Article(id=1172619714493825367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172619710446321994, articleNumber=1009-2617(2024)03-0284-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.03.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1706889600000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1757503926156, onlineDateStr=2025-09-10, pubDate=1718812800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1757503926156, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1757503926156, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757503926156, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1172619710446321994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2024', volume='43', issue='3', pageStart='215', pageEnd='340', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1757503925191, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758768108393, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1177922079165923462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172619710446321994, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1177922079165923463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172619710446321994, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=284, endPage=292, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1172619714749677913, articleId=1172619714493825367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Preparation of Magnetic Polyaniline Adsorbent Material and Its Adsorption Performance for Iodine, columnId=1152626641181700664, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Experiment Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Polyaniline (PANI) coated iron tetroxide was used to prepare of Fe3O4@PANI magnetic adsorption material for the adsorption of iodine in water. The morphology and properties of the composite before and after adsorption were characterized by SEM, TEM, FT-IR, XRD, VSM, XPS and Raman, and the adsorption mechanism of the composite was explored. The effects of adsorption time, iodine solution concentration, adsorption temperature and regeneration on the adsorption properties were also investigated. The results show that iodine is bound to benzene ring, quinone ring and nitrogen atom of quinone ring structure unit of polyaniline when coated with ferric tetroxide adsorbed I2. The adsorption process of I2 by Fe3O4@PANI is endothermic and spontaneous, which accords with the quasi-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model. At 303.15 K, the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity is 1 777.13 mg/g. After the adsorbent is desorbed with ethanol and recycled for 3 times, the adsorption rate reached 44.22% of the first adsorption rate.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yipeng ZHANG, Zhanhua WU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1172620330922295884, articleId=1172619714493825367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=CN, title=磁性聚苯胺吸附材料的制备及对碘的吸附性能研究, columnId=1152626641328501305, journalTitle=湿法冶金, columnName=试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=研究了以聚苯胺(PANI)包覆四氧化三铁制备Fe3O4@PANI磁性吸附材料,并用于吸附水中的碘单质。采用SEM、TEM、FT-IR、XRD、VSM、XPS和Raman等方法对该复合材料吸附前后的形貌与性质进行表征,探究了该复合材料的吸附机制,同时考察了吸附时间、碘溶液浓度、吸附温度及再生对吸附性能的影响。结果表明:聚苯胺包覆四氧化三铁吸附溶液中的I2时,碘分别与聚苯胺的苯环、醌环及醌环结构单元的氮原子结合;Fe3O4@PANI对I2的吸附为自发吸热的过程,符合准二级动力学模型与Langmuir等温吸附模型;在303.15 K时,理论最大吸附量为1 777.13 mg/g,负载吸附剂用乙醇脱附并循环使用3次后,其吸附率可达第1次吸附率的44.22%。, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
吴展华(1979—),男,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为核燃料循环与材料。E-mail:
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张祎鹏(1995—),男,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为放射性核素的分离。

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张祎鹏(1995—),男,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为放射性核素的分离。

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张祎鹏(1995—),男,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为放射性核素的分离。

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Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2010, 27(2):283-284., articleTitle=Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of cadmium adsorption from aqueous solution onto rice husk, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1177303677351116928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172619714493825367, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1177303677355311233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172619714493825367, companyId=1177303677351116928, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1177303677363699842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172619714493825367, companyId=1177303677351116928, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国原子能科学研究院, 北京 102413)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1177303678957535385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172619714493825367, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=lXuhtKZbssND6BTIqkIjpw==, figureFileBig=7OgrpQI000l2SjK1SzDXRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177303679058198682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172619714493825367, language=CN, label=图1, caption=Fe3O4@PANI吸附碘的反应机制, figureFileSmall=lXuhtKZbssND6BTIqkIjpw==, figureFileBig=7OgrpQI000l2SjK1SzDXRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177303679142084763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172619714493825367, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=nOCrIzN1maxcZQRGM3c5KA==, figureFileBig=OhQsINoZorAVODkh9m3Y0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177303679238553756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172619714493825367, language=CN, label=图2, caption=Fe3O4@PANI的稳定性分析结果

