Article(id=1148109995809435971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109990923072455, articleNumber=1009-2617(2025)02-0247-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1719331200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751660353853, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1745769600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751660353853, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751660353853, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751660353853, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148109990923072455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2025', volume='44', issue='2', pageStart='133', pageEnd='279', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751660352687, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758246043500, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1175732380301148501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109990923072455, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1175732380301148502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109990923072455, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=247, endPage=255, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1148109996228866394, articleId=1148109995809435971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Removal of Superstandard Components from Acidic Seepage Water Containing Uranium in a Mining Area, columnId=1152626641181700664, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Experiment Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The removal method of superstandard components of uranium acid seepage water from sulphur-containing uranium waste rock in a mining area was studied. Firstly, 1 g/L mineral powder was added to the wastewater exceeding the standard to remove Cd, Cu and part U, and then the pH of seepage water from the waste rock landfill on the south and north sides was adjusted from 2.78 and 2.66 to 4.70 and 4.30, respectively, and the optimal contact reaction time was 30 min. The effects of Mg(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3 and NaOH on the further treatment of U, Mn and Zn in the effluent treated by ore powder were compared. The results show that Ca(OH)2 has the best removal effects on U, Mn and Zn.Under the conditions of 0.32 and 0.96 g/L of Ca(OH)2 and pH of 7 ~ 8, the removal rate of U, Cu, Cd, Zn and Mn can reach over 99.8%, over 90%, over 90%, over 95% and over 75.5%, respectively. And the settling speed is fast, and the suspended liquid volume can be reduced by about 70% after standing for 60 min. The precise calculation of the change of ion concentration during the addition of Ca(OH)2. The results of sediment characterization show that hydrotaltale-like substances are formed during the purification process,Mn2+ and Zn2+ ions entered the hydrotalc structure and are removed,and uranyl ions may be removed by electrostatic adsorption with hydrotalc, surface complexation or interlayer anion exchange.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yang WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1148110006358110362, articleId=1148109995809435971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=CN, title=从某矿区含铀酸性渗出水中去除超标组分研究, columnId=1152626641328501305, journalTitle=湿法冶金, columnName=试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=针对某矿区含硫铀废石堆含铀酸性超标渗出水,研究了其超标组分的去除方法。首先在超标废水中添加1 g/L矿粉去除Cd、Cu及部分U,再将南、北两侧废石堆场渗出水pH分别由2.78、2.66调节至4.70、4.30,并在最佳接触反应时间为30 min条件下,对比了Mg(OH)2、Ca(OH)2、Na2CO3和NaOH深度法除矿粉处理后渗出水中U、Mn、Zn的效果。结果表明:相较而言,Ca(OH)2对U、Mn、Zn去除效果最优;在南、北两侧废石堆场渗出水的Ca(OH)2加入量分别为0.32和0.96 g/L、渗出水pH为7~8条件下,U去除率达99.8%以上,Cu、Cd去除率均达90%以上,Zn去除率达95%以上,Mn去除率达75.5%以上,且沉降速度快,静置60 min悬混液体积可缩减70%左右;对Ca(OH)2加入过程中离子浓度变化的精确计算和沉淀物表征结果表明,净化过程中有类水滑石物质生成,Mn2+、Zn2+进入水滑石结构中被去除,铀酰离子可能通过与水滑石间静电吸附、表面配合或通过层间阴离子交换等方式实现去除。, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=4pVf4+8MXZtXDw2bjzuSbw==, magXml=kVNNlilq/iLoyDuk/67EqA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=+dS/WtS0zxLtD/7Ns/PSRQ==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=yWJSGedgPtOr70vJ0dL0xA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王扬(1981—),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为环境保护与辐射防护。

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王扬(1981—),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为环境保护与辐射防护。

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王扬(1981—),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为环境保护与辐射防护。

