Article(id=1172620560271028849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172620559834821232, articleNumber=1009-2617(2024)01-0001-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.01.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1696953600000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1757504127805, onlineDateStr=2025-09-10, pubDate=1708358400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1757504127805, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1757504127805, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757504127805, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1172620559834821232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, year='2024', volume='43', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='111', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1757504127699, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758625263309, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1177322943446135256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172620559834821232, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1177322943446135257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, issueId=1172620559834821232, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=8, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1172620560472355442, articleId=1172620560271028849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120122248306696, language=EN, title=Research Progress on Preparation of Ultrafine Platinum and Its Composite Powder by Liquid Phase Method, columnId=1152626642049446094, journalTitle=Hydrometallurgy of China, columnName=Reviews, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Platinum and its composite powder are widely used in electronic information, energy, automotive and other high-end manufacturing fields, due to its unique performance. With the high-quality and rapid development of Chinese advanced equipment manufacturing industry, higher requirements are put forward for the performance of platinum and its composite powder, and the demand for dosage is increasing. In this paper, the most widely used liquid phase method for preparing platinum and its composite powder at home and abroad is reviewed. The research progress of sol-gel method, hydrothermal method, microemulsion method and liquid phase chemical reduction method for preparing platinum and its composite powder is summarized, and the advantages and problems of various method in the process of preparing precious metal powder are also summarized. The development direction of efficient preparation of platinum and other precious metals ultrafine powders is prospected.

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铂及其复合粉因具有独特的性能,广泛应用于电子信息、能源、汽车等高端制造领域。随着我国高端装备制造业的高质量、快速发展,对铂及其复合粉性能提出了更高的要求,需求也日益增大。综述了目前制备铂及其复合粉应用最广泛的液相法的研究现状,重点总结了溶胶-凝胶法、水热法、微乳液法、液相化学还原法的研究进展,以及各制备方法的优势及面临的问题,并对铂等贵金属超细粉体的高效制备发展方向进行了展望。

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吴保安(1981—),男,硕士,正高级工程师,主要研究方向为贵金属材料研发及应用。E-mail:
黎学明(1967—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为纳米结构功能材料。E-mail:
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谭生(1984—),男,博士,工程师,主要研究方向为贵金属粉体材料制备及应用。

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谭生(1984—),男,博士,工程师,主要研究方向为贵金属粉体材料制备及应用。

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液相法制备超细铂及其复合粉的研究进展
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谭生 1, 2, 3 , 孙玲 1, 2 , 万伟建 1, 2 , 万仕豪 1, 2 , 肖雨辰 1, 2 , 董明雷 1, 2 , 唐会毅 1, 2 , 吴保安 1, 2 , 黎学明 3
湿法冶金 | 综合评述 2024,43(1): 1-8
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湿法冶金 | 综合评述 2024, 43(1): 1-8
液相法制备超细铂及其复合粉的研究进展
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谭生1, 2, 3, 孙玲1, 2, 万伟建1, 2, 万仕豪1, 2, 肖雨辰1, 2, 董明雷1, 2, 唐会毅1, 2, 吴保安1, 2 , 黎学明3
作者信息
  • 1 重庆材料研究院有限公司, 重庆 400707
  • 2 国家仪表功能材料工程技术研究中心, 重庆 400707
  • 3 重庆大学 化学化工学院, 重庆 401331
  • 谭生(1984—),男,博士,工程师,主要研究方向为贵金属粉体材料制备及应用。

通讯作者:

吴保安(1981—),男,硕士,正高级工程师,主要研究方向为贵金属材料研发及应用。E-mail:
黎学明(1967—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为纳米结构功能材料。E-mail:
Research Progress on Preparation of Ultrafine Platinum and Its Composite Powder by Liquid Phase Method
Sheng TAN1, 2, 3, Ling SUN1, 2, Weijian WAN1, 2, Shihao WAN1, 2, Yuchen XIAO1, 2, Minglei DONG1, 2, Huiyi TANG1, 2, Baoan WU1, 2 , Xueming LI3
Affiliations
  • 1 Chongqing Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400707, China
  • 2 National Engineering Technology Research Center for Instrument Functional Materials, Chongqing 400707, China
  • 3 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
出版时间: 2024-02-20 doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.01.001
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铂及其复合粉因具有独特的性能,广泛应用于电子信息、能源、汽车等高端制造领域。随着我国高端装备制造业的高质量、快速发展,对铂及其复合粉性能提出了更高的要求,需求也日益增大。综述了目前制备铂及其复合粉应用最广泛的液相法的研究现状,重点总结了溶胶-凝胶法、水热法、微乳液法、液相化学还原法的研究进展,以及各制备方法的优势及面临的问题,并对铂等贵金属超细粉体的高效制备发展方向进行了展望。

