Article(id=1172618991739744442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172618990200434867, articleNumber=1009-2617(2024)04-0391-04, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.04.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712592000000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1757503753837, onlineDateStr=2025-09-10, pubDate=1724083200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1757503753837, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1757503753837, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757503753837, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1172618990200434867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2024', volume='43', issue='4', pageStart='345', pageEnd='471', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1757503753469, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758502232130, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1176806913292513711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172618990200434867, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1176806913296708016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172618990200434867, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=391, endPage=394, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1172618991949459643, articleId=1172618991739744442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Extraction of Manganese from Manganese Dioxide Ores by(NH4)2SO3 Reduction Roasting, columnId=1152626641181700664, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Experiment Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Manganese dioxide in pyrolusite was directly reduced to manganese sulfate by high-temperature roasting with ammonium sulfite as reducing agent, so as to achieve efficient extraction of pyrolusite. The effects of mass ratio of ammonium sulfite to pyrolusite, roasting temperature and time, leaching temperature and time on the extraction rate of manganese were investigated, and the optimum process conditions were determined. The results show that the optimal conditions are the mass ratio of ammonium sulfite to pyrolusite of 0.75∶1, roasting temperature of 500 ℃, roasting time of 1.5 h, leaching temperature of 25 ℃, leaching time of 30 min. Under the conditions, the leaching rate of manganese and iron is about 93% and about 9.5%, respectively. The extraction effect of manganese is good.

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黎应芬(1985—),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为新能源材料与器件、有色金属冶金。

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黎应芬(1985—),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为新能源材料与器件、有色金属冶金。

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黎应芬(1985—),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为新能源材料与器件、有色金属冶金。

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figureFileBig=WHU2bhuGHsEGjjr94d7cwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1176949974874079289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172618991739744442, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Mg Al Si Mn Fe Ca S
0.16 1.43 2.8 16 0.28 0.12 5.53
), ArticleFig(id=1176949974928605242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172618991739744442, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

软锰矿的主要化学成分 %

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Mg Al Si Mn Fe Ca S
0.16 1.43 2.8 16 0.28 0.12 5.53
), ArticleFig(id=1176949975004102715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172618991739744442, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验序号 浸出率/%
Mn Fe
1 93.0 9.5
2 92.0 10.0
3 93.5 9.0
4 93.0 9.8
5 92.5 10.3
6 94.0 8.6
7 91.5 9.3
8 92.0 9.8
平均 92.69 9.54
), ArticleFig(id=1176949975058628668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172618991739744442, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

验证试验结果

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试验序号 浸出率/%
Mn Fe
1 93.0 9.5
2 92.0 10.0
3 93.5 9.0
4 93.0 9.8
5 92.5 10.3
6 94.0 8.6
7 91.5 9.3
8 92.0 9.8
平均 92.69 9.54
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亚硫酸铵还原焙烧软锰矿提取锰试验研究
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黎应芬 , 胡林 , 王润玺 , 王志琦
湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2024,43(4): 391-394
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湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2024, 43(4): 391-394
亚硫酸铵还原焙烧软锰矿提取锰试验研究
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黎应芬, 胡林, 王润玺, 王志琦
作者信息
  • 贵州理工学院 材料与能源工程学院, 贵州 贵阳 550003
  • 黎应芬(1985—),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为新能源材料与器件、有色金属冶金。

Extraction of Manganese from Manganese Dioxide Ores by(NH4)2SO3 Reduction Roasting
Yingfen LI, Lin HU, Runxi WANG, Zhiqi WANG
Affiliations
  • College of Materials and Metallurgy Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China
出版时间: 2024-08-20 doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.04.006
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研究了以亚硫酸铵为还原剂,通过高温焙烧直接把软锰矿中的二氧化锰还原成硫酸锰,从而实现软锰矿的高效提取,考察了亚硫酸铵与软锰矿质量比、焙烧温度及时间、浸出温度及时间等对锰提取率的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件。结果表明:最优条件为亚硫酸铵与软锰矿质量比0.75∶1,焙烧温度500 ℃,焙烧时间1.5 h,浸出温度25 ℃,浸出时间30 min;在该条件下,锰浸出率约为93%,铁浸出率约9.5%。锰提取效果较好。
软锰矿  /  亚硫酸铵  /  焙烧  /  还原  /  浸出  /  提取  /  锰  /  铁

Manganese dioxide in pyrolusite was directly reduced to manganese sulfate by high-temperature roasting with ammonium sulfite as reducing agent, so as to achieve efficient extraction of pyrolusite. The effects of mass ratio of ammonium sulfite to pyrolusite, roasting temperature and time, leaching temperature and time on the extraction rate of manganese were investigated, and the optimum process conditions were determined. The results show that the optimal conditions are the mass ratio of ammonium sulfite to pyrolusite of 0.75∶1, roasting temperature of 500 ℃, roasting time of 1.5 h, leaching temperature of 25 ℃, leaching time of 30 min. Under the conditions, the leaching rate of manganese and iron is about 93% and about 9.5%, respectively. The extraction effect of manganese is good.

