Article(id=1309635424109298371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, issueId=1309635381402894744, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3724/2097-213X.2025.JFCT.0017, pmid=null, cstr=32157.14.2097-213X.2025.JFCT.0131, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749484800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-10, revisedDate=1751212800000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-30, acceptedDate=1751904000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-07-08, onlineDate=1790171016956, onlineDateStr=2026-09-23, pubDate=1767196800000, pubDateStr=2026-01-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790171016956, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790171016956, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790171016956, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1309635381402894744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, year='2026', volume='54', issue='1', pageStart='20250108-1', pageEnd='20250281-145', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767196800000', pubDateStr='2026-01-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790171006774, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790213085519, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1309811872514273799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, issueId=1309635381402894744, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1309811872514273800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, issueId=1309635381402894744, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=20250137-80, endPage=20250137-94, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1309635424247710404, articleId=1309635424109298371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, language=EN, title=Study on the slurry forming performance of coal water slurry based on the analysis of coal/coke composition and structure, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Considering that coal quality is a key factor affecting the performance of coal water slurry (CWS), in this research, the composition and structure of five coal samples from the Xinjiang-Zhundong coal B2, B3, B5, Heishan coal (HS), Hongshaquan coal (HSQ) and Naomaohu coke (XTJ)-were analyzed, aiming to investigate the influence mechanisms of single coals and coal/coke blending on slurryability. The results showed that the HS, characterized by the aromatic carbon skeleton dominated by 2−3 rings, exhibited low oxygen content and few hydrophilic phenolic hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl groups, which contributed to its superior slurry performance compared to other coal samples. Even at a remarkably high slurry concentration of 70.98%, the apparent viscosity remained as low as 858 mPa·s. In contrast, B3 and B5 exhibited poor slurry performance due to their abundant oxygen-containing functional groups and strong hydrophilicity, which reduced free water content in the slurry. Additionally, the high content of adsorbed water indicated a thicker hydration film on coal particle surfaces, hindering dispersant adsorption. The addition of 20% HS/XTJ to B5 disrupted the three-dimensional network structure formed by clustered particles and covered the oxygen-containing functional groups. This process not only released previously encapsulated water but also reduced hydration layer thickness. Consequently, free water content increased within the slurry, enhancing dispersant performance. These effects collectively increased coal slurry concentration by approximately 2.40% (reaching 59.00%), reduced apparent viscosity by ~40%, and improved fluidity to an A+ rating.

, authors=Wen LI1, Mei ZHONG1, *, Yin YU1, 2, Zhenghua DAI1, 3, Yang LIU1, *, Lijun JIN1, 4, Hui ZHAO3, Sai XIONG5, authorsList=Wen LI, Mei ZHONG, Yin YU, Zhenghua DAI, Yang LIU, Lijun JIN, Hui ZHAO, Sai XIONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Mei ZHONG, Yang LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1309635431789069050, articleId=1309635424109298371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, language=CN, title=基于煤/焦组成和结构解析的水煤浆成浆性能研究, columnId=1309584910000677174, journalTitle=燃料化学学报(中英文), columnName=RESEARCH PAPER, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

煤质是影响水煤浆成浆性能的关键,因此,本工作解析了新疆五种煤样(准东煤B2、B3、B5、黑山煤HS和红沙泉煤HSQ)及淖毛湖焦粉(XTJ)的组成结构,探究单一煤种与配煤/焦对成浆性能的影响。结果表明,HS芳香碳骨架以2−3环为主,且氧含量低,亲水性酚羟基、羰基和羧基少,其成浆性能优于其他煤样,即使成浆浓度高达70.98%,表观黏度也仅为858 mPa·s。B3和B5则因含氧官能团丰富、亲水性强,导致浆体中游离水低,同时,吸附水含量高使得煤颗粒表面的水化膜厚,阻碍了分散剂的吸附,因而成浆性能明显差。B5中添加20%的HS/XTJ,破坏了B5颗粒团簇形成的三维网络结构,并覆盖其表面的含氧官能团,不仅释放原本包裹的水,还削弱了水化膜厚度,使得浆体中游离水增加,分散剂的作用效果提升,因而煤浆浓度提高约2.40%,达到59.00 %,表观黏度降低约40%,流动性亦提升至A+。