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ZnMnCo-LDHs的制备及其对磷酸根废水吸附性能研究[J]. 化学试剂, 2023, 45(10):117-123., articleTitle=ZnMnCo-LDHs的制备及其对磷酸根废水吸附性能研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174444028453073529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=45, issue=10, pageStart=117, pageEnd=123, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=23, authorNames=CUI Baoyu, LI Yang, WANG Jiahua, journalName=Chemical Reagents, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CUI Baoyu, LI Yang, WANG Jiahua, et al. Preparation of ZnMnCo-LDHs and its adsorption properties to phosphate wastewater[J]. Chemical Reagents, 2023, 45(10):117-123., articleTitle=Preparation of ZnMnCo-LDHs and its adsorption properties to phosphate wastewater, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1174444021679272488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174444021687661097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, companyId=1174444021679272488, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC, Beijing 101149), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174444021696049706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, companyId=1174444021679272488, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=核工业北京化工冶金研究院, 北京 101149)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1174444023260525118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Change curves of mass concentration of superstandard ions in south seepage with mineral powder mass to seepage water volume ratio, figureFileSmall=99QmiXWeyQmq1UcLGCo4qA==, figureFileBig=/sNkD05YuVqZPkvOo6pRGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444023356994111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=CN, label=图1, caption=南侧渗出水超标离子质量浓度随矿粉与渗出水质量体积比的变化趋势, figureFileSmall=99QmiXWeyQmq1UcLGCo4qA==, figureFileBig=/sNkD05YuVqZPkvOo6pRGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444023411520064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Change curve of pH of seepage water in south side with mineral powder mass to seepage water volume ratio, figureFileSmall=R6X1X3WEysxrr5Djem7Wrw==, figureFileBig=ThtlHWFDrIdqtR8wKYJLZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444023466046017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=CN, label=图2, caption=南侧渗出水pH随矿粉与渗出水质量体积比的变化趋势, figureFileSmall=R6X1X3WEysxrr5Djem7Wrw==, figureFileBig=ThtlHWFDrIdqtR8wKYJLZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444023537349186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Change curves of excessive ion mass concentration in north side with mineral powder mass to seepage water volume ratio, figureFileSmall=QDzfHN+Y1R/RksgCZCYybg==, figureFileBig=tmD+w96NkOhy0Nt6uuHFrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444023617040963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=CN, label=图3, caption=北侧渗出水超标离子质量浓度随矿粉与渗出水质量体积比的变化趋势, figureFileSmall=QDzfHN+Y1R/RksgCZCYybg==, figureFileBig=tmD+w96NkOhy0Nt6uuHFrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444023747064388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Change curve of pH of seepage water in the north side with mineral powder mass to seepage water volume ratio, figureFileSmall=XMRB8sHYh07R8OjTv+po7g==, figureFileBig=7CwRnLgcdbZqoLMifazvrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444023797396037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=CN, label=图4, caption=北侧渗出水pH随矿粉与渗出水质量体积比的变化趋势, figureFileSmall=XMRB8sHYh07R8OjTv+po7g==, figureFileBig=7CwRnLgcdbZqoLMifazvrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444023893865030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Change curves of concentration of superstandard ions in south seepage with contact reaction time of mineral powder and seepage water, figureFileSmall=1WFPIG9BQKpEPdBWuRTRiw==, figureFileBig=Ov4Ml6uyHPlg/F6hMmwQzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444023948390983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=CN, label=图5, caption=南侧渗出水超标离子质量浓度随矿粉与渗出水接触反应时间的变化趋势, figureFileSmall=1WFPIG9BQKpEPdBWuRTRiw==, figureFileBig=Ov4Ml6uyHPlg/F6hMmwQzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444024019694152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Change curves of pH of seepage water in south with contact reaction time of mineral powder and seepage water, figureFileSmall=Is7RiUmSi7IULnyuQq2tZg==, figureFileBig=6Cuzn2nozdk7eFI13DgANg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444024103580233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=CN, label=图6, caption=南侧渗出水pH随矿粉与渗出水接触反应时间的变化趋势, figureFileSmall=Is7RiUmSi7IULnyuQq2tZg==, figureFileBig=6Cuzn2nozdk7eFI13DgANg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444024246186570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Change curves concentration of excessive ion mass in north seepage with contact reaction time of mineral powder and seepage water, figureFileSmall=wSBgZ7oLv1AOJOywLrEElg==, figureFileBig=U9gVc2QFJgUKRlpF9KPySg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444024439124555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=CN, label=图7, caption=北侧渗出水超标离子质量浓度随矿粉与渗出水接触反应时间的变化趋势, figureFileSmall=wSBgZ7oLv1AOJOywLrEElg==, figureFileBig=U9gVc2QFJgUKRlpF9KPySg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444024514622028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Change curves of seepage pH in north side with contact reaction time between mineral powder and seepage water, figureFileSmall=llyLkbHTIMKNfWcEKPebuw==, figureFileBig=nPQlYrGZPbrRYC0SSOwnmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444024581730893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=CN, label=图8, caption=北侧渗出水pH随矿粉与渗出水接触反应时间的变化趋势, figureFileSmall=llyLkbHTIMKNfWcEKPebuw==, figureFileBig=nPQlYrGZPbrRYC0SSOwnmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444024665616974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Comparison of sedimentation rates of different alkaline substances, figureFileSmall=v1a5N/5Z/xX5TWdAiBKESw==, figureFileBig=A+yndoy0prDFs8kj/w73Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444024720142927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同碱性物质的沉降速率对比

—■—NaOH;—■—NaOH+矿粉;—▲—Ca(OH)2;—▲—Ca(OH)2+矿粉;—●—Mg(OH)2;—●—Mg(OH)2+矿粉;—◆—Na2CO3;—◆—Na2CO3+矿粉。

, figureFileSmall=v1a5N/5Z/xX5TWdAiBKESw==, figureFileBig=A+yndoy0prDFs8kj/w73Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444024783057488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=FI-IR spectrum of sediment, figureFileSmall=FBHsjglLA5QFJD2GTyXSxA==, figureFileBig=9kcVLKFv3cVlaF7bcc1jQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444024850166353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=CN, label=图10, caption=沉淀物的FI-IR图谱, figureFileSmall=FBHsjglLA5QFJD2GTyXSxA==, figureFileBig=9kcVLKFv3cVlaF7bcc1jQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174444024992772690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Water quality analysis results of uranium-containing acid seepage from south and north waste rock dumps mg/L

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分 北侧 南侧 成分 北侧 南侧
U 1.06 0.59 F- <10 <10
Cr <0.5 <0.5 $\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}$ <10 <10
Cd 0.278 0.58 Cl- 2.05 3.6
Mn 1.77 2.9 $\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}$ 2 770 1 310
Pb <2 <2 P <0.5 <0.5
Ni 1.99 1.51 Na 4.06 6.41
Zn 4.62 5.02 K 1.54 5.94
Cu 1.66 0.05 Ca 118 130
Fe 22.7 52.8 Mg 80.7 47.7
Ag <0.5 <0.5 Al 261 52
As* <2 <2 Hg* <0.1 <0.1
), ArticleFig(id=1174444025089241683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