a—Fe3O4@PANI(左)、Fe3O4(右)放入磺基水杨酸中;b—放置1 d后,Fe3O4@PANI(左)、Fe3O4(右)放入磺基水杨酸中。

, figureFileSmall=nOCrIzN1maxcZQRGM3c5KA==, figureFileBig=OhQsINoZorAVODkh9m3Y0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177303679339217053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172619714493825367, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=O+DfbXOeIzWhjaZSNT84HQ==, figureFileBig=F4TZdw+diwgj1uwO0rDlLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177303679452463262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172619714493825367, language=CN, label=图3, caption=Fe3O4@PANI的SEM(a)及TEM(b)表征结果, figureFileSmall=O+DfbXOeIzWhjaZSNT84HQ==, figureFileBig=F4TZdw+diwgj1uwO0rDlLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177303679527960735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172619714493825367, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=aUjQH7oglE3bMRMcCeKR+A==, figureFileBig=jBgnoov67QNsH/p2btJVpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177303679599263904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172619714493825367, language=CN, label=图4, caption=Fe3O4、Fe3O4@PANI及Fe3O4@PANI-I的红外光谱, figureFileSmall=aUjQH7oglE3bMRMcCeKR+A==, figureFileBig=jBgnoov67QNsH/p2btJVpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177303679670567073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172619714493825367, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=uvo9B7p9KpOSWP1y5tvQAw==, figureFileBig=j6lpCt5iU72M7rtHEAUFMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177303679733481634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172619714493825367, language=CN, label=图5, caption=Fe3O4、Fe3O4@PANI及Fe3O4@PANI-I的XRD图谱, figureFileSmall=uvo9B7p9KpOSWP1y5tvQAw==, figureFileBig=j6lpCt5iU72M7rtHEAUFMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177303679792201891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172619714493825367, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=sRLzkH+/ot7pPFe0+6h5tQ==, figureFileBig=a+XOtuLujJPCAVqJas23qA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177303679846727844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172619714493825367, language=CN, label=图6, caption=Fe3O4和Fe3O4@PANI的磁化强度与磁场的关系

a—Fe3O4和Fe3O4@PANI的M-H曲线;b—Fe3O4和Fe3O4@PANI的M-H曲线(近景)。

, figureFileSmall=sRLzkH+/ot7pPFe0+6h5tQ==, figureFileBig=a+XOtuLujJPCAVqJas23qA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177303679913836709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172619714493825367, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=/ypo/+wEPGHemJk+zM5DHQ==, figureFileBig=BY5we6f3C7ZNjIZAhBnneA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177303679985139878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172619714493825367, language=CN, label=图7, caption=Fe3O4@PANI的XPS表征结果

a—Fe3O4@PANI吸附碘前、后的XPS全谱;b—Fe3O4@PANI-I的I 3d精细谱;c—Fe3O4@PANI吸附碘前、后的N 1s精细谱。

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${{q}_{e,}}_{试验}$/
(mg·g-1)
准一级动力学 准二级动力学
k1/min-1 q1,理论/(mg·g-1) R2 k2/(g·mg-1·min-1) q2,理论/(mg·g-1) R2
1 775.20 0.056 7 2 022.31 0.881 7 4.517 4×10-5 1 883.49 0.996 1
), ArticleFig(id=1177303681386037432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172619714493825367, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

Fe3O4@PANI吸附碘的动力学拟合参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
${{q}_{e,}}_{试验}$/
(mg·g-1)
准一级动力学 准二级动力学
k1/min-1 q1,理论/(mg·g-1) R2 k2/(g·mg-1·min-1) q2,理论/(mg·g-1) R2
1 775.20 0.056 7 2 022.31 0.881 7 4.517 4×10-5 1 883.49 0.996 1
), ArticleFig(id=1177303681440563385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172619714493825367, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Langmuir等温吸附模型 Freundlich等温吸附模型
kL/(L·g-1) qm/(mg·g-1) R2 kF/(L·mg-1) n R2
1.337 1 777.13 0.998 4 1 476.54 22.941 0.843 12
), ArticleFig(id=1177303681524449466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172619714493825367, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Fe3O4@PANI的等温吸附拟合参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Langmuir等温吸附模型 Freundlich等温吸附模型
kL/(L·g-1) qm/(mg·g-1) R2 kF/(L·mg-1) n R2
1.337 1 777.13 0.998 4 1 476.54 22.941 0.843 12
), ArticleFig(id=1177303681625112763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, articleId=1172619714493825367, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ΔH/(kJ·mol-1) ΔS/(J·mol-1·K-1) ΔG/(kJ·mol-1)
283.15 K 288.15 K 293.15 K 298.15 K 303.15 K
34.77 206.08 -23.58 -24.61 -25.64 -26.67 -27.70
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Fe3O4@PANI吸附I2的热力学参数