, authors=李雯1, 钟梅1, *, 俞音1, 2, 代正华1, 3, 刘洋1, *, 靳立军1, 4, 赵辉3, 熊赛5, authorsList=李雯, 钟梅, 俞音, 代正华, 刘洋, 靳立军, 赵辉, 熊赛, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=钟梅, 刘洋, authorNote=

李雯(2000),硕士研究生,研究方向为水煤浆分散剂研制,

钟梅(1981),博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为低阶煤热转化与油品高值化,

刘洋(1991),博士,副教授,研究方向为含碳资源热化学转化及反应器结构优化,

, correspAuthorsNote=
Tel: 13669931725, E-mail:
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figureFileBig=ogMKK4PtrIudtGRN4VFDZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309635437786923852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, articleId=1309635424109298371, language=CN, label=图7, caption=水煤浆的流变特性:表观黏度-剪切速率曲线(a)、(b)及剪切速率-剪切应力曲线(c)、(d), figureFileSmall=6v4mZjrWz9COVAru5lAMbw==, figureFileBig=ogMKK4PtrIudtGRN4VFDZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309635439498199885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, articleId=1309635424109298371, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Contact angles of coal and mixed samples: without dispersant (a) and with dispersant modification (b), figureFileSmall=4vD14H57D247J3JM/HcwpA==, figureFileBig=dtGIhCcxqIXrCF97N8aiRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309635439569503054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, articleId=1309635424109298371, language=CN, label=图8, caption=煤/混合样的接触角:无分散剂(a)和分散剂改性(b), figureFileSmall=4vD14H57D247J3JM/HcwpA==, figureFileBig=dtGIhCcxqIXrCF97N8aiRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309635439640806223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, articleId=1309635424109298371, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Transverse relaxation time (τ2) spectrum (a), (b) and water fractions by state in CWS (c), (d), figureFileSmall=lM8TEQJFQQtvkzwbg53suA==, figureFileBig=wGc8OiP/bX9gvlNGjwhg0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309635439703720784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, articleId=1309635424109298371, language=CN, label=图9, caption=水煤浆的横向弛豫时间(τ2)谱图(a)、(b)及不同状态水的占比(c)、(d), figureFileSmall=lM8TEQJFQQtvkzwbg53suA==, figureFileBig=wGc8OiP/bX9gvlNGjwhg0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309635439775023953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, articleId=1309635424109298371, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Co-slurrying mechanism of blended raw materials, figureFileSmall=yfhNsceap8JQoc2V9jtKQg==, figureFileBig=wAeoFYc02iaCd3qMPtJ49g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309635439879881554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, articleId=1309635424109298371, language=CN, label=图10, caption=混配制浆作用机制示意图, figureFileSmall=yfhNsceap8JQoc2V9jtKQg==, figureFileBig=wAeoFYc02iaCd3qMPtJ49g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309635439951184723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, articleId=1309635424109298371, language=EN, label=Table1, caption=

Proximate and ultimate analyses of coal and coke samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleProximate analysis w/%Ultimate analysis wdaf/%Atomic ratio
MadAdVdaf ${\mathrm{FC}}_{\mathrm{daf}}^* $CHNSO*O/CH/C
ad: air dry basis;d: dry basis;daf: dry and ash-free basis;*: by difference.
B210.735.1133.0666.9476.364.300.753.6214.970.150.68
B39.185.9033.9366.0776.374.240.730.3718.290.180.67
B59.765.2133.7166.2974.313.530.720.4720.970.210.57
HSQ5.445.6230.8969.1175.143.360.900.3320.270.200.54
HS2.5510.2639.0061.0078.015.060.924.2211.790.110.78
XTJ3.8311.1112.9487.0686.521.481.270.779.960.090.21
), ArticleFig(id=1309635440026682196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, articleId=1309635424109298371, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