铂粉  /  铂复合粉  /  超细  /  液相法  /  制备  /  研究进展  /  展望

Platinum and its composite powder are widely used in electronic information, energy, automotive and other high-end manufacturing fields, due to its unique performance. With the high-quality and rapid development of Chinese advanced equipment manufacturing industry, higher requirements are put forward for the performance of platinum and its composite powder, and the demand for dosage is increasing. In this paper, the most widely used liquid phase method for preparing platinum and its composite powder at home and abroad is reviewed. The research progress of sol-gel method, hydrothermal method, microemulsion method and liquid phase chemical reduction method for preparing platinum and its composite powder is summarized, and the advantages and problems of various method in the process of preparing precious metal powder are also summarized. The development direction of efficient preparation of platinum and other precious metals ultrafine powders is prospected.

platinum powder  /  platinum composite powder  /  ultrafine  /  liquid phase method  /  preparation  /  research progress  /  prospection
谭生, 孙玲, 万伟建, 万仕豪, 肖雨辰, 董明雷, 唐会毅, 吴保安, 黎学明. 液相法制备超细铂及其复合粉的研究进展. 湿法冶金, 2024 , 43 (1) : 1 -8 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.01.001
Sheng TAN, Ling SUN, Weijian WAN, Shihao WAN, Yuchen XIAO, Minglei DONG, Huiyi TANG, Baoan WU, Xueming LI. Research Progress on Preparation of Ultrafine Platinum and Its Composite Powder by Liquid Phase Method[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2024 , 43 (1) : 1 -8 . DOI: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.01.001
铂族金属资源有限且不可再生,截至2020年底,全球探明铂族金属储量为6.9万t,其中南非高居首位(6.2万t),其次为俄罗斯、津巴布韦和美国;我国铂族金属资源匮乏,探明储量约401 t,仅占全球储量的0.58%,而我国对铂族金属需求量大,对外依存度非常高,其中铂金属需求量达90%[1-2]。铂粉具有高熔点、高催化活性、良好的导电性与导热性、优异的耐腐蚀及高温抗氧化等特性,可广泛应用于电子信息、能源转化、汽车、水处理、大气净化、医疗等领域,是高端制造领域不可或缺的关键基础材料之一,具有极其重要的作用,被誉为“现代工业维他命”[3-11]。我国高端制造领域所需铂等贵金属粉体材料主要依赖于进口,属于“卡脖子”关键材料。为此,开展高性能贵金属铂粉高效制备技术研究,对提高贵金属利用率、降低成本、实现国产替代具有重要意义。