pyrolusite  /  ammonium sulfite  /  roasting  /  reduction  /  leaching  /  extraction  /  manganese  /  iron
黎应芬, 胡林, 王润玺, 王志琦. 亚硫酸铵还原焙烧软锰矿提取锰试验研究. 湿法冶金, 2024 , 43 (4) : 391 -394 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.04.006
Yingfen LI, Lin HU, Runxi WANG, Zhiqi WANG. Extraction of Manganese from Manganese Dioxide Ores by(NH4)2SO3 Reduction Roasting[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2024 , 43 (4) : 391 -394 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.04.006
二氧化锰、硫酸锰因具有电化学性能优良、成本低廉等优点被广泛应用于制备锰酸锂、镍锰酸锂、镍钴锰酸锂等新型电极材料。近年来,随着电动汽车、电动摩托车市场的迅猛发展,极大地推动了电池行业的发展,同时对锰资源的需求也日益增加,从而导致二氧化锰、硫酸锰等原材料价格快速上涨[1-3]
软锰矿是提取金属锰的重要矿产资源,其中的锰元素主要以二氧化锰形式存在[4]。目前,从软锰矿提取锰主要以湿法还原浸出和火法-湿法联用工艺为主。湿法还原浸出工艺主要是在酸性条件下,以硫铁矿、氯化亚铁、双氧水等无机物或者核桃壳、木质素、单宁等有机物为还原剂浸出二氧化锰,该工艺具有流程简单、技术成熟等优点,但用还原剂浸出锰时会引入铁、氯、单糖、多糖等杂质,造成后续浸出液净化困难;火法-湿法联用工艺虽能耗相对较高,但能直接将二氧化锰中四价锰还原为二价锰,并在中性条件下直接浸出,降低盐酸、硫酸等物料成本[5-8]
亚硫酸铵是湿法脱硫的副产物之一,因具有良好的还原性,且原材料丰富、价格低廉,被用作还原剂。在酸性或高温条件下,亚硫酸根和其分解生成的二氧化硫能与二氧化锰发生氧化还原反应生成硫酸锰[9]。因此,试验研究了以亚硫酸铵作还原剂,采用火法还原焙烧—湿法浸出联合工艺从软锰矿中浸出锰,以期有效避免因还原剂使用引入其他杂质,降低后续浸出液净化工艺困难。
试验用软锰矿来自贵州地区某冶炼厂,经烘干、粉碎、筛分至粒径为200目,化学成分分析结果见表1。可以看出,软锰矿主要成分为二氧化锰(MnO2),同时含有少量铝、硅、铁等元素。试验用亚硫酸铵为分析纯,试验用水为蒸馏水。
亚硫酸铵受热升华分解温度较低,仅为150 ℃,在焙烧过程中会分解为SO2和NH3,软锰矿中的二氧化锰在高温条件下会被SO2直接还原成MnSO4;而在湿法浸出过程中,MnSO4与蒸馏水混合成MnSO4溶液。发生的反应如下:
(NH4)2SO3═══════2NH3+H2O+SO2;
MnO2+SO2═══════MnSO4
取20 g软锰矿置于坩埚中,添加一定质量亚硫酸铵,充分搅拌混合;待马弗炉温度达设定温度时,将坩埚置于马弗炉中进行还原焙烧;反应结束后,取出焙砂,自然冷却至室温后放入盛有500 mL去离子水的烧杯中,浸出反应在恒温加热搅拌条件下进行。
发生的化学反应方程式为:
2KMnO4+3MnSO4+2H2O═══════5MnO2+2H2SO4+K2SO4
反应一定时间后,过滤,得滤液和滤渣。采用高锰酸钾滴定法分析滤液中锰浓度,其他化学成分通过ICP-OES进行分析。采用高锰酸钾滴定法分析锰浓度。
锰浸出率计算公式为:
$x=\frac{3cV{A}_{r}\left(Mn\right)}{2m}\times 100\%。$
式中:x—锰浸出率,%;c—高锰酸钾浓度,mol/L;V—滴定过程所用高锰酸钾体积,L;Ar(Mn)—锰的相对原子质量,55;m—浸出用软锰矿质量,g。
焙烧温度500 ℃,焙烧时间1.5 h,浸出温度25 ℃,浸出时间30 min,亚硫酸铵与二氧化锰质量比对软锰矿浸出的影响试验结果如图1所示。
图1看出:亚硫酸铵与软锰矿质量比小于0.5∶1时,锰浸出率低于80%;质量比增至0.75∶1时,锰浸出率升至93%;继续增加亚硫酸铵用量,锰浸出率提高幅度不大;而铁浸出率随亚硫酸铵用量增加仅有小幅升高,基本在10%以下。根据反应原理计算可知,浸出过程中实际消耗的亚硫酸铵用量为理论值的2倍,主要是因为在500 ℃高温焙烧条件下,部分亚硫酸铵极易升华分解并挥发到空气中,没有对软锰矿起到还原作用。因此,为高效提取软锰矿须保证亚硫酸铵过量;用水直接浸出焙烧产物,铁通常以氢氧化亚铁形式存在,其溶解度不高,所以浸出率较低。因此,确定亚硫酸铵与软锰矿最佳质量比为0.75∶1。