煤/焦的工业分析和元素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleProximate analysis w/%Ultimate analysis wdaf/%Atomic ratio
MadAdVdaf ${\mathrm{FC}}_{\mathrm{daf}}^* $CHNSO*O/CH/C
ad: air dry basis;d: dry basis;daf: dry and ash-free basis;*: by difference.
B210.735.1133.0666.9476.364.300.753.6214.970.150.68
B39.185.9033.9366.0776.374.240.730.3718.290.180.67
B59.765.2133.7166.2974.313.530.720.4720.970.210.57
HSQ5.445.6230.8969.1175.143.360.900.3320.270.200.54
HS2.5510.2639.0061.0078.015.060.924.2211.790.110.78
XTJ3.8311.1112.9487.0686.521.481.270.779.960.090.21
), ArticleFig(id=1309635440089596757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, articleId=1309635424109298371, language=EN, label=Table2, caption=

Ash composition analyses of coal and coke samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleAsh composition/%
SiO2Al2O3CaOMgOFe2O3K2ONa2OSO3TiO2others
B217.6515.5822.8518.312.030.585.2116.060.910.82
B314.529.2315.8113.3527.240.295.6712.310.361.22
B512.878.3819.6319.8213.650.336.4017.800.240.88
HSQ25.1715.9217.0312.155.860.494.5110.080.788.01
HS36.5022.1115.693.776.271.110.9512.280.800.52
XTJ17.9215.0328.653.8211.670.252.8113.350.406.10
), ArticleFig(id=1309635440160899926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, articleId=1309635424109298371, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

煤/焦的灰成分分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleAsh composition/%
SiO2Al2O3CaOMgOFe2O3K2ONa2OSO3TiO2others
B217.6515.5822.8518.312.030.585.2116.060.910.82
B314.529.2315.8113.3527.240.295.6712.310.361.22
B512.878.3819.6319.8213.650.336.4017.800.240.88
HSQ25.1715.9217.0312.155.860.494.5110.080.788.01
HS36.5022.1115.693.776.271.110.9512.280.800.52
XTJ17.9215.0328.653.8211.670.252.8113.350.406.10
), ArticleFig(id=1309635440236397399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, articleId=1309635424109298371, language=EN, label=Table3, caption=

Chemical shifts and molar contents corresponding to different types of carbons in 13C NMR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Chemical shiftCarbon typeSymbolMolar content/%
B2B3B5HSQHSXTJ
13−16RCH3falM5.563.093.436.047.901.72
16−21ArCH3falA3.952.882.703.183.531.83
21−38CH2falH8.5310.988.559.699.202.65
38−50CH, CfalD7.008.038.426.6011.417.43
50−100CH3OCH2−falO4.364.585.924.137.355.86
100−129protonated aromatic carbonfaH31.9236.8434.2435.8526.5437.56
129−139bridgehead carbonsfaB11.288.889.9411.0711.3217.61
139−150alkylated aromatic carbonfaS8.025.886.716.337.437.19
150−164Ar−OfaP5.595.375.735.728.056.68
164−190COOHfaC12.764.194.671.89−−
190−210C=OfaC211.039.289.699.507.2711.47
), ArticleFig(id=1309635440303506264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, articleId=1309635424109298371, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

13C NMR中不同类型碳对应的化学位移及摩尔含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Chemical shiftCarbon typeSymbolMolar content/%
B2B3B5HSQHSXTJ
13−16RCH3falM5.563.093.436.047.901.72
16−21ArCH3falA3.952.882.703.183.531.83
21−38CH2falH8.5310.988.559.699.202.65
38−50CH, CfalD7.008.038.426.6011.417.43
50−100CH3OCH2−falO4.364.585.924.137.355.86
100−129protonated aromatic carbonfaH31.9236.8434.2435.8526.5437.56
129−139bridgehead carbonsfaB11.288.889.9411.0711.3217.61
139−150alkylated aromatic carbonfaS8.025.886.716.337.437.19
150−164Ar−OfaP5.595.375.735.728.056.68
164−190COOHfaC12.764.194.671.89−−
190−210C=OfaC211.039.289.699.507.2711.47
), ArticleFig(id=1309635440379003737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, articleId=1309635424109298371, language=EN, label=Table4, caption=

