Article(id=1148109994211402400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109990923072455, articleNumber=1009-2617(2025)02-0215-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1726848000000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751660353471, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1745769600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751660353471, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751660353471, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751660353471, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148109990923072455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2025', volume='44', issue='2', pageStart='133', pageEnd='279', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751660352687, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758246043500, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1175732380301148501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109990923072455, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1175732380301148502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109990923072455, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=215, endPage=221, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1148109994374980276, articleId=1148109994211402400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Extraction Performance of PAO/In-N-C Electrode Materials for Uranium from Seawater, columnId=1152626641181700664, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Experiment Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

An indium-nitrogen-carbon electrode material (PAO/In-N-C) modified with amidoxime was prepared using graphite felt as matrix material by chemical modification and coating, and uranium was extracted from seawater by electrochemical workstation. The effects of the PAO/In-N-C electrode material dosage, applied voltage, pH of spiked seawater and adsorption time on the extraction of uranium from low-concentration spiked seawater were investigated. The ion selectivity and recycling performance of the electrode material were tested, and the interaction mechanism between the electrode and uranyl ions was discussed. The results show that the extraction rate of uranium is 71.16% under the conditions of applied voltage of -3~0 V, PAO/In-N-C electrode material dosage of 7 mg, adsorption time of 400 min, and seawater pH=8.10.PAO/IN-N-C electrode material reduction of uranium in seawater is divided into two steps: electroadsorption and electrodeposition. Firstly, the electromagnetic field is used to accelerate the migration of $\mathrm{UO}_{2}^{2+}$ to the electrode surface, and then the electroneutral compound UO2 is formed and deposited on the electrode surface. The material has remarkable adsorption kinetics, good ion selectivity and reusability,and is expected to be used for uranium extraction from seawater.

, correspAuthors=Shusen CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yan SONG, Fengju WANG, Gang CHEN, Ziming LI, Haotian WU, Hao LI, He LI, Shusen CHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1148110003317236191, articleId=1148109994211402400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=CN, title=PAO/In-N-C电极材料对海水中铀的提取性能研究, columnId=1152626641328501305, journalTitle=湿法冶金, columnName=试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=研究了以石墨毡为基体材料,采用化学改性法和涂覆法制备偕胺肟修饰的铟-氮-碳电极材料(PAO/In-N-C),并利用电化学工作站从海水中提取铀。考察了电极材料用量、外加电压、加标海水pH、吸附时间对该电极材料从低浓度加标海水中提取铀的影响,测试了该电极材料的离子选择性和循环使用性能,探讨了该电极与铀酰离子的作用机制。结果表明:针对pH=8.10的加标海水,在外加电压为-3~0 V、PAO/In-N-C电极材料用量7 mg、吸附时间400 min条件下,铀提取率为71.16%;PAO/In-N-C电极还原加标海水中的铀分为电吸附和电沉积2步,先利用电磁场加速$\mathrm{UO}_{2}^{2+}$迁移到电极表面,再形成电中性化合物UO2沉积在电极表面。该材料吸附动力学性能显著,具有较好的离子选择性和重复使用性,有望用于海水提铀。, correspAuthors=陈树森, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
陈树森(1978—),男,博士,研究员级高级工程师,主要研究方向为有机高分子材料。
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宋艳(1988—),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为无机材料、有机高分子材料。

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宋艳(1988—),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为无机材料、有机高分子材料。

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宋艳(1988—),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为无机材料、有机高分子材料。

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Selectivity test results of PAO/In-N-C electrode material for metal ions

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金属离子 吸附前溶液中
ρB/(mg·L-1)
吸附后溶液中
ρB/(mg·L-1)
提取率/%
$\mathrm{UO}_{2}^{2+}$ 3.301 0.928 71.89
$\mathrm{VO}_{3}^{-}$ 1.718 1.349 21.47
Fe3+ 1.252 1.072 14.37
Co2+ 0.051 0.049 3.92
Ni2+ 0.747 0.659 11.78
Cu2+ 0.804 0.745 7.33
Mg2+ 1 090.05 912.22 16.31
Ca2+ 341.42 308.67 9.59
Na+ 10 072.09 9 475.38 5.92
), ArticleFig(id=1175092979015500275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109994211402400, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

