Article(id=1160644751947551621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109990923072455, articleNumber=1009-2617(2025)02-0180-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721145600000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1754648872601, onlineDateStr=2025-08-08, pubDate=1745769600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1754648872601, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-08-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1754648872601, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1754648872601, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148109990923072455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2025', volume='44', issue='2', pageStart='133', pageEnd='279', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751660352687, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758246043500, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1175732380301148501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109990923072455, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1175732380301148502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109990923072455, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=180, endPage=188, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1160644752169849735, articleId=1160644751947551621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Pressure Leaching of Laterite Nickel Ore by Ferrous Sulfate Oxygen Pressure Leaching, columnId=1152626641181700664, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Experiment Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at a high iron and low grade laterite nickel ore in Indonesia, the effects of leaching conditions on the leaching of main valuable metals in the raw ore were analyzed, and the change of iron grade in the leaching residue was studied using ferrous sulfate as leaching agent. The results show that under the conditions of oxygen partial pressure of 0.4 MPa, dosage of ferrous sulfate of 280 kg/t, liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 3/1, stirring speed of 300 r/min,raw ore size of 140 ~ 200 μm and temperature of 240 ℃ for 45 min, the leaching rates of nickel and cobalt can reach 98.2% and 98.1%, respectively. The iron average grade of leaching slag can be increased to 55.8%, which is about 10% higher than that of raw ore. In the process of pressure leaching by oxygen, ferrous sulfate can be oxidized and decomposed into sulfuric acid and hematite, which is conducive to further improv the iron grade of the leaching residue.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiaoqing ZHENG, Jiawen GUO, Jinzhong CHEN, Weiguang ZHANG, Xuejiao CAO, Jifu FENG, Yibing LI, Zhonglin LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1160644857895669788, articleId=1160644751947551621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=CN, title=硫酸亚铁通氧加压浸出红土镍矿试验研究, columnId=1152626641328501305, journalTitle=湿法冶金, columnName=试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=以印度尼西亚某高铁低品位红土镍矿为研究对象,采用硫酸亚铁作浸出剂浸出其中的主要有价金属,分析了浸出条件对浸出的影响,并对浸出渣中铁品位变化进行研究。结果表明:在氧分压0.4 MPa、硫酸亚铁用量280 kg/t、液固体积质量比3/1、搅拌速度300 r/min、原矿粒度140~200 μm、温度240 ℃条件下反应45 min,镍和钴浸出率分别达98.2%、98.1%;浸出渣中铁品位平均可提高至55.8%,较原矿品位提高约10%;在通氧加压浸出过程中,硫酸亚铁可氧化分解出硫酸和赤铁矿,有利于进一步提高浸出渣铁品位。, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
陈进中(1968—),男,博士,教授级高级工程师,主要研究方向为有色金属冶金。E-mail:
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郑晓青(2000—),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为湿法冶金。

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2 Key Laboratory of New Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials Processing, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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2 桂林理工大学 有色金属及材料加工新技术教育部重点实验室, 广西 桂林 541004
3 桂林理工大学 有色金属矿产勘查与资源高效利用省部共建协同创新中心, 广西 桂林 541004, bio={"content":"

郑晓青(2000—),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为湿法冶金。

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郑晓青(2000—),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为湿法冶金。