Relative content of each functional group in coal and coke samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Band position
/cm−1
Functional
group
Relative content/%Ratio (AFunctional group/AC=C)
B2B3B5HSQHSXTJB2B3B5HSQHSXTJ
3525OH−π22.2414.5016.5220.4333.9524.380.140.130.130.150.240.19
3390OH−OH38.4845.6844.7112.4520.4235.940.240.420.350.090.140.28
3293OH−O16.2415.8117.1831.5224.3916.470.100.140.130.230.170.13
3173cyclic OH19.2319.5318.131.5118.3720.960.120.180.140.230.130.16
3050OH−N3.814.483.494.092.872.250.020.040.030.030.020.02
Total −OH0.620.910.780.720.700.77
1710COO4.176.666.85.71.240.220.160.320.310.250.050.01
1698C=O6.417.876.877.133.801.510.250.380.320.310.150.25
1589C=C25.3820.5421.5923.2426.0519.591.001.001.001.001.001.00
1442CH2, CH39.7714.4110.086.8210.069.190.380.700.470.290.390.23
1380CH3−Ar, R12.0010.4212.9714.118.577.320.470.510.600.610.330.33
1330−1030C−O31.3528.8130.2732.1929.0230.101.241.401.401.391.110.54
1005Si−O10.9211.2911.4210.8121.2632.070.430.550.530.460.821.42
Total oxygen containing functional groups (−OH+COO+C=O+C−O)2.273.022.812.662.011.57
), ArticleFig(id=1309635440475472730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, articleId=1309635424109298371, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

煤/焦中各官能团的相对含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Band position
/cm−1
Functional
group
Relative content/%Ratio (AFunctional group/AC=C)
B2B3B5HSQHSXTJB2B3B5HSQHSXTJ
3525OH−π22.2414.5016.5220.4333.9524.380.140.130.130.150.240.19
3390OH−OH38.4845.6844.7112.4520.4235.940.240.420.350.090.140.28
3293OH−O16.2415.8117.1831.5224.3916.470.100.140.130.230.170.13
3173cyclic OH19.2319.5318.131.5118.3720.960.120.180.140.230.130.16
3050OH−N3.814.483.494.092.872.250.020.040.030.030.020.02
Total −OH0.620.910.780.720.700.77
1710COO4.176.666.85.71.240.220.160.320.310.250.050.01
1698C=O6.417.876.877.133.801.510.250.380.320.310.150.25
1589C=C25.3820.5421.5923.2426.0519.591.001.001.001.001.001.00
1442CH2, CH39.7714.4110.086.8210.069.190.380.700.470.290.390.23
1380CH3−Ar, R12.0010.4212.9714.118.577.320.470.510.600.610.330.33
1330−1030C−O31.3528.8130.2732.1929.0230.101.241.401.401.391.110.54
1005Si−O10.9211.2911.4210.8121.2632.070.430.550.530.460.821.42
Total oxygen containing functional groups (−OH+COO+C=O+C−O)2.273.022.812.662.011.57
), ArticleFig(id=1309635440542581595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, articleId=1309635424109298371, language=EN, label=Table5, caption=

Forms and relative contents of C and O in coal and coke samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Element formChemical shiftMolar content/%
B2B3B5HSQHSXTJ
CC=C/C−C/C−H284.673.7865.5767.1469.0975.8579.74
C−O285.813.4419.6018.6817.2912.508.18
C=O287.18.098.817.438.006.917.69
O−C=O289.04.696.026.755.624.744.39
OC−O532.655.3553.6549.7060.1755.6358.45
C=O531.423.5026.1129.3620.6226.7327.78
O−C=O533.821.1520.2420.9419.2117.6413.77
), ArticleFig(id=1309635440613884764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, articleId=1309635424109298371, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

煤/焦中C和O的赋存形式及相对含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Element formChemical shiftMolar content/%
B2B3B5HSQHSXTJ
CC=C/C−C/C−H284.673.7865.5767.1469.0975.8579.74
C−O285.813.4419.6018.6817.2912.508.18
C=O287.18.098.817.438.006.917.69
O−C=O289.04.696.026.755.624.744.39
OC−O532.655.3553.6549.7060.1755.6358.45
C=O531.423.5026.1129.3620.6226.7327.78
O−C=O533.821.1520.2420.9419.2117.6413.77
), ArticleFig(id=1309635440697770845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, articleId=1309635424109298371, language=EN, label=Table6, caption=