PAO/In-N-C电极材料对金属离子的选择性测试结果

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金属离子 吸附前溶液中
ρB/(mg·L-1)
吸附后溶液中
ρB/(mg·L-1)
提取率/%
$\mathrm{UO}_{2}^{2+}$ 3.301 0.928 71.89
$\mathrm{VO}_{3}^{-}$ 1.718 1.349 21.47
Fe3+ 1.252 1.072 14.37
Co2+ 0.051 0.049 3.92
Ni2+ 0.747 0.659 11.78
Cu2+ 0.804 0.745 7.33
Mg2+ 1 090.05 912.22 16.31
Ca2+ 341.42 308.67 9.59
Na+ 10 072.09 9 475.38 5.92
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PAO/In-N-C电极材料对海水中铀的提取性能研究
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宋艳 , 王凤菊 , 陈刚 , 李子明 , 吴浩天 , 李昊 , 李壑 , 陈树森
湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025,44(2): 215-221
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湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025, 44(2): 215-221
PAO/In-N-C电极材料对海水中铀的提取性能研究
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宋艳, 王凤菊, 陈刚, 李子明, 吴浩天, 李昊, 李壑, 陈树森
作者信息
  • 核工业北京化工冶金研究院, 北京 101149
  • 宋艳(1988—),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为无机材料、有机高分子材料。

通讯作者:

陈树森(1978—),男,博士,研究员级高级工程师,主要研究方向为有机高分子材料。
Extraction Performance of PAO/In-N-C Electrode Materials for Uranium from Seawater
Yan SONG, Fengju WANG, Gang CHEN, Ziming LI, Haotian WU, Hao LI, He LI, Shusen CHEN
Affiliations
  • Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC, Beijing 101149, China
出版时间: 2025-04-28 doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.010
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研究了以石墨毡为基体材料,采用化学改性法和涂覆法制备偕胺肟修饰的铟-氮-碳电极材料(PAO/In-N-C),并利用电化学工作站从海水中提取铀。考察了电极材料用量、外加电压、加标海水pH、吸附时间对该电极材料从低浓度加标海水中提取铀的影响,测试了该电极材料的离子选择性和循环使用性能,探讨了该电极与铀酰离子的作用机制。结果表明:针对pH=8.10的加标海水,在外加电压为-3~0 V、PAO/In-N-C电极材料用量7 mg、吸附时间400 min条件下,铀提取率为71.16%;PAO/In-N-C电极还原加标海水中的铀分为电吸附和电沉积2步,先利用电磁场加速$\mathrm{UO}_{2}^{2+}$迁移到电极表面,再形成电中性化合物UO2沉积在电极表面。该材料吸附动力学性能显著,具有较好的离子选择性和重复使用性,有望用于海水提铀。
海水提铀  /  PAO/In-N-C电极  /  加标海水  /  铀  /  提取

An indium-nitrogen-carbon electrode material (PAO/In-N-C) modified with amidoxime was prepared using graphite felt as matrix material by chemical modification and coating, and uranium was extracted from seawater by electrochemical workstation. The effects of the PAO/In-N-C electrode material dosage, applied voltage, pH of spiked seawater and adsorption time on the extraction of uranium from low-concentration spiked seawater were investigated. The ion selectivity and recycling performance of the electrode material were tested, and the interaction mechanism between the electrode and uranyl ions was discussed. The results show that the extraction rate of uranium is 71.16% under the conditions of applied voltage of -3~0 V, PAO/In-N-C electrode material dosage of 7 mg, adsorption time of 400 min, and seawater pH=8.10.PAO/IN-N-C electrode material reduction of uranium in seawater is divided into two steps: electroadsorption and electrodeposition. Firstly, the electromagnetic field is used to accelerate the migration of $\mathrm{UO}_{2}^{2+}$ to the electrode surface, and then the electroneutral compound UO2 is formed and deposited on the electrode surface. The material has remarkable adsorption kinetics, good ion selectivity and reusability,and is expected to be used for uranium extraction from seawater.

