Article(id=1148109990398784401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109987349520431, articleNumber=1009-2617(2025)01-0052-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.01.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722873600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751660352563, onlineDateStr=2025-07-05, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751660352563, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751660352563, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751660352563, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148109987349520431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2025', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='131', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751660351836, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758246034872, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1175732344108499276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109987349520431, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1175732344108499277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1148109987349520431, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=52, endPage=58, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1148109990679802797, articleId=1148109990398784401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Separation and Recovery of Calcium and Silicon from Steel Slag by Acid-base Synergistic Separation Method, columnId=1152626641181700664, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Experiment Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The recovery of calcium and silicon from steel slag by acid-base synergistic separation method was studied. The effects of leaching agent concentration, temperature, leaching time and liquid volume to solid mass ratio on the leaching rate of calcium and silicon in steel slag were investigated. The leaching rules under different leaching conditions were investigated. The results show that the leaching concentration, time, and liquid volume to solid mass ratio significantly influence the leaching rate of calcium and silicon, and temperature has no significant effect. Under the conditions of hydrochloric acid concentration of 0.75 mol/L, leaching time of 30 min, temperature of 25 ℃, and liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 10∶1, the calcium leaching rate is 53.74%, and the resulting calcium oxalate purity can reach 98.94%. Under the conditions of sodium hydroxide concentration of 1.5 mol/L, temperature of 95 ℃, leaching time of 120 min, and liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 20∶1, the silicon dioxide leaching rate is 43.22%, and the purity of the resulting silicon dioxide can reach 80.85%. The method can effectively separate and recover calcium and silicon from steel slag, and realize resource utilization.

, correspAuthors=Ningning LYU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jiafeng WANG, Youdong FANG, Xiaoyuan JIANG, Longqi ZHU, Chang SU, Ningning LYU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1148110000100209294, articleId=1148109990398784401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=CN, title=酸碱协同从钢渣中分离回收钙硅试验研究, columnId=1152626641328501305, journalTitle=湿法冶金, columnName=试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=研究了采用酸碱协同分离法回收钢渣中的钙、硅元素,考察了浸出剂浓度、温度、浸出时间及液固体积质量比对钙、硅元素浸出率的影响,探究了其在不同浸出条件下的浸出规律。结果表明:浸出剂浓度、浸出时间、液固体积质量比对钙、硅元素浸出率有较大的影响,而温度对钙、硅元素的浸出率影响不明显;在盐酸浓度0.75 mol/L、浸出时间30 min、温度25 ℃及液固体积质量比10∶1条件下,钙浸出率为53.74%,所制得的草酸钙纯度可达98.94%;在氢氧化钠浓度1.5 mol/L、温度95 ℃、浸出时间120 min及液固体积质量比20∶1条件下,二氧化硅浸出率为43.22%,所制得二氧化硅纯度可达80.85%。该法能有效分离回收钢渣中钙、硅元素,实现资源化利用。, correspAuthors=吕宁宁, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
吕宁宁(1985—),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为冶金固废资源综合利用。E-mail:
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王家凤(1999—),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为冶金固废资源综合利用。

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王家凤(1999—),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为冶金固废资源综合利用。

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王家凤(1999—),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为冶金固废资源综合利用。

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Main chemical composition of steel slag %

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CaO Fe2O3 SiO2 MgO P2O5 Al2O3 MnO TiO2
46.72 26.43 13.28 4.01 2.76 2.20 2.13 1.34
), ArticleFig(id=1174444360713257038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1148109990398784401, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

钢渣的主要化学组成

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CaO Fe2O3 SiO2 MgO P2O5 Al2O3 MnO TiO2
46.72 26.43 13.28 4.01 2.76 2.20 2.13 1.34
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王家凤 , 方佑东 , 姜晓媛 , 朱隆琦 , 苏畅 , 吕宁宁
湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025,44(1): 52-58
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湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2025, 44(1): 52-58
酸碱协同从钢渣中分离回收钙硅试验研究
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王家凤, 方佑东, 姜晓媛, 朱隆琦, 苏畅, 吕宁宁
作者信息
  • 安徽工业大学 冶金工程学院, 安徽 马鞍山 243032
  • 王家凤(1999—),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为冶金固废资源综合利用。

