Article(id=1172618993841095502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172618990200434867, articleNumber=1009-2617(2024)04-0425-06, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.04.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712505600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1757503754339, onlineDateStr=2025-09-10, pubDate=1724083200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1757503754339, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1757503754339, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757503754339, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1172618990200434867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2024', volume='43', issue='4', pageStart='345', pageEnd='471', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1757503753469, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758502232130, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1176806913292513711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172618990200434867, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1176806913296708016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172618990200434867, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=425, endPage=430, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1172618994260525909, articleId=1172618993841095502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Separation of Nickel and Cobalt from Nickel Chloride Solution by P204+N235 Combined Extraction Process, columnId=1152626641181700664, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Experiment Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Combined extraction of nickel and cobalt from nickel chloride solution using di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphonic acid (P204) and triisooctylamine (N235) as extractants was studied. The effects of organic phase P204 volume fraction, phase ratio, solution pH, saponification rate, organic phase N235 volume fraction, Cl- mass concentration, and reaction temperature on the purification and impurity removal of nickel chloride solution were investigated. The results show that after removing impurities by P204 extraction, N235 is used to extract cobalt and molybdenum from P204 raffinate, the mass concentrations of Ni2+ is 218.10 g/L, and the mass concentrations of Cu2+, Fe3+, Co2+, and Zn2+ in the residual solution 1.1, 1.2, 1.0 and 0.1 mg/L, respectively, under the conditions of 20% volume fraction of P204 in the organic phase of the P204 extraction and impurity removal process, VO/VA=1. 5/1, raw material solution pH=3.5, saponification rate of 50%, reaction temperature of 40~50 ℃, and N235 volume fraction of 16% in the organic phase of the N235 extraction process, VO/VA =1.2/1, Cl- mass concentration≥280 g/L, reaction temperature of 40~50 ℃, P204 Raffinate pH=3.0, and hydrochloric acid acidification concentration of 3 mol/L, which can meet the requirements of producing high quality electrodeposited nickel cathodes.

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房春娟(1991—),女,硕士,二级工程师,主要研究方向为检化验分析。E-mail:
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吉永亮(1993—),男,硕士,二级工程师,主要研究方向为湿法冶金。

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吉永亮(1993—),男,硕士,二级工程师,主要研究方向为湿法冶金。

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吉永亮(1993—),男,硕士,二级工程师,主要研究方向为湿法冶金。

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Ni2+ Cu2+ Fe3+ Co2+ Zn2+ As+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Mn2+ Cl-
227.19 0.071 0.002 6 2.24 0.004 6 0.000 17 0.62 0.34 0.11 354.16
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料液的主要化学组成 g/L

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Ni2+ Cu2+ Fe3+ Co2+ Zn2+ As+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Mn2+ Cl-
227.19 0.071 0.002 6 2.24 0.004 6 0.000 17 0.62 0.34 0.11 354.16
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Ni2+ Cu2+ Fe3+ Co2+ Zn2+ As+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Mn2+ Cl-
222.35 0.002 2 0.001 1 2.04 0.000 2 0.000 12 0.002 0.001 2 0.002 1 312.25
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P204萃余液的主要化学成分 g/L

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Ni2+ Cu2+ Fe3+ Co2+ Zn2+ As+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Mn2+ Cl-
222.35 0.002 2 0.001 1 2.04 0.000 2 0.000 12 0.002 0.001 2 0.002 1 312.25
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Ni2+ Cu2+ Fe3+ Co2+ Zn2+ As+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Mn2+ Cl-
218.10 0.001 1 0.001 2 0.001 0.000 1 0.000 1 0.001 8 0.001 1 0.001 1 289.56
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P204+N235联合萃取工艺所得萃余液的主要化学成分 g/L