Experimental evaluation of pulpability in CWSs produced from different raw materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleViscosity/(mPa·s−1)LiquidityStability/(48 h)
water separation ratio/%sedimentation state
B2528A+1.11B+, a small amount of soft sediment
B31353C0.15C, a large amount of hard sediment
B51332B−0.19B−, a large amount of soft sediment
HSQ951A+0.48A, no sediment
HS77A+4.80A, no sediment
85B5-15HS993A+0.04A, no sediment
80B5-20HS769A+0.09A, no sediment
85B5-15XTJ977A−0.03B+, a small amount of soft sediment
80B5-20XTJ855A0.02A, no sediment
), ArticleFig(id=1309635440760685406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, articleId=1309635424109298371, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同原料的成浆性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleViscosity/(mPa·s−1)LiquidityStability/(48 h)
water separation ratio/%sedimentation state
B2528A+1.11B+, a small amount of soft sediment
B31353C0.15C, a large amount of hard sediment
B51332B−0.19B−, a large amount of soft sediment
HSQ951A+0.48A, no sediment
HS77A+4.80A, no sediment
85B5-15HS993A+0.04A, no sediment
80B5-20HS769A+0.09A, no sediment
85B5-15XTJ977A−0.03B+, a small amount of soft sediment
80B5-20XTJ855A0.02A, no sediment
), ArticleFig(id=1309635440831988575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, articleId=1309635424109298371, language=EN, label=Table7, caption=

Rheological parameter values of CWS fitted by Herschel-Bulkley model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sampleτy/PaK/(Pa·sn)nR2
B201.000.860.998
B310.291.550.950.999
B525.940.451.190.994
HSQ02.030.840.998
HS00.280.720.993
85B5-15HS4.881.600.890.997
80B5-20HS02.000.800.996
85B5-15XTJ8.630.681.060.999
80B5-20XTJ0.241.400.890.999
), ArticleFig(id=1309635440903291744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, articleId=1309635424109298371, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

Herschel-Bulkley模型拟合CWS的流变参数值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sampleτy/PaK/(Pa·sn)nR2
B201.000.860.998
B310.291.550.950.999
B525.940.451.190.994
HSQ02.030.840.998
HS00.280.720.993
85B5-15HS4.881.600.890.997
80B5-20HS02.000.800.996
85B5-15XTJ8.630.681.060.999
80B5-20XTJ0.241.400.890.999
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基于煤/焦组成和结构解析的水煤浆成浆性能研究
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李雯 1 , 钟梅 1, * , 俞音 1, 2 , 代正华 1, 3 , 刘洋 1, * , 靳立军 1, 4 , 赵辉 3 , 熊赛 5
燃料化学学报(中英文) | RESEARCH PAPER 2026,54(1): 20250137-80-20250137-94
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燃料化学学报(中英文) |RESEARCH PAPER 2026 , 54 (1) : 20250137-80 -20250137-94
基于煤/焦组成和结构解析的水煤浆成浆性能研究
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李雯1 , 钟梅1, * , 俞音1, 2, 代正华1, 3, 刘洋1, * , 靳立军1, 4, 赵辉3, 熊赛5
作者信息
  • 1新疆大学化工学院 省部共建碳基能源资源化学与利用国家重点实验室 新疆煤炭清洁转化与化工过程重点实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830017
  • 2自治区生态环境科学研究院, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 3华东理工大学 国家能源煤气化技术研发中心 上海煤气化工程技术研究中心, 上海 200237
  • 4大连理工大学化工学院 精细化工国家重点实验室 煤化工研究所, 辽宁 大连 116024
  • 5新疆天池能源有限责任公司, 新疆 昌吉 831500
通讯作者:
Tel: 13669931725, E-mail:
作者简介:

李雯(2000),硕士研究生,研究方向为水煤浆分散剂研制,

钟梅(1981),博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为低阶煤热转化与油品高值化,

刘洋(1991),博士,副教授,研究方向为含碳资源热化学转化及反应器结构优化,

Study on the slurry forming performance of coal water slurry based on the analysis of coal/coke composition and structure
Wen LI1 , Mei ZHONG1, * , Yin YU1, 2, Zhenghua DAI1, 3, Yang LIU1, * , Lijun JIN1, 4, Hui ZHAO3, Sai XIONG5
Affiliations
  • 1Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, School of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, China
  • 2Xinjiang Academy of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
  • 3National Energy Coal Gasification Technology Research and Development Center of East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Coal Gasification, Shanghai 200237, China
  • 4State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Coal Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
  • 5Xinjiang Tianchi Energy Co., Ltd, Changji 831500, China
出版时间: 2026-01-01 doi: 10.3724/2097-213X.2025.JFCT.0017
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煤质是影响水煤浆成浆性能的关键,因此,本工作解析了新疆五种煤样(准东煤B2、B3、B5、黑山煤HS和红沙泉煤HSQ)及淖毛湖焦粉(XTJ)的组成结构,探究单一煤种与配煤/焦对成浆性能的影响。结果表明,HS芳香碳骨架以2−3环为主,且氧含量低,亲水性酚羟基、羰基和羧基少,其成浆性能优于其他煤样,即使成浆浓度高达70.98%,表观黏度也仅为858 mPa·s。B3和B5则因含氧官能团丰富、亲水性强,导致浆体中游离水低,同时,吸附水含量高使得煤颗粒表面的水化膜厚,阻碍了分散剂的吸附,因而成浆性能明显差。B5中添加20%的HS/XTJ,破坏了B5颗粒团簇形成的三维网络结构,并覆盖其表面的含氧官能团,不仅释放原本包裹的水,还削弱了水化膜厚度,使得浆体中游离水增加,分散剂的作用效果提升,因而煤浆浓度提高约2.40%,达到59.00 %,表观黏度降低约40%,流动性亦提升至A+。

水煤浆  /  成浆性  /  组成结构  /  流变行为  /  水分布

Considering that coal quality is a key factor affecting the performance of coal water slurry (CWS), in this research, the composition and structure of five coal samples from the Xinjiang-Zhundong coal B2, B3, B5, Heishan coal (HS), Hongshaquan coal (HSQ) and Naomaohu coke (XTJ)-were analyzed, aiming to investigate the influence mechanisms of single coals and coal/coke blending on slurryability. The results showed that the HS, characterized by the aromatic carbon skeleton dominated by 2−3 rings, exhibited low oxygen content and few hydrophilic phenolic hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl groups, which contributed to its superior slurry performance compared to other coal samples. Even at a remarkably high slurry concentration of 70.98%, the apparent viscosity remained as low as 858 mPa·s. In contrast, B3 and B5 exhibited poor slurry performance due to their abundant oxygen-containing functional groups and strong hydrophilicity, which reduced free water content in the slurry. Additionally, the high content of adsorbed water indicated a thicker hydration film on coal particle surfaces, hindering dispersant adsorption. The addition of 20% HS/XTJ to B5 disrupted the three-dimensional network structure formed by clustered particles and covered the oxygen-containing functional groups. This process not only released previously encapsulated water but also reduced hydration layer thickness. Consequently, free water content increased within the slurry, enhancing dispersant performance. These effects collectively increased coal slurry concentration by approximately 2.40% (reaching 59.00%), reduced apparent viscosity by ~40%, and improved fluidity to an A+ rating.