通讯作者:

吕宁宁(1985—),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为冶金固废资源综合利用。E-mail:
Separation and Recovery of Calcium and Silicon from Steel Slag by Acid-base Synergistic Separation Method
Jiafeng WANG, Youdong FANG, Xiaoyuan JIANG, Longqi ZHU, Chang SU, Ningning LYU
Affiliations
  • School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.01.008
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研究了采用酸碱协同分离法回收钢渣中的钙、硅元素,考察了浸出剂浓度、温度、浸出时间及液固体积质量比对钙、硅元素浸出率的影响,探究了其在不同浸出条件下的浸出规律。结果表明:浸出剂浓度、浸出时间、液固体积质量比对钙、硅元素浸出率有较大的影响,而温度对钙、硅元素的浸出率影响不明显;在盐酸浓度0.75 mol/L、浸出时间30 min、温度25 ℃及液固体积质量比10∶1条件下,钙浸出率为53.74%,所制得的草酸钙纯度可达98.94%;在氢氧化钠浓度1.5 mol/L、温度95 ℃、浸出时间120 min及液固体积质量比20∶1条件下,二氧化硅浸出率为43.22%,所制得二氧化硅纯度可达80.85%。该法能有效分离回收钢渣中钙、硅元素,实现资源化利用。
钢渣  /  有价元素  /  酸碱协同  /  浸出  /  钙  /  硅  /  分离  /  回收

The recovery of calcium and silicon from steel slag by acid-base synergistic separation method was studied. The effects of leaching agent concentration, temperature, leaching time and liquid volume to solid mass ratio on the leaching rate of calcium and silicon in steel slag were investigated. The leaching rules under different leaching conditions were investigated. The results show that the leaching concentration, time, and liquid volume to solid mass ratio significantly influence the leaching rate of calcium and silicon, and temperature has no significant effect. Under the conditions of hydrochloric acid concentration of 0.75 mol/L, leaching time of 30 min, temperature of 25 ℃, and liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 10∶1, the calcium leaching rate is 53.74%, and the resulting calcium oxalate purity can reach 98.94%. Under the conditions of sodium hydroxide concentration of 1.5 mol/L, temperature of 95 ℃, leaching time of 120 min, and liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 20∶1, the silicon dioxide leaching rate is 43.22%, and the purity of the resulting silicon dioxide can reach 80.85%. The method can effectively separate and recover calcium and silicon from steel slag, and realize resource utilization.