uranium extraction from seawater  /  PAO/In-N-C electrode  /  spiked seawater  /  uranium  /  extraction
宋艳, 王凤菊, 陈刚, 李子明, 吴浩天, 李昊, 李壑, 陈树森. PAO/In-N-C电极材料对海水中铀的提取性能研究. 湿法冶金, 2025 , 44 (2) : 215 -221 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.010
Yan SONG, Fengju WANG, Gang CHEN, Ziming LI, Haotian WU, Hao LI, He LI, Shusen CHEN. Extraction Performance of PAO/In-N-C Electrode Materials for Uranium from Seawater[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2025 , 44 (2) : 215 -221 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.010
铀作为核电运行最重要的核燃料,其供应是保障核电可持续发展的关键;但陆地上已探明的铀矿石储量仅能支持全球约70年的核能消耗,因此探寻和开拓新的铀资源十分必要。据探测,海水中蕴含的铀资源约为45亿t[1],如能对其加以有效提取利用,将有利于核电行业的可持续发展。海水中的铀主要以六价铀形式存在于碳酸铀酰或中性电荷衍生物中,质量浓度仅为3.3 μg/L,且存在大量竞争离子,从海水中提取铀极具挑战性[2-3]。从海水中提取铀的方法主要有溶剂法、共沉淀法、离子交换法、吸附法和电化学法。其中,吸附法是目前研究最为广泛的方法之一,采用该法已从真实海水中成功吸附少量铀,但使用中仍面临铀吸附容量不高、吸附平衡时间较长、脱附程序复杂等诸多挑战。
相较吸附法,电化学法具有提取能力较强、铀酰离子迁移速度较快、脱附简单等优点[4-9],逐渐受到重视。电极材料的选择是该法的关键,直接影响提取铀的能耗和反应效率。近年来,国内外研究人员已研发了多种用于电化学法从海水中提取铀的材料,如偕胺肟功能化碳电极、偕胺肟基团修饰碳化钛基MXene纳米片电极、Fe3O4电极等。这些材料都是选用导电性较好、比表面积较大的石墨毡作为基体材料,再将对铀酰离子具有较好提取性能的吸附材料涂覆在石墨毡上,从而达到高效、快速分离溶液中铀的效果。现有试验研究所用含铀溶液多为配制的纯铀溶液或通过溶解一定量海盐配制的溶液,未充分考虑真实海水中Cl、Na、Mg、S、Ca、Fe、V等离子的影响,材料的吸附性能还有待进一步验证[10-13]
针对上述问题,试验首先采用化学改性法制备了PAO/In-N-C材料,再将其涂覆在石墨毡上制备了PAO/In-N-C电极材料,考察了电极材料用量、外加电压、加标海水pH、吸附时间对该电极材料从低浓度加标海水中提取铀的影响,确定了试验条件。此外,测试了PAO/In-N-C电极材料的离子选择性和重复使用性能,并探讨了该电极与铀酰离子的作用机制,以期为海水提铀提供一种可选择的电极材料。
加标海水:取海南昌江黎族自治县附近海域的真实海水,加入硝酸铀酰六水化合物,用碳酸氢钠溶液调节pH至8.10(真实海水pH在8.10左右),配制成铀质量浓度为3.3 mg/L的加标海水溶液,用于对电极材料进行快速筛选和性能评估。
2-甲基咪唑、六水合硝酸锌、甲醇、氢氧化钾、单宁酸、五水合硝酸铟、硫酸、硝酸、二甲基甲酰胺、二氯亚砜、四氢呋喃、氨水、乙腈、甲醛、乙酸、盐酸羟胺、氯化钠、乙醇、Nafion溶液(5%)、碳酸氢钠等,均为分析纯。
石墨毡,厚度2 mm;石墨片电极,30 mm×30 mm×30 mm;饱和甘汞参比电极。