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ΔH/(kJ·mol-1) ΔS/(J·mol-1·K-1) ΔG/(kJ·mol-1)
283.15 K 288.15 K 293.15 K 298.15 K 303.15 K
34.77 206.08 -23.58 -24.61 -25.64 -26.67 -27.70
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磁性聚苯胺吸附材料的制备及对碘的吸附性能研究
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张祎鹏 , 吴展华
湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2024,43(3): 284-292
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湿法冶金 | 试验研究 2024, 43(3): 284-292
磁性聚苯胺吸附材料的制备及对碘的吸附性能研究
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张祎鹏, 吴展华
作者信息
  • 中国原子能科学研究院, 北京 102413
  • 张祎鹏(1995—),男,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为放射性核素的分离。

通讯作者:

吴展华(1979—),男,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为核燃料循环与材料。E-mail:
Preparation of Magnetic Polyaniline Adsorbent Material and Its Adsorption Performance for Iodine
Yipeng ZHANG, Zhanhua WU
Affiliations
  • China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
出版时间: 2024-06-20 doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.03.010
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研究了以聚苯胺(PANI)包覆四氧化三铁制备Fe3O4@PANI磁性吸附材料,并用于吸附水中的碘单质。采用SEM、TEM、FT-IR、XRD、VSM、XPS和Raman等方法对该复合材料吸附前后的形貌与性质进行表征,探究了该复合材料的吸附机制,同时考察了吸附时间、碘溶液浓度、吸附温度及再生对吸附性能的影响。结果表明:聚苯胺包覆四氧化三铁吸附溶液中的I2时,碘分别与聚苯胺的苯环、醌环及醌环结构单元的氮原子结合;Fe3O4@PANI对I2的吸附为自发吸热的过程,符合准二级动力学模型与Langmuir等温吸附模型;在303.15 K时,理论最大吸附量为1 777.13 mg/g,负载吸附剂用乙醇脱附并循环使用3次后,其吸附率可达第1次吸附率的44.22%。
磁性吸附材料  /  聚苯胺  /  四氧化三铁  /  碘  /  制备  /  吸附

Polyaniline (PANI) coated iron tetroxide was used to prepare of Fe3O4@PANI magnetic adsorption material for the adsorption of iodine in water. The morphology and properties of the composite before and after adsorption were characterized by SEM, TEM, FT-IR, XRD, VSM, XPS and Raman, and the adsorption mechanism of the composite was explored. The effects of adsorption time, iodine solution concentration, adsorption temperature and regeneration on the adsorption properties were also investigated. The results show that iodine is bound to benzene ring, quinone ring and nitrogen atom of quinone ring structure unit of polyaniline when coated with ferric tetroxide adsorbed I2. The adsorption process of I2 by Fe3O4@PANI is endothermic and spontaneous, which accords with the quasi-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model. At 303.15 K, the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity is 1 777.13 mg/g. After the adsorbent is desorbed with ethanol and recycled for 3 times, the adsorption rate reached 44.22% of the first adsorption rate.