steel slag  /  valuable element  /  acid-base synergy  /  leaching  /  calcium  /  silicon  /  separation  /  recovery
王家凤, 方佑东, 姜晓媛, 朱隆琦, 苏畅, 吕宁宁. 酸碱协同从钢渣中分离回收钙硅试验研究. 湿法冶金, 2025 , 44 (1) : 52 -58 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.01.008
Jiafeng WANG, Youdong FANG, Xiaoyuan JIANG, Longqi ZHU, Chang SU, Ningning LYU. Separation and Recovery of Calcium and Silicon from Steel Slag by Acid-base Synergistic Separation Method[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2025 , 44 (1) : 52 -58 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.01.008
钢渣是炼钢时产生的一种副产物,通常占粗钢产量的15%左右[1]。2023年我国粗钢产量超过10亿t,钢渣排放量达1亿t以上,但其利用率却低于30%[2-3]。近年来钢渣的资源化利用方式主要有筑路地基、生产水泥和钢渣砖,但2023年发布的《通用硅酸盐水泥》(GB 175—2023)表明,钢渣不能作为混合材料用于通用硅酸盐水泥的生产[4],这使得传统的钢渣资源化利用方式受到了限制,因此亟需新的应对之策。
钢渣作为大宗固体废弃物,富含CaO、SiO2和Fe2O3等氧化物,其中CaO质量分数为20%~55%,SiO2质量分数为10%~24%[5]。钢渣中的钙、铁、硅等元素通过选择性浸出和沉淀回收为增值产品是一种提高资源利用率的潜在方法。湿法提取工艺由于具有能耗低和浸出率高等优点被广泛采用[6],一般可用无机酸、有机酸、铵盐等作为浸出剂选择性浸出钢渣中的钙、铁元素,富含钙离子的浸出液被用来固定二氧化碳,铁元素则留在浸出残渣中返回冶金再利用[7-11]。但目前有关提取钢渣中硅元素研究报道较少[12-13],因为钢渣酸浸过程中,硅酸盐相会发生溶解导致钙硅分离,在此过程中,部分硅元素会附着在钢渣表面形成钝化层[14],影响硅回收。有研究表明,硅元素和酸浸残渣可通过碱性溶液进行有效分离回收,进而实现钢渣的高值化利用。因此,试验研究了采用酸碱协同法分离提取钢渣中的钙、硅元素,考察了浸出剂浓度、浸出时间、液固体积质量比及温度对钙、硅浸出率的影响,确定了钙、硅元素浸出的最佳反应条件,并利用草酸对浸出后的钙元素进行回收。
试验原料来自某钢厂的转炉钢渣,其主要化学组成见表1
试剂:盐酸、氢氧化钠、草酸、过氧化氢(30%),均为分析纯;水为去离子水。
仪器:FA2004N型电子天平,HJ-4S型四联电动搅拌水浴锅,SHZ-D(Ⅲ)型台式循环水多用真空泵,D8ADVANCE型X-射线衍射仪,CAAM-2001型原子吸收光谱仪,JSM-6490LV型扫描电子显微镜,ARLAdvant’X Intellipower 3600型扫描X-射线荧光光谱仪。
钙的分离:钢渣中的主要物质是硅酸钙,加入盐酸可溶解硅酸钙,使大量钙离子进入溶液中;再通过加入草酸,反应得到草酸钙沉淀,使钙得到分离回收。
铁的分离:向盐酸浸出液中加入H2O2可使溶液中的Fe2+转化为Fe3+,防止加入草酸沉淀钙时生成草酸亚铁沉淀[15],避免钙、铁分离困难。
硅的分离:盐酸浸出渣中的SiO2可通过加入氢氧化钠使其转化为Si${O}_{3}^{2-}$,再用酸调节pH,使SiO2絮凝沉淀。
发生的主要化学反应[16-17]如下:
Ca2SiO4+4H+═══════2Ca2++SiO2+2H2O;
H2O2+2Fe2++2H+═══════2Fe3++2H2O;
Ca2++H2C2O4═══════CaC2O4↓+2H+;
SiO2+2OH-═══════$Si{O}_{3}^{2-}$+H2O;
Si${O}_{3}^{2-}$+2H+═══════SiO2↓+H2O。