贵金属铂粉的制备方法主要包括气相法、固相法及液相法。气相法根据反应的类型差异,可分为物理气相沉积及化学气相沉积,主要是通过高频感应、等离子体等方式加温铂金属,使其经熔融、蒸发、冷却凝聚形成铂粉颗粒。采用该法制备的铂粉粒径分布窄、纯度高;但存在制备过程能耗高、条件苛刻、仪器设备精密、价格昂贵、制备效率低等问题[12]。固相法是固体粉体材料间直接进行反应制备粉体材料的方法,主要包括固相反应法、大塑性变形法、机械球磨法及非晶晶化法等,该法产量大、成本低、工艺相对简单,但产品形貌及粒径难以控制,如机械球磨后还须采用精细分级技术筛选规定尺寸的铂粉,易造成铂粉额外损耗,另外研磨介质还可能带来污染,降低铂粉纯度[13]。液相法是先将前驱体溶解在液体溶剂中形成均匀溶液,再通过复杂的物理化学变化制备一定形貌及粒径分布的颗粒,最后通过各种途径将粉体与液体分离,得到超细铂及其复合粉体。该法因具备工业化生产成本低、形貌及粒径分布可控、纯度高等优点,成为了目前制备贵金属微纳米粉体材料应用最广泛的方法之一。液相法制备超细铂粉的主要方法有溶胶-凝胶法、水热法、微乳液法、液相化学还原法等[14-15]。本文综述了液相法制备铂及其复合粉的国内外研究现状,旨在为超细铂粉等贵金属粉体的高效制备提供研究思路。
溶胶-凝胶法是在低温或温和条件下制备超细粉体材料的方法,将易水解的金属无机盐或金属醇盐与特定溶剂发生水解反应所生成的活性单体先聚合形成溶胶,之后逐渐凝胶化,凝胶再经干燥或烧结等后续处理即得到相应的微纳米粉体。与其他制备方法相比,溶胶-凝胶法具有可在较低温度条件制备粒度分布均匀、高纯度、高反应活性的微纳米粉体的技术优势,且工艺设备简单;但原料贵金属醇盐制备工艺复杂、价格昂贵,烘干后的凝胶颗粒烧结温度低,颗粒间烧结性差,干燥过程粉体收缩严重;而且影响溶胶-凝胶形成的因素复杂,所以在制备过程中批次稳定性难以有效控制[16-19]
Kim等[20]以Pt(C5H7O2)2及Ru(C5H7O2)3为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了具有高比表面积(136.9 g/m2)及良好催化活性的Pt-Ru催化剂,颗粒粒径<10 nm,催化活性高,可用于直接甲醇燃料电池。Suffredini等[21]同样以Pt(C5H7O2)2及Ru(C5H7O2)3为前驱体,将有机金属化合物溶胶与碳粉混合,在400 ℃下热处理1 h制备不同负载活性、高比表面积、高活性的阳极Pt-RuO2/C粉体,并用伏安法对甲醇的氧化活性进行了研究,结果表明,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的Pt-RuO2/C粉体催化活性高于相似商用催化剂负载的Pt-Ru复合粉体。Alyousef等[22-23]以(CH3)4NOH为配合剂,将Pt(C5H7O2)2、Ru(C5H7O2)3、Ir(C5H7O2)3和OsCl3进行配合,成功合成了均相非晶凝胶;非晶凝胶经热分解后去除热处理粉末中的碳质,合成了具有高比表面积(110~120 g/m2)的Pt(Ru,Os,Ir)固溶体纳米颗,粒径5~7 nm(图1)。研究结果表明,组分Pt(50%)-Ru(40%)-Os(10%)固溶体化学均匀性佳,具有最优的催化活性。Kadakia等[24]以Pt(C5H7O2)2、Ru(C5H7O2)3为Pt及Ru源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了高催化活性Pt-Ru复合纳米颗粒,粒径3~5 nm,表面积高达216.6 m2/g,可应用于直接甲醇燃料电池。
