Article(id=1148109995494863154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109990923072455, articleNumber=1009-2617(2025)02-0230-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729008000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751660353778, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1745769600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751660353778, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751660353778, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751660353778, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148109990923072455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2025', volume='44', issue='2', pageStart='133', pageEnd='279', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751660352687, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758246043500, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1175732380301148501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109990923072455, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1175732380301148502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109990923072455, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=230, endPage=237, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1148109995859767621, articleId=1148109995494863154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Electrodeposition of Iron from Fly Ash Leaching Solution, columnId=1152626641181700664, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Experiment Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The extraction of iron from fly ash by HCl leaching and electrochemical deposition was studied. The micro-morphology and elemental composition of fly ash were systematically analyzed by SEM-EDS,XRF, ICP and XRD, and the key factors in the leaching process and their effects were investigated. The dynamic changes of pH, current density and Fe ion concentration during electrochemical deposition were also discussed. The results show that the iron leaching rate increased with the increase of HCl concentration, liquid volume to solid mass ratio, leaching temperature and leaching time. In the electrochemical deposition stage, pH increases gradually, while current density and Fe ion concentration decrease. The optimal leaching parameters are HCl concentration of 6 mol/L, liquid volume to solid mass ratio (HCl solution to fly ash) of 8∶1, reaction temperature of 90 ℃, reaction time of 90 min. For the electrochemical deposition process, the voltage is 3 V, the optimal pH range is between 0.5 and 1.9, and the final sediment is pure iron.

, correspAuthors=Zhiming SHI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Cunquan WANG, Zhiming SHI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1148110007041782001, articleId=1148109995494863154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=CN, title=从粉煤灰浸出液中电化学沉积铁试验研究, columnId=1152626641328501305, journalTitle=湿法冶金, columnName=试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=研究了采用HCl浸出与电化学沉积法从粉煤灰中回收提取铁元素。通过SEM-EDS、XRF、ICP及XRD手段系统分析了粉煤灰的微观形貌及元素组成,考察了浸出过程中的关键因素及其影响,以及电化学沉积阶段pH、电流密度和Fe离子浓度的动态变化规律,并深入探讨了所得铁的相组成特性。结果表明:在浸出阶段,随HCl浓度升高、液固体积质量比增大、温度升高及浸出时间延长,铁浸出率呈升高趋势;而在电化学沉积阶段,pH逐渐上升,电流密度和Fe离子浓度则呈下降趋势;最佳浸出工艺参数为HCl浓度6 mol/L,液固体积质量比(HCl溶液与粉煤灰)8∶1,反应温度90 ℃,反应时间90 min;对于电化学沉积过程,电压为3 V,最适宜的pH范围在0.5~1.9之间,最终沉积物为纯铁单质。, correspAuthors=史志铭, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
史志铭(1964—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为粉煤灰分离提取高纯物质。E-mail:
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王存权(1995—),男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为粉煤灰高值化利用。

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王存权(1995—),男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为粉煤灰高值化利用。

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王存权(1995—),男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为粉煤灰高值化利用。

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Main chemical composition of fly ash

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Al2O3 SiO2 Fe2O3 MgO CaO K2O TiO2
49.51 38.72 6.5 0.29 3.1 0.63 1.25
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粉煤灰的主要化学成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Al2O3 SiO2 Fe2O3 MgO CaO K2O TiO2
49.51 38.72 6.5 0.29 3.1 0.63 1.25
), ArticleFig(id=1174444198905393545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995494863154, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Particle size distribution range and proportion of fly ash

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒径范围/μm 占比/%
0.2~10.0 43.20
10.0~51.8 40.55
51.8~100.0 13.22
100.0~138.9 2.85
138.9~193.0 1.21
193.0~215.4 1.03
合计 100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1174444199022834061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995494863154, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

粉煤灰的粒径分布范围及占比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒径范围/μm 占比/%
0.2~10.0 43.20
10.0~51.8 40.55
51.8~100.0 13.22
100.0~138.9 2.85
138.9~193.0 1.21
193.0~215.4 1.03
合计 100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1174444199198994831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995494863154, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

EDS analysis results of fly ash %

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样点 Al Si O Mg Ca K Ti Fe
A点 33.29 12.91 46.77 0.05 0.19 0.31 0.03 6.45
B点 52 0 48 0 0 0 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1174444199274492305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995494863154, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

