 程威1, 原渊1, 闻振乾2, 李光辉3, 刘国宏1, 曹鸣谦1, 吕学钦3
作者信息
  • 1 核工业北京化工冶金研究院, 北京 101149
  • 2 中核铀业有限责任公司, 北京 100010
  • 3 中核内蒙古矿业有限公司, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 014010
  • 王亚安(1994—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为地浸采铀及化工机械。

通讯作者:

原渊(1986—),男,硕士,正高级工程师,主要研究方向为地浸采铀技术及管理。
Preparation of Yellowcake by Vacuum Filtration Dewatering of Precipitation Slurry from In-Situ Leaching Uranium Mine
Yaan WANG1, Zhiming DU1, Wei CHENG1, Yuan YUAN1, Zhenqian WEN2, Guanghui LI3, Guohong LIU1, Mingqian CAO1, Xueqin LYU3
Affiliations
  • 1 Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC, Beijing 101149, China
  • 2 China National Uranium Co., Ltd., Beijing 100010, China
  • 3 CNNC Inner Mongolia Mineral Co., Ltd., Hohhot 014010, China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.01.002
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针对地浸采铀水冶流程中,利用板框压滤机处理沉淀浆体制备黄饼工艺自动化程度较低的问题,采用一种水平带式真空过滤机在地浸铀矿山首次进行重铀酸钠沉淀浆体抽滤脱水试验研究,重点考察了不同操作条件对黄饼产品含水量的影响。结果表明:该系统在抽滤真空度-0.06~-0.08 MPa、滤布精度38 μm、浆体停留时间640 s、进料流量353~589 kg/h、反洗及密封循环水量10 m3/h条件下,从布料—抽滤—卸料—滤布反洗全过程可自动循环、连续稳定运行,产品含水量能达到一级品标准,满足年产500 t左右金属铀的矿山对沉淀浆体脱水能力要求,初步证实了采用带式真空过滤机对沉淀浆体进行脱水的技术可行性。该抽滤脱水工艺能减轻作业人员劳动强度,降低辐射危害,提高整个水冶流程自动化程度,具有一定推广应用价值。
地浸采铀  /  带式真空过滤机  /  重铀酸钠  /  沉淀浆体  /  抽滤脱水  /  黄饼

In order to solve the issue of low automation in the hydrometallurgical process in in-situ leaching of uranium, especially in the preparation of yellowcake from precipitation slurry using plate and frame filter presses, a horizontal belt vacuum filter was selected for the first time in an in-situ leaching of uranium mine to conduct a filtration dewatering experiment on sodium diuranate precipitation slurry. The influence of different operating conditions on moisture content of yellow cake products was investigated. The results show that under the conditions of a filtration vacuum of -0.06~-0.08 MPa, a filter cloth precision of 38 μm, a slurry residence time of 640 s, a feed flow rate of 353~589 kg/h, and a backwash and sealing circulation water flowrate of 10 m3/h, the entire process from cloth feeding to filtration, dewatering, cake discharge, and cloth backwashing can be automatically cycled and run continuously and stably. The product moisture content meets the first-grade standard, satisfying the dewatering capacity requirements for a mine producing about 500 t of metallic uranium per year. The technical feasibility of using belt vacuum filter to dehydrate the precipitated slurry has been preliminatively confirmed. The technical feasibility of using belt vacuum filter for dewatering the precipitation slurry has been preliminatively confirmed. The filtration dewatering process can reduce the labor intensity of operators, reduce the radiation hazard, and improve the automation of the entire hydrometallurgy process, it has value for promotion and application.