水热法是模拟自然界矿化过程中晶体生长,在高温高压条件下,以水作为反应介质,通过对密封高压釜加温加压,使在常温常压下难溶或不溶的物质发生反应、溶解并重结晶,进而制备微纳米粉体的方法。水热条件下,水不仅是溶剂,还是矿化剂,更是压力传递介质。由于在高温高压密封反应釜中,反应介质水的物理化学性质发生了很大变化,如蒸汽压变大、密度减小、表面张力减小、黏度减小、离子积增大等,因此创造了一种有别于常温常压条件的特殊物理化学反应条件,有利于一些在常温常压条件下难溶或不溶于水的前驱体溶解于水介质中并参与反应。水热反应过程中可控制反应前驱体的组分、浓度、pH、温度、加温速率及保温时间等试验条件,进而调控产物的粒径分布、微观形貌、结构组成[25-26]。相较于传统烧结制备微纳米粉体工艺,水热法所需温度较低,无需高温烧结即可直接获得结晶度高的粉体材料;在密封的反应釜中制备粉体,可有效避免反应物挥发,以及反应过程中引入杂质;同时,采用水热法制备的微纳米粉体材料具有分散性良好、不易团聚、纯度高、结晶度高、形貌及粒径可控等优势。但并非所有的晶体颗粒都能在水热环境中制备,如晶体结构、溶解度及温度系数、温度变化对反应中间产物的影响等因素都会直接决定采用水热法获得晶体颗粒的质量。水热反应是在密闭体系中进行,故难以观测颗粒的生长过程;此外,反应对设备的要求较高、依赖性较强,反应时间长,能耗高,生产效率较低[27-29]
Xia B.Y.等[30]将H2PtCl6溶液、KOH、乙二醇及DMF混合,磁力搅拌均匀后加入具有特氟龙内衬的高压釜中,在温度170 ℃下保温8 h后冷却至室温,收集黑色产物并使用乙醇及去离子水洗涤数次,干燥后得超薄Pt纳米线(3 nm),长度达10 nm;通过添加Au及Pd前驱体可控制其比例制备Pt-Au、Pt-Pd复合纳米线。景明俊等[31]采用水热法制备Pt掺杂TiO2催化剂,以丙烯为模型污染物,评价其可见光(λ≥420 nm)范围内的光催化活性。结果表明:Pt-TiO2样品的晶粒尺寸随水热温度升高而逐渐增大,具有明显的可见光光催化降解丙烯的活性;于160 ℃下水热处理所制备Pt-TiO2活性最高(图2)。Rana等[32]以H2PtCl6·6H2O为前驱体,于170 ℃下采用水热反应8 h制备了具有高暴露<111>面的四面体结构、粒径10 nm的Pt纳米颗粒,通过负载碳先锚定了Pt纳米颗粒,阻止定向附着形成纳米线。结果表明,水热反应过程中原位生成胺对Pt纳米颗粒的稳定性至关重要,可将其除去暴露<111>面,提高对甲醇、甲酸氧化反应的稳定性及电催化活性。Zhang Z.C.等[33]以H2PtCl6为前驱体,PVP作为表面活性剂、稳定剂及还原剂,甘氨酸作为表面调节剂及助还原剂,于200 ℃下水热反应6 h制备了高指数表面的凹面Pt纳米立方体颗粒,与商业化的Pt/C催化剂相比,其对甲醇及甲酸的电化学氧化反应表现出更高的催化活性。Matthew等[34]采用水热法制备了Pt、PtPd(25%)、PtPd(50%)、PtPd(75%)、Pd不同组分的纳米颗粒,由于Pd加入增强了Pt的催化活性,对比研究发现,PtPd(50%)纳米颗粒对甲醇的电化催化活性最高。
水热法可提高反应物在水介质中的溶解度,但部分有机物难溶于水。溶剂热法是以有机溶剂替代水作反应介质,制备方法与水热法基本一致,可在相对较低压力和温度条件下制备粒径均匀可控的纳米颗粒,极大拓宽了水热法的应用领域。反应前驱体分散于超临界或液相条件下参与反应,一般反应速率低,过程较缓慢,易于控制晶体生成和生长速率,便于控制颗粒尺寸、形貌及物相、分散性[35]。Xia B.Y.等[36]将H2PtCl6和油胺溶于DMF中,研究了通过溶剂热法制备Pt纳米架,结果表明:纳米粒子的形貌可通过油胺加入量调节,油胺量为10%时可得Pt纳米立方体颗粒,增至20%时Pt纳米粒子开始转变为纳米架,超过40%时完全为Pt纳米架。Zhang Z.P.等[37]将PVP、甲酸铵、苯甲醇及贵金属前驱体(IrCl3·6H2O、RhCl3·3H2O、Ka2PtCl6)溶剂混合,于140 ℃下热处理24 h,通过构建贵金属前驱体与苯甲醇间的固-液界面,诱导前驱体还原且发生各向异性生长,制备系列铂系金属纳米片(Ir、Rh、Ir-Rh及Pt-Rh),超薄铂系金属纳米片将硝基苯还原为氧化偶氮苯的催化反应中表现出良好的催化活性及选择性。