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Ni2+ Cu2+ Fe3+ Co2+ Zn2+ As+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Mn2+ Cl-
218.10 0.001 1 0.001 2 0.001 0.000 1 0.000 1 0.001 8 0.001 1 0.001 1 289.56
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用P204+N235联合萃取分离氯化镍溶液中的镍钴
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吉永亮 , 陈胜利 , 李瑞基 , 李改变 , 卢建波 , 房春娟 , 梁鹏飞 , 王世荣
湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2024,43(4): 425-430
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湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2024, 43(4): 425-430
用P204+N235联合萃取分离氯化镍溶液中的镍钴
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吉永亮, 陈胜利, 李瑞基, 李改变, 卢建波, 房春娟 , 梁鹏飞, 王世荣
作者信息
  • 金川集团股份有限公司, 甘肃 金昌 737100
  • 吉永亮(1993—),男,硕士,二级工程师,主要研究方向为湿法冶金。

通讯作者:

房春娟(1991—),女,硕士,二级工程师,主要研究方向为检化验分析。E-mail:
Separation of Nickel and Cobalt from Nickel Chloride Solution by P204+N235 Combined Extraction Process
Yongliang JI, Shengli CHEN, Ruiji LI, Gaibian LI, Jianbo LU, Chunjuan FANG , Pengfei LIANG, Shirong WANG
Affiliations
  • Jinchuan Group Co., Ltd., Jinchang 737100, China
出版时间: 2024-08-20 doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.04.011
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研究了以二(2-乙基己基)膦酸(P204)和三异辛胺(N235)为萃取剂联合萃取氯化镍溶液中的镍、钴,考察了有机相P204体积分数、相比、料液pH、皂化率、N235体积分数、Cl-质量浓度、反应温度对氯化镍溶液净化除杂的影响。结果表明:用P204萃取除杂后再用N235从P204萃余液中萃取分离钴钼,在P204体积分数20%、相比VO/VA=1.5/1、料液pH=3.5、皂化率50%、反应温度40~50 ℃,以及N235体积分数16%、相比VO/VA=1.2/1、反应温度40~50 ℃、P204萃余液pH=3.0、Cl-质量浓度≥280 g/L及盐酸酸化浓度3 mol/L条件下,萃余液中Ni2+质量浓度为218.10 g/L,Cu2+、Fe3+、Co2+和Zn2+质量浓度分别为1.1、1.2、1.0和0.1 mg/L,能满足生产高品质电积镍的阴极液要求。
镍  /  P204  /  N235  /  氯化体系  /  联合萃取  /  净化  /  除杂

Combined extraction of nickel and cobalt from nickel chloride solution using di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphonic acid (P204) and triisooctylamine (N235) as extractants was studied. The effects of organic phase P204 volume fraction, phase ratio, solution pH, saponification rate, organic phase N235 volume fraction, Cl- mass concentration, and reaction temperature on the purification and impurity removal of nickel chloride solution were investigated. The results show that after removing impurities by P204 extraction, N235 is used to extract cobalt and molybdenum from P204 raffinate, the mass concentrations of Ni2+ is 218.10 g/L, and the mass concentrations of Cu2+, Fe3+, Co2+, and Zn2+ in the residual solution 1.1, 1.2, 1.0 and 0.1 mg/L, respectively, under the conditions of 20% volume fraction of P204 in the organic phase of the P204 extraction and impurity removal process, VO/VA=1. 5/1, raw material solution pH=3.5, saponification rate of 50%, reaction temperature of 40~50 ℃, and N235 volume fraction of 16% in the organic phase of the N235 extraction process, VO/VA =1.2/1, Cl- mass concentration≥280 g/L, reaction temperature of 40~50 ℃, P204 Raffinate pH=3.0, and hydrochloric acid acidification concentration of 3 mol/L, which can meet the requirements of producing high quality electrodeposited nickel cathodes.

