Article(id=1148109992638541909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109990923072455, articleNumber=1009-2617(2025)02-0171-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724601600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751660353097, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1745769600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751660353097, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751660353097, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751660353097, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148109990923072455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2025', volume='44', issue='2', pageStart='133', pageEnd='279', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751660352687, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758246043500, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1175732380301148501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109990923072455, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1175732380301148502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109990923072455, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=171, endPage=179, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1148109992823091299, articleId=1148109992638541909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Selective Enrichment of Phosphoric Acid by Ionic Liquid Loaded Resin, columnId=1152626641181700664, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Experiment Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A new ionic liquid loaded resin with high selectivity for phosphate ions was synthesized and used to enrich phosphoric acid in wet process phosphoric acid. The effects of phosphoric acid mass concentration, adsorption time and temperature on phosphoric acid adsorption were investigated. The results show that the adsorption capacity of phosphoric acid can be increased to 307 mg/g under optimized adsorption conditions. The resin can effectively avoid the influence of many cations in apatite leaching solution, significantly improve the purity of wet-process phosphoric acid, and has certain environmental protection and economic benefits.

, correspAuthors=Siyuan YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Rui HUANG, Xinyu ZHANG, Liuyi REN, Zhanhao WANG, Shenxu BAO, Siyuan YANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1148110001224282855, articleId=1148109992638541909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=CN, title=用离子液体负载树脂选择性富集磷酸, columnId=1152626641328501305, journalTitle=湿法冶金, columnName=试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=研究合成了一种对磷酸根离子具有高度选择性的新型离子液体负载树脂,并用于富集湿法磷酸中磷酸,考察了磷酸质量浓度、吸附时间、温度对磷酸根吸附量的影响。结果表明:在优化吸附条件下,磷酸根吸附量可提升至307 mg/g;该树脂能有效避免磷灰石浸出液中诸多阳离子的影响,显著提高湿法磷酸纯度,且具有一定的环保和经济效益。, correspAuthors=杨思原, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
杨思原(1990—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为矿物加工技术理论。E-mail:
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黄锐(2001—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为离子选择性分离及提取。

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黄锐(2001—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为离子选择性分离及提取。

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黄锐(2001—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为离子选择性分离及提取。

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109992638541909, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Analysis results of FT-IR, figureFileSmall=aItpJ2VDNNy1XqEEdsuFRA==, figureFileBig=mYhAFmGO1vl/yM00oALlvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175092956349481308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109992638541909, language=CN, label=图8, caption=FT-IR分析结果

a—氯甲基化聚苯乙烯树脂;b—GR;c—吸附磷酸根后GR。

, figureFileSmall=aItpJ2VDNNy1XqEEdsuFRA==, figureFileBig=mYhAFmGO1vl/yM00oALlvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175092956399812957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109992638541909, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=SEM-EDS analysis results of before and after GR adsorption of phosphate groups, figureFileSmall=QvmH4/xRjU4mba7zicw1jA==, figureFileBig=LBrvCpoOcySULtHm9JKNOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175092956462727518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109992638541909, language=CN, label=图9, caption=GR吸附磷酸根前、后的SEM-EDS分析结果

a1、b1、c—吸附前,SEM-EDS;a2、b2、d—吸附后,SEM-EDS;a1-P—吸附前,前表面的P元素分布;b1-P—吸附前,横切面的P元素分布;a2-P—吸附后,前表面的P元素分布;b2-P—吸附后,横切面的P元素分布。