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2 Key Laboratory of New Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials Processing, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
3 Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Efficient Utilization of Resources, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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2 桂林理工大学 有色金属及材料加工新技术教育部重点实验室, 广西 桂林 541004
3 桂林理工大学 有色金属矿产勘查与资源高效利用省部共建协同创新中心, 广西 桂林 541004
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2 Key Laboratory of New Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials Processing, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
3 Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Efficient Utilization of Resources, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1174443945305195087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, authorId=1174443945036759626, language=CN, stringName=陈进中, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1 桂林理工大学 材料科学与工程学院, 广西 桂林 541004
2 桂林理工大学 有色金属及材料加工新技术教育部重点实验室, 广西 桂林 541004
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2 Key Laboratory of New Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials Processing, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
3 Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Efficient Utilization of Resources, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1174443945623962198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, authorId=1174443945376498257, language=CN, stringName=张伟光, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1 桂林理工大学 材料科学与工程学院, 广西 桂林 541004
2 桂林理工大学 有色金属及材料加工新技术教育部重点实验室, 广西 桂林 541004
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2 Key Laboratory of New Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials Processing, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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2 Key Laboratory of New Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials Processing, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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2 Key Laboratory of New Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials Processing, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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Practice of the HPAL Ramu laterite nickel[J]. China Nonferrous Metallurgy, 2015, 44(6):11-14., articleTitle=Practice of the HPAL Ramu laterite nickel, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1174443950170587793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, awardId=52204358, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金--青年科学基金项目(52204358), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1174443950237696658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, awardId=2023GXNSFBA026140, language=CN, fundingSource=广西自然科学基金项目(2023GXNSFBA026140), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1174443950321582739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, awardId=桂科AA23023033, language=CN, fundingSource=广西科技重大专项(桂科AA23023033), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1174443950380302996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, awardId=桂科AD22035105, language=CN, 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caption=XRD pattern of ore sample, figureFileSmall=zr2inWDDgQ8LS5sjYMHS/Q==, figureFileBig=RvEOslckpQ66Tl5wZ2W93A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174443948182487676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, language=CN, label=图1, caption=矿样的XRD图谱, figureFileSmall=zr2inWDDgQ8LS5sjYMHS/Q==, figureFileBig=RvEOslckpQ66Tl5wZ2W93A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174443948283150973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of oxygen partial pressure on leaching, figureFileSmall=+mGP21cP88nOhR7YK1180g==, figureFileBig=zGfTVzDdZk3HSz4yhwcozg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174443948425757310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, language=CN, label=图2, caption=氧分压对浸出的影响

a—镍、钴浸出率;b—浸出渣铁品位。

, figureFileSmall=+mGP21cP88nOhR7YK1180g==, figureFileBig=zGfTVzDdZk3HSz4yhwcozg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174443948593529471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of ferrous sulfate dosage on leaching, figureFileSmall=G8ZQA2KimeHauEakEknDfw==, figureFileBig=yTsO82cXkJqBN59+EdZiCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174443948715164288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, language=CN, label=图3, caption=硫酸亚铁用量对浸出的影响

a—镍、钴浸出率;b—浸出渣铁品位。

, figureFileSmall=G8ZQA2KimeHauEakEknDfw==, figureFileBig=yTsO82cXkJqBN59+EdZiCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174443948820021889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of reaction temperature on leaching, figureFileSmall=Q+LoVllPlQ8Q1DIiBzgRDA==, figureFileBig=+LRRzJkQ4oUtfGQuyNgyIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174443948920685186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, language=CN, label=图4, caption=反应温度对浸出的影响

a—镍、钴浸出率;b—浸出渣铁品位。

, figureFileSmall=Q+LoVllPlQ8Q1DIiBzgRDA==, figureFileBig=+LRRzJkQ4oUtfGQuyNgyIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174443949038125699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of liquid volume to solid mass ratio on leaching, figureFileSmall=2Ln9ij8WL26CyGsYjRp50g==, figureFileBig=w05mqGd7ErAYzGuGEzbHcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174443949126206084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, language=CN, label=图5, caption=液固体积质量比对浸出的影响

a—镍、钴浸出率;b—浸出渣铁品位。

, figureFileSmall=2Ln9ij8WL26CyGsYjRp50g==, figureFileBig=w05mqGd7ErAYzGuGEzbHcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174443949197509253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of stirring speed on leaching, figureFileSmall=gteWvX3Eg7oNk9tgfj+Tnw==, figureFileBig=joytunA8xFk6CqW9VofS7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174443949252035206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, language=CN, label=图6, caption=搅拌速度对浸出的影响