亚硫酸铵与软锰矿质量比0.75∶1,焙烧时间1.5 h,浸出温度25 ℃,浸出时间30 min,焙烧温度对软锰矿浸出的影响试验结果如图2所示。
图2看出:温度低于400 ℃时,锰浸出率较低,但随温度升高,锰浸出率呈迅速升高趋势;焙烧温度大于500 ℃时,锰浸出率高于90%;铁浸出率则随焙烧温度升高变化不大。因此,确定最佳焙烧温度为500 ℃。
这与试验前期运用硫磺还原焙烧锰阳极泥的试验结果不同[10],主要是因为锰阳极泥除了含有二氧化锰以外,还含有三氧化二锰,而且锰阳极泥含锰量高达45%以上,硫磺与二氧化锰、三氧化二锰混合更加充分,所以更易被还原浸出。
亚硫酸铵与软锰矿质量比0.75∶1,焙烧温度500 ℃,浸出温度25 ℃,浸出时间30 min,焙烧时间对软锰矿浸出的影响试验结果如图3所示。可以看出:焙烧不足30 min时,锰浸出率低于40%;随焙烧时间延长,锰浸出率快速升高,焙烧1.5 h时,锰浸出率达93%。还原焙烧前,亚硫酸铵和软锰矿已被充分混合,但在高温焙烧过程中,二氧化硫会挥发,而且二氧化硫与二氧化锰之间的氧化还原反应需通过升高温度提供活化能,因此,只有亚硫酸铵充分分解,且焙烧时间足以使二氧化硫与二氧化锰都达到反应温度后,二氧化锰才会被高效还原;铁浸出率则随焙烧时间延长,仅由1.5%缓慢提高至9.5%,升高幅度较小。因此,确定最佳焙烧时间为1.5 h。
亚硫酸铵与软锰矿质量比0.75∶1,焙烧温度500 ℃,焙烧时间1.5 h,浸出时间30 min,浸出温度对软锰矿浸出的影响试验结果如图4所示。
图4看出:浸出温度对锰和铁浸出率影响均不大,室温条件下即可浸出90%以上的锰和低于10%的铁。因为硫酸锰是易溶性化合物,在室温下溶解度为39.3 g/100 mL[11],其溶解度随温度升高反而略有下降;而氢氧化亚铁溶解度不高,在室温下仅为5.255×10-5 g/100 mL。因此,确定最佳浸出温度为25 ℃。
亚硫酸铵与软锰矿质量比0.75∶1,焙烧温度500 ℃,焙烧时间1.5 h,浸出温度25 ℃时,浸出时间对软锰矿浸出的影响试验结果如图5所示。
图5看出:浸出时间在30 min内,锰浸出率随浸出时间延长而升高,且幅度较大;但浸出超过30 min后,随浸出时间延长,锰浸出率升高幅度较小;浸出时间对铁浸出率影响不大。因此,确定最佳浸出时间为30 min。
为了验证本工艺最优化方案的可行性,在亚硫酸铵与软锰矿质量比0.75∶1、焙烧温度500 ℃、焙烧时间1.5 h、浸出温度25 ℃、浸出时间30 min最佳工艺条件下进行8次重复验证试验,结果见表2。可以看出:8次试验的锰浸出率均在93%左右,平均浸出率约为92.7%,铁浸出率均在9.5%左右,平均浸出率为9.54%,说明该工艺的稳定性较好。
1)亚硫酸铵中的亚硫酸根具有优异的还原性能,在高温条件下,采用还原焙烧—湿法浸出工艺,能将软锰矿中的四价锰还原为二价锰,并在中性条件下将锰浸出,有效避免酸性湿法浸出工艺易引入杂质元素的缺点。
2)亚硫酸铵还原焙烧—湿法浸出提取软锰矿的最佳工艺条件为:亚硫酸铵与软锰矿质量比0.75∶1,焙烧温度500 ℃,焙烧时间1.5 h,浸出温度25 ℃,浸出时间30 min。在该条件下,锰浸出率约为92.7%,浸出效果和工艺稳定性较好。
3)根据工艺原理,该工艺还有望用于高温干法脱除烟气二氧化硫,同步实现软锰矿、锰阳极泥等二氧化锰资源的提取,具有一定应用前景。
  • 贵州省教育厅高校科技创新团队(黔教技[2023]078号)
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doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.04.006
  • 接收时间:2024-04-09
  • 首发时间:2025-09-10
  • 出版时间:2024-08-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-09
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贵州省教育厅高校科技创新团队(黔教技[2023]078号)
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    贵州理工学院 材料与能源工程学院, 贵州 贵阳 550003
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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