DHG-9055A电热鼓风干燥器,上海一恒科学仪器;BS224S分析天平,上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司;KS 3000 i control恒温振荡仪,艾卡(广州)仪器设备有限公司;RET basic磁力搅拌器,艾卡(广州)仪器设备有限公司;CHI660C电化学工作站,上海辰华有限公司;GSL-1400X管式炉,合肥科晶材料技术有限公司;Tensor II型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪,德国布鲁克公司;JSM-6480A型扫描电子显微镜,日本JEOL公司;PHS-3C酸度计,上海仪电有限公司。
参照文献[14]方法,采用溶剂热合成法制备沸石咪唑酯骨架纳米颗粒(ZIF-8)。将ZIF-8纳米颗粒加入到单宁酸溶液中反应一定时间后取出,离心,干燥,之后再加入到五水合硝酸铟溶液中反应一定时间,经离心过滤后放入管式炉中,于950 ℃下退火2 h,然后冷却至室温,得铟-氮-碳材料(In-N-C)。
将In-N-C材料加入到二甲基甲酰胺和二氯亚砜的混合溶液中,反应一定时间后取出,离心、洗涤后,在冰浴条件下投入到氨水中反应4 h;离心、过滤、干燥后,加入到乙腈、甲醛溶液和乙酸的混合溶液中,于90 ℃下反应12 h;洗涤、干燥后加入到盐酸羟胺、氯化钠和蒸馏水的混合溶液中,于70 ℃下反应6 h,离心、过滤,得PAO/In-N-C电极材料。
称取一定量PAO/In-N-C电极材料加入到导电炭黑、乙醇、Nafion和蒸馏水的混合溶液中形成涂覆液,在超声搅拌下形成电催化油墨,并将其涂覆到石墨毡上,自然晾干,得PAO/In-N-C电极材料。
所有电化学提取铀试验均在CHI电化学工作站上并采用计时电流法进行。工作电极是PAO/In-N-C电极,对电极为石墨片电极,辅助电极为饱和甘汞电极。按照《水质 65种元素的测定 电感耦合等离子体质谱法》(HJ 700—2014)标准[15]中的方法,利用ICP-MS测定加标海水中铀质量浓度,按下式计算U(Ⅵ)提取率x:
x=$\frac{{\rho }_{0}-{\rho }_{t}}{{\rho }_{0}}$×100%。
式中:ρ0—加标海水中U(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度,mg/L;ρt—电化学提铀t时间后加标海水中U(Ⅵ)质量浓度,mg/L。
电化学提铀后,将PAO/In-N-C电极用蒸馏水洗涤,之后置于装有50 mL解吸剂的烧杯中,采用施加3 V反向电压方式解吸0.5 h,采用ICP-MS测定解吸液中铀质量浓度。
In-N-C和PAO/In-N-C的化学结构如下:
In-N-C和PAO/In-N-C的红外光谱如图1所示。
图1看出:与In-N-C相比,PAO/In-N-C的红外光谱在3 100~3 300、1 637、1 580、1 380和924 cm-1处出现了新峰,分别对应于偕胺肟基的O—H、C══N、N—H、C—N和N—O振动峰,表明在In-N-C中成功引入了偕胺肟功能基团。
在外加电压为-3~0 V,加标海水pH=8.10、吸附时间360 min条件下,考察PAO/In-N-C电极材料用量对提取铀的影响,试验结果如图2所示。
图2看出:随PAO/In-N-C电极材料用量增加,铀提取率先逐渐升高后略有降低;PAO/In-N-C电极材料用量增至7 mg时,铀提取率达最大,为66.02%;继续增加PAO/In-N-C材料用量,铀提取率反而下降,这是因为PAO/In-N-C电极材料用量过多,易产生堆积,即使延长超声时间也无法将其完全分散,影响铀提取率。因此,确定PAO/In-N-C电极材料用量以7 mg为宜。
在PAO/In-N-C电极材料用量为7 mg、加标海水pH=8.10、吸附时间360 min条件下,考察外加电压对提取铀的影响,试验结果如图3所示。可以看出:随低电压数值增加,电极材料对铀的提取率升高;外加电压为-3~0 V时,铀提取率达最大,为66.02%;继续增加低电压数值,铀提取率反而下降,这是由于低电压数值增大使溶液中其他金属离子与铀酰离子竞争吸附位点,导致铀提取率下降。因此,确定采用外加电压-3~0 V进行试验为宜。
在提取U(Ⅵ)过程中,溶液中U(Ⅵ)的存在形式通常会受到pH影响,导致电极材料对铀酰离子的提取能力存在差异。在PAO/In-N-C电极材料用量7 mg、外加电压-3~0 V、吸附时间360 min条件下,考察加标海水pH对PAO/In-N-C电极材料提取铀的影响,试验结果如图4所示。