a—镍、钴浸出率;b—浸出渣铁品位。

, figureFileSmall=gteWvX3Eg7oNk9tgfj+Tnw==, figureFileBig=joytunA8xFk6CqW9VofS7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174443949314949767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effect of reaction time on leaching, figureFileSmall=fJgdeH36awsqJKaYdAMSRQ==, figureFileBig=4EAGbMR54CmvL2uPXGwE6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174443949377864328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, language=CN, label=图7, caption=反应时间对浸出的影响

a—镍、钴浸出率;b—浸出渣铁品位。

, figureFileSmall=fJgdeH36awsqJKaYdAMSRQ==, figureFileBig=4EAGbMR54CmvL2uPXGwE6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174443949512082057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effect of raw ore particle size on leaching, figureFileSmall=I2Pb9aamCNJk/yhV41EqtQ==, figureFileBig=yi7uEdCJ52/l9A53oKJV0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174443949583385226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, language=CN, label=图8, caption=原矿粒度对浸出的影响

a—镍、钴浸出率;b—浸出渣铁品位。

, figureFileSmall=I2Pb9aamCNJk/yhV41EqtQ==, figureFileBig=yi7uEdCJ52/l9A53oKJV0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174443949642105483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=XRD pattern of leaching residue, figureFileSmall=W+bJUfv/GRimO5quAraDkQ==, figureFileBig=3gnMkhyaM/b1mDRxG6jEOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174443949696631436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, language=CN, label=图9, caption=浸出渣的XRD图谱, figureFileSmall=W+bJUfv/GRimO5quAraDkQ==, figureFileBig=3gnMkhyaM/b1mDRxG6jEOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174443949780517517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Results of chemical composition analysis of raw ore %

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Fe Al Cr Si Mg Ni Mn Co Ca
44.97 3.08 2.19 1.34 1.02 0.83 0.69 0.07 0.06
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原矿的化学成分分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Fe Al Cr Si Mg Ni Mn Co Ca
44.97 3.08 2.19 1.34 1.02 0.83 0.69 0.07 0.06
), ArticleFig(id=1174443949910540943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Parallel optimization test results under optimal conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号 浸出率/% 浸出渣中铁品位/%
Ni Co
1 98.4 98.3 55.9
2 98.2 98.0 56.1
3 98.1 98.2 55.6
均值 98.2 98.1 55.8
标准差 0.15 0.15 0.25
), ArticleFig(id=1174443949981844112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1160644751947551621, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

最佳条件下的平行优化试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号 浸出率/% 浸出渣中铁品位/%
Ni Co
1 98.4 98.3 55.9
2 98.2 98.0 56.1
3 98.1 98.2 55.6
均值 98.2 98.1 55.8
标准差 0.15 0.15 0.25
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硫酸亚铁通氧加压浸出红土镍矿试验研究
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郑晓青 1, 2, 3 , 郭佳文 1, 2, 3, 4 , 陈进中 1, 2, 3 , 张伟光 1, 2, 3 , 曹雪娇 1, 2, 3 , 冯吉福 4 , 李义兵 1, 2, 3 , 李中林 1, 2, 3
湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025,44(2): 180-188
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湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025, 44(2): 180-188
硫酸亚铁通氧加压浸出红土镍矿试验研究
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郑晓青1, 2, 3, 郭佳文1, 2, 3, 4, 陈进中1, 2, 3 , 张伟光1, 2, 3, 曹雪娇1, 2, 3, 冯吉福4, 李义兵1, 2, 3, 李中林1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1 桂林理工大学 材料科学与工程学院, 广西 桂林 541004
  • 2 桂林理工大学 有色金属及材料加工新技术教育部重点实验室, 广西 桂林 541004
  • 3 桂林理工大学 有色金属矿产勘查与资源高效利用省部共建协同创新中心, 广西 桂林 541004
  • 4 中国有色桂林矿产地质研究院有限公司, 广西 桂林 541004
  • 郑晓青(2000—),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为湿法冶金。