粉煤灰的EDS分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样点 Al Si O Mg Ca K Ti Fe
A点 33.29 12.91 46.77 0.05 0.19 0.31 0.03 6.45
B点 52 0 48 0 0 0 0 0
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从粉煤灰浸出液中电化学沉积铁试验研究
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王存权 , 史志铭
湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025,44(2): 230-237
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湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025, 44(2): 230-237
从粉煤灰浸出液中电化学沉积铁试验研究
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王存权, 史志铭
作者信息
  • 内蒙古工业大学 材料科学与工程学院, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010051
  • 王存权(1995—),男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为粉煤灰高值化利用。

通讯作者:

史志铭(1964—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为粉煤灰分离提取高纯物质。E-mail:
Electrodeposition of Iron from Fly Ash Leaching Solution
Cunquan WANG, Zhiming SHI
Affiliations
  • School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Huhhot 010051, China
出版时间: 2025-04-28 doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.012
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研究了采用HCl浸出与电化学沉积法从粉煤灰中回收提取铁元素。通过SEM-EDS、XRF、ICP及XRD手段系统分析了粉煤灰的微观形貌及元素组成,考察了浸出过程中的关键因素及其影响,以及电化学沉积阶段pH、电流密度和Fe离子浓度的动态变化规律,并深入探讨了所得铁的相组成特性。结果表明:在浸出阶段,随HCl浓度升高、液固体积质量比增大、温度升高及浸出时间延长,铁浸出率呈升高趋势;而在电化学沉积阶段,pH逐渐上升,电流密度和Fe离子浓度则呈下降趋势;最佳浸出工艺参数为HCl浓度6 mol/L,液固体积质量比(HCl溶液与粉煤灰)8∶1,反应温度90 ℃,反应时间90 min;对于电化学沉积过程,电压为3 V,最适宜的pH范围在0.5~1.9之间,最终沉积物为纯铁单质。
HCl  /  浸出  /  电化学沉积  /  铁  /  粉煤灰

The extraction of iron from fly ash by HCl leaching and electrochemical deposition was studied. The micro-morphology and elemental composition of fly ash were systematically analyzed by SEM-EDS,XRF, ICP and XRD, and the key factors in the leaching process and their effects were investigated. The dynamic changes of pH, current density and Fe ion concentration during electrochemical deposition were also discussed. The results show that the iron leaching rate increased with the increase of HCl concentration, liquid volume to solid mass ratio, leaching temperature and leaching time. In the electrochemical deposition stage, pH increases gradually, while current density and Fe ion concentration decrease. The optimal leaching parameters are HCl concentration of 6 mol/L, liquid volume to solid mass ratio (HCl solution to fly ash) of 8∶1, reaction temperature of 90 ℃, reaction time of 90 min. For the electrochemical deposition process, the voltage is 3 V, the optimal pH range is between 0.5 and 1.9, and the final sediment is pure iron.