magnetic adsorption material  /  polyaniline  /  Fe3O4  /  iodine  /  preparation  /  adsorption
张祎鹏, 吴展华. 磁性聚苯胺吸附材料的制备及对碘的吸附性能研究. 湿法冶金, 2024 , 43 (3) : 284 -292 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.03.010
Yipeng ZHANG, Zhanhua WU. Preparation of Magnetic Polyaniline Adsorbent Material and Its Adsorption Performance for Iodine[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2024 , 43 (3) : 284 -292 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.03.010
放射性碘由235U裂变所产生[1],其中131I是一种常见的裂变产物,在放射性产物中占比很高。人体接触高浓度131I会引发甲状腺炎,还会加大患甲状腺癌的可能性[2]。因此,处理放射性碘具有十分重要的意义。
目前常见的碘收集方法主要有液膜分离法、空气吹出法、溶剂萃取法、离子交换法及吸附法。其中,吸附法因具有操作简单、去除率高、吸附量大等优点而备受关注。常见的碘吸附材料有沸石[3]、活性炭[4]、金属有机框架材料[5]、共轭微孔聚合物[6]及共价有机框架材料[7]等,但这些材料存在成本高、污染大、稳定性较差等缺点,因此迫切需要一种合成简单、稳定性良好的吸附材料。
聚苯胺广泛应用于太阳能电池[8]、超级电容器[9]、电磁屏蔽材料[10]等领域,因其具有比表面积大、合成方法简单、成本低廉及稳定性良好等优点,在吸附领域日益受到关注。目前,已有将聚苯胺应用于吸附含碘废水的研究[11],但聚苯胺为固体粉末,在应用于水体吸附时,材料的回收较困难,将材料磁性功能化可有效解决该问题[12]
试验采用共沉淀法制备四氧化三铁,再以苯胺为单体,采用原位聚合法合成聚苯胺并包覆四氧化三铁,得到磁性聚苯胺纳米粒子(Fe3O4@PANI)。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)、光电子能谱仪(XPS)和拉曼光谱仪(Raman)等技术手段对Fe3O4@PANI吸附碘前后的形貌与性质进行表征,研究Fe3O4@PANI对溶液中碘的吸附性能和吸附机制,考察了吸附时间、碘溶液浓度、吸附温度及再生对Fe3O4@PANI吸附性能的影响。
试验用试剂为苯胺、过硫酸铵、七水合硫酸亚铁、六水合氯化铁、氢氧化钠,均为分析纯,购于西陇科学股份有限公司。
主要设备为数显型机械搅拌器(Rw20,德国IKA仪器设备有限公司)、恒温振荡器(SHA-C,常州国华电器有限公司)、超声波清洗器(KQ3200,昆山市超声仪器有限公司)、紫外-可见分光光度计(T6新世纪,北京普析通用仪器有限责任公司)、扫描电子显微镜(Nova Nano 450,美国FEI公司)、透射电子显微镜(JEM-1200EX,日本电子株式会社)、X射线衍射仪(D8-A25X,布洛克-铂锐仪器有限公司)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(NICOLET iS5,美国赛默飞世尔科技公司)、光电子能谱仪(Escalab 250Xi,美国赛默飞世尔科技公司)、振动样品磁强计(VersaLab,美国Quantum Design公司)、拉曼光谱仪(RM 2000,英国RENISHAW公司)。
Fe3O4纳米粒子的制备:取1.39 g七水合硫酸亚铁溶于5 mL去离子水中,另取1.35 g六水合三氯化铁溶于25 mL去离子水中,将二者混合溶解,机械搅拌并加热至50 ℃,然后迅速加入50 mL 1 mol/L的NaOH溶液,反应3 h。反应结束后,通过磁分离方法用去离子水和乙醇洗3次,60 ℃真空干燥,即可得到Fe3O4纳米粒子。
磁性聚苯胺的制备:在暗室环境下,取100 mg上述Fe3O4纳米粒子加入100 mL去离子水中,超声10 min,再加入1 g苯胺,超声10 min,随后在冰浴(0~4 ℃)搅拌条件下加入过硫酸铵溶液(3 g/25 mL),搅拌24 h,通过磁分离方法用去离子水洗3次,60 ℃下真空干燥24 h,即可得到Fe3O4@PANI。