通讯作者:

陈进中(1968—),男,博士,教授级高级工程师,主要研究方向为有色金属冶金。E-mail:
Pressure Leaching of Laterite Nickel Ore by Ferrous Sulfate Oxygen Pressure Leaching
Xiaoqing ZHENG1, 2, 3, Jiawen GUO1, 2, 3, 4, Jinzhong CHEN1, 2, 3 , Weiguang ZHANG1, 2, 3, Xuejiao CAO1, 2, 3, Jifu FENG4, Yibing LI1, 2, 3, Zhonglin LI1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of New Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials Processing, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
  • 3 Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Efficient Utilization of Resources, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
  • 4 China Nonferrous Guilin Institute of Mineral Geology Co., Ltd., Guilin 541004, China
出版时间: 2025-04-28 doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.006
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以印度尼西亚某高铁低品位红土镍矿为研究对象,采用硫酸亚铁作浸出剂浸出其中的主要有价金属,分析了浸出条件对浸出的影响,并对浸出渣中铁品位变化进行研究。结果表明:在氧分压0.4 MPa、硫酸亚铁用量280 kg/t、液固体积质量比3/1、搅拌速度300 r/min、原矿粒度140~200 μm、温度240 ℃条件下反应45 min,镍和钴浸出率分别达98.2%、98.1%;浸出渣中铁品位平均可提高至55.8%,较原矿品位提高约10%;在通氧加压浸出过程中,硫酸亚铁可氧化分解出硫酸和赤铁矿,有利于进一步提高浸出渣铁品位。
红土镍矿  /  氧气  /  加压浸出  /  硫酸亚铁  /  镍

Aiming at a high iron and low grade laterite nickel ore in Indonesia, the effects of leaching conditions on the leaching of main valuable metals in the raw ore were analyzed, and the change of iron grade in the leaching residue was studied using ferrous sulfate as leaching agent. The results show that under the conditions of oxygen partial pressure of 0.4 MPa, dosage of ferrous sulfate of 280 kg/t, liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 3/1, stirring speed of 300 r/min,raw ore size of 140 ~ 200 μm and temperature of 240 ℃ for 45 min, the leaching rates of nickel and cobalt can reach 98.2% and 98.1%, respectively. The iron average grade of leaching slag can be increased to 55.8%, which is about 10% higher than that of raw ore. In the process of pressure leaching by oxygen, ferrous sulfate can be oxidized and decomposed into sulfuric acid and hematite, which is conducive to further improv the iron grade of the leaching residue.