HCl  /  leaching  /  electrochemical deposition  /  iron  /  fly ash
王存权, 史志铭. 从粉煤灰浸出液中电化学沉积铁试验研究. 湿法冶金, 2025 , 44 (2) : 230 -237 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.012
Cunquan WANG, Zhiming SHI. Electrodeposition of Iron from Fly Ash Leaching Solution[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2025 , 44 (2) : 230 -237 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.012
随着煤炭需求的持续攀升,粉煤灰作为火力发电厂燃煤过程中的必然副产物,其产生量呈逐年递增趋势[1]。针对粉煤灰的综合利用,已进行了多方面探索,主要应用于土壤改良[2]、混凝土制造[3]、粉煤灰水泥生产[4]、新型建筑材料开发[5]、道路建设[6]及沸石合成[7]等多个领域。但这些传统的应用方式大多都未能充分发掘粉煤灰的高附加值潜力。
近年来,研究从粉煤灰中高效提取单一物质的方法逐渐成为了热点,特别是聚焦于酸法[8-11]、碱法[12-14]及酸碱联合法[15-16]等,旨在以氧化铝和氧化硅形式回收Al、Si元素。而针对粉煤灰中富含的Fe元素,却鲜见相关分离方法的研究报道,这主要是浸出液中Al3+与Fe3+分离难度极大导致的。虽有研究人员通过采用酸碱联合法,在高温(1 100 ℃)下对铝铁沉淀物进行脱水处理得到了铁铝氧化物混合粉[17],但后续无法实现Al与Fe两种金属氧化物的有效分离,且该法在铁的提取方面也存在一定局限性,同时还伴随酸碱的大量消耗,以及残渣、废液的二次处理问题。
近些年,电化学沉积法在酸性浸出液处理中优势逐渐显现,并已发展成为一种新型的处理方法。基于不同元素在粉煤灰浸出液中的沉淀平衡常数差异,通过调节pH,可以实现元素在阴极上的选择性沉积。具体而言,当粉煤灰与H2SO4反应后得到的浸出液可通过电化学沉积分离出多种铁的化合物,如Fe(OH)2、Fe3O4和FeOOH等[18];此外,将H2SO4与粉煤灰混合焙烧,并用去离子水溶解所得的含高浓度铝离子溶液,通过电化学沉积法可将铝离子以Al(OH)3形式沉积于阴极附近[19];另外,在Mg(NO3)2溶液中,通过电化学沉积法还能在阴极上形成均匀、连续且多孔的Mg(OH)2薄膜[20]。上述研究充分证明电化学沉积法在粉煤灰浸出液中金属化合物提取方面的可行性。
试验探索了一种用HCl溶解与电化学沉积相结合的新方法从粉煤灰中直接分离Fe元素,而非以化合物的形式沉积,从而提高Fe浸出率。在电化学沉积过程中,阳极产生氯气,阴极产生氢气,这2种气体通过后续的化学反应重新生成HCl,从而实现酸的循环利用。研究了浸出过程中HCl浓度、液固体积质量比、浸出温度、浸出时间对Fe浸出率的影响,以及电化学沉积过程中溶液pH、电流密度、Fe离子浓度随时间的变化规律,并对产物的形貌和物相进行了表征,以期为粉煤灰的高值化利用提供一种新的思路,同时也为其他矿物中元素的提取提供有益的参考与借鉴。
粉煤灰:采自内蒙古霍林郭勒热电厂,用XRF分析其化学成分,结果见表1,主要由Al2O3、SiO2及Fe2O3组成,质量分数分别为49.51%、38.72%及6.5%。粉煤灰的粒径分布范围及占比见表2,粒径范围为0.2~215.4 μm之间,平均粒径为16.35 μm。
试剂:盐酸,37%,中国医药化学试剂有限公司;还原铁粉,分析纯;水为去离子水。
试验流程如图1所示。每次试验取粉煤灰10 g。将粉煤灰与HCl溶液放入聚四氟乙烯罐中,待集热磁力搅拌装置温度达到目标温度后开始计时。酸浸完成后,用抽滤装置将聚四氟乙烯罐中的物质进行固液分离,得到滤液。在滤液中加入少量还原铁粉,搅拌5 min,待溶液颜色由黄色变为绿色后放入烧杯中进行电化学沉积。电化学沉积通直流电源,电压设置为3 V,阳极和阴极均用石墨片电极,电极横截面积为4 cm2。取电化学沉积后阴极片上沉积物,干燥后进行测试。
HCl溶解过程中,Fe2O3与H+反应后以Fe3+形式存在于溶液中,主要发生的化学反应见式(1):
Fe2O3+6H+═══════2Fe3++3H2O;
加入还原铁粉后,溶液中Fe3+被还原成Fe2+,发生的化学反应见式(2):
2Fe3++Fe═══════3Fe2+;
电化学沉积过程如图2所示。电化学沉积过程中,溶液中的Cl-在阳极失去电子生成Cl2,化学反应见式(3):
2Cl--2e-═══════Cl2↑;
在电化学沉积过程中,阴极附近的H+得到电子生成H2,Fe2+得到电子生成单质Fe,反应见式(4)、(5):
2H++2e-═══════H2↑;
Fe2++2e-═══════Fe。
对阳极产生的H2和阴极产生的Cl2进行收集,反应后获得HCl,在浸出过程中重复利用。
电流密度J的计算公式如下:
J=$\frac{I}{A}$。