in-situ leaching of uranium  /  belt vacuum filter  /  sodium diuranate  /  precipitated slurry  /  filtration and dewatering  /  yellowcake
王亚安, 杜志明, 程威, 原渊, 闻振乾, 李光辉, 刘国宏, 曹鸣谦, 吕学钦. 地浸铀矿沉淀浆体真空抽滤脱水制备黄饼试验研究. 湿法冶金, 2025 , 44 (1) : 10 -16 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.01.002
Yaan WANG, Zhiming DU, Wei CHENG, Yuan YUAN, Zhenqian WEN, Guanghui LI, Guohong LIU, Mingqian CAO, Xueqin LYU. Preparation of Yellowcake by Vacuum Filtration Dewatering of Precipitation Slurry from In-Situ Leaching Uranium Mine[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2025 , 44 (1) : 10 -16 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.01.002
砂岩铀矿是我国主要的天然铀资源类型,地浸采铀则是砂岩铀矿开发的首选工艺[1-3]。该工艺是将浸出剂从注液井注入含矿层,沿矿层渗流并浸出铀形成浸出液,再将浸出液从抽液井提升至地表,通过一系列离子交换工序[4]回收金属铀,最终形成初级铀产品(“111”产品),即黄饼。铀矿冶领域一级黄饼产品要求含水量≤30%[5]
在现有CO2+O2地浸采铀水冶工艺中,合格液经酸化后加碱搅拌形成沉淀浆体,再通过板框压滤脱水制备黄饼产品。沉淀浆体的主要成分为重铀酸钠,其具有一定黏性且细颗粒占比较大[6],沉降性能及脱水性能一般。当前矿山在用的板框压滤机在脱水制备黄饼方面存在一些缺点:自动化程度较低,脱水后的板框需人工辅助卸料、装卸和清洗,劳动强度及辐射危害较大;工作压力较高(0.6~1.2 MPa),会缩短滤布使用寿命,增加滤布损耗;卸料时产品呈大块状,在产品桶内很难装填密实。针对板框压滤机存在的上述缺点,选择自动化程度更高、工作压力适宜、综合性能更好的设备十分必要。
水平带式真空过滤机(带滤机)作为一种以滤布为过滤介质,利用物料重力和真空吸力实现固液分离的过滤设备[7-8],与板框压滤机相比,自动化程度较高,可实现布料—抽滤—卸料—滤布反洗全过程自动循环,无需人工干预,目前在采矿、化工、食品等领域已得到广泛应用。但带滤机采用真空抽吸进行固液分离,理想状况下的真空度最大仅为-0.1 MPa,比板框压滤的操作压力小;同时,地浸铀矿山沉淀浆体物性特殊,用于处理沉淀浆体的可行性尚有待试验验证。因此,试验以某CO2+O2地浸铀矿山的沉淀浆体为对象,优选了一种带滤机并针对性进行了改造,确定了带滤机系统的关键参数范围,重点考察了不同操作条件对黄饼产品含水量的影响,以期为优化地浸采铀沉淀浆体脱水工艺研究提供技术参考。
带滤机橡胶带整体为环形,由电机驱动,真空抽滤区橡胶带下铺设有多根管道,自下而上抽气形成真空室,滤布铺敷在胶带上与之同步运转,胶带与真空滑台上的环形摩擦带接触并形成水密封。
工作原理:料浆由布料器均匀地布设在滤布上,当真空室接通真空系统时,在橡胶带上形成真空抽滤区,滤液穿过滤布经橡胶带上的横沟槽汇总,由小孔进入真空室,随后经气液分离排出,固体颗粒则被截留在滤布上形成滤饼。滤饼跟随橡胶带继续向前移动并离开抽滤区,最后由刮刀自动将滤饼卸下。卸出滤饼的滤布经清洗后再生,经过一组支承辊和纠偏装置后循环进入抽滤区开始新的抽滤脱水周期。
试验选用的带滤机系统主要包含4大模块:1)主体模块。包括带滤机机架、减速器、辊轮、进料箱、浆体匀料板、产品分散板、卸料刮刀、橡胶带、滤布等。2)真空抽滤模块。包括真空泵、冷却水罐、气液分离罐。3)洗水循环模块。包括洗水罐、循环泵、洗水喷嘴。4)附件模块。包括滤布纠偏用空压机、基础池(储液池)、液下泵、管路、阀门、电控等。主要配置及参数见表1
系统在带滤机卸完料后,滤布会跟随橡胶带自动循环并被反冲洗,保证抽滤效果;此外,为保证真空度,在橡胶带下方构造水密封。在其他行业,一般采用自来水作为反洗水和密封水介质,冲洗滤布后的滤渣、洗水,以及密封水均汇入系统底部的基础池,循环使用后集中外排处理。试验中,为避免基础池中上述流体外排带来黄饼的浪费和污染,改用沉淀母液作为反洗水和密封水介质,基础池中流体则泵入洗水罐循环利用,当液体中滤渣过多时抽入沉淀罐回用。图12为带滤机系统示意和实物照片,为使沉淀浆体均匀地分布在滤布上,在进料箱内设置溢流堰。