laterite nickel ore  /  oxygen  /  pressure leaching  /  ferrous sulfate  /  nickel
郑晓青, 郭佳文, 陈进中, 张伟光, 曹雪娇, 冯吉福, 李义兵, 李中林. 硫酸亚铁通氧加压浸出红土镍矿试验研究. 湿法冶金, 2025 , 44 (2) : 180 -188 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.006
Xiaoqing ZHENG, Jiawen GUO, Jinzhong CHEN, Weiguang ZHANG, Xuejiao CAO, Jifu FENG, Yibing LI, Zhonglin LI. Pressure Leaching of Laterite Nickel Ore by Ferrous Sulfate Oxygen Pressure Leaching[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2025 , 44 (2) : 180 -188 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.006
镍因具有高强度、高韧性、耐热性及耐腐蚀性等优势,在不锈钢制造与新能源领域占据重要地位,是国家发展战略中不可或缺的关键材料。根据美国地质调查局(USGS)2021年统计数据,全球已探明陆地镍储量中,含镍量超过0.5%的总量达3亿t,其中硫化镍矿与红土镍矿占比分别为40%和60%。随着镍基电池需求激增,国际市场对原镍的需求也持续攀升[1-3],预计至2040年,全球镍需求量将显著增长,增幅可能达41%[2]。这一明显增长趋势,加之高品质镍矿石的日益稀缺,推进了全球采矿业对未开发镍矿床的加速勘探[4-6]。在此背景下,高效开发低品位镍矿资源显得尤为重要。“十四五”规划期间,我国将新能源汽车与绿色环保产业列为重点发展领域,镍作为生产新能源汽车动力电池的关键金属,其重要性日益凸显[7-9]。但由于国内高品质硫化镍矿石供应持续萎缩,我国对硫化镍矿开发尚未取得突破性进展,同时受国际技术垄断的影响,导致我国镍资源高度依赖进口[10-11],且以低品位红土镍矿进口为主[12-13]。因此,加快技术创新,实现低品位红土镍矿的高效、经济开发利用,对于缓解国内镍供需紧张、促进新能源产业可持续发展具有重大意义。
当前,对低品位红土镍矿的研究主要聚焦于加压浸出工艺,常用浸出剂包括硫酸[14-15]、盐酸[16-17]及硝酸[18-19]。但这些酸浸方法存在诸多弊端,如硫酸浸出法渣铁含量不达标、含硫量高易导致资源化利用困难及环境污染[20-21];盐酸与硝酸浸出法都存在经济效益低、运输储存不便、安全风险高,以及长期使用高压釜会出现内壁结垢、管道堵塞、传热效率低[22-23]等问题。鉴于此,探索并开发高效、安全、易操作的固体盐类浸出剂逐渐成为了研究热点。硫酸亚铁作为潜在的新型浸出剂,具有运输储存便捷、操作安全、设备要求低等优势,且能有效解决红土镍矿加压浸出中铁含量不足的问题,使浸出渣中铁含量达到钢铁厂炼铁原料要求,实现红土镍矿里高含量铁的高值化利用。因此,试验采用硫酸亚铁浸出印度尼西亚某高铁低品位红土镍矿,研究了各浸出因素对主要金属元素浸出的影响,并讨论了浸出渣中铁品位的变化。
试验用高铁低品位红土镍矿取自印度尼西亚,呈黄褐色及红褐色。原矿经干燥、破碎、混合均匀后,通过X射线荧光光谱分析其主要化学元素含量,通过原子吸收光谱法测定含量偏低的金属元素,通过滴定法测定含量偏高元素。原矿的化学成分分析结果见表1。对110 ℃下干燥24 h后的试验矿物进行物相分析,结果如图1所示。
表1可知,试验用原矿中铁含量较高,为44.97%;镍和钴含量较低,分别为0.83%和0.07%。由图1看出,原矿中主要成分有针铁矿、蛇纹石、铬铁矿、磁铁矿、赤铁矿,还有少量石英;未检测到单独的含镍矿物,可能是原矿中镍含量较低所致;FeO(OH)的衍射峰强度最大,其次是(Mg,Al)3[Si2O5](OH)、(Fe,Cr)3O4,说明针铁矿是原矿的主要矿物组成,其次是蛇纹石、铬铁矿。