nickel  /  P204  /  N235  /  chlorination system  /  joint extraction  /  purification  /  impurity removal
吉永亮, 陈胜利, 李瑞基, 李改变, 卢建波, 房春娟, 梁鹏飞, 王世荣. 用P204+N235联合萃取分离氯化镍溶液中的镍钴. 湿法冶金, 2024 , 43 (4) : 425 -430 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.04.011
Yongliang JI, Shengli CHEN, Ruiji LI, Gaibian LI, Jianbo LU, Chunjuan FANG, Pengfei LIANG, Shirong WANG. Separation of Nickel and Cobalt from Nickel Chloride Solution by P204+N235 Combined Extraction Process[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2024 , 43 (4) : 425 -430 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.04.011
目前,在镍钴湿法冶金行业中,电镍的生产方法主要有传统可溶阳极电解工艺和不溶阳极电积工艺。其中,电积工艺主要在硫酸体系和氯化体系中进行。氯化体系电积镍工艺因具有工艺流程短、产品质量高、生产运行成本低等优势而受到越来越多关注[1]。电积镍生产过程中的溶液净化工序至关重要,主要方法包括溶剂萃取法、化学沉淀法、离子交换法、吸附法和浮选法等。其中,溶剂萃取法因具有深度净化效果好、工艺流程简单、回收率高及自动化装备水平高等优点,已在镍钴分离中得到广泛应用[2]
Cu2+、Fe3+、Co2+和Zn2+等金属离子在氯化体系中通常以络阴离子[MeCl4]n-形式存在,因此,国内外一些企业对N235萃取剂分离镍钴开展了研究和生产实践[3]。如挪威[4]、日本[5]某工厂因原料中Ca2+、Mg2+、Zn2+等杂质离子浓度较低,采用N235进行镍钴分离生产高品质电积镍;我国成都电冶厂和重庆冶炼厂以废旧电池为原料,同样采用N235萃取剂进行镍钴分离。目前,将N235用作萃取剂虽在实际生产及试验中取得了一定研究成果[6],但针对Ca2+、Mg2+、Zn2+等杂质离子浓度较高的高杂镍精矿,单一的N235萃取剂在萃取过程中易发生“锌中毒”而破坏其萃取性能[7],同时Ca2+、Mg2+不断富集还易造成管道、阀门及设备故障。因此,试验以高杂镍精矿为原料,经氯气浸出、除铜、除铁工艺处理后,研究了通过P204+N235联合萃取工艺生产高品质电积镍,避免单一N235萃取剂的局限性,进一步提高产品质量,降低生产运行成本。
原料:取自某冶炼厂,镍精矿氯气浸出液经沉铜后所得除铜后液,主要化学组成见表1
试剂:萃取剂P204和稀释剂轻质白油料,由郑州德源精细化学品有限公司提供;99%N235萃取剂,由上海莱雅仕化工有限公司提供;31%工业盐酸、32%氢氧化钠,由金川公司化工新材料氯碱事业部提供。
仪器:CWL50-M小型混合澄清萃取箱,郑州天一萃取科技有限公司;HD06-DB-3EFS型电热板,北京中西华大科技有限公司;Phs-3C型pH计,上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司;BT600-2J/YZ1515型蠕动泵,兰格恒流泵有限公司;ICP-7400型电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪,美国热电公司。
高杂镍精矿经氯气浸出后进行除铁,除铁后液先用P204萃取除杂,萃余液再用N235萃取分离镍钴[6,8]
P204萃取除杂机制:
R—OH+NaOH═══════R—ONa+H2O;
2R—ONa+Me2+═══════(R—O)2Me+2Na+
式中,Me为金属离子,包括Cu2+、Fe3+、Co2+、Zn2+、Ca2+、Mg2+和Mn2+等。