, figureFileSmall=QvmH4/xRjU4mba7zicw1jA==, figureFileBig=LBrvCpoOcySULtHm9JKNOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175092956534030687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109992638541909, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Mechanism of adsorption of phosphate groups by GR, figureFileSmall=l5RyZ86WkGuzUwKhv7SqWg==, figureFileBig=bw/oJW7dIM/NjitpI5BFnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175092956596945248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109992638541909, language=CN, label=图10, caption=GR对磷酸根的吸附作用机制, figureFileSmall=l5RyZ86WkGuzUwKhv7SqWg==, figureFileBig=bw/oJW7dIM/NjitpI5BFnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175092956659859809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109992638541909, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Thermodynamic parameters of adsorption of phosphate groups by GR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ΔH/(kJ•mol-1) ΔS/(J•mol-1•K-1) Δg/(kJ•mol-1)
288 K 298 K 308 K 318 K 328 K 338 K
1.455 8 11.997 9 -1.999 6 -2.119 6 -2.239 5 -2.359 5 -2.479 5 -2.599 5
), ArticleFig(id=1175092956718580066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109992638541909, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

GR吸附磷酸根的热力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ΔH/(kJ•mol-1) ΔS/(J•mol-1•K-1) Δg/(kJ•mol-1)
288 K 298 K 308 K 318 K 328 K 338 K
1.455 8 11.997 9 -1.999 6 -2.119 6 -2.239 5 -2.359 5 -2.479 5 -2.599 5
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用离子液体负载树脂选择性富集磷酸
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黄锐 1, 2 , 张新宇 1, 2 , 任浏祎 1, 2 , 王占昊 1, 2 , 包申旭 1, 2, 3 , 杨思原 1, 2
湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025,44(2): 171-179
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湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025, 44(2): 171-179
用离子液体负载树脂选择性富集磷酸
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黄锐1, 2, 张新宇1, 2, 任浏祎1, 2, 王占昊1, 2, 包申旭1, 2, 3, 杨思原1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 武汉理工大学 关键非金属矿产资源绿色利用教育部重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430070
  • 2 武汉理工大学 资源与环境工程学院, 湖北 武汉 430070
  • 3 湖北三峡实验室, 湖北 宜昌 443007
  • 黄锐(2001—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为离子选择性分离及提取。

通讯作者:

杨思原(1990—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为矿物加工技术理论。E-mail:
Selective Enrichment of Phosphoric Acid by Ionic Liquid Loaded Resin
Rui HUANG1, 2, Xinyu ZHANG1, 2, Liuyi REN1, 2, Zhanhao WANG1, 2, Shenxu BAO1, 2, 3, Siyuan YANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education,Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 3 Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang 443007, China
出版时间: 2025-04-28 doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.005
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研究合成了一种对磷酸根离子具有高度选择性的新型离子液体负载树脂,并用于富集湿法磷酸中磷酸,考察了磷酸质量浓度、吸附时间、温度对磷酸根吸附量的影响。结果表明:在优化吸附条件下,磷酸根吸附量可提升至307 mg/g;该树脂能有效避免磷灰石浸出液中诸多阳离子的影响,显著提高湿法磷酸纯度,且具有一定的环保和经济效益。
湿法磷酸  /  离子液体  /  负载树脂  /  吸附  /  富集  /  提纯  /  除杂

A new ionic liquid loaded resin with high selectivity for phosphate ions was synthesized and used to enrich phosphoric acid in wet process phosphoric acid. The effects of phosphoric acid mass concentration, adsorption time and temperature on phosphoric acid adsorption were investigated. The results show that the adsorption capacity of phosphoric acid can be increased to 307 mg/g under optimized adsorption conditions. The resin can effectively avoid the influence of many cations in apatite leaching solution, significantly improve the purity of wet-process phosphoric acid, and has certain environmental protection and economic benefits.