南、北侧废石堆场含铀酸性渗出水的水质分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分 北侧 南侧 成分 北侧 南侧
U 1.06 0.59 F- <10 <10
Cr <0.5 <0.5 $\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}$ <10 <10
Cd 0.278 0.58 Cl- 2.05 3.6
Mn 1.77 2.9 $\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}$ 2 770 1 310
Pb <2 <2 P <0.5 <0.5
Ni 1.99 1.51 Na 4.06 6.41
Zn 4.62 5.02 K 1.54 5.94
Cu 1.66 0.05 Ca 118 130
Fe 22.7 52.8 Mg 80.7 47.7
Ag <0.5 <0.5 Al 261 52
As* <2 <2 Hg* <0.1 <0.1
), ArticleFig(id=1174444025223459412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Concentration and discharge standard of superstandard elements in uranium-containing acid seepage water from south and north waste rock dumps mg/L

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
超标元素及pH 南侧 北侧 排放标准
U 0.59 1.06 0.3
Cd 0.58 0.28 0.1
Cu 1.66 1.0
Zn 5.02 4.3* 5.0
Mn 2.90 0.60* 2.0
), ArticleFig(id=1174444025311539797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

南、北侧废石堆场含铀酸性渗出水中超标元素浓度及排放标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
超标元素及pH 南侧 北侧 排放标准
U 0.59 1.06 0.3
Cd 0.58 0.28 0.1
Cu 1.66 1.0
Zn 5.02 4.3* 5.0
Mn 2.90 0.60* 2.0
), ArticleFig(id=1174444025395425878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Mass fraction of each component in mineral powder

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素 质量分数/% 元素 质量分数/%
S 0.93 Ti 0.84
SiO2 31.4 K 0.25
Ca 26.2 Na 0.39
Mg 5.18 Cl- 0.31
Al 8.54 Zr 0.03
Fe 0.25 F- <0.1
Mn 0.32 烧失量 25.2
), ArticleFig(id=1174444025445757527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

矿粉中各组分的质量分数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素 质量分数/% 元素 质量分数/%
S 0.93 Ti 0.84
SiO2 31.4 K 0.25
Ca 26.2 Na 0.39
Mg 5.18 Cl- 0.31
Al 8.54 Zr 0.03
Fe 0.25 F- <0.1
Mn 0.32 烧失量 25.2
), ArticleFig(id=1174444025517060696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Removal of ions from south seeping water treated with alkaline substances

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
碱性物质种类 滴加量/mL U Mn Zn pH
质量浓度/
(mg·L-1)
去除率% 质量浓度/
(mg·L-1)
去除率% 质量浓度/
(mg·L-1)
去除率%
0.0 56.9 3.79 4.5 4.70
Na2CO3 1.2 3.36 11.3 2.2 50.7 6.00
1.6 2.51 33.8 <0.2 >95.5 6.95
1.8 2.1 96.3 0.21 94.5 <0.2 >95.5 8.01
Mg(OH)2 4.0 3.30 12.9 2.4 46.4 5.96
5.0 —3.03 20.1 <0.2 >95.5 7.00
5.8 1.7 97.0 2.27 40.1 <0.2 >95.5 7.89
Ca(OH)2 1.1 3.15 16.9 3.1 30.8 5.97
1.4 —2.47 34.8 <0.2 >95.5 6.93
1.6 1.3 97.7 0.81 78.6 <0.2 >95.5 8.11
NaOH 0.9 3.30 12.9 3.8 15.6 5.96
1.5 2.21 41.7 1.0 77.2 7.21
1.6 1.5 97.4 0.70 81.5 1.0 77.9 7.97
), ArticleFig(id=1174444025655472729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

南测渗出水加碱性物质处理后各离子的去除情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
碱性物质种类 滴加量/mL U Mn Zn pH
质量浓度/
(mg·L-1)
去除率% 质量浓度/
(mg·L-1)
去除率% 质量浓度/
(mg·L-1)
去除率%
0.0 56.9 3.79 4.5 4.70
Na2CO3 1.2 3.36 11.3 2.2 50.7 6.00
1.6 2.51 33.8 <0.2 >95.5 6.95
1.8 2.1 96.3 0.21 94.5 <0.2 >95.5 8.01
Mg(OH)2 4.0 3.30 12.9 2.4 46.4 5.96
5.0 —3.03 20.1 <0.2 >95.5 7.00
5.8 1.7 97.0 2.27 40.1 <0.2 >95.5 7.89
Ca(OH)2 1.1 3.15 16.9 3.1 30.8 5.97
1.4 —2.47 34.8 <0.2 >95.5 6.93
1.6 1.3 97.7 0.81 78.6 <0.2 >95.5 8.11
NaOH 0.9 3.30 12.9 3.8 15.6 5.96
1.5 2.21 41.7 1.0 77.2 7.21
1.6 1.5 97.4 0.70 81.5 1.0 77.9 7.97
), ArticleFig(id=1174444025764524634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Removal of ions from north seeping water treated with alkaline substances