采用“循环沉淀法”[9-10]制备沉淀浆体,部分沉淀母液泵入洗水罐中,其余沉淀母液全部泵入水冶系统的母液槽中。开启带滤机入口阀门和橡胶传送带,调整好传送带运转速度,开启真空泵和洗水循环泵,打开渣浆泵将浆体输送至滤布上,经入口匀料后进入真空抽滤区,真空泵抽出的部分滤液经缓冲罐(气液分离器)排至底部基础池,浆体脱水后形成黄饼,输送到刮刀卸料区进行装桶。底部基础池的滤液经液下泵泵入洗水罐,通过循环泵输送洗水和密封水。具体步骤如图3所示。
沉淀浆体中晶体粒径对脱水工艺和效果有显著影响。理论上,不考虑颗粒团聚等现象,晶体粒径越大,越易沉降,脱水性能越好,粗颗粒作为晶种[10],也有利于细颗粒附着并增长;若浆体中颗粒物粒径偏小,则无论使用压滤技术还是抽滤技术,都易造成穿滤,产品水分也难以达标。沉淀浆体中晶体粒径分布是优化沉淀和脱水工艺的基础数据,试验利用BT-9300S型激光粒度仪对不同条件、不同部位沉淀浆体中的重铀酸钠晶体粒径分布进行测试。
循环沉淀是矿山的常规操作,具体方法是将合格液泵入沉淀罐后加碱搅拌,形成浆体后暂停搅拌,等待浆体分层,然后将上层的沉淀母液排出,继续向沉淀罐中加入合格液和碱,搅拌沉淀后再次外排母液,以此类推。不同循环次数下沉淀浆体中晶体粒径参数变化见表2。可知,当循环沉淀15次时效果最好,搅拌状态下浆体中重铀酸钠晶体粒径可维持在0.195~52.41 μm之间,D90也处于22 μm附近,相较于1次沉淀增长约3倍。
图4为循环沉淀15次时沉淀罐不同部位浆体中重铀酸钠晶体粒径分布。可知,沉淀浆体中晶体粒径呈典型的“双峰”分布,峰值粒径出现在1 μm附近,最大粒径小于100 μm;在搅拌状态下,沉淀罐上部浆体中晶体的粒径范围为0.195~52.41 μm,平均粒径为6.825 μm,中值粒径为1.697 μm;而在未搅拌状态下,沉淀罐上部浆体中晶体的粒径范围为0.195~41.91 μm,平均粒径为4.672 μm,中值粒径为1.450 μm。综合晶体粒径测试结果,建议用于脱水处理的沉淀浆体应至少进行15次循环沉淀,并在搅拌条件下向带滤机输送浆料。
理想状态下,抽滤区最大压力可达-0.1 MPa。在试验中观察发现,抽滤区最大压力只能达到-0.08 MPa,而当压力低于-0.05 MPa时,浆体脱水效果较差,因此,试验过程中须将真空度控制在-0.06~-0.08 MPa。采用DHG-9040烘箱干燥、FA1004N电子天平称黄饼产品质量,并计算其含水量。
滤布精度越高,系统阻力越大,真空泵所需的吸气能力及能耗也越高;反之,滤布精度越低,浆体越易穿滤,甚至无法布满带滤机真空抽滤区,导致真空泵系统蹿气,真空度降低。沉淀浆体中最大晶体粒径53 μm,综合考虑阻力、架桥、穿滤等因素,选用75 μm(200目)、48 μm(300目)、38 μm(400目)3种精度滤布分别进行试验。滤布精度对黄饼产品含水量的影响试验结果见表3
采用75 μm精度滤布时穿滤现象严重,虽然在一定压力和物料停留时间下形成了4 mm厚度的滤饼,且滤饼含水量也已达标,但浆体损失过多,真空抽滤管中几乎全是浆体,随之进入气液分离器排至底部基础池(见图5)。
试验中发现:采用48 μm精度滤布同样发生了穿滤现象,但程度有所减缓;采用38 μm精度滤布则只会在浆体输送至真空抽滤区时出现微量的穿滤,这是由于滤布孔隙小,浆体极易填充并架桥形成新过滤层,所形成的滤饼均匀整齐,在刮刀卸料处的样貌如图6所示。
橡胶带运转速度决定了物料停留时间,进而决定了真空度的保持时间。虽然加快运转速度可提高生产率,但停留时间过短极易造成产品含水量不达标,而停留时间过长,又会影响产量,滤饼也易形成裂隙,从而导致系统蹿气。因此,考察了停留时间对黄饼产品含水量的影响,试验结果见表4。可知,保持物料停留时间为120 s时,带滤机系统无法正常工作,这是因为在该条件下,橡胶带运转速度较快,使得在相同进料流量条件下,滤布上的浆体厚度很薄,导致滤布边缘存在轻微蹿气,压力无法上升,来不及抽吸浆体便已输送出抽滤区,只有少量水分被抽走,无法形成滤饼;延长停留时间至360 s时,前述现象有所缓解,可形成4 mm厚度滤饼,但存在明水,产品中含水量不达标;停留时间延长至640 s时,黄饼可正常产出(见图6);继续延长停留时间,滤饼会出现多个孔隙和裂缝(见图7)。