wet-process phosphoric acid  /  ionic liquid  /  loaded resin  /  adsorption  /  enrichment  /  purification  /  impurity removal
黄锐, 张新宇, 任浏祎, 王占昊, 包申旭, 杨思原. 用离子液体负载树脂选择性富集磷酸. 湿法冶金, 2025 , 44 (2) : 171 -179 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.005
Rui HUANG, Xinyu ZHANG, Liuyi REN, Zhanhao WANG, Shenxu BAO, Siyuan YANG. Selective Enrichment of Phosphoric Acid by Ionic Liquid Loaded Resin[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2025 , 44 (2) : 171 -179 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.005
磷灰石作为自然界中主要的磷矿资源之一,已被列入国家战略性矿产资源目录,高效利用磷矿石对于保障国内外磷资源供应具有重要意义[1]。以磷灰石为原料制得的磷酸应用广泛,产品纯度决定了应用领域。低纯度磷酸广泛服务于基础工业、农业及食品加工等领域,而高纯度磷酸则被视为医药、微电子及新能源等高新技术行业的核心原料[2-3]。最新研究与统计数据显示,我国磷酸制品总产量呈现出持续增长的态势,但其中大部分应用于工业、农业等领域,附加值相对较低[4-5]。近年来,随着微电子、医药及新能源产业的迅速崛起,国内市场对精制磷酸的需求急剧攀升[6-8]。为适应发展未来新兴技术产业的发展,提高磷资源利用率,开发经济高效的磷酸净化技术尤为重要[9]
当前湿法磷酸净化除杂工艺主要可分为两类[10]:一类是除杂工艺,将湿法磷酸中杂质离子去除,将磷酸留在溶液中;另一类是提纯工艺,将磷酸从粗磷酸溶液中富集提取出来,将杂质离子留在溶液中。采用除杂工艺时,由于湿法磷酸中杂质成分复杂,难以全部兼顾,实际应用存在一定困难[11-13];提纯工艺主要包括萃取法、离子交换法和结晶法等。其中,萃取法因技术最为成熟,目前已在工业领域得到广泛应用[14-16]。但该法也存在一定局限:一是甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)与二丁醚等传统萃取剂对低浓度磷酸萃取率较低,磷酸的预浓缩步骤成为提升萃取率的必要前提,大大增加了生产能耗,且五氧化二磷的实际回收率仍局限于50%~60%之间,造成大量资源浪费[17];二是少量萃取剂溶于萃余液,使其黏稠甚至趋于乳化,高黏度介质的存在,无疑会导致传质与传热速率下降,并可能诱发设备内部结垢问题,严重干扰连续化生产的顺畅进行[18];三是湿法磷酸萃取工艺中常用萃取剂往往易燃易爆、挥发性强,还会发生设备腐蚀现象,存在安全隐患,也可能对环境造成严重污染[19-20]
近年来,树脂选择性吸附技术因具有高效、环保等特点,在磷资源回收领域受到广泛关注[21]。目前,关于树脂对磷酸根的吸附研究主要包括两个方面:一是利用表面改性、包覆型树脂吸附磷酸中的杂质离子以提高磷酸浓度,此法对Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe3+、Al3+、In3+等常见金属离子及稀土元素的去除效果显著,但现有树脂通常只对其中一种或几种离子具有较好的吸附性能,而对Na+、K+的去除仍是树脂吸附法面临的一大难题[22-24];二是利用树脂吸附法吸附磷酸根,之后再通过解吸获取精制磷酸,此法相较于传统液液萃取而言,更适用于低浓度体系,富集效果更好,可省去预先的浓缩过程,回收率更高,且对磷酸根选择性更好,能避免乳化现象发生,改善腐蚀与污染问题。用树脂选择性吸附磷酸根虽已逐渐成为解决精制磷酸萃取难题的潜在方法之一,但现有树脂对磷酸根的吸附量普遍不高,探索一种选择性好、吸附量大、循环性能优良的树脂迫在眉睫[25-27]
