Article(id=1148109995088012019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109990923072455, articleNumber=1009-2617(2025)02-0222-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1728835200000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751660353681, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1745769600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751660353681, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751660353681, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751660353681, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148109990923072455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2025', volume='44', issue='2', pageStart='133', pageEnd='279', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751660352687, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758246043500, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1175732380301148501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109990923072455, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1175732380301148502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109990923072455, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=222, endPage=229, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1148109995255784194, articleId=1148109995088012019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Intelligent Control and Fault Detection Method for Hydrometallurgical Equipment Based on Real-time Machine Learning Algorithms, columnId=1152626641181700664, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Experiment Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Aiming at the problems such as relatively simple control and intelligent detection model of hydrometallurgical equipment and weak generalization ability,an algorithm model for intelligent control and fault detection of hydrometallurgical equipment based on deep learning was proposed. Firstly, SAC deep reinforcement learning algorithm was used to perform intelligent control of hydrometallurgical equipment. The improved ARIMA algorithm is used to detect the fault of the equipment. In order to further improve the real-time performance of the algorithm, LoRA fine-tuning network is introduced to fine-tune and accelerate the model with low parameters, and LoRA fine-tuning network to fine-tune and accelerate the model with low parameters. The accuracy of the model is 93.24% and the accuracy of fault detection is 91.34%. The practical application effect is good.
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针对当前湿法冶金设备控制和智能检测模型较为简单、泛化能力较弱等问题,提出了一种基于深度学习的湿法冶金设备智能控制和故障检测算法模型,首先利用基于SAC深度强化学习算法对湿法冶金设备进行智能控制,再根据智能控制的近期历史数据,采用改进ARIMA算法对设备进行故障检测。为了进一步提升算法的实时性,引入LoRA微调网络对模型进行低参数微调和加速,LoRA微调网络对模型进行低参数微调和加速。该模型对设备智能化控制精度达93.24%,故障检测准确率达91.34%,实际应用效果较好。
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赵铮(1990—),女,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向为计算机应用。
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赵铮(1990—),女,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向为计算机应用。
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赵铮(1990—),女,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向为计算机应用。