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
碱性物质种类 滴加量/mL U Mn Zn pH
质量浓度/
(mg·L-1)
去除率% 质量浓度/
(mg·L-1)
去除率% 质量浓度/
(mg·L-1)
去除率%
0.00 715.00 2.53 4.1 4.30
Na2CO3 6.0 165.00 76.9 2.14 15.4 2.5 39.5 5.99
12.5 57.1 92.0 1.96 22.5 0.2 94.9 7.15
15.0 10.90 98.5 0.75 70.4 <0.2 95.2 8.04
Mg(OH)2 10.0 338.00 52.7 2.52 0.40 3.3 21.1 5.91
12.0 5.60 99.2 1.97 22.1 <0.2 95.2 6.92
14.7 3.54 99.5 1.85 26.9 <0.2 95.2 7.9
Ca(OH)2 4.0 4.11 99.4 1.98 21.7 <0.2 95.2 6.04
4.5 1.62 99.8 1.49 41.1 <0.2 95.2 6.98
4.8 1.08 99.8 0.62 75.5 <0.2 95.2 7.97
NaOH 3.8 5.29 99.3 2.02 20.2 0.4 90.1 5.91
4.6 2.25 99.7 0.88 65.2 <0.2 95.2 7.16
4.9 1.52 99.8 0.43 83.0 <0.2 95.2 8.04
), ArticleFig(id=1174444025890353755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

北测渗出水加碱性物质处理后各离子去除情况

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碱性物质种类 滴加量/mL U Mn Zn pH
质量浓度/
(mg·L-1)
去除率% 质量浓度/
(mg·L-1)
去除率% 质量浓度/
(mg·L-1)
去除率%
0.00 715.00 2.53 4.1 4.30
Na2CO3 6.0 165.00 76.9 2.14 15.4 2.5 39.5 5.99
12.5 57.1 92.0 1.96 22.5 0.2 94.9 7.15
15.0 10.90 98.5 0.75 70.4 <0.2 95.2 8.04
Mg(OH)2 10.0 338.00 52.7 2.52 0.40 3.3 21.1 5.91
12.0 5.60 99.2 1.97 22.1 <0.2 95.2 6.92
14.7 3.54 99.5 1.85 26.9 <0.2 95.2 7.9
Ca(OH)2 4.0 4.11 99.4 1.98 21.7 <0.2 95.2 6.04
4.5 1.62 99.8 1.49 41.1 <0.2 95.2 6.98
4.8 1.08 99.8 0.62 75.5 <0.2 95.2 7.97
NaOH 3.8 5.29 99.3 2.02 20.2 0.4 90.1 5.91
4.6 2.25 99.7 0.88 65.2 <0.2 95.2 7.16
4.9 1.52 99.8 0.43 83.0 <0.2 95.2 8.04
), ArticleFig(id=1174444025995211356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Removal of associated ions after Ca(OH)2 treatment

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堆场渗出水 Ca(OH)2
滴加量/mL
pH ρB/(mg•L-1)
Mn2+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Fe3+ Al3+ Zn2+
南侧 0.0 4.70 3.79 205 63.0 5.11 57.3 4.5
1.1 5.97 3.15 318 61.5 1.37 <1.00 3.1
1.4 6.93 2.47 342 59.9 <1.00 <1.00 <0.2
1.6 8.11 0.81 355 56.8 <1.00 <1.00 <0.2
北测 0.0 4.30 2.53 182 89.6 8.98 276.0 4.1
4.0 6.04 1.98 625 88.2 <1.00 <1.00 <0.2
4.5 6.98 1.49 662 91.1 <1.00 <1.00 <0.2
4.8 7.97 0.62 676 91.4 <1.00 <1.00 <0.2
), ArticleFig(id=1174444026104263261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

Ca(OH)2处理后相关离子去除情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
堆场渗出水 Ca(OH)2
滴加量/mL
pH ρB/(mg•L-1)
Mn2+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Fe3+ Al3+ Zn2+
南侧 0.0 4.70 3.79 205 63.0 5.11 57.3 4.5
1.1 5.97 3.15 318 61.5 1.37 <1.00 3.1
1.4 6.93 2.47 342 59.9 <1.00 <1.00 <0.2
1.6 8.11 0.81 355 56.8 <1.00 <1.00 <0.2
北测 0.0 4.30 2.53 182 89.6 8.98 276.0 4.1
4.0 6.04 1.98 625 88.2 <1.00 <1.00 <0.2
4.5 6.98 1.49 662 91.1 <1.00 <1.00 <0.2
4.8 7.97 0.62 676 91.4 <1.00 <1.00 <0.2
), ArticleFig(id=1174444026188149342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Ca(OH)2 consumption and concentration change of M2+,M3+ ions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
堆场
渗出水
Ca(OH)2
滴加量/mL
pH cB/(mmol•L-1)


Mn2+ Fe3+ Al3+ Zn2+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Δn(Fe3++
Al3+)
Δn(Mn2++Zn2++
Mg2++Ca2+)
n(M2+)/
n(M3++M2+)
南侧 0 4.70 0.07 0.09 2.12 0.070 5.10 2.63
8 8.11 0.01 <0.02 <0.04 <0.003 8.88 2.37 2.15 6.29 0.74
北侧 0 4.30 0.05 0.16 10.22 0.150 4.55 89.60
24 7.97 0.01 <0.02 <0.04 <0.003 16.90 87.40 10.36 12.03 0.54
), ArticleFig(id=1174444026272035423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

Ca(OH)2添加量及M2+、M3+离子浓度变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
堆场
渗出水
Ca(OH)2
滴加量/mL
pH cB/(mmol•L-1)


Mn2+ Fe3+ Al3+ Zn2+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Δn(Fe3++
Al3+)
Δn(Mn2++Zn2++
Mg2++Ca2+)
n(M2+)/
n(M3++M2+)
南侧 0 4.70 0.07 0.09 2.12 0.070 5.10 2.63
8 8.11 0.01 <0.02 <0.04 <0.003 8.88 2.37 2.15 6.29 0.74
北侧 0 4.30 0.05 0.16 10.22 0.150 4.55 89.60
24 7.97 0.01 <0.02 <0.04 <0.003 16.90 87.40 10.36 12.03 0.54
), ArticleFig(id=1174444026339144288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Comparison of evaluation indexs of treatment effect between treatment technology of ore powder combined with Ca(OH)2 and prior technology