coal water slurry  /  slurry ability  /  composition and structure  /  rheological behavior  /  water distribution
李雯, 钟梅, 俞音, 代正华, 刘洋, 靳立军, 赵辉, 熊赛. 基于煤/焦组成和结构解析的水煤浆成浆性能研究. 燃料化学学报(中英文), 2026 , 54 (1) : 20250137-80 -20250137-94 . DOI: 10.3724/2097-213X.2025.JFCT.0017
Wen LI, Mei ZHONG, Yin YU, Zhenghua DAI, Yang LIU, Lijun JIN, Hui ZHAO, Sai XIONG. Study on the slurry forming performance of coal water slurry based on the analysis of coal/coke composition and structure[J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 2026 , 54 (1) : 20250137-80 -20250137-94 . DOI: 10.3724/2097-213X.2025.JFCT.0017
新疆煤炭资源丰富,已探明储量4500亿吨[1],其中,低阶煤占80%以上,目前,主要用作燃料[2],存在高碳排放、低效率等问题[3]。水煤浆气化技术的碳转化率高[4],煤种适应性强[5],可协同处理废弃资源[6−7],是低阶煤清洁高效利用的主要方式之一。煤浆浓度是影响其气化效率和经济效益的关键因素[8],低阶煤的含水量高、孔隙结构丰富、化学组成复杂,致使其难以制成高浓度的气化水煤浆[9]。因此,提高此类煤的成浆性能对实现其高值化利用和减碳具有重要意义。
影响水煤浆成浆性能的因素众多,包括煤质特性[10−11]、粒度分布[12−13]、添加剂种类及用量[14−16]等,其中,煤质特性是核心[17]。研究人员采用水热提质、微波辐射预处理方法、混合制浆等方式调变低阶煤的表面物理化学性质或煤与水分子间的作用力,以改善CWS成浆性能。吴君宏[18]通过水热提质脱除褐煤中的水分和含氧官能团,改善煤表面的疏水性质,煤浆浓度达61.94%,比未处理时提高17.80%。Gu等[19]采用微波辐射对褐煤进行提质,以改善其成浆性能。结果表明,煤浆浓度随微波功率增加而增加,1100 W时为63.90%,较原煤提高14.41%,源于微波功率增加促使水分、羧基和羟基官能团的脱除,并伴随比表面积和孔体积增加、大孔向微孔和介孔转变的孔结构变化,增强了褐煤对分散剂的吸附特性。Gu等[20]发现,添加12%的煤直接液化残渣辅助褐煤共微波提质后,煤浆浓度由41.73%增至65.42%,且煤浆具有更高的假塑性和更好的稳定性。当用焦化废水代替清水制浆时,焦化废水中苯酚、间甲酚、邻甲酚、喹啉和吲哚等有机组分与分散剂结构相似,两者协同可将水煤浆的浓度提高0.8%[21]。Zhang等[22]使用柴油对低阶煤进行表面改性,其成浆浓度由70%提高至72%。这是由于煤油可增强煤粉表面疏水性,削弱煤与水分子的结合能力,使体系中的游离水增加,从而提高煤浆浓度。Yao等[12]在三峰级配的基础上利用第二流体(煤油)和第二颗粒(纳米CaCO3、纳米碳和超细石油焦)对神华煤进行表面改性,发现三峰级配下煤浆浓度由62%提升至65%,第二流体和第二颗粒的加入煤浆浓度进一步提高4%,流动性等级由A提高为A+,这是由于三峰级配提高了煤颗粒的堆积效率,而第二流体和第二颗粒吸附在煤粒表面形成的油膜层可覆盖其含氧官能团,进而提高其疏水性,并有效降低煤粒间的摩擦阻力。Li等[23]在内蒙古煤样中掺配10%的玉米秸秆炭,煤浆浓度提高14.24%,达61.66%。这是由于玉米秸秆炭的亲水性和电负性更强,能够抑制煤颗粒形成三维网络结构,提高颗粒间的静电斥力,进而促进煤颗粒的分散。当神华煤中引入微塑料(PET)时,PET较强的疏水性和静电斥力,以及近似球形的特征,可增强颗粒间相互吸引的能垒,削弱煤颗粒间及煤与PET间的相互作用力,有效阻碍煤颗粒的团聚,从而显著降低体系的表观黏度[24]。