N235萃取机制:
Me+4nCl-═══════[MeCl4]n-;
R3N+HCl═══════R3NHCl;
nR3NHCl+[MeCl4]n-═══════(R3NH)nMeCl4+nCl-
式中,Me为金属离子,包括Cu2+、Fe3+、Co2+和Zn2+等。
1)P204萃取除杂。在有机相组成20%P204+80%稀释剂、相比VO/VA=1.5/1、皂化率50%、料液pH=3.5、反应温度40~45 ℃条件下,用P204萃取去除试验原料中的杂质。反萃取段洗镍钴酸并入萃余液,洗铁酸按废液处理。分析P204萃余液、P204负载有机相、洗镍钴酸和洗铁酸中金属离子浓度。
2)N235镍钴分离。在有机相组成16%N235+14%异辛醇+70%稀释剂、相比VO/VA=1.2/1、料液中[Cl-]≥280 g/L、反应温度40~45 ℃条件下,用N235萃取分离P204萃余液中的镍钴。反萃取段洗镍酸外排(实际生产中返回浸出系统),洗钴段氯化钴溶液外排(实际生产中送钴系统),洗杂段溶液按废水处理。测定N235萃余液、N235负载有机相、洗镍酸、洗钴酸和洗铁酸中金属离子浓度,计算萃取率(η)。计算公式为:
η=$\frac{{\rho }_{0}-{\rho }_{1}}{{\rho }_{0}}\times 100\%$。
式中:ρ0—金属离子初始质量浓度,mg/L;ρ1—萃余液中金属离子质量浓度,mg/L。
相比VO/VA=1.5/1,皂化率50%,料液pH=3.5,反应温度40~50 ℃,有机相中P204体积分数对萃取除杂的影响试验结果如图1所示。
图1看出,P204对溶液中杂质金属离子Cu2+、Fe3+、Zn2+、Ca2+、Mg2+和Mn2+具有选择性萃取性能,随有机相中P204体积分数增大,杂质金属离子萃取率也随之升高,P204体积分数为20%时,杂质金属离子萃取率基本达最大,均大于96%,而此时Ni2+和Co2+萃取率分别为6.44%和9.82%;随P204体积分数继续增大,杂质金属离子萃取率基本保持不变或略有降低。考虑到P204体积分数过大会造成萃取剂消耗增加,生产成本升高,镍钴损失增加,因此,选择有机相中最佳P204体积分数为20%。
有机相中P204体积分数20%,皂化率50%,料液pH=3.5,反应温度40~50 ℃,相比VO/VA对P204萃取除杂的影响试验结果如图2所示。可以看出,随VO/VA增大,P204对溶液中Cu2+、Fe3+、Zn2+、Ca2+、Mg2+和Mn2+杂质金属离子萃取率也随之升高,VO/VA增至1.5/1时,P204对杂质金属离子萃取率均大于96%,此时,Ni2+、Co2+萃取率分别为5.08%和5.80%;继续增大VO/VA,杂质金属离子萃取率基本保持不变,表明杂质金属离子几乎全部被P204萃取。因此,选择最佳相比为VO/VA=1.5/1。
有机相中P204体积分数20%,相比VO/VA=1.5/1,料液pH=3.5,反应温度40~50 ℃,皂化率对P204萃取除杂的影响试验结果如图3所示。
图3看出:随皂化率升高,P204对溶液中Cu2+、Fe3+、Zn2+、Ca2+、Mg2+和Mn2+杂质金属离子萃取率升高,在皂化率升至50%时,基本达最大;继续升高皂化率,杂质金属离子萃取率基本保持不变。P204萃取反应原理是羟基上的氢与溶液中金属阳离子之间进行交换。但未进行皂化或者皂化率较低的P204与杂质金属离子反应会释放出大量H+,从而抑制萃取反应正向进行,造成杂质萃取率较低。而P204充分皂化后不仅能增加萃取剂活性,还可在反应过程中维持pH稳定[9];但皂化率过高,不利于两相分离,同时会导致有机相黏性增加,造成水相夹带有机相升高,增加有机相损耗,使生产成本增大。因此,选择最佳P204皂化率为50%。
料液pH对P204萃取能力影响较大,所以控制适当pH条件对杂质萃取率有显著的影响[10]。有机相中P204体积分数20%,相比VO/VA=1.5/1,皂化率50%,反应温度40~50 ℃,料液pH对P204萃取除杂的影响试验结果如图4所示。