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
技术 水样 原水pH 碱种类及用量 干渣产生量/
(kg·m-3)
沉淀时间/
min
干渣产生量/
(t·a-1)
是否加入絮凝剂
现有技术 3.98~5.57 NaOH,2 kg/m3 360 192.6 是,5 g/m3
矿粉联合Ca(OH)2技术 南侧 2.78 Ca(OH)2,0.32 kg/m3 1.22 60 79.3
北侧 2.66 Ca(OH)2,0.96 kg/m3 1.96 60 127.3
), ArticleFig(id=1174444026406253153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995809435971, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

矿粉联合Ca(OH)2处理技术与现有技术的处理效果评价指标对比结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
技术 水样 原水pH 碱种类及用量 干渣产生量/
(kg·m-3)
沉淀时间/
min
干渣产生量/
(t·a-1)
是否加入絮凝剂
现有技术 3.98~5.57 NaOH,2 kg/m3 360 192.6 是,5 g/m3
矿粉联合Ca(OH)2技术 南侧 2.78 Ca(OH)2,0.32 kg/m3 1.22 60 79.3
北侧 2.66 Ca(OH)2,0.96 kg/m3 1.96 60 127.3
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从某矿区含铀酸性渗出水中去除超标组分研究
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王扬
湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025,44(2): 247-255
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湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025, 44(2): 247-255
从某矿区含铀酸性渗出水中去除超标组分研究
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王扬
作者信息
  • 核工业北京化工冶金研究院, 北京 101149
  • 王扬(1981—),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为环境保护与辐射防护。

Removal of Superstandard Components from Acidic Seepage Water Containing Uranium in a Mining Area
Yang WANG
Affiliations
  • Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC, Beijing 101149
出版时间: 2025-04-28 doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.014
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针对某矿区含硫铀废石堆含铀酸性超标渗出水,研究了其超标组分的去除方法。首先在超标废水中添加1 g/L矿粉去除Cd、Cu及部分U,再将南、北两侧废石堆场渗出水pH分别由2.78、2.66调节至4.70、4.30,并在最佳接触反应时间为30 min条件下,对比了Mg(OH)2、Ca(OH)2、Na2CO3和NaOH深度法除矿粉处理后渗出水中U、Mn、Zn的效果。结果表明:相较而言,Ca(OH)2对U、Mn、Zn去除效果最优;在南、北两侧废石堆场渗出水的Ca(OH)2加入量分别为0.32和0.96 g/L、渗出水pH为7~8条件下,U去除率达99.8%以上,Cu、Cd去除率均达90%以上,Zn去除率达95%以上,Mn去除率达75.5%以上,且沉降速度快,静置60 min悬混液体积可缩减70%左右;对Ca(OH)2加入过程中离子浓度变化的精确计算和沉淀物表征结果表明,净化过程中有类水滑石物质生成,Mn2+、Zn2+进入水滑石结构中被去除,铀酰离子可能通过与水滑石间静电吸附、表面配合或通过层间阴离子交换等方式实现去除。
含铀酸性废水  /  铀  /  去除  /  矿粉  /  Ca(OH)2  /  水滑石  /  超标组分

The removal method of superstandard components of uranium acid seepage water from sulphur-containing uranium waste rock in a mining area was studied. Firstly, 1 g/L mineral powder was added to the wastewater exceeding the standard to remove Cd, Cu and part U, and then the pH of seepage water from the waste rock landfill on the south and north sides was adjusted from 2.78 and 2.66 to 4.70 and 4.30, respectively, and the optimal contact reaction time was 30 min. The effects of Mg(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3 and NaOH on the further treatment of U, Mn and Zn in the effluent treated by ore powder were compared. The results show that Ca(OH)2 has the best removal effects on U, Mn and Zn.Under the conditions of 0.32 and 0.96 g/L of Ca(OH)2 and pH of 7 ~ 8, the removal rate of U, Cu, Cd, Zn and Mn can reach over 99.8%, over 90%, over 90%, over 95% and over 75.5%, respectively. And the settling speed is fast, and the suspended liquid volume can be reduced by about 70% after standing for 60 min. The precise calculation of the change of ion concentration during the addition of Ca(OH)2. The results of sediment characterization show that hydrotaltale-like substances are formed during the purification process,Mn2+ and Zn2+ ions entered the hydrotalc structure and are removed,and uranyl ions may be removed by electrostatic adsorption with hydrotalc, surface complexation or interlayer anion exchange.