主要试剂:七水合硫酸亚铁(西陇科学股份有限公司),AR;纯水。
主要设备:GSH-1型磁力驱动高压釜(威海市行雨化工试验器械有限公司);DHLT-9076A型鼓风干燥箱(上海精宏试验设备有限公司);ZSX PrimusⅣ型X射线荧光光谱仪(日本理学公司);Z-2000型原子吸收光谱仪(日本日立公司);D/max-2600型X射线衍射仪(日本理学公司);725-ICP-OES型电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(安捷伦科技有限公司);DISCV-Ⅳ-24型超纯水机(成都艾柯水处理设备有限公司)。
硫酸亚铁通氧加压浸出试验在高压釜内进行。称取200 g原料和一定量硫酸亚铁,加入纯水,密封釜体并进行加热,达到设定温度后通入一定分压的氧气并开始记录反应时间。反应结束后,停止加热并关闭氧气阀,对冷却后的矿浆进行液固分离并保留浸出液。浸出渣用蒸馏水冲洗过滤后,在110 ℃下烘干、称重,然后用王水溶解并稀释定容得待测液。测定待测液中镍、钴和铁含量,从而确定目标元素浸出率。硫酸亚铁通氧加压浸出过程中发生的主要化学反应[24]如下(Me代表Ni、Co、Fe等):
4Fe2+ +O2+4H2O═══════2Fe2${{O}_{3}}_{\left(s\right)}$+8H+;
Me2${{O}_{n}}_{\left(s\right)}$+2nH+═══════2Men++nH2O;
2Fe3++3H2O═══════Fe2O3(s)+6H+
利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定待测液中镍、钴浓度测定,根据式(4)计算镍、钴浸出率ηB:
ηB=$\frac{{m}_{B}-{m}_{B1}}{{m}_{B}}$×100%。
式中:ηB—金属浸出率,%;mB1—待测液中金属质量,g;mB—原矿中金属质量,g。
利用浸出渣中铁质量及浸出渣质量,并依据式(5)计算得出铁品位w:
w=$\frac{{m}_{a}}{{m}_{b}}$×100%。
式中:w—铁品位,%;ma—浸出渣中铁质量,g;mb—浸出渣质量,g。
在硫酸亚铁用量240 kg/t、反应温度230 ℃、液固体积质量比3/1、搅拌速度400 r/min、浸出时间60 min、矿物粒度140~200 μm条件下,氧分压对浸出的影响如图2所示。
图2(a)可知:随氧分压增大,镍和钴浸出率不断升高;氧分压增至0.4 MPa后,继续增加氧分压,二者浸出率变化均不大。这是由于加压浸出反应过程中,溶解氧是主要的氧化剂,氧分压升高,单位体积内溶解氧增多,氧气与硫酸亚铁的接触概率增大,能更好地氧化分解生成硫酸,促进反应向正向进行。由图2(b)可知,随氧分压增大,浸出渣铁品位有所增加。综合考虑,选定适宜的氧分压为0.4 MPa,此条件下,镍、钴浸出率为79.9%、92.6%,浸出渣铁品位为53.3%。
在氧分压0.4 MPa、反应温度230 ℃、液固体积质量比3/1、搅拌速度400 r/min、浸出时间60 min、矿物粒度140~200 μm条件下,硫酸亚铁用量对浸出的影响如图3所示。
图3(a)可知:硫酸亚铁用量增大可促进镍和钴浸出率提升,但用量超过280 kg/t后,镍和钴浸出率变化不明显。这是由于随硫酸亚铁用量增加,氧化分解所得硫酸增加,矿物与浸出剂接触概率增大,浸出反应更完全。由图3(b)可知,随硫酸亚铁用量增大,浸出渣铁品位有所提高。综合考虑,选定适宜的硫酸亚铁用量为280 kg/t,此条件下,镍、钴浸出率分别为97.2%、96.9%,浸出渣铁品位为56.1%。
在氧分压0.4 MPa、硫酸亚铁用量280 kg/t、液固体积质量比3∶1、搅拌速度 400 r/min、矿物粒度140~200 μm条件下反应60 min,反应温度对浸出的影响如图4所示。