图4看出:随料液pH升高,P204对溶液中Cu2+、Fe3+、Zn2+、Ca2+、Mg2+和Mn2+杂质金属离子萃取率随之升高,在pH=3.5时,杂质金属离子萃取率均大于96.5%。这主要归因于P204为磷酸类萃取剂,随pH降低,P204与杂质金属离子的反应会受到抑制[11]。pH=3.5时,Co2+萃取率为10.27%,Ni2+萃取率为3.25%;pH继续升高,Ni2+萃取率变化不大,但Co2+萃取率显著上升,而杂质金属离子萃取率变化不大。为避免造成有价金属钴的损失,选择最佳料液pH=3.5。
N235在氯化盐体系中对镍钴的萃取分离效果较好,同时还能进一步萃取Cu2+和Fe3+等杂质离子。试验采用N235萃取剂对P204萃余液进行镍钴的萃取分离,同时对杂质金属离子进一步净化除杂,并考察N235体积分数、相比VO/VA、P204萃余液pH、Cl-质量浓度、盐酸酸化浓度对N235萃取分离镍钴的影响。P204萃余液的主要化学成分见表2
萃取相比VO/VA=1.2/1,反应温度40~50 ℃,P204萃余液pH≤3.0,Cl-质量浓度≥280 g/L,盐酸酸化浓度3 mol/L,有机相中N235体积分数对N235萃取分离镍钴的影响试验结果如图5所示。
图5看出:随有机相中N235体积分数增大,Co2+萃取率相较其他金属离子明显升高;N235体积分数增至16%时,Co2+萃取率可达99.95%,而Ni2+萃取率仅为4.73%,此时二者可实现有效分离,待后续分离去除Cu2+和Fe3+后,能使氯化镍质量浓度进一步提高;随N235体积分数继续增大,Co2+萃取率基本保持不变,表明N235体积分数为16%时,拥有足够的活性位点与[CoCl4]n-配位结合,达到分离溶液中钴的目的[12]。因此,选择有机相中最佳N235体积分数为16%。
有机相中N235体积分数16%,反应温度40~50 ℃,P204萃余液pH≤3.0,Cl-质量浓度≥280 g/L,盐酸酸化浓度3 mol/L,相比VO/VA对N235萃取分离镍钴的影响试验结果如图6所示。
图6看出:随有机相中N235体积分数增大,Co2+萃取率相较其他金属离子明显升高;VO/VA=1.2/1时,Co2+萃取率高达99.95%,Ni2+萃取率仅为4.43%,二者可实现有效分离;继续增大VO/VA,Co2+萃取率基本不发生变化。考虑到萃取剂消耗量及生产成本等因素,选择N235最佳萃取相比VO/VA=1.2/1。
用HCl对N235萃取剂进行酸化处理,通过引入Cl-可形成R3NHCl配位体,配位体与[MeCl4]n-络阴离子发生配位反应,可实现金属离子的去除分离。因此,在有机相中N235体积分数16%、相比VO/VA=1.2/1、反应温度40~50 ℃、P204萃余液中Cl-质量浓度≥280 g/L条件下,考察盐酸酸化浓度对N235萃取分离镍钴的影响,试验结果如图7所示。
图7看出,随N235盐酸酸化浓度增大,Co2+萃取率也随之显著升高:盐酸浓度增至3 mol/L时,Co2+萃取率达99.74%;继续增大盐酸酸化浓度,Co2+萃取率基本保持不变,表明此时N235萃取剂与HCl已形成足够多的R3NHCl配位体,可与[MeCl4]n-络阴离子的活性位点进行配位[13]。盐酸浓度过大会造成N235萃余液酸度增加,使得N235的R3NHCl配位体与[MeCl4]n-络阴离子之间的配位反应逆向进行[14],降低金属离子的萃取率,同时高酸溶液会增加后续除铅工序的碳酸钠用量,使生产成本增大。因此,选择最佳盐酸酸化浓度为3 mol/L。
有机相中N235体积分数16%,相比VO/VA=1.2/1,反应温度40~50 ℃,P204萃余液中Cl-质量浓度≥280 g/L,P204萃余液pH对N235萃取分离镍钴的影响试验结果如图8所示。可以看出:P204萃余液pH在1.0~3.0范围内,随pH升高,Co2+萃取率开始变化不大,在pH>3.0时呈下降趋势。这一特征与N235的酸化特性一致,说明N235的萃取过程要求pH较低[15]。试验中发现,N235未经酸化处理直接萃取时,易形成氯化镍结晶,造成两相分离效果和流动性较差、萃取相和管道堵塞等问题,最终使产品质量下降[16]。可见,N235酸化处理不但能提高其萃取性能,还可抑制氯化镍结晶产生;但溶液pH过低或者N235酸化浓度过高都会造成N235萃余液酸度增大,增加生产成本。因此,确定最佳萃余液pH=3.0。