uranium acidic wastewater  /  uranium  /  removal  /  mineral powder  /  Ca(OH)2  /  hydrotalcite  /  superstandard component
王扬. 从某矿区含铀酸性渗出水中去除超标组分研究. 湿法冶金, 2025 , 44 (2) : 247 -255 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.014
Yang WANG. Removal of Superstandard Components from Acidic Seepage Water Containing Uranium in a Mining Area[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2025 , 44 (2) : 247 -255 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.014
含硫铀矿床开采与水冶废弃的大量铀矿尾矿、废石常年堆放会受到雨水淋浸,产生大量富含H+及铀、铁、铜、铅、锰、锌、镉、铬等多种金属离子的放射性酸性渗出水。该类渗出水具有重金属离子含量高、渗出持续时间长、pH较低等特点,难以控制和处理[1-2]。目前,针对放射性酸性废水的处理方法主要有石灰/石灰乳/片碱中和法、石灰石滚筒中和法、升流式变率速膨胀中和法、湿地生态工程处理法、渗透反应墙法及微生物处理法等[3],其中以石灰/石灰乳/片碱中和法应用较广泛,但该法试剂用量大,且需额外添加絮凝剂,沉降时间长,产渣量也较高[4]
矿粉是水淬高炉矿渣经干燥、粉磨等工艺处理后得到的高细度、高活性粉料,是优质的混凝土掺合料和水泥混合材料,其中活性钙、硅、铝等无机物质量分数较高,均大于30%[5]。将矿粉和生石灰高温改性后掺入磷石膏水泥基材料中能明显提高胶凝材料强度,延缓材料的初、终凝时间[6];此外,以矿粉为主要原料、电解锰渣为矿粉的硫酸盐激发剂、熟石灰为碱激发剂所制备的电解锰渣-矿粉复合胶凝材料的抗压强度较高,达27.2 MPa,安全性也较好[7]。矿粉为特定钢渣废料粉化而成,其含有的游离氧化钙等碱性物质可提高酸性废水pH,同时其含有的SiO2又可作为类水滑石载体或共沉淀晶核,加速沉降过程,提高废水处理效率,减少碱源用量,降低废水治理成本,是以废治废的优选材料。
江西省北部某矿区含硫铀矿经露天开采后的废石堆放在南、北采场两侧的山坡上或山谷中,形成了多个废石场、露天采场废墟及堆浸渣场地,渗出的含铀酸性废水呈酸性,pH<3,U、Mn、Cd、Zn、Cu超标。因此,试验针对该矿区南、北侧含硫铀废石堆含铀酸性超标渗出水,研究了采用矿粉/碱源共沉淀工艺去除废水中氢离子放射性铀元素及其他超标重金属元素,从而使铀质量浓度快速降至10.9 μg/L以下,其他超标重金属元素实现深度处理,同时使废水pH控制在7~8范围内,实现达标排放。
含铀酸性超标渗出水:取自江西某矿区南、北侧废石堆场,pH分别为2.78、2.66,主要成分见表1,超标元素浓度值及排放限值(GB 23727—2020[8]、GB 8978—1996[9])见表2。pH排放标准为6.0~9.0。
表12看出:南侧和北侧废石堆场的含铀酸性渗出水水质存在一定差异,相同的超标组分为U、Cd,南侧渗水Mn、Zn超标,北侧渗水Cu超标,pH也均超标。
矿粉:由特定废弃钢渣粉碎而成,粒径100~200目,呈灰白色,主要为硅、镁、铁、铝、锰的氧化物及少量游离氧化钙、金属铁、氟磷灰石等,各组分质量分数见表3
试剂:NaOH、Ca(OH)2、Mg(OH)2、Na2CO3,分析纯。
试验仪器及设备:电子天平,ME2002/02型,梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司;实验室pH计,PHSJ-3F型,上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司;磁力加热搅拌器,79-1型,金坛市荣华仪器制造有限公司;紫外可见分光光度计,UV-1800型,上海仪电分析仪器有限公司;恒温培养摇床,YC-R50型,天津市泰斯特仪器有限公司;电热鼓风干燥箱,101-3AB型,天津市泰斯特仪器有限公司;隔膜泵,MPC 301Z型,威伊真空设备(上海)有限公司;微量铀分析仪,HD-3025型,核工业地质科学研究院;电导率仪,DDS-307A型,核工业北京化工冶金研究院。
向超标渗出水中投加矿粉,在电磁搅拌下充分接触反应,之后固液分离,获得初步处理的超标渗出水,此时溶液pH升高,部分超标离子得到一定程度去除;再用Mg(OH)2、Ca(OH)2、Na2CO3和NaOH 4种碱性物质对矿粉处理后渗出水进行深度处理,将4种碱性物质均配制为质量浓度为20 g/L的溶液或悬浊液,缓慢滴加于矿粉处理后渗出水中,调节渗出水pH=6~8,充分搅拌后过滤,超标渗水通过两步处理完成超标组分的去除。
分别取南、北侧废石堆场含铀酸性渗出水样,按不同质量体积比(g/L,下同)投加矿粉,并在电磁搅拌下接触反应30 min。南、北侧水样中超标离子质量浓度及pH随矿粉与渗出水质量体积比的变化趋势如图1~4所示。
图12看出:随矿粉与南侧渗出水样质量体积比增大,南侧渗出水样中U、Cd质量浓度呈明显下降趋势,而Zn降低幅度较小;当质量体积比为1/1时,Cd、Zn质量浓度均低于排放限值,而U质量浓度降至52 μg/L,低于排放标准(300 μg/L);南侧渗出水样中Mn质量浓度则随质量体积比增大呈上升趋势,当质量体积比为1/1时升至3.85 mg/L,高于排放标准(2 mg/L),这可能是由矿粉中锰溶出导致;南侧渗出水样pH随质量体积比增大呈上升趋势,当质量体积比为0.5/1时升至4.7。