图4(a)可知:反应温度在200 ~240 ℃范围内,镍、钴浸出率随反应温度升高呈明显升高趋势,这是因为随反应温度升高,矿物在浸出剂里的反应活性加大,分子运动速度加快,有效碰撞次数增加,使得反应速率加快反应温度;反应温度超过240 ℃后,镍、钴浸出率变化均不明显。由图4(b)可知,随温度升高,浸出渣铁品位提高。综合考虑,选定适宜的反应温度为240 ℃,此条件下,镍、钴浸出率分别为98.8%、97.5%,浸出渣铁品位为56.0%。
在氧分压0.4 MPa、硫酸亚铁用量280 kg/t、反应温度240 ℃、搅拌速度400 r/min、反应时间60 min、矿物粒度140~200 μm条件下,液固体积质量比对浸出的影响如图5所示。
图5(a)看出:液固体积质量比从1/2增至3/1,镍、钴浸出率明显升高;液固体积质量比继续增大,镍、钴浸出率变化很小。液固体积质量比较小时,体系传质与传热过程会受阻,如果液固体积质量比过小则会引发体系内固体颗粒的聚集,减缓离子外扩散速度,并缩减浸出剂与矿物之间的接触面积,造成操作难度增大;液固体积质量比过大不仅会造成后续过滤等工序困难,也会使操作成本增加。由图5(b)可知,随液固体积质量比增大,浸出渣铁品位有所提高。综合考虑,选定适宜定液固体积质量比为3/1,此条件下,镍、钴浸出率分别为98.8%、97.5%,浸出渣铁品位为56.0%。
在氧分压0.4 MPa、硫酸亚铁用量280 kg/t、液固体积质量比3/1、矿物粒度140~200 μm、温度240 ℃、反应时间60 min条件下,搅拌速度对浸出的影响如图6所示。
图6(a)可知:镍和钴浸出率随搅拌速度增大而显著升高;当搅拌速度增至300 r/min后,镍和钴浸出率升幅较小。这是因为低搅拌速度条件下因搅拌强度不足,矿浆中颗粒沉积,影响浸出效果;而搅拌速度过大时,因镍和钴浸出已基本完成,对浸出影响较小。由图6(b)可知,随搅拌速度增大,浸出渣铁品位有所提高。考虑到搅拌速度过高会增加能耗,提高成本,因此选定适宜的搅拌速度为300 r/min,此条件下,镍和钴浸出率分别为98.4%、98.3%,浸出渣铁品位为55.7%。
在氧分压0.4 MPa、硫酸亚铁用量280 kg/t、液固体积质量比3/1、矿物粒度140~200 μm、反应温度240 ℃、搅拌速度300 r/min条件下,反应时间对浸出的影响如图7所示。
图7(a)可知:在反应初期阶段,随反应时间延长,镍和钴浸出率呈明显升高趋势;浸出进行至45 min时,镍和钴浸出率分别达98.1%、98.2%;之后继续浸出,2种金属浸出率升幅不明显。这是由于随反应时间延长,矿物与浸出剂接触更加充分,使反应体系传质更均匀,有利于矿物中有价金属的浸出;而浸出反应达到平衡时,继续延长反应时间,对提高浸出效果没有明显作用,还会增加成本。由图7(b)可知,随反应时间延长,浸出渣铁品位略有提高,这是高价态钴、镍难以被浸出,反应结束后会继续留在浸出渣中导致。综合考虑,选定适宜的反应时间为45 min,此条件下,镍、钴浸出率分别为98.4%、98.3%,浸出渣铁品位为55.9%。
在硫酸亚铁用量280 kg/t、反应温度240 ℃、液固体积质量比3/1、搅拌速度为300 r/min、反应时间45 min条件下,原矿粒度对浸出的影响如图8所示。
图8(a)可知:镍钴浸出率随原料粒度减小呈升高趋势;当粒度减小至140~200 μm时,进一步减小原矿粒度,镍和钴浸出率逐渐趋于稳定。这是由于矿物粒度越细,比表面积越大,矿物与浸出剂接触越充分,反应活性也越大,有利于有价金属的浸出;但粒度过小可能会造成反应过程中物料发生团聚现象,此外还会加大磨矿处理成本,增大后续液固分离难度。由图8(b)可知,随原矿粒度减小,浸出渣铁品位变化很小。综合考虑,选定适宜的原矿粒度为140~200 μm,此条件下,镍、钴浸出率分别为98.4%、98.3%,浸出渣铁品位为55.9%。