试验研究合成了一种新型的离子液体负载树脂并用于选择性吸附磷酸根,考察了磷酸质量浓度、吸附时间、吸附温度对提纯磷酸效果的影响,探讨了该树脂对磷酸根的吸附机制,以期为磷资源绿色高效的开发利用提供一种可选择的吸附材料。
采用甘氨酸与氯甲基化聚苯乙烯树脂,通过加成反应合成一种新型的离子液体负载树脂(GR),合成原理如图1所示。通过超纯水中溶解定量的分析级磷酸,制备不同浓度的磷酸溶液,用以测试GR对磷酸根的吸附性能。
磷酸,纯度99%,购于上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;甘氨酸分析纯,购于上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司。
在锥形烧瓶中,将16 mL配制好的磷酸溶液与0.5 g GR样品混合。混合物在恒温振荡箱中,在设定好的温度和时间下振荡,振荡频率为120 r/min。吸附完成后,过滤,取尾液通过ICP-MS测定其中剩余磷酸根浓度;树脂用超纯水冲洗3次后,放入真空干燥箱中,于60 ℃下干燥至恒重。GR对磷酸根的吸附量q由式(1)计算:
q=$\frac{({\rho }_{0}-{\rho }_{e})V}{m}$。
式中:ρ0ρe—溶液中磷酸初始质量浓度、平衡质量浓度,mg/L;V—料液体积,L;m—GR质量,g。
在室温(25 ℃)、吸附时间9 h条件下,磷酸质量浓度对GR吸附磷酸根的影响试验结果如图2所示。
图2可知,随磷酸质量浓度增大,GR吸附量呈上升趋势:磷酸质量浓度为0.02 g/L时,GR对磷酸根的吸附量最低,仅为17 mg/g;随磷酸质量浓度增加,吸附量逐渐升高,在磷酸根质量浓度增至2.5 g/L时,吸附量达263 mg/g;之后随磷酸根质量浓度继续升高,吸附量升高幅度减缓;磷酸质量浓度增至4.5 g/L时,吸附量达到峰值,为307 mg/g。这可能是由于GR的吸附作用主要依赖于其表面的活性位点与磷酸根离子之间的配合作用。在低浓度下,磷酸根离子数量有限,易被树脂上的活性位点捕捉,故吸附量较高;但随磷酸质量浓度增大,过多的磷酸根离子可能导致树脂表面的活性位点饱和,使后续的磷酸根离子难以有效吸附,从而使吸附量降低。综合考虑,选择磷酸质量浓度以4.5 g/L为宜。
在室温(25 ℃)、磷酸质量浓度为4.5 g/L条件下,吸附时间对GR吸附磷酸根的影响试验结果如图3所示。
图3可知,随吸附时间延长,GR吸附量呈上升趋势:吸附3 h时,GR对磷酸根的吸附量仅为237 mg/g;吸附8 h内,磷酸根吸附量仍较低,不足300 mg/g;随吸附继续进行,磷酸根吸附量逐渐升高,吸附9 h后,吸附量变化平缓,说明此时吸附达到饱和状态。吸附初始阶段,吸附速率较快,这是由于更多的空余活性位点与磷酸根进行反应;随吸附进行,树脂上的活性位点逐渐被占据,吸附速率降低,最终达到动态平衡状态,此时GR已经基本完成对磷酸根的吸附。考虑到经济效益、料液的流动性和吸附量等因素,选择最佳吸附时间为9 h。
在吸附时间9 h、磷酸质量浓度为4.5 g/L条件下,温度对GR磷酸根吸附量的影响试验结果如图4所示。可以看出,随吸附温度升高,磷酸吸附量呈上升趋势:在低温环境下,GR对磷酸的吸附量相对较低;而随温度升高,吸附量逐渐提高,总体在310 mg/L上下浮动;温度升至65 ℃时,吸附量达324 mg/g。这可能与吸附热力学性质相关:在低温下,吸附过程受到热能限制,吸附速率相对较慢;随温度升高,分子运动加快,有利于磷酸根与树脂表面接触,从而使吸附量增大。值得一提的是,温度为25 ℃时,GR对磷酸的吸附量已达307 mg/g,这与最大吸附量仅相差17 mg/g。考虑到经济效益、树脂高温易变性等因素,选择室温(25 ℃)为最佳吸附温度即可。
根据试验数据,通过线性拟合判定更符合GR对磷酸根吸附过程的等温吸附模型,并根据方程计算出相应的未知参数。Langmuir和Freundlich是2种常用的等温吸附模型[22],方程式如下:
$\frac{{\rho }_{e}}{{q}_{e}}$=$\frac{1}{{q}_{m}{k}_{L}}$+$\frac{{\rho }_{e}}{{q}_{m}}$;
lg qe=lg kF+$\frac{1}{n}$lg ρe