图34看出:随矿粉与北侧水样质量体积比增大,北侧渗出水样中U、Cd、Cu质量浓度呈明显下降趋势,而Zn降低幅度较小;当质量体积比大于1/1时,北侧渗出水样的U、Cd、Cu、Zn质量浓度均保持平稳,Cd、Cu、Zn质量浓度均低于排放限值,而U质量浓度降至715 μg/L,但仍高于排放标准(300 μg/L);北侧渗出水样中Mn则随质量体积比增大呈上升趋势,当质量体积比为1/1时升至2.53 mg/L,高于排放标准(2 mg/L),可能是由矿粉中锰溶出导致;北侧渗出水样pH随质量体积比增大也呈上升趋势,当质量体积比为0.5/1时升至4.3。
综上可知:南、北两侧渗出水样经矿粉初步处理后,Cd、Cu、Zn超标离子可达标排放,但Mn和北侧水样中U离子均须进一步处理;根据矿粉加入过程各超标组分浓度下降趋势判断去除顺序为H>Cu>Cd>U、Zn;增大矿粉与水样质量体积比,两侧水样pH均上升,但升高幅度不大,仍达不到排放标准。综合考虑超标组分去除率、水样pH变化及固废产量等情况,确定矿粉与水样的质量体积比以1/1为宜。
取一定量南、北侧堆场渗出水,分别按质量体积比1/1投加矿粉,磁力搅拌均匀后间隔不同时间,取样分析清液中离子浓度及pH变化。渗出水pH及各超标离子质量浓度随接触反应时间的变化趋势如图5~8所示。
图5~8看出:在反应最初的5 min,pH基本可达平衡,Cd、Cu、Zn、U离子质量浓度下降幅度较大;继续延长接触反应时间,Cd、Cu、Zn、U离子质量浓度变化不大,南北两侧渗出水Cd、Cu及南侧渗出水中U去除率均可达90%以上,Zn去除率较低,仅为5%~10%,后期下降不明显,但可达标排放;北侧渗出水与矿粉接触反应30 min后,U质量浓度可降低30%左右;矿粉中可溶性Mn部分溶出,随接触反应时间延长而上升;综合考虑离子去除与溶出情况,确定接触反应时间以30 min为宜。
南、北两侧堆场渗出水与矿粉在适宜条件下反应可使Cd、Cu、Zn及南侧渗出水U达标排放,溶液pH、Mn及北侧渗水中的U仍须进一步处理。试验选择廉价易得的Mg(OH)2、Ca(OH)2、Na2CO3和NaOH 4种碱性物质,按照1.3试验方法对矿粉处理后渗出水进行深度处理,分析U、Mn和Zn离子浓度变化,结果见表45
表45看出:除Mg(OH)2以外的3种碱性物质在pH=6条件下均可使北侧渗出水U达标排放,其中Ca(OH)2和NaOH消耗量较低;4种碱性物质在pH=7条件下对溶液中Zn均可深度处理至0.2 mg/L以下;其中NaOH、Na2CO3和Ca(OH)2在pH=8条件下对Mn去除效果显著,且Ca(OH)2、NaOH消耗量低于Na2CO3,从处理效果及处理成本角度考虑选择Ca(OH)2为最佳碱源。
以北侧堆场渗出水为代表,考察4种碱性物质反应后沉降速率情况。分别取1 L北测渗水8份,按照最优试验条件分别投入矿粉与NaOH、Ca(OH)2、Mg(OH)2、Na2CO3 4种碱性物质,充分反应后将溶液或悬浊液倒入1 L量筒中,考察沉降物体积与沉降时间之间的关系,即4种碱性物质沉降速率对比,结果如图9所示。
图9看出:Mg(OH)2作为碱源及其联合矿粉处理渗出水,经5 h静置仍无法实现沉降;Na2CO3作为碱源及其联合矿粉处理渗出水沉降速率缓慢且沉降面上部溶液浑浊;NaOH、矿粉联合Ca(OH)2作为碱源沉降速率较快,而矿粉联合Ca(OH)2处理渗出水的沉降速率最快,经1 h沉降,沉降物体积可减小70%左右,经2 h沉降,沉降物体积可减小80%左右。
南、北堆场渗出水经矿粉处理后,其中的Cd、Cu超标组分可去除,放射性元素U浓度降低,同时溶液pH可由2.7升至4.5左右;但初步处理后渗水中仍含有超标或接近超标的Mn、Zn、U元素,其沉淀pH分别为10~14、9~10、10~11,滴加适量Ca(OH)2调节pH至7~8,即可将Mn质量浓度降至1 mg/L以下、Zn质量浓度降至0.2 mg/L以下、U质量浓度处理至1 μg/L左右,反应过程中发现有类水滑石物质生成。对沉淀物进行红外光谱分析,结果表明,Mn、Zn为二价金属离子进入水滑石骨架,U以铀酰阴离子形式可能通过表面配合、静电吸附或与水滑石层间阴离子交换等方式去除,实现Mn、Zn、U的达标排放。
水滑石类化合物(layered double hydroxides,LDHs)是一种具有层状结构的阴离子插层材料,统称为层状双金属氢氧化物,其结构通式为[${{M}_{1-}^{2+}}_{x}{{M}^{3+}}_{x}$(OH)2{]x}^{+}({An}^{-})x/n·mH2O。其中:M2+为二价金属阳离子,如Mg2+、Ca2+、Fe2+、Zn2+、Ni2+、Co2+、Cu2+等;M3+为三价金属阳离子,如Al3+、Fe3+、Cr3+、Sc3+等;{An}^{-}为阴离子,如$\mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-}$、$\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}$、Cl-、OH-、$\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}$、$\mathrm{PO}_{4}^{3-}$>、C6H4$(\mathrm{COO})_{2}^{2-}$等无机和有机离子及配合离子。LDHs的层板间距由层间的无机阴离子种类决定;x表示M2+/(M2++M3+)的物质的量比,一般在0.17~0.33之间,此时能合成晶体结构完整的${M}_{1}^{2+}$—2+M2—M3+ LDHs;m为层间水分子的物质的量[10-11]。共沉淀法是目前常温下可实时合成LDHs的方法。