结合已有文献资料[13-14],认为I2与Fe3O4@PANI的吸附机制分为2个步骤:1)碘与醌环结合形成电荷转移复合物;碘与苯环结构单元中的苯环反应形成C—I,并释放出HI;2)HI参与反应,掺杂在醌环结构单元中的亚胺上(图1)。
在暗室环境下,用800 mL去离子水溶解150 mg再升华碘,并转移至1 L的棕色容量瓶中,定容,摇匀,即可得到150 mg/L的碘标准溶液。将吸附用的碘标准溶液用一定浓度盐酸或氢氧化钠调节pH至7;移取100 mL碘标准溶液至150 mL锥形瓶中,准确称量4 mg Fe3O4@PANI至锥形瓶中,短暂超声,使Fe3O4@PANI与溶液充分混合;随后将锥形瓶置入恒温水浴振荡箱中,于一定温度下振荡一定时间;采用磁分离方法,将Fe3O4@PANI与溶液分离,得上清液,在460 nm波长处测定吸光度,用初始质量浓度减去平衡质量浓度即可得到平衡吸附量qe(mg/g)。计算公式如下:
qe=$\frac{({\rho }_{0}-{\rho }_{e})V}{m}$。
式中:ρ0—吸附原液碘标液初始质量浓度,mg/L;ρe—吸附达到平衡时尾液中碘质量浓度,mg/L;V—碘标液体积,L;m—Fe3O4@PANI质量,g。
分配系数kd(mL/g)也是碘吸附过程中的一个重要参数,计算公式如下:
kd=$\frac{{q}_{e}}{{\rho }_{e}}$×1 000。
为测试PANI是否将Fe3O4完全包覆,将所合成Fe3O4与Fe3O4@PANI放入装有磺基水杨酸的50 mL样品瓶中。加入Fe3O4时,即有磺基水杨酸与铁发生反应,生成磺基水杨酸合铁(Ⅲ)配合物,溶液呈紫色(见图2(a))。放置1 d后,加入Fe3O4的溶液完全呈紫红色;而装有Fe3O4@PANI样品瓶中的溶液无变化,说明聚苯胺将Fe3O4完全包覆(见图2(b))。
图3为Fe3O4@PANI样品的SEM及TEM分析结果。由图3(a)看出,Fe3O4@PANI直径为180 nm左右;由图3(b)看出,Fe3O4@PANI呈球形核壳结构,PANI将Fe3O4纳米粒子完全包覆,这与图1相符。
图4为Fe3O4、Fe3O4@PANI及吸附I2后Fe3O4@PANI-I的红外光谱,扫描波数范围为4 000~400 cm-1。可以看出:Fe3O4红外光谱分别在1 620、583 cm-1处出现了振动峰,可分别归因于Fe3O4表面O—H羟基的弯曲振动与Fe—O的伸缩振动[15-16];Fe3O4@PANI在1 577、1 497、1 299、1 129 cm-1处出现新的振动峰,分别归属于聚苯胺醌环结构单元的C══C伸缩振动峰、苯环结构单元的C══C伸缩振动峰、苯环结构单元的C—N伸缩振动峰与醌环结构单元的C══N伸缩振动峰[17];吸附I2后的Fe3O4@PANI红外光谱在496 cm-1处多出1个峰,该峰属于C—I的伸缩振动峰[18],聚苯胺醌环结构单元中的C══C振动峰(1 577 cm-1)、C══N振动峰(1 129 cm-1)与聚苯胺苯环结构单元中C══C振动峰(1 497 cm-1)分别位移至1 559、1 110和1 474 cm-1处,说明醌环结构单元的醌环与氮原子、苯环结构单元上的苯环参与了I2吸附过程[19]
为进一步表征目标产物结构,采用XRD对比分析合成物的物相,结果如图5所示。
图5看出:Fe3O4在30.09°、35.44°、43.07°、56.96°和62.54°出现5个明显特征峰,分别属于Fe3O4的(220)、(311)、(400)、(333)和(440)晶相,基本符合JCPDS Card No.79-0417标准卡片[20],证明Fe3O4成功合成;Fe3O4@PANI-I在20°左右未出现聚苯胺的特征峰,这可能是由于金属峰过强而聚苯胺本身结晶性太低而被掩蔽;在28.82°处也未出现特征衍射峰,说明试验中所吸附的碘的主要存在形式不是I2[21]
为了表征Fe3O4和Fe3O4@PANI的磁性,对Fe3O4和Fe3O4@PANI的磁性进行比饱和磁化强度、矫顽力的分析与磁分离测试。Fe3O4@PANI比饱和磁化强度大于16.3 A·m2/kg时,极易与吸附物分离[22]。由图6(a)看出:Fe3O4比饱和磁化强度为75.33 A·m2/kg,由于Fe3O4@PANI被聚苯胺包覆,其饱和磁化强度为58.51 A·m2/kg,略低于纯Fe3O4纳米颗粒,但仍有很强的磁性,极易从吸附介质中分离出来。由图6(b)看出:Fe3O4@PANI的矫顽力(889.67 A/m)大于Fe3O4的矫顽力(436.08 A/m)。