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42(7):2078-2087., articleTitle=Outlier detection algorithm based on autoencoder and ensemble learning, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1174443669156413776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995088012019, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174443669160608081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995088012019, companyId=1174443669156413776, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Computer Science and Applications, Pingdingshan Vocational and Technical College, Pingdingshan 467000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174443669164802386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995088012019, companyId=1174443669156413776, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=平顶山职业技术学院 计算机科学与应用系, 河南 平顶山 467000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1174443670544728417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995088012019, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Structure of SAC model, figureFileSmall=CyU0HwMshwbSOJAxIhwNaQ==, figureFileBig=7b5ceQ3NZyEVMrQSQDWAUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174443670595060066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995088012019, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
SAC模型的结构, figureFileSmall=CyU0HwMshwbSOJAxIhwNaQ==, figureFileBig=7b5ceQ3NZyEVMrQSQDWAUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174443670653780323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995088012019, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Principles of LoRA fine-tuned networks, figureFileSmall=mcAGVIuVD9e0IKzdA4pCjg==, figureFileBig=t6GzDQfDZFyg5GbWYUF1Lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174443670708306276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995088012019, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
LoRA微调网络的原理, figureFileSmall=mcAGVIuVD9e0IKzdA4pCjg==, figureFileBig=t6GzDQfDZFyg5GbWYUF1Lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174443670762832229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995088012019, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Fault classification used in fault detection
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| 故障类型 | 故障特征 | 可能的原因 |
| 泵故障 | 流量骤减,压力波动异常 | 泵磨损、堵塞或电机故障 |
| 温度传感器失效 | 温度读数波动剧烈、不在正常范围 | 传感器老化、连接线路故障 |
| 压力异常 | 压力超标或不足 | 管道堵塞、液体泄漏、阀门损坏 |
电积槽电流 波动异常 | 电流异常波动、金属沉积速率降低 | 电源设备故障、电极板磨损、酸液浓度不足 |
| 酸液流量异常 | 酸液流量偏低或偏高,影响浸出反应速率 | 管道堵塞或泄漏、阀门控制不当 |
| 设备振动过大 | 振动加剧、噪音增大 | 设备基础松动、部件磨损或故障 |
| 液位异常 | 液位过高或过低 | 液体供应异常、排放系统故障、阀门失效 |
| 传送带故障 | 传送带运行异常、速度不稳、材料传送中断 | 传送带松动或断裂、传动系统故障 |
| 搅拌机故障 | 搅拌速度降低或不均匀、搅拌扭矩波动 | 电机故障、搅拌叶片磨损、材料堵塞 |
| 电气系统故障 | 电气设备无法正常工作、设备无法启动 | 电气连接松动、设备损坏、电路过载 |
), ArticleFig(id=1174443670825746790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995088012019, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
故障检测中使用的故障分类
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 故障类型 | 故障特征 | 可能的原因 |
| 泵故障 | 流量骤减,压力波动异常 | 泵磨损、堵塞或电机故障 |
| 温度传感器失效 | 温度读数波动剧烈、不在正常范围 | 传感器老化、连接线路故障 |
| 压力异常 | 压力超标或不足 | 管道堵塞、液体泄漏、阀门损坏 |
电积槽电流 波动异常 | 电流异常波动、金属沉积速率降低 | 电源设备故障、电极板磨损、酸液浓度不足 |
| 酸液流量异常 | 酸液流量偏低或偏高,影响浸出反应速率 | 管道堵塞或泄漏、阀门控制不当 |
| 设备振动过大 | 振动加剧、噪音增大 | 设备基础松动、部件磨损或故障 |
| 液位异常 | 液位过高或过低 | 液体供应异常、排放系统故障、阀门失效 |
| 传送带故障 | 传送带运行异常、速度不稳、材料传送中断 | 传送带松动或断裂、传动系统故障 |
| 搅拌机故障 | 搅拌速度降低或不均匀、搅拌扭矩波动 | 电机故障、搅拌叶片磨损、材料堵塞 |
| 电气系统故障 | 电气设备无法正常工作、设备无法启动 | 电气连接松动、设备损坏、电路过载 |
), ArticleFig(id=1174443670909632871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995088012019, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Evaluation indicators and descriptions
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 评价指标 | 说明 |
| 1 | 控制精度/% | 评价设备在智能控制过程中对关键工艺参数的控制精度 |
| 2 | 浸出率/% | 评价铜等金属的提取效率,反映智能控制系统对湿法冶金工艺的优化效果 |
| 3 | 能耗/W | 评价设备在电积过程中单位金属产量的电能消耗,反映能效优化效果 |
| 4 | 准确率/% | 用于评价故障检测模型的预测准确率,评价模型对设备故障的检测和预测能力 |
| 5 | 召回率/% | 评价模型在故障检测中的灵敏度,反映预测模型对实际故障的捕捉能力 |
| 6 | 误报率/% | 评价模型在故障预测中的误报情况,反映模型的检测结果可靠性 |
| 7 | 实时性/s | 评价控制系统的响应速度和故障检测及时性,反映模型在实际生产环境中的快速反应能力,通常响应延迟应小于200 ms。 |