微乳液通常由水相、有机相、表面活性剂及助表面活性剂,以特定比例混合而成,包括水包油型(O/W型)、油包水型(W/O型)及油水双连续型3种。微乳液法是在表面活性剂作用下使互不相溶的液体形成各向异性、热力学相对稳定、均匀分散的混合体系,与一般的乳液相比,微乳液分散液滴尺寸小(直径为5~100 nm),界面张力小,热力学稳定性高。微乳液体系以每个高度分散的微液滴为反应单元,有效避免了反应物浓度局部过饱和状态,控制了微细颗粒成核及生长过程;微液滴尺寸可直接影响所制备纳米颗粒尺寸,因此,通过调节微乳液体系组分配比,进而调节微反应器形态及大小,实现对所制备微细颗粒的尺寸控制,同时可避免颗粒间发生团聚、提升分散性。由于微乳液体系组分复杂,表面活性剂及助表面活性剂表面能低,易吸附于所制备贵金属微细颗粒表面而难以除去,会在一定程度上影响产物纯度及催化反应活性[38-41]
章莉娟等[42]采用TritonX-100/正戊醇(质量比1/1)/环己烷/水微乳液体系,制备粒径为10 nm Pt纳米粒子,结果表明,Pt纳米粒子粒径随水与表面活性剂物质的量比、H2PtCl6浓度增大而增大,而表面活性剂浓度、还原剂浓度及pH变化对粒子大小影响较小。牛连勇[43]提出了一种用微乳液制备Pt-Ru-Ti复合纳米颗粒的方法,将H2PtCl6溶液加入十六烷基三甲基溴化铵及甲苯混合液中,搅拌形成悬浊液;加入碱液后再向悬浊液中加入TiCl3溶液,搅拌得淡黄色混合液,之后继续加入RuCl3溶液,搅拌得黑色微乳液;将上述微乳液经离心、洗涤、干燥后制得Pt-Ru-Ti复合纳米颗粒。朱云庆等[44]以H2PtCl6、RuCl3、IrCl2为原料,提出了一种微乳液法制备Pt-Ir-Ru复合纳米颗粒的方法,该法能耗低,操作简单,可有效调控活性组分成分,显著增强电极材料的氧化性及导电性。Charles等[45]采用超声辅助微乳液法,通过改变水/油比、水/表面活性剂比、反应物浓度及pH等制备了粒径3~17 nm的PtCo纳米颗粒(图3),方法稳定可控。
液相化学还原法是制备贵金属微纳米粉体最常用的方法之一,通过将贵金属前驱体溶液与分散剂混合均匀,再与还原剂混合液相化学还原制备微细粉体。在常温常压条件下通过改变还原剂与前驱体浓度和种类、反应温度、pH等工艺参数,实现对粉体形貌及粒径的控制,工艺过程简单经济,效率高,易实现大规模工业化生产。常用的可溶性铂前驱体包括H2PtCl6、Na2PtCl6、K2PtCl6等;常用的还原剂包括硼氢化钠、水合肼、抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲醛、有机胺盐、多元醇及氢气等;常用的分散剂包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、乙二醇、油酸、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵等。分散剂吸附在贵金属颗粒表面,通过同种电荷排斥原理或高分子空间位阻效应,防止超细颗粒团聚,从而保证微纳米粉体稳定分散于液相环境。液相化学还原法可在常温常压下进行,对试验设备要求较低,生产成本低,还可通过调控反应条件有效制备粒径分布窄、纯度高、分散性好的贵金属超细粉体,具有明显的工业应用优势[46-51]
万仕豪等[52]以水合肼为还原剂,采用液相化学还原法,通过控制铂前驱体及还原剂水合肼浓度、温度等因素,制备了粒径0.5~4 μm、振实密度5.0~8.0 g/mL、分散性良好的微米级球形Pt粉,该法具有稳定、可控等优点。Farrell等[53]以抗坏血酸为还原剂,液相化学还原[Pt(NH3)6]4+制备均匀分布的微米级球形Pt粉,通过改变分散剂及其用量可有效调节Pt粉粒径在0.2~0.8 μm之间,研究结果表明,微米级Pt粉是由粒径为6 nm的纳米颗粒团聚而成,对比XRD图谱可知,通过热处理可增加Pt粉结晶度(图4)。Wang Y.等[54]将NaOH的乙二醇溶液与H2PtCl6的乙二醇溶液混合,在氩气惰性气氛中加热回流制备了Pt纳米颗粒,平均粒径1.1~1.3 nm。Tan Y.W.等[55]以酒石酸氢钾为还原剂,PVP为分散剂制备Pt纳米颗粒,粒径可控制在1 nm左右。Wang Z.B.等[56]以甲醛为还原剂,H2PtCl6、RuCl3为前驱体,炭黑为载体,采用液相化学还原法制备直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)阳极Pt-Ru/C纳米颗粒电催化剂,用不同的缓冲溶液(CH3COONa-NaOH,C6H5Na3O7-NaOH,Na2CO3-NaHCO3)调节还原溶液pH,结果表明,在C6H5Na3O7-NaOH溶液中所制备Pt-Ru/C纳米颗粒粒径相对较小(4.3 nm),在炭黑中分布较均匀,对甲醇电氧化催化活性及稳定性最好。