在氯化物体系中,Cl-必须达到一定浓度时才能与金属离子形成络阴离子。因此,在有机相中N235体积分数16%、相比VO/VA=1.2/1、反应温度40~50 ℃、P204萃余液pH≤3.0、盐酸酸化浓度3 mol/L条件下,考察P204萃余液中Cl-质量浓度对N235萃取分离镍钴的影响,试验结果如图9所示。可以看出:随P204萃余液中Cl-质量浓度增大,其与金属离子逐步形成了络阴离子,Co2+、Cu2+和Fe3+萃取率逐渐升高;Cl-质量浓度为200 g/L时,Co2+和Cu2+萃取率仅为55%左右,Fe3+萃取率低于10%;Cl-质量浓度增至280 g/L时,Co2+萃取率达99.95%,Ni2+萃取率为6.51%;Cl-质量浓度继续增大,Co2+、Ni2+萃取率均变化较小,说明此时溶液中几乎所有杂质金属离子均以[MeCl4]n-络阴离子形式存在,通过N235萃取可得到有效去除,最终产品溶液中杂质金属离子均可达标,这与金属离子与氯离子形成[MeCl4]n-络阴离子的配位顺序(Zn2+>Fe3+>Co2+>Cu2+>Fe2+)有关。因此,确定P204萃余液中最佳Cl-质量浓度为280 g/L较为适宜。
为进一步确定最佳萃取工艺参数,进行P204+N235联合萃取综合试验。其中,P204萃取除杂流程包括钠皂3级、萃取6级、洗镍3级、反萃取3级和再生2级,N235萃取分离镍钴流程包括酸化3级、萃取4级、洗镍2级、反萃取2级和再生2级,P204+N235联合萃取共30级。综合试验结果见表3
试验确定P204萃取除杂最佳工艺参数为:有机相中P204体积分数20%,相比VO/VA=1.5/1,皂化率50%,料液pH=3.5,反应温度40~50 ℃;N235萃取最佳工艺参数为:有机相中N235体积分数16%,相比VO/VA=1.2/1,反应温度40~50 ℃,P204萃余液中Cl-质量浓度≥280 g/L,P204萃余液pH=3.0,盐酸酸化浓度3 mol/L。
表3看出,经P204+N235联合萃取后,氯化镍溶液中Ni2+质量浓度为218.10 g/L。萃取过程镍回收率高达96.0%,其他杂质金属离子萃取率均达99%以上,氯化镍溶液化学成分能满足生产高品质电积镍的要求。
原料液pH=3.5,可直接进行P204萃取除杂;为了减少P204萃取造成的镍钴损失,可将洗镍钴酸并入P204萃余液中再进行N235镍钴分离,或将洗镍酸返回浸出系统进行配液。
针对氯化镍溶液,采用P204+N235联合萃取工艺,先用P204对Ca2+、Mg2+、Mn2+和Zn2+进行萃取除杂,再采用N235萃取和进一步除杂可实现镍钴有效分离。适宜条件下,经P204+N235联合萃取后溶液可达到生产高品质电积镍的阴极液要求。该工艺通过优先采用P204萃取除杂工艺可有效解决N235镍钴分离段N235“锌中毒”问题,同时避免单一萃取剂在氯化镍溶液中的局限性,为氯化电积镍萃取净化的工业化应用提供了一种新思路。
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2024年第43卷第4期
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doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.04.011
  • 接收时间:2024-04-08
  • 首发时间:2025-09-10
  • 出版时间:2024-08-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-08
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    金川集团股份有限公司, 甘肃 金昌 737100

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房春娟(1991—),女,硕士,二级工程师,主要研究方向为检化验分析。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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