Fe3O4@PANI的XPS表示征结果如图7所示。图7(a)为Fe3O4@PANI吸附碘前、后的XPS图谱。可以看出:Fe3O4@PANI的谱线中,在285、400、532和710 eV处的峰分别属于C 1s、N 1s、O 1s和Fe 2p的振动峰,在Fe3O4@PANI-I的XPS谱线中,625 eV处出现的2个峰归属于I 3d的振动峰,证明了碘的存在。
图7(b)为I 3d的精细谱,分别在结合能为618.2、619.0、619.9、620.5、629.8、630.4、631.5和632 eV处出现了$\mathrm{I}_{3}^{-}$ 3d5/2、I- 3d5/2、I0 3d5/2、$\mathrm{I}_{5}^{-}$ 3d5/2、$\mathrm{I}_{3}^{-}$ 3d3/2、I- 3d3/2、I0 3d3/2和$\mathrm{I}_{5}^{-}$ 3d3/2的特征峰,通过峰面积看出,碘是以I-、$\mathrm{I}_{3}^{-}$和$\mathrm{I}_{5}^{-}$为主,I2含量极少[23-24]
图7(c)为Fe3O4@PANI吸附碘前、后N 1s图谱。可以看出:吸附碘后,氮原子的结合能增大,这是因为醌环部分的氮原子(路易斯碱)提供电子与碘单质(路易斯酸)结合,使得氮原子的电子云密度减小,从而使结合能增大[25],与图4中C══N振动峰的位移相符合。
图8为Fe3O4@PANI吸附碘前、后的拉曼光谱,激光激发波长为532 nm,激光功率为0.2 mW,扫描范围为50~2 000 cm-1。可以看出:Fe3O4@PANI的拉曼光谱中,在1 166、1 327、1 462、1 531 和1 595 cm-1处出现了特征峰,这些峰分别属于醌环上C—H的面内弯曲振动峰、醌环上C—N的伸缩振动峰、醌环上C══N的伸缩振动峰、苯环上C══C的伸缩振动峰和醌环上C══N的伸缩振动峰[26-27];Fe3O4@PANI-I的拉曼光谱中,在109、163 cm-1处出现了2个新振动峰,通过峰强可判断,所吸附的碘的存在形式是$\mathrm{I}_{3}^{-}$和$\mathrm{I}_{5}^{-}$,含量多于I2含量,这与上述光电子能谱测试结论相符[28]
在碘标液体积100 mL、碘初始质量浓度100 mg/L、温度303.15 K条件下进行吸附试验,并绘制Fe3O4@PANI对碘的吸附动力学曲线,如图9所示。可以看出:在吸附前60 min,Fe3O4@PANI对碘的吸附速度较快,之后吸附速度减缓,在吸附120 min时达到平衡。后续试验吸附时间选择为120 min。
采用准一级和准二级吸附动力学模型对上述试验数据进行拟合。准一级[29]和准二级动力学[30]方程如下:
ln(qe-qt)=ln qe-k1t;
$\frac{t}{{q}_{t}}$=$\frac{1}{{k}_{2}{q}_{e}^{2}}$+$\frac{t}{{q}_{e}}$。
式中:qe—吸附平衡时Fe3O4@PANI对碘的吸附量,mg/g;qt—吸附t时间时Fe3O4@PANI对碘的吸附量,mg/g;k1—准一级动力学反应速率常数,min-1;k2—准二级动力学反应速率常数,g/(mg·min),t—吸附时间,min。
Fe3O4@PANI吸附碘的准一级、准二级动力学拟合曲线如图10所示,拟合参数见表1。由表1看出,Fe3O4@PANI对碘吸附的准二级动力学拟合相关系数更高,理论吸附量与实际值也更为接近,说明Fe3O4@PANI对碘的吸附主要为化学吸附。
在Fe3O4@PANI质量4 mg、碘标液体积100 mL、pH=7.0、吸附时间120 min条件下,碘平衡质量浓度对Fe3O4@PANI吸附碘的影响试验结果如图11所示。可以看出:随碘平衡质量浓度增大,吸附量增加;碘平衡质量浓度为78 mg/L时,平衡吸附量达1 793.28 mg/g。
采用Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型对上述试验数据进行拟合[31],拟合曲线如图12所示,拟合参数见表2。Langmuir等温吸附是发生在均匀表面的单层吸附,Freundlich等温吸附是可逆的非均相吸附。Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型的线性表达式如下:
$\frac{{\rho }_{e}}{{q}_{e}}$=$\frac{{\rho }_{e}}{{q}_{m}}$+$\frac{1}{{k}_{L}{q}_{m}}$;
ln qe=ln kF+$\frac{1}{n}$ln ρe
式中:ρe—吸附平衡时尾液中碘质量浓度,mg/L;qe—吸附平衡时Fe3O4@PANI对碘的吸附量,mg/g;qm—Fe3O4@PANI对碘的最大吸附量,mg/g;kL—Langmuir平衡常数,L/g;kF—Freundlich平衡常数,L/mg;1/n—吸附强度。
表2看出:Fe3O4@PANI对碘的吸附过程更符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,说明吸附过程主要为单层吸附。
在碘标液体积100 mL、碘初始质量浓度100 mg/L、吸附时间120 min条件下,温度对Fe3O4@PANI吸附碘的影响试验结果如图13所示。可以看出,随吸附温度升高,Fe3O4@PANI对碘的吸附量升高。
为了研究Fe3O4@PANI吸附I2的热力学特性,引入了热力学函数[32],如Gibbs自由能的变化(ΔG)、熵变(ΔS)、焓变(ΔH)。其中,ΔH和ΔS通过式(7)计算:
ln kd=$\frac{\Delta S}{R}$-$\frac{\Delta H}{RT}$。
式中:R—气体摩尔常数,8.314 J/(K·mol);kd—分配系数;T—热力学温度,K。
不同温度条件下的ΔG通过式(8)计算:
ΔGH-TΔS
ln kd与1/T之间的关系如图14所示,Fe3O4@PANI吸附碘的热力学参数见表3。可以看出:该吸附反应是自发且吸热的熵增过程,且升温有利于增大反应自发趋势。
将吸附碘后的Fe3O4@PANI置于乙醇中解吸,发现解吸48 h后,溶剂的颜色由无色变为棕色。将解吸后Fe3O4@PANI循环吸附3次,考察材料的再生性能,试验结果如图15所示。可以看出,循环吸附3次的吸附量仅为第1次吸附量的44.22%。这可能是因为PANI在聚合时产生孔隙,并在第1次吸附后形成阻塞,从而造成重复使用率较低。
1)采用原位聚合法可以合成具有核壳结构磁性聚苯胺Fe3O4@PANI纳米颗粒,粒径在180 nm左右,比饱和磁化强度为58.51 A·m2/kg,在酸性溶液中有良好稳定性,吸附后可采用磁分离法进行回收分离。在适宜条件下,I2吸附量为1 775.20 mg/g。Fe3O4@PANI对I2的吸附过程为吸热且自发的过程,其吸附行为是以化学吸附为主的单层吸附,符合准二级动力学模型与Langmuir等温吸附模型。
2)Fe3O4@PANI在循环使用3次后吸附量仅为第1次吸附量的44.22%,可能由聚苯胺内部孔隙形成阻塞引起,后续研究中考虑与其他材料进行复合或掺杂以扩大孔隙同时增大比表面积,提高重复使用率并进一步提升吸附量。
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2024年第43卷第3期
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doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.03.010
  • 接收时间:2024-02-03
  • 首发时间:2025-09-10
  • 出版时间:2024-06-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-03
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    中国原子能科学研究院, 北京 102413

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吴展华(1979—),男,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为核燃料循环与材料。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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