图4看出:加标海水pH由3升至7时,PAO/In-N-C电极材料对加标海水中铀提取率不断升高,并在pH=7时达最大,为70.11%;继续升高pH,铀提取率反而下降,这是因为偕胺肟基团会在酸性环境中发生质子化效应,正电荷间产生静电斥力,抑制其对铀的吸附,且在pH较高条件下,U (Ⅵ)会转变为稳定常数较高的[UO2(OH)3]-,也不利于吸附[16]。由于真实海水pH在8.10左右,因此确定以pH=8.10的加标海水进行试验为宜。
在PAO/In-N-C电极材料用量7 mg、加标海水pH=8.10、外加电压-3~0 V条件下,考察吸附时间对PAO/In-N-C电极材料提取铀的影响,试验结果如图5所示。
图5看出:PAO/In-N-C电极材料对铀的提取率随吸附时间延长而升高,吸附400 min时,铀提取率达71.16%;之后继续延长吸附时间,铀提取率升幅不大,趋于稳定。因此,确定吸附时间以400 min为宜。
分别采用拟一级动力学模型和拟二级动力学模型[17]对PAO/In-N-C电极材料吸附铀的试验数据进行拟合,结果如图6所示。
拟一级动力学模型方程:
ln(qe-qt)=ln qe-k1t;
拟二级动力学模型方程:
$\frac{t}{{q}_{t}}$=$\frac{1}{{k}_{2}{q}_{e}^{2}}$+$\frac{t}{{q}_{e}}$。
式中:qe—电极对铀平衡吸附量,mg/g;qt—吸附t时间时电极对铀的吸附量,mg/g;k1—拟一级动力学模型的吸附速率平衡常数,min-1;k2—拟二级动力学模型的吸附速率平衡常数,g/(mg·min);t—吸附时间,min。
图6看出:拟一级动力学模型的拟合曲线方程为y=-0.006 04x+4.029 33,线性相关系数为0.947 34;拟二级动力学模型的拟合曲线方程为y=0.014 3x+2.674 52,线性相关系数为0.961 03。说明采用拟二级动力学模型比拟一级动力学模型描述PAO/In-N-C电极材料对U(Ⅵ)的吸附动力学过程更好,吸附过程中化学吸附占主导。
在外加电压-3~0 V、加标海水pH=8.01、PAO/In-N-C电极材料用量7 mg、吸附时间400 min适宜条件下吸附加标海水中的铀,利用XPS分析了吸附铀后PAO/In-N-C电极的元素组成,结果如图7所示。由图7(a)看出:XPS光谱中有C、N、O、In和U出现,说明在电极材料表面吸附了一定量的铀。由图7(b)看出:U(Ⅵ)在U 4f7/2和U 4f5/2的峰出现在382.32 和393.15 eV处,而U(Ⅳ)在U 4f7/2和U 4f5/2的峰出现在380.57 和391.41 eV处,U(Ⅵ)和U(Ⅳ)峰同时出现,说明PAO/In-N-C电极能将部分U(Ⅵ)还原为U(Ⅳ)。
PAO/In-N-C电极与加标海水中铀酰离子的反应过程示意如图8所示。PAO/In-N-C电极与铀酰离子的作用机制包括电吸附和电沉积2个过程[18]。在电吸附过程中,当无电流通过时,各金属离子均匀分布在加标海水中(图8(a));当有电流通过时,电磁场加速$\mathrm{UO}_{2}^{2+}$迁移到电极表面,在溶液和电极表面形成了双电层(图8(b)),吸附的铀酰离子可以与负极上的偕胺肟基团配位,协同提高铀提取率,随后结合电子形成电中性化合物UO2沉积在负极表面(图8(c))。在第2次循环中再次无电流通过时,没有特异结合的其他离子将再次分散到溶液中(图8(d));而再次有电流通过时,铀酰离子继续进行电吸附(图8(e))和电沉积(图8(f))。随循环的重复,铀不断沉积在负极表面以实现富集,在铀吸附过程中最关键的部分是UO2的还原,使得铀沉积在工作电极上,易于富集并可提升工作效率。