式中:J—电流密度,A/cm2;I—电流,A;A—电极横截面积,cm2
采用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF,ZSX Primus IV,50 kV,60 mA,积分时间40 s)检测粉煤灰原料的主要元素的氧化物组成。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS,OPTIMA7000DV,USA)测定酸浸液中Fe元素含量。采用扫描电镜(SEM,FEI QUANTA 650 FEG)对粉煤灰形貌进行分析表征。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD,D/MAX-2500/PC;40 kV,40 mA,2θ=5°~90°,扫描速率为3°/min)对粉煤灰及试验过程中电化学沉积产物组成进行表征,XRD谱图通过Jade6.5软件进行定性和半定量分析。
图3(a)为粉煤灰的XRD图谱。可知:粉煤灰主要由莫来石、刚玉及玻璃相构成,其中莫来石相占比高达73 %,刚玉相占4%,玻璃相占23%。图3(b)为粉煤灰的SEM照片。可清晰地观察到,粉煤灰由球状颗粒与不规则块状颗粒两大类别构成,这些球状颗粒粒径差异较大,且存在多个颗粒间相互联结现象。
图3(b)中的A点进行EDS分析,结果见表3。可知:A点处Al、Si、O质量百分比分别为33.29%、12.91%和46.77%,这与莫来石中Al、Si、O的理论质量比为81∶28∶104相近,因此推断,球状颗粒主要以莫来石相为主,且其表面被玻璃相所包裹;该玻璃相中还含有多种微量元素,其中Fe质量百分比为6.45%;至于不规则块状颗粒,通过对图3(b)中B点的EDS分析得知,其对应的Al、O质量百分比分别为52%和48%,这与刚玉(α-Al2O3)的Al、O元素质量比9∶8接近,因此推断,不规则块状颗粒主要为刚玉相。
在粉煤灰颗粒形成过程中,随碳粉燃烧后温度急剧下降,金属离子会倾向于在玻璃相中富集,粉煤灰中的玻璃相主要存在于粉煤灰颗粒表面层[21]
非晶态的铝硅酸盐相结构模型主要以无规网络模型为主流,如图4所示,以多个硅氧四面体为基础框架结构,氧原子连接多个硅氧四面体形成链状或闭环状的三维框架。碱金属离子占据了非晶态铝硅酸盐结构中的随机位置,形成短程无序的氧化物结构,并保持局部电中性[22]
玻璃相中主要存在的元素有Al、Fe、Si、Mg、Ca、K。各元素在非晶相中的存在形式各不相同。其中,Si原子以硅氧四面体形式存在于形成的框架中;K、Ca、Mg原子作为框架修饰体,主要以金属氧化物形式存在于硅氧四面体网络框架间隙中;Al、Fe则以中间体形式存在,Fe3+离子以[Fe${O}_{4}^{5-}$]四面体的形式进入框架网络,以[Fe${O}_{6}^{9-}$]八面体的形式进入玻璃网络外的空位。
玻璃相网络框架中铁氧四面体中的铁和氧以共价键连接,铁氧八面体可能和玻璃相网络框架以共同氧原子为顶点进行连接,还可以通过金属离子与氧离子之间的离子键连接。而化合物之间的化合键决定非晶相框架中短程结构的稳定性,其中化合键稳定性排序为:共价键>离子键>金属键>分子键。因此,在玻璃相中Fe浸出所需能量并不相同[23]
图5为HCl浓度对粉煤灰中Fe浸出率的影响。试验条件为:液固体积质量比8∶1,浸出温度90 ℃,浸出时间90 min。
图5看出:Fe浸出率随盐酸浓度增加呈先快后缓的上升趋势,盐酸浓度增至6 mol/L时,Fe浸出率达42%。这一结果与文献[10]结论吻合;但进一步增加HCl浓度,并未能继续提升Fe浸出率。因此,确定盐酸浓度以6 mol/L为宜。从有效碰撞理论的角度来看,并非所有分子的相互碰撞都能触发化学反应,仅当极少数能量较高且处于适当方向的活化分子发生有效碰撞时,化学反应才会发生。增加HCl浓度实际上增加了溶液中氢离子(H+)数量,进而增大了反应过程中活化分子间有效碰撞的概率,从而促进了H+与Fe2O3之间的反应。
图6为液固体积质量比对粉煤灰中Fe浸出率的影响。试验条件为:盐酸浓度6 mol/L,浸出温度90℃,浸出时间90 min。
图6看出:随液固体积质量比增大,Fe浸出率不断升高,当液固体积质量比增至8∶1时,Fe浸出率达最高,为41%,这一结果与文献[24]最佳液固体积质量比一致;继续增大液固体积质量比,对Fe浸出率的提升效果并不明显。因此,确定液固体积质量比以8∶1为宜。在酸溶液浓度保持恒定的条件下,增大液固体积质量比,溶液中氢离子浓度增大,从而使活化分子间有效碰撞概率增加。同时,这也增大了粉煤灰表面玻璃相与酸溶液的接触面积,为反应的进行提供了更为有利的条件,从而促进了Fe的有效浸出。
图7为浸出温度对Fe浸出率的影响。试验条件为:盐酸浓度6 mol/L,液固体积质量比8∶1,浸出时间90 min。
图7看出:随浸出温度升高,Fe浸出率呈升高趋势。当温度升至90 ℃时,Fe浸出率达41%;继续升高温度,Fe浸出率并未出现明显变化。因此,将浸出温度设定为90 ℃较为适宜。浸出温度的升高,一方面促进了反应产物FeCl3溶解度的提升,另一方面也使得单位体积内的活化分子数量增多,进而使活化分子浓度增大。这种变化有效提高了分子间有效碰撞的概率,从而加速了化学反应速率。