矿粉处理后的渗出水中存在一定量Al3+、Fe3+离子,溶液中的M2+除了目标离子Mn2+、Zn2+外,还存在充足的Ca2+、Mg2+离子,以及易配位的阴离子基团,它们的存在使渗出水成为了适宜水滑石形成的优良水体,且经过矿粉处理后其中的Ca2+、Al3+离子浓度升高,更有利于类水滑石的生成。调节溶液pH过程中,Ca(OH)2滴加量及相关离子去除情况见表6,将M2+、M3+阳离子折算为浓度,∑M2+、∑{M3}^{+}变化量见表7
Δn(Fe3++Al3+)代表三价阳离子(Fe3++Al3+)物质的量变化量,Δn(Mn2++Zn2++Mg2++Ca2+)代表二价阳离子(Mn2++Zn2++Mg2++Ca2+)物质的量变化量。n(M2+)/n(M3++M2+)代表二价阳离子与二价和三价阳离子的物质的量比。
表7看出:当南北侧堆场渗出水pH调制8左右时n(M2+)/n(M2++M3+)达最大值,分别为0.74和0.54,该值接近完整水滑石配位原子数范围。其中,Ca离子消耗量为估算值,以Ca(OH)2溶解过程释放的Ca2+及OH-当量计,OH-与酸性水中H+含量在同数量级,提供的OH-略高于与H+中和所需量时,n(M2+)/n(M2++M3+)会略有降低,更接近完整配位原子数。同时渗出水初步处理过程中投加的矿粉含31.4%的SiO2,目前,有研究[12]表明,在有SiO2微粒存在时,在内球表面配合和静电相互作用下,易形成SiO2@LDH种类水滑石。
为了推断生成物官能团,采用傅里叶红外光谱仪对沉淀物进行分析,结果如图10所示。可以看出:在3 451.992 cm-1处出现的较宽、较长的吸收峰为水滑石表面吸附水和层间水分子的O—H的伸缩振动峰;位于1 383.675和1 512.4cm-1处的吸收峰是由羰基不对称伸缩振动引起,而1 638.233 cm-1则是由层间水的伸缩振动引起;在1 044.747、835.508、687.98、564.08 cm-1处的一系列特征峰分别代表M—O晶格振动和M—O—H弯曲振动[13-15]
矿区南北废石堆场各设置一个渗水收集池,两股水汇合后排入中和车间,过碱中和处理后合格液外排。片碱加入量2 kg/m3,聚丙烯酰胺加入量2~10 g/m3,日均水处理量约150 m3,片碱消耗量160 t/a,聚丙烯酰胺耗量0.4 t/a,中和渣按含水率70%、堆密度1.7 kg/m3估算,中和渣(膏体状)产生量≤642 t/a[4]。南北两侧堆场渗出水在最优试验条件下经处理后,沉淀物经过滤、烘干,得到干渣,南北两侧堆场每升渗出水产生干渣量分别为1.22 和1.96 g。矿粉联合Ca(OH)2处理与现有技术[4]的处理效果评价指标对比结果见表8。可以看出:与现有技术相比,矿粉联合Ca(OH)2处理技术可在不额外添加絮凝剂条件下,大大缩短沉降时间,同时渣产生量也有所降低(按干渣计),说明加入氢氧化钙能降低处理成本,所用矿粉为工艺尾渣,以废治废,可不计入成本。
目前部分矿山企业,尤其是Mn超标严重的企业,先用石灰加絮凝剂调节溶液pH=10~11,沉淀去除超标组分,之后再用硫酸回调pH,该工艺原料耗量较大,且溶液TDS会升高,絮凝剂浓密沉降停留时间约1~2 d,沉降效率较低。采用矿粉联合Ca(OH)2处理堆场渗出水,在pH=7~8条件下即可将超标组分深度去除,沉降效率较高,1~2 h上清液即可外排,且渣产量较小。
针对某矿区含硫铀废石堆的含铀酸性渗出水,研究了去除其中超标组分的方法,结论如下:
1)采用矿粉作为前处理材料时,在矿粉与渗出水质量体积比为1/1(g/L)、接触反应时间30 min条件下,超标离子去除效果最佳。
2)4种碱液用量、含铀酸性超标渗出水超标离子去除效果及沉降速率对比结果表明:矿粉联合Ca(OH)2效果最优,南北侧堆场渗出水的Ca(OH)2用量分别为0.32、0.96 g/L时,可有效去除超标离子,U、Mn、Zn、Cd、Cu去除率分别为99.8%、75.5%、95%、90%、90%以上,均可达标排放,悬混液沉降时间60 min时,体积可缩减70%左右,沉降速度较快。
3)通过Ca(OH)2对渗出水处理过程各离子浓度变化量的精确计算及生成物表征发现,矿粉处理过的渗出水中离子含量是类水滑石生成的优良条件,Mn2+、Zn2+离子进入LDHs骨架,带负电荷的铀酰离子通过静电作用、表面配合或与层间阴离子基团交换等方式被去除,中性条件下难以沉淀去除的Mn等超标离子能得到深度净化,生成的类水滑石层状分子结构有利于沉降,可提高固液分离效率。
4)与现有技术相比,矿粉联合Ca(OH)2共沉淀技术更具经济性,可为矿山企业处理含铀酸性超标渗出水提供一种优质的技术改进方案。
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2025年第44卷第2期
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doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.014
  • 接收时间:2024-06-26
  • 首发时间:2025-07-05
  • 出版时间:2025-04-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-26
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    核工业北京化工冶金研究院, 北京 101149
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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