黄饼厚度取决于进料流量,决定了生产率,但存在1个流量合理区间:进料流量越大,黄饼厚度越大,含水量越易超标,尤其是表层存在明水;反之黄饼产量则过低,甚至也可能存在明水,因浆体易被抽穿致使压力过低。进料流量对黄饼产品含水量的影响试验结果见表5。可知,在进料流量为353.39 kg/h时,保持停留时间640 s,可形成3 mm厚度黄饼产品,由于物料薄易产生孔隙,所以系统最大压力为-0.07 MPa,但产品含水量可达标;继续增大进料流量,系统最大压力可达-0.08 MPa,流量增至588.98 kg/h时,黄饼产品厚度小于6 mm,此时含水量也可达标;但继续增大进料流量,则由于滤饼变厚,明水不易抽滤,产品中含水量超过30%。综合考虑,建议将进料流量控制在353~589 kg/h为宜,对应的入口浆体厚度≤18 mm,此条件下所制备的滤饼厚度可控制在3~6 mm范围内。
试验中,洗水及密封水介质均采用母液/滤液,其中本系统设置了两道洗水装置,每道洗水装置含6个高压喷嘴,通过调整循环泵回路阀门控制洗水量和密封水量,结合滤布清洗后样貌,确定总水量≥10 m3/h,水封支流流量≥0.3~1.2 m3/h。
对于本试验系统每小时可产出黄饼的体积,可根据下式计算:
$\frac{V}{t}$=$\frac{LW\delta }{t}$。
式中:L—抽滤区长度,m;W—滤布有效宽度,m;δ—滤饼厚度,m;t—停留时间,h。
L=3.3 m,W=0.5 m,δ=0.005 m,t=0.17 h,求得V/t=0.049 m3/h。
在抽滤真空度-0.06~-0.08 MPa、滤布精度38 μm、浆体停留时间640 s、进料流量353~589 kg/h、反洗及密封循环水量10 m3/h条件下制备湿黄饼。取湿黄饼样品3份进行密度测定,结果见表6,V1为母液初始体积,V2为向母液中加入湿黄饼样品后体积,二者之差(V2-V1)即为湿黄饼体积。
表6可知,3种湿黄饼平均密度为3 606 kg/m3。则系统每小时黄饼产量为:
$\frac{m}{t}$=$\frac{\rho V}{t}$=$\frac{3 606 kg/{m}^{3}\times 0.049 {m}^{3}}{1 h}$=176.694 kg/h,
因此,每平方滤布每小时黄饼产量为107.087 kg,即该系统的处理能力约为0.11 t/(m2·h)。按照矿山每年运行330天、带滤机全天候运行计算,并考虑浆体循环沉淀的间歇性操作等因素,该带滤机系统能满足约500 t铀金属的矿山处理需求。
采用水平带式真空过滤机对地浸铀矿山沉淀浆体进行脱水制备黄饼在技术上是可行的。试验优选的带滤机在抽滤真空度-0.06~-0.08 MPa、滤布精度38 μm、浆体停留时间640 s、进料流量353~589 kg/h、反洗及密封循环水量10 m3/h参数下运行,可连续稳定地生产黄饼,产品含水量可满足一级品标准。系统每平方滤布每小时可生产0.11 t黄饼,能满足年产500 t金属铀的矿山对沉淀浆体脱水能力要求。采用水平带式真空过滤机脱水过程无需人工干预,可显著减轻作业人员的劳动强度,降低辐射危害,也有利于整个水冶处理流程的自动化。
建议根据浆体物性和脱水工艺要求,进一步优化系统配置和布局,提高整体性和密闭性;同时进一步优化脱水参数,确保产能和产品质量,推动地浸铀矿山沉淀浆体从压滤脱水向抽滤脱水制备黄饼工艺转型。
  • 中核集团青年英才项目(地浸采铀新型地表固液分离系统研发及应用)
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2025年第44卷第1期
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doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.01.002
  • 接收时间:2024-09-25
  • 首发时间:2025-08-08
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-25
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中核集团青年英才项目(地浸采铀新型地表固液分离系统研发及应用)
作者信息
    1 核工业北京化工冶金研究院, 北京 101149
    2 中核铀业有限责任公司, 北京 100010
    3 中核内蒙古矿业有限公司, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 014010

通讯作者:

原渊(1986—),男,硕士,正高级工程师,主要研究方向为地浸采铀技术及管理。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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