Miyake等[57]以水合肼为还原剂,在水溶液中通过控制铂前驱体离子($\mathrm{PtCl}_{4}^{2-}$)还原速率,并加入形貌调控剂(I-)及PAA,制备Pt立方体颗粒,粒径可控制在7~10 nm。Garcia等[58]以PVP为分散剂,HAuCl4、H2PtCl6为前驱体,乙二醇为还原剂,采用液相化学还原法制备Pt-Au纳米颗粒。结果表明:温度不仅会影响其还原及形核速率,还会影响其与分散剂的结合、纳米颗粒中元素分布及颗粒尺寸;较低温度(110 ℃)条件下,Au还原及形核速率大于Pt还原及形核速率,难以制备Pt-Au合金颗粒,120 ℃条件下,Au与Pt还原、形核速率达到平衡,130~170 ℃条件下,可形成Pt-Au结构的二元金属纳米颗粒。
液相法是目前工业上应用最广泛的生产超细铂及其复合粉的方法之一。其中,溶胶-凝胶法原料贵金属醇盐价格昂贵且溶胶-凝胶影响因素复杂,干燥过程粉体收缩严重;水热法需在高温高压环境中进行,对设备依赖性强,能耗高,反应周期长,产率低下;微乳液法制备Pt及其超细复合粉体过程中使用的表面活性剂及助表面活性剂等难以彻底分离,吸附于贵金属颗粒表面,影响其纯度及催化反应活性。上述方法主要用于制备纳米尺寸Pt及其复合粉体材料;而液相化学还原法工艺流程简单、对生产设备要求低,通过灵活调节物料配比及反应条件可在常温常压下制备/生产粒径分布窄、纯度高的纳米及微米尺寸的Pt及其复合粉体,生产效率高、能耗低,相比于上述方法具有显著应用优势,未来可能成为超细贵金属粉制备/生产的主要方法。
目前,针对超细Pt及其复合粉体的研究重点主要集中在纳米尺寸Pt粉或将其负载于各种载体,重点用于催化反应及其提升催化活性等方面;而针对微米级Pt及其复合粉体的研究相对较少,工业应用更加匮乏,且对于粉体制备过程中,从还原产生Pt原子至形核、晶核长大、团聚形成微米级Pt粉的演变过程的热力学及动力学规律尚未进行全面深入分析,这些方面有待进一步研究,为Pt等贵金属粉及其复合粉体的高效制备提供理论基础及研究思路,拓展贵金属铂及其复合粉体应用领域。
  • 重庆市技术创新与发展专项重点项目(CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0026)
  • 重庆市博士后基金资助项目(CSTB2023NSCQ-BHX0071)
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2024年第43卷第1期
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doi: 10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2024.01.001
  • 接收时间:2023-10-11
  • 首发时间:2025-09-10
  • 出版时间:2024-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-11
基金
重庆市技术创新与发展专项重点项目(CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0026)
重庆市博士后基金资助项目(CSTB2023NSCQ-BHX0071)
作者信息
    1 重庆材料研究院有限公司, 重庆 400707
    2 国家仪表功能材料工程技术研究中心, 重庆 400707
    3 重庆大学 化学化工学院, 重庆 401331

通讯作者:

吴保安(1981—),男,硕士,正高级工程师,主要研究方向为贵金属材料研发及应用。E-mail:
黎学明(1967—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为纳米结构功能材料。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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