), ArticleFig(id=1174443670968353128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995088012019, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
评价指标及说明
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 评价指标 | 说明 |
| 1 | 控制精度/% | 评价设备在智能控制过程中对关键工艺参数的控制精度 |
| 2 | 浸出率/% | 评价铜等金属的提取效率,反映智能控制系统对湿法冶金工艺的优化效果 |
| 3 | 能耗/W | 评价设备在电积过程中单位金属产量的电能消耗,反映能效优化效果 |
| 4 | 准确率/% | 用于评价故障检测模型的预测准确率,评价模型对设备故障的检测和预测能力 |
| 5 | 召回率/% | 评价模型在故障检测中的灵敏度,反映预测模型对实际故障的捕捉能力 |
| 6 | 误报率/% | 评价模型在故障预测中的误报情况,反映模型的检测结果可靠性 |
| 7 | 实时性/s | 评价控制系统的响应速度和故障检测及时性,反映模型在实际生产环境中的快速反应能力,通常响应延迟应小于200 ms。 |
), ArticleFig(id=1174443671052239209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995088012019, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Comparative results of evaluation indicators for application effectiveness of different equipment control models
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 设备控制评价指标 | 设备故障检测评价指标 |
| 控制精度/% | 浸出率/% | 能耗/W | 准确率/% | 召回率/% | 误报率/% |
| 设备控制模型1[4] | 81.35 | 81.11 | 92 | | | |
| 设备控制模型2[5] | 84.24 | 82.52 | 94 | | | |
| 设备故障检测模型1[6] | | | | 89.14 | 89.12 | 13.22 |
| 设备故障检测模型2[7] | | | | 90.12 | 88.82 | 17.39 |
| 本算法模型 | 93.24 | 93.52 | 81 | 91.34 | 90.11 | 10.13 |
), ArticleFig(id=1174443671115153770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995088012019, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
不同的设备控制模型的应用效果评价指标对比结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 设备控制评价指标 | 设备故障检测评价指标 |
| 控制精度/% | 浸出率/% | 能耗/W | 准确率/% | 召回率/% | 误报率/% |
| 设备控制模型1[4] | 81.35 | 81.11 | 92 | | | |
| 设备控制模型2[5] | 84.24 | 82.52 | 94 | | | |
| 设备故障检测模型1[6] | | | | 89.14 | 89.12 | 13.22 |
| 设备故障检测模型2[7] | | | | 90.12 | 88.82 | 17.39 |
| 本算法模型 | 93.24 | 93.52 | 81 | 91.34 | 90.11 | 10.13 |
), ArticleFig(id=1174443671224205675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995088012019, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Ablation test results of SAC module
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 控制精度/% | 浸出率/% | 能耗/W |
| BP神经网络 | 87.23 | 91.12 | 102 |
| DQN | 89.35 | 92.63 | 104 |
| DDQN | 91.42 | 91.26 | 92 |
| SAC | 93.24 | 93.52 | 81 |
), ArticleFig(id=1174443671333257580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995088012019, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
SAC模块的消融试验结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 控制精度/% | 浸出率/% | 能耗/W |
| BP神经网络 | 87.23 | 91.12 | 102 |
| DQN | 89.35 | 92.63 | 104 |
| DDQN | 91.42 | 91.26 | 92 |
| SAC | 93.24 | 93.52 | 81 |
), ArticleFig(id=1174443671387783533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995088012019, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Ablation test results of ARIMA module
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| 模型 | 准确率/% | 召回率/% | 误报率/% |
| LSTM | 89.13 | 81.26 | 10.12 |
| HMM | 82.45 | 83.64 | 12.63 |
| Autoencoder | 87.24 | 86.22 | 15.31 |
| ARIMA | 91.34 | 90.11 | 10.13 |
), ArticleFig(id=1174443671463281006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995088012019, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
ARIMA模块的消融试验结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 准确率/% | 召回率/% | 误报率/% |
| LSTM | 89.13 | 81.26 | 10.12 |
| HMM | 82.45 | 83.64 | 12.63 |
| Autoencoder | 87.24 | 86.22 | 15.31 |
| ARIMA | 91.34 | 90.11 | 10.13 |
), ArticleFig(id=1174443671513612655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995088012019, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=
Ablation test results of LoRA module
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 项目 | 推理延迟时间/s | 模型训练时间/h |
| 不使用LoRA | 4.2 | 10.2 |
| 使用LoRA | 1.2 | 5.7 |
), ArticleFig(id=1174443671563944304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995088012019, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