式中:qe—平衡吸附量,mg/g;ρe—溶液中磷酸根平衡质量浓度,mg/L;qm—最大吸附量,mg/g;kL—Langmuir吸附平衡常数,L/g;kF—Freundlich吸附等温常数,mg1-1/n·L1/n·g-1;n—Freundlich等温吸附模型吸附强度的相关系数。
GR吸附磷酸根的Langmuir、Freundlich吸附等温拟合曲线如图5所示。
图5看出:Freundlich等温吸附模型的拟合优度R2(0.998 6)大于Langmuir等温模型的拟合优度R2(0.990 7),更接近于1。说明GR对磷酸根的吸附过程更适合用Freundlich等温吸附模型来描述,即吸附位点以多分子层的形式分布[28]。根据Freundlich等温吸附模型的拟合结果可知,GR在水溶液中对磷酸根的吸附性能较好,且为多分子层吸附。
吸附动力学是探究固体吸附的常见方法[28],结合Freundlich等温模型,试验进一步利用伪一阶(式(4))和伪二阶(式(5))动力学模型对试验数据进行拟合,结果如图6所示。
lg(qe-qt)=lg qe-k1t;
$\frac{t}{{q}_{t}}$=$\frac{1}{{k}_{2}{q}_{e}^{2}}$+$\frac{t}{{q}_{e}}$。
式中:qe—平衡吸附量mg/g;qt—吸附t时间时吸附量,mg/g;k1—伪一阶动力学模型吸附常数,min-1;k2—伪二阶动力学模型吸附常数,g/(mg·min);t—吸附时间,min。
图6可知,GR吸附过程中伪二级动力学方程的拟合优度R2(0.999 2)远高于伪一级动力学方程的拟合优度R2(0.890 7)。伪二级动力学方程的理论吸附量为304.287 mg/g,与试验值(307 mg/g)接近。说明,伪二级动力学方程能较好地拟合GR的吸附过程,吸附过程主要是化学吸附。
利用热力学方程拟合GR对磷酸根的吸附过程,考察GR的吸附行为。吸附热力学模拟按照公式(6)~(8)拟合:
kc=$\frac{{q}_{e}}{{\rho }_{e}}$;
lnkc=-$\frac{\Delta H}{RT}$+$\frac{\Delta S}{R}$;
Δg=ΔH-TΔS
式中:kc—热力学平衡常数L/mg;T—热力学温度,K;R—理想气体常数,8.314 J/(mol·K);ΔH—焓变,kJ/mol;ΔS—熵变,J/(mol·K);Δg—吉布斯自由能变化,kJ/mol。
图7为ln kc-1/T关系曲线,热力学参数计算结果见表1。可以看出:ΔH和ΔS均为正值,说明该吸附过程为吸热反应,两相界面间无序度的升高证实这是一个熵增反应,说明温度升高有利于吸附;不同温度下的Δg为负值,表明反应可以自发进行[29]。此外,Δg随温度升高而减小,说明温度越高,吸附反应越易发生[30]
为了进一步验证GR对磷酸根的吸附机制,用FT-IR分别对氯甲基化聚苯乙烯树脂、GR及吸附磷酸根后GR结构进行分析,结果如图8所示。
图8看出:1 445 cm-1处的吸收峰为芳香烃骨架振动特征吸收峰,2 922和3 024 cm-1处的吸收峰为—CH2和苯环的C—H拉伸振动峰[31]。对比a、b谱线,可以看出:上谱线中419 cm-1处出现了新的特征吸收峰,为N—H的拉伸振动峰,表明甘氨酸与树脂发生反应,成功制得GR[32]。c谱线中,965和1 154 cm-1处的特征吸收峰分别是磷酸根中P—O的对称伸缩振动峰和P══O的拉伸振动峰,表明磷酸成功地与树脂表面活性位点发生配合反应[33]。此外,与a谱线相比,c谱线中位于3 236 cm-1的特征吸收峰明显偏移了56 cm-1,且该特征峰峰型明显变得更深更宽,推断是OH-和磷酸根之间形成分子间氢键[34-35]所致;与b谱线相比,N—H的拉伸振动峰发生明显偏移,由419 cm-1偏移至428 cm-1,这可能是磷酸根吸附的影响所致。
为了更直观地观察GR在制备、吸附过程中的元素分布变化,用SEM-EDS对吸附磷酸根前、后的GR球面及切面进行了分析。结果如图9所示。