取一定粒径的钢渣5 g,放入盛有100 mL盐酸溶液的烧杯中,搅拌反应一定时间后过滤分离,得到初次浸出渣和初次浸出液。之后取5 mL初次浸出液,用原子吸收光谱仪(AAS)测定其中钙元素浓度,计算钙浸出率。再向初次浸出液中加入适量过氧化氢溶液和草酸,静置陈化一定时间后过滤得滤液和滤渣,将滤渣洗涤干燥后得到草酸钙沉淀[18]。钢渣中元素浸出率根据式(6)计算:
ηB=$\frac{{\rho }_{B}V}{m{w}_{B}}$×100%。
式中:ηB—钢渣中元素浸出率,%;V—浸出液体积,mL;ρB—滤液中元素质量浓度,mg/L;m—钢渣质量,g;wB—钢渣中元素质量分数,%。
将初次浸出渣加入到盛有氢氧化钠溶液的烧杯中,搅拌反应一定时间后过滤分离,得二次浸出液和二次浸出渣。用稀盐酸溶液调节二次浸出液pH至7左右,使二氧化硅絮凝沉淀,过滤洗涤分离后将絮凝物干燥12 h,得干凝胶。钢渣中二氧化硅浸出率根据式(7)计算:
r=$\frac{{m}_{1}{w}_{1}}{{m}_{2}}$×100%。
式中:r—二氧化硅浸出率,%;m1—干凝胶质量,g;w1—干凝胶中二氧化硅质量分数,%;m2—酸浸渣中二氧化硅质量,g。
当温度为25 ℃、浸出时间为120 min、液固体积质量比为20∶1时,钢渣中钙元素在不同浓度盐酸溶液中的浸出率如图1所示。可知:当盐酸浓度由0 mol/L增至1.25 mol/L时,钙浸出率由12.21%升至90.6%;继续增大盐酸浓度,钙浸出率逐渐趋于动态平衡;铁浸出率随盐酸浓度增大缓慢升高,在盐酸浓度增至1 mol/L时,升高幅度较大,此时可能影响草酸钙回收纯度,因此,选择盐酸浓度为0.75 mol/L。
当盐酸浓度为0.75 mol/L、液固体积质量比为20∶1、浸出时间为120 min时,钢渣中钙元素在不同温度时的浸出率如图2所示。
图2可知,随温度升高,钙浸出率变化不明显著。为了降低能耗,选择温度为25 ℃。
当盐酸浓度为0.75 mol/L、浸出时间为120 min、温度为25 ℃时,钢渣中钙元素在不同液固体积质量比下的浸出率如图3所示。可知,改变液固体积质量比对钙元素浸出率的影响不大。考虑到溶液体积过大不利于钙元素回收纯度和后续酸性废液的处理,因此,选择液固体积质量比为10∶1。
当温度为25 ℃、盐酸浓度为0.75 mol/L、液固体积质量比为10∶1时,钢渣中钙元素在不同浸出时间下的浸出率如图4所示。可知,随浸出时间延长,钙浸出率逐渐升高而后趋于平衡;当浸出时间为30 min时,钙浸出率达53.74%,继续延长浸出时间,钙的浸出率变化不大。
在盐酸浓度为0.75 mol/L、浸出时间为30 min、温度为25 ℃、液固体积质量比为10∶1条件下所得草酸钙晶体的SEM照片如图5所示,XRD分析结果如图6所示。
图5看出:草酸钙晶体产物主要呈单晶系的菱形结构特征,晶体颗粒较大,粒径约10 μm,晶面发育良好;由图6看出:晶体的物相为CaC2O4,未检测到其他物相,说明所得晶体为草酸钙。
在盐酸浓度为0.75 mol/L、浸出时间为30 min、温度为25 ℃、液固体积质量比为10∶1最佳条件下浸出钢渣得初次浸出渣,加入氢氧化钠溶液浸出硅,考察各因素对二氧化硅浸出率的影响。
当液固体积质量比为20∶1、温度为85 ℃、浸出时间为120 min时,氢氧化钠浓度对二氧化硅浸出率的影响结果如图7所示。可知:随氢氧化钠浓度增大,二氧化硅浸出率呈先升高后降低趋势。这是因为当氢氧化钠浓度由0 mol/L增至1.5 mol/L时,溶液反应体系内分子扩散得以改善,颗粒表面化学反应速度加快,使化学平衡向生成硅酸钠方向进行,二氧化硅浸出率提高[18];继续增大氢氧化钠浓度,副反应增多,溶液黏度增大,扩散速度变慢,导致二氧化硅浸出率降低。因此,选择氢氧化钠浓度为1.5 mol/L较为合适。
当液固体积质量比为20∶1、氢氧化钠浓度为1.5 mol/L、浸出时间为120 min时,温度对二氧化硅浸出率的影响结果如图8所示。
图8可知,当温度由75 ℃升至95 ℃时,二氧化硅浸出率明显升高,这是因为高温会加快反应的分子运动,强化液固传质,提高反应速率;但当温度升至115 ℃后,二氧化硅浸出率下降,这是因为温度过高会导致水分蒸发速度过快,使溶液流动性变差,影响分子扩散,不利于硅浸出。为了确保硅浸出效果,同时避免能耗过高,选择温度为95 ℃。
当液固体积质量比为20∶1、氢氧化钠浓度为1.5 mol/L、温度为95 ℃时,浸出时间对二氧化硅浸出率的影响结果如图9所示。