图8为浸出时间对Fe浸出率的影响。试验条件为:盐酸浓度6 mol/L,液固体积质量比8∶1,浸出温度90 ℃。
图8看出:Fe浸出率随浸出时间延长呈先升高后趋于平稳趋势。综合考虑HCl浓度、液固体积质量比、浸出温度、浸出时间,确定最佳浸出条件为:HCl浓度6 mol/L,液固体积质量比8∶1,浸出温度90 ℃,浸出时间90 min。在该条件下,Fe浸出率为41%。
图9为溶液pH随电化学沉积时间的变化曲线,电压为3 V。可以看出:溶液pH随电化学沉积时间延长逐渐升高,这主要由于电化学沉积过程中阴极产生氢气,氢离子被大量消耗所致;在0~75 min内,溶液pH从-0.5升至0缓慢,而从0升至1.9速度较快,这主要是因为pH高于0时,溶液中氢离子浓度降至1 mol/L以下,从而使pH升高速度加快。
图10为电流密度随电化学沉积时间的变化曲线,电压为3 V。可以看出:电流密度随电化学沉积时间延长呈下降趋势,这主要因为溶液中离子浓度逐渐降低,导致自由移动的离子数量相应减少,从而使电流变小;在0~60 min内,电流密度下降较为迅速,主要因为溶液中H+和Cl-浓度均高于1 mol/L,离子浓度相对较高;在60~135 min时,电流密度下降速度则相对较慢,主要是随电化学沉积进行,H+和Cl-被大量消耗,使电流减弱,从而导致溶液导电率下降。
图11为Fe2+质量浓度随电化学沉积时间的变化曲线,电压为3 V。
图11看出:在0~75 min内,Fe2+质量浓度变化并不明显,上下波动可能是测定结果误差;在75~135 min内,Fe2+质量浓度快速下降,阴极有明显的沉积物生成,对应的电化学沉积pH在0.5~1.9范围内,此时溶液中的Fe2+在阴极区域富集并析出,从而导致溶液中Fe2+浓度急剧降低。
图12为电化学沉积后阴极片上沉积物质的XRD分析结果。可以看出,沉积物质为铁。图13为阴极片上铁的形貌。可以看出:在电极片的中心区域,沉积物呈现紧凑且连续的薄膜状结构,其表面较为平滑,未观察到任何明显的裂纹或孔隙;电极片边缘部分沉积的铁则呈树枝状,这是因为铁在电极上的生长方式为岛状生长,且随电化学沉积时间延长,择优取向越来越明显,择优方向为<111>,因此铁在电极表面生长过程中会以树枝状生长[25];电极片中心区域与边缘的铁沉积形貌不同,可能是由于电流密度不同所致;值得注意的是,无论是在电极片的中心还是边缘,沉积出的铁均呈黑色。
沉积物质量与pH和时间之间的关系如图14所示。可以看出:随电化学沉积时间延长,溶液pH逐渐升高,试验中发现溶液pH升至0.5时,铁单质开始在阴极石墨片上沉积;pH升至1.2时,铁沉积质量增幅逐渐减小,升至1.9时,不再变化,电化学沉积过程结束。电化学沉积反应虽能将滤液中部分铁元素以铁单质形式沉积在阴极上,但随H+消耗,pH逐渐升高,Fe离子在溶液中以Fe(OH)3胶体形式存在,当溶液pH升至一定值时,电化学沉积过程结束。
通过HCl浸出与电化学沉积法从粉煤灰中回收提取Fe是可行的。浸出过程的最佳工艺条件为:HCl浓度6 mol/L,液固体积质量比8∶1,浸出温度90 ℃,浸出时间90 min。在该条件下,铁浸出率为41%。在pH为0.5~1.9时,可通过电化学沉积法完成单质铁的电沉积。
该法可为多种矿物中Fe的提取提供参考与借鉴,但溶液中的Fe元素不能通过电化学沉积过程实现完全提取,还有待进一步优化工艺。
  • 内蒙古自治区高校基本科研业务费项目(ZTY2024003)
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2025年第44卷第2期
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doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.012
  • 接收时间:2024-10-16
  • 首发时间:2025-07-05
  • 出版时间:2025-04-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-16
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内蒙古自治区高校基本科研业务费项目(ZTY2024003)
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    内蒙古工业大学 材料科学与工程学院, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010051

通讯作者:

史志铭(1964—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为粉煤灰分离提取高纯物质。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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