为了验证PAO/In-N-C电极材料对铀酰离子的离子选择性,配制了一种模拟溶液,其中金属离子($\mathrm{VO}_{3}^{-}$、Fe3+、Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+)和U(Ⅵ)浓度分别为真实海水中相应离子质量浓度的1 000倍,Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+质量浓度与真实海水中的相同(Na+、Mg2+和Ca2+浓度过高,已达饱和状态),利用PAO/In-N-C电极进行电化学性能测试,测定吸附金属离子前后溶液中离子浓度,计算提取率,结果见表1。可以看出:PAO/In-N-C电极对U(Ⅵ)的提取率为71.89%,远高于其他离子,说明PAO/In-N-C电极对海水中铀酰离子具有较好的选择性。
为研究PAO/In-N-C电极材料的重复使用性能,首先通过试验筛选适宜的解吸剂。选用4种不同解吸剂对吸附铀后的PAO/In-N-C电极材料进行解吸,试验结果如图9所示。可以看出:0.2 mol/L Na2CO3对铀的解吸效果最好,解吸率为87.41%;0.1 mol/L HNO3和0.5 mol/L H2SO4解吸效果次之,解吸率分别为64.88%和50.23%;0.4 mol/L NaHCO3解吸效果最差,解吸率仅为39.12%。因此,选择0.2 mol/L Na2CO3溶液为解吸剂。
在外加电压为-3~0 V、加标海水pH=8.10、PAO/In-N-C电极材料用量7 mg、吸附时间400 min条件下进行吸附试验;然后用水冲洗电极,采用施加反向电压方式,用0.2 mol/L Na2CO3溶液对电极材料进行铀解吸试验,控制解吸时间为0.5 h;解吸后取出电极用水冲洗,重复上述操作4次,考察PAO/In-N-C电极材料的重复使用性能,结果如图10所示。
图10看出:随吸附—解吸循环次数增加,电极材料对铀的提取率降低,循环5次后,铀提取率仍保持在55%左右,说明PAO/In-N-C电极材料具有较好的重复使用性能。
从In-N-C材料的构筑及表面偕胺肟的接枝改性出发,利用涂覆法将PAO/In-N-C材料负载到石墨毡表面制备了PAO/In-N-C电极材料,并采用电化学法将其用于从海水中提取铀是可行的。PAO/In-N-C电极材料对铀的提取过程首先是利用电磁场加速$\mathrm{UO}_{2}^{2+}$迁移到电极表面,然后形成电中性化合物UO2沉积在电极表面。在PAO/In-N-C电极材料用量7 mg、外加电压-3~0 V、加标海水pH=8.10、吸附时间400 min适宜条件下,铀提取率为71.16%;利用施加反向电压方式对材料进行解吸,以0.2 mol/L Na2CO3为解吸剂,铀解吸率可达87.41%;该电极材料对海水中铀酰离子具有较好的选择性,重复使用性能良好。该电极材料对于采用电化学法从海水中提铀具有一定应用潜力,是一种可供选择的材料。
  • 中核集团青年英才科研项目(中核研发[2023]384号)
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2025年第44卷第2期
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doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.010
  • 接收时间:2024-09-21
  • 首发时间:2025-07-05
  • 出版时间:2025-04-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-21
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中核集团青年英才科研项目(中核研发[2023]384号)
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    核工业北京化工冶金研究院, 北京 101149

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陈树森(1978—),男,博士,研究员级高级工程师,主要研究方向为有机高分子材料。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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