图9可知,二氧化硅浸出率随浸出时间延长呈先升高后降低的趋势:当浸出时间由60 min延长至120 min时,二氧化硅浸出率不断升高;继续延长浸出时间,氢氧化钠和溶液中的铝反应生成偏铝酸钠,偏铝酸钠和硅酸钠反应生成钠硅渣沉淀,导致二氧化硅浸出率降低[19]。因此,选择浸出时间为120 min。
当氢氧化钠浓度为1.5 mol/L,温度为95 ℃,浸出时间为120 min时,液固体积质量比对二氧化硅浸出率的影响结果如图10所示,
图10可知,当液固体积质量比由5∶1增至20∶1时,二氧化硅浸出率逐渐升高;但继续增大液固体积质量比,二氧化硅浸出率变化不明显。因此,选择液固体积质量比为20∶1。
在氢氧化钠浓度为1.5 mol/L、温度为95 ℃、浸出时间为120 min及液固体积质量比为20∶1最佳条件下所得二次浸出渣与浸出前钢渣的XRD对比分析。结果如图11所示。可知:原钢渣中主要含有硅酸钙(Ca2SiO4)固溶体、Fe2O3和钙铁相(Ca2Fe2O5),其中钙、硅元素主要存在于Ca2SiO4中;经酸碱协同浸出所得二次浸出渣中,Ca2SiO4对应的衍射峰较浸出前减少,说明在酸浸过程中大部分钙元素被浸出,但为保证草酸钙回收纯度,采用低浓度酸以减少铁元素浸出致使Ca2SiO4部分未溶解;二次浸出渣中Fe2O3和钙铁相对应的衍射峰消失,而出现了Fe3Al2(SiO4)3、Fe(OH)3、Al12NaO4SiO对应的衍射峰,说明在碱浸过程中铁元素和氢氧化钠反应生成了Fe(OH)3沉淀,同时,由于酸浸渣中少量的活性铝组分易溶解于碱溶液形成了铝酸钠,且铝酸钠会进一步和硅酸钠溶液发生副反应生成水合硅酸铝钠沉淀,使部分液相硅重回固相,从而也导致二氧化硅浸出率降低[20]
将氢氧化钠浓度为1.5 mol/L、温度为95 ℃、浸出时间为120 min及液固体积质量比为20∶1条件下所得二次浸出液用稀盐酸溶液调节pH至7左右,使二氧化硅絮凝沉淀,过滤洗涤分离后将絮凝物干燥12 h得二氧化硅粉末,对其进行XRD分析,结果如图12所示。可以看出:在2θ=25°左右出现了1个大的驼峰,没有明显的晶体衍射峰,说明该粉末为无定形结构的二氧化硅。SEM分析结果如图13所示。可以看出,其微观结构近似球体,颗粒大小均匀,团聚较少。
通过酸碱协同法选择性浸出和化学沉淀钢渣,其中大部分钙硅能以草酸钙和二氧化硅的形式被回收,从而实现钢渣的资源化利用。在盐酸浓度0.75 mol/L、浸出时间30 min、温度25 ℃、液固体积质量比10∶1适宜条件下,钙浸出率为53.74%,草酸钙的回收纯度可达98.94%;在氢氧化钠浓度1.5 mol/L、温度95 ℃、浸出时间120 min及液固体积质量比20∶1适宜条件下,二氧化硅浸出率为43.22%,纯度可达80.85%。
盐酸浓度对钙、硅元素的浸出率有显著影响,为提高草酸钙纯度,可采用低浓度酸以减少铁的浸出;部分未溶解硅酸盐会降低二氧化硅浸出率,可优化酸性提取条件以提高钙硅元素浸出率。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52074004)
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2025年第44卷第1期
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doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.01.008
  • 接收时间:2024-08-06
  • 首发时间:2025-07-05
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-06
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(52074004)
作者信息
    安徽工业大学 冶金工程学院, 安徽 马鞍山 243032

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吕宁宁(1985—),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为冶金固废资源综合利用。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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