LoRA模块的消融试验结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 项目 | 推理延迟时间/s | 模型训练时间/h |
| 不使用LoRA | 4.2 | 10.2 |
| 使用LoRA | 1.2 | 5.7 |
), ArticleFig(id=1174443671610081649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995088012019, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=
Changes of key evaluation indicators of equipment control inferred by model
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模型运行 时间/h | SAC模型的 设备控制 精度/% | ARIMA模型的 故障预测 准确率/% | LoRA模型的 推理延迟 时间/s |
| 1 | 90.86 | 86.61 | 1.72 |
| 2 | 91.15 | 87.48 | 1.67 |
| 3 | 91.49 | 88.25 | 1.58 |
| 4 | 91.79 | 89.03 | 1.57 |
| 5 | 92.73 | 89.21 | 1.53 |
| 6 | 92.75 | 90.13 | 1.45 |
| 7 | 92.95 | 90.32 | 1.39 |
| 8 | 92.97 | 90.53 | 1.29 |
| 9 | 92.98 | 90.65 | 1.25 |
| 10 | 93.24 | 91.34 | 1.20 |
), ArticleFig(id=1174443671710744946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995088012019, language=CN, label=表7, caption=
模型推理的设备控制关键评价指标变化情况
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型运行 时间/h | SAC模型的 设备控制 精度/% | ARIMA模型的 故障预测 准确率/% | LoRA模型的 推理延迟 时间/s |
| 1 | 90.86 | 86.61 | 1.72 |
| 2 | 91.15 | 87.48 | 1.67 |
| 3 | 91.49 | 88.25 | 1.58 |
| 4 | 91.79 | 89.03 | 1.57 |
| 5 | 92.73 | 89.21 | 1.53 |
| 6 | 92.75 | 90.13 | 1.45 |
| 7 | 92.95 | 90.32 | 1.39 |
| 8 | 92.97 | 90.53 | 1.29 |
| 9 | 92.98 | 90.65 | 1.25 |
| 10 | 93.24 | 91.34 | 1.20 |
), ArticleFig(id=1174443671844962675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995088012019, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=
Evaluation of indicators for various types of equipment fault detection by model
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| 故障类型 | 准确率/% | 召回率/% | 误报率/% |
| 泵故障 | 89.64 | 83.07 | 15.21 |
| 温度传感器失效 | 88.22 | 83.21 | 25.94 |
| 压力异常 | 83.34 | 88.34 | 13.77 |
| 电积槽的电流波动异常 | 85.52 | 84.85 | 23.07 |
| 酸液流量异常 | 82.51 | 85.38 | 19.54 |
| 设备振动过大 | 84.83 | 80.64 | 19.76 |
| 液位异常 | 86.73 | 87.95 | 12.43 |
| 传送带故障 | 85.23 | 85.46 | 11.81 |
| 搅拌机故障 | 80.02 | 86.82 | 24.28 |
| 电气系统故障 | 87.91 | 83.98 | 18.52 |
), ArticleFig(id=1174443671916265844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995088012019, language=CN, label=表8, caption=
模型推理的各种类型设备故障检测评价指标情况
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 故障类型 | 准确率/% | 召回率/% | 误报率/% |
| 泵故障 | 89.64 | 83.07 | 15.21 |
| 温度传感器失效 | 88.22 | 83.21 | 25.94 |
| 压力异常 | 83.34 | 88.34 | 13.77 |
| 电积槽的电流波动异常 | 85.52 | 84.85 | 23.07 |
| 酸液流量异常 | 82.51 | 85.38 | 19.54 |
| 设备振动过大 | 84.83 | 80.64 | 19.76 |
| 液位异常 | 86.73 | 87.95 | 12.43 |
| 传送带故障 | 85.23 | 85.46 | 11.81 |
| 搅拌机故障 | 80.02 | 86.82 | 24.28 |
| 电气系统故障 | 87.91 | 83.98 | 18.52 |
), ArticleFig(id=1174443671966597493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995088012019, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=
Empirical research results
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 项目 | 模型应用效果 |
| 1 | 铜浸出率 | 在有模型支持的情况下,铜平均回收率从87.5%提升至92.3%,提高4.8% |
| 2 | 能耗优化 | 电积过程的能耗降低7.2%,平均电能消耗从350 kWh/t铜降至325 kWh/t铜 |
| 3 | 故障预测与检测 | 模型成功提前预测了3个主要设备故障,平均提前时间为2.3 h,减少了设备停机时间,避免了15%的潜在产能损失 |
| 4 | 误报率 | 故障预测模型误报率为2.1%,大幅优于传统故障诊断方法 |
), ArticleFig(id=1174443672021123446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109995088012019, language=CN, label=表9, caption=
实证研究结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 项目 | 模型应用效果 |
| 1 | 铜浸出率 | 在有模型支持的情况下,铜平均回收率从87.5%提升至92.3%,提高4.8% |
| 2 | 能耗优化 | 电积过程的能耗降低7.2%,平均电能消耗从350 kWh/t铜降至325 kWh/t铜 |
| 3 | 故障预测与检测 | 模型成功提前预测了3个主要设备故障,平均提前时间为2.3 h,减少了设备停机时间,避免了15%的潜在产能损失 |
| 4 | 误报率 | 故障预测模型误报率为2.1%,大幅优于传统故障诊断方法 |
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