图9(a1-P)、(a2-P)、(b1-P)(b2-P)可知,P元素的浓度低于SEM的检测阈值,这说明吸附前GR表面和内孔道不含P元素。由图9(a2-P)可知,P元素密集分布在GR表面,这说明GR对磷酸根具有良好的吸附效果。结合图9(b2-P)看出,P元素点主要分布在GR表面,而在GR横截面中的P元素点极少,这说明吸附磷酸根的基团主要分布在树脂表面。由图9(c)可知,在未吸附磷酸根之前,GR树脂表面不含磷。由图9(c)可知,磷质量百分比为7.69%,表明磷酸根已经和树脂表面的活性位点发生配合反应,进一步证明GR对磷酸根具有良好的吸附性能。对比图9(c)、(d)可知,吸附磷酸根后GR表面的氯质量百分比由0.11%降至0.09%,由此可知,GR表面少量的氯离子可能与溶液中的多种磷酸根发生了离子交换[36]
综合FT-IR和SEM分析结果,推测GR对磷酸根的吸附可能是以配合为主,并伴有离子交换协同作用,反应可自发进行,其作用机制如图10所示。
以甘氨酸与氯甲基化聚苯乙烯树脂为原料,研究通过加成反应合成了一种新型的离子液体负载树脂(GR),并用于吸附磷酸根,结论如下:
1)在室温(25 ℃)、吸附时间9 h优化条件下,当磷酸质量浓度4.5 mg/L时,GR对磷酸根吸附量达最大值,为307 mg/g,随磷酸质量浓度增大,吸附量增长趋缓,说明GR对磷酸根有一定的饱和吸附特性,相较于现有树脂,GR对磷酸根的吸附量更大。
2)GR对磷酸根的吸附是自发反应,磷酸根在GR表面多层吸附,主要为化学吸附过程,升高温度可提高吸附量。在常温下即可自发进行吸附反应,能大大减少能耗。
3)针对磷酸根浓度较低的溶液,GR表面活性位点与磷酸根离子的配合能力较强,吸附量较大。但随磷酸根浓度增大,GR表面活性位点趋于饱和,导致磷酸根吸附量增长趋缓,这可能由于随磷酸根浓度增大,树脂内部孔隙越发阻滞所致。GR对低浓度磷酸溶液具有较好的吸附能力,可有效提升磷酸根回收率,有望在磷酸提纯领域得到广泛应用。
4)GR吸附磷酸根前、后的FT-IR分析结果表明,GR与磷酸根间的化学吸附涉及氢键等多种机制;SEM-EDS分析结果可证实GR表面氯离子与磷酸根发生了微量离子交换,推测GR吸附磷酸根是配合反应及阴离子交换协同作用的结果。下一步还有必要加强对GR吸附磷酸作用机制的深入研究,以合成吸附量更大、选择性更好的树脂。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52374276)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0126800)
  • 湖北三峡实验室开放基金资助项目(SC240017)
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doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.005
  • 接收时间:2024-08-26
  • 首发时间:2025-07-05
  • 出版时间:2025-04-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-26
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52374276)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0126800)
湖北三峡实验室开放基金资助项目(SC240017)
作者信息
    1 武汉理工大学 关键非金属矿产资源绿色利用教育部重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430070
    2 武汉理工大学 资源与环境工程学院, 湖北 武汉 430070
    3 湖北三峡实验室, 湖北 宜昌 443007

通讯作者:

杨思原(1990—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为矿物加工技术理论。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Genus
种数
Number of
species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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