根据上述单因素条件试验确定最优浸出条件为:氧分压0.4 MPa,硫酸亚铁用量280 kg/t,反应温度240 ℃,液固体积质量比3/1,搅拌速度为300 r/min,反应时间45 min,原矿粒度140~200 μm。在该条件下进行3组平行优化试验,结果见表2。可知,镍、钴平均浸出率分别为98.2%、98.1%;浸出渣铁平均品位为55.8%,说明在硫酸亚铁加压浸出体系中,镍和钴浸出效果较好。
最优工艺条件下的浸出渣的XRD图谱如图9所示。可以看出:浸出渣中矿相主体为赤铁矿;赤铁矿的衍射峰非常尖锐,尖峰强度也较高,表明晶型较完善,这主要是在加压酸浸工艺中,硫酸中的H+与存在于红土镍矿中的部分金属氧化物反应,导致金属转化为相应的离子形态,进而迁移至浸出液中,随后浸出液中的三价铁离子于高温环境下经水解沉淀反应,最终以赤铁矿的形式沉淀析出,进入浸出渣中;渣中还存在少许没有浸出完全的蛇纹石,以及些许杂质有价金属元素的硅酸盐;此外,还存在少许无定形物,推断可能是少许无定形的石英。
1)针对印度尼西亚某高铁低品位红土镍矿,采用硫酸亚铁通氧加压浸出技术,在氧分压0.4 MPa、硫酸亚铁用量280 kg/t、液固体积质量比3/1、搅拌速度300 r/min、原矿粒度140~200 μm、温度240 ℃最优条件下反应45 min,镍和钴浸出率分别可达98.2%、98.1%。针对相同的高铁低品位红土镍矿物料,分别采用硫酸亚铁通氧加压浸出和硫酸加压浸出2种工艺进行处理,前者的反应温度比后者下降10 ℃,浸出时间减少15 min,硫酸亚铁通氧加压浸出法对于高铁低品位红土镍矿的处理适应性更好。
2)硫酸亚铁在通氧加压浸出过程中,氧化分解生成硫酸和赤铁矿,有利于进一步提高浸出渣铁品位。在最佳浸出工艺条件下,浸出渣铁品位平均可提高至55.8%,较原矿品位提高约10%,能满足炼铁原料对铁品位(不低于55%)的要求。后续可通过浸出渣脱硫处理,满足炼铁原料对硫含量的要求,从而实现对浸出渣的资源化利用。
  • 国家自然科学基金--青年科学基金项目(52204358)
  • 广西自然科学基金项目(2023GXNSFBA026140)
  • 广西科技重大专项(桂科AA23023033)
  • 广西科技基地和人才专项项目(桂科AD22035105)
  • 中色基金项目(2022-2-KJJH01)
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doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.006
  • 接收时间:2024-07-17
  • 首发时间:2025-08-08
  • 出版时间:2025-04-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-17
基金
国家自然科学基金--青年科学基金项目(52204358)
广西自然科学基金项目(2023GXNSFBA026140)
广西科技重大专项(桂科AA23023033)
广西科技基地和人才专项项目(桂科AD22035105)
中色基金项目(2022-2-KJJH01)
作者信息
    1 桂林理工大学 材料科学与工程学院, 广西 桂林 541004
    2 桂林理工大学 有色金属及材料加工新技术教育部重点实验室, 广西 桂林 541004
    3 桂林理工大学 有色金属矿产勘查与资源高效利用省部共建协同创新中心, 广西 桂林 541004
    4 中国有色桂林矿产地质研究院有限公司, 广西 桂林 541004

通讯作者:

陈进中(1968—),男,博士,教授级高级工程师,主要研究方向为有色金属冶金。E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/sfyj/CN/10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.006
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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