基于上述分析可知,煤表面的物理化学性质不仅影响与水分子之间的相互作用[25],还与水煤浆添加剂调变煤粒表面的能力密切相关[26]。鉴于此,本工作以制得符合Ⅱ级气化水煤浆标准(最大成浆浓度为59.00%、表观黏度低于1300 mPa·s)为目标,采用工业分析与元素分析、XRF、13C NMR、FT-IR、XPS等表征新疆五种煤粉及淖毛湖焦粉的组成和结构,基于单一原料与混合原料的成浆行为及水煤浆性质分析,阐明煤样组成和结构与其成浆性能的关联规律,揭示混合制浆中不同原料的协同作用机制。
准东将军戈壁二号露天矿煤(B2、B3、B5)、黑山煤(HS)、红沙泉煤(HSQ)和淖毛湖焦粉(XTJ)由新疆天池能源有限公司提供。首先将样品破碎磨细筛分,得到不同粒径分布d1(180−425 μm)、d2(74−180 μm)和d3(0−74 μm)的样品,于105 ℃干燥12 h,待冷却后密封保存于干燥器中备用。萘系分散剂购自于浙江五龙新材股份有限公司。
样品的工业分析与元素分析见表1。由表1可知,B2、B3和B5的空干基含水量分别为10.73%、9.18%和9.76%,高于其他原料。B5和HSQ的氧含量在20%以上,O/C比高于0.2,五种煤中HS的氧含量和O/C最低,分别为11.79%和0.11。XTJ的固定碳含量(87.06%)最高,其氧含量和O/C与HS的较为接近。
灰成分分析表明(表2),HS的SiO2和Al2O3之和最高,为58.61%,其次是HSQ;B3和B5灰分中Fe2O3、CaO和MgO之和分别为56.40%和53.10%。此外,B2、B3、B5和HSQ中K、Na含量较高,均超过5%。
按照质量比d1∶d2∶d3=48∶12∶40进行煤样粒径级配,根据预设浓度称取一定量的煤样、水和分散剂(干基煤样的0.4%),将分散剂加入去离子水中,搅拌使其充分溶解后与煤样混合搅拌至呈浆状,再以800 r/min搅拌5 min,确保煤浆体系均质化。
水煤浆的固含量根据GB/T 18856.2—2002测定,采用NXS-4CP型水煤浆专用黏度计在20 °C下测量水煤浆的表观黏度和流变性能,在浆体流动性装置中评价浆体的流动性并评估等级:A级—线状流动;B级—滴状流动;C级—助外力流动;D级—不流动。将水煤浆装入100 mL量筒中,在25 °C下静置48 h,观察上层析出水的情况,根据析水率(上层析出水的质量与浆体总质量的比值)及浆体的沉淀状况评价煤浆稳定性。
(1)煤/焦结构
依据中国国标GB/T 212—2008测定煤/焦的工业分析,采用德国Vario Micro cube型号仪器分析元素含量;在荷兰帕纳科Zetium型号仪器上分析灰分组成,X射线光管采用Rh靶,测试激发最大功率4 kW,选择Omnian定性半定量程序测量。
样品的碳骨架结构由德国Bruker 400M核磁共振波谱仪测定。接触时间为4 ms、循环延迟时间为2 s,共振频率为100 MHz,自旋速率为10 kHz,由四甲基硅烷(TMS)进行标定。相关参数计算公式如下:
$ {f}_{{\mathrm{al}}}= f_{{\mathrm{al}}}^{\mathrm{M}}+ f_{{\mathrm{al}}}^{\mathrm{A}}+ f_{{\mathrm{al}}}^{\mathrm{H}}+ f_{{\mathrm{al}}}^{\mathrm{D}}+ f_{{\mathrm{al}}}^{\mathrm{O}} $
$ {f}_{{\mathrm{a}}}=f_{{\mathrm{a}}}^{\mathrm{H}}+ f_{\mathrm{a}}^{\mathrm{B}}+ f_{\mathrm{a}}^{\mathrm{S}}+ f_{\mathrm{a}}^{\mathrm{P}} $
$ {C}_{{\mathrm{n}}}= f_{{\mathrm{al}}}^{\mathrm{H}}/ f_{\mathrm{a}}^{\mathrm{S}} $
$ {X}_{{\mathrm{BP}}}= f_{\mathrm{a}}^{\mathrm{B}}/ ( f_{\mathrm{a}}^{\mathrm{H}}+ f_{\mathrm{a}}^{\mathrm{S}}+ f_{\mathrm{a}}^{\mathrm{P}}) $
在BRUKER VERTEX 70 RAMI型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪上测定样品的官能团。将样品和KBr按照1∶100的比例混合均匀并压片,测试条件:分辨率2 cm−1,扫描32次,扫描为4000−400 cm−1。
采用Boehm的化学滴定法测定样品的内酯基、羧基和酚羟基含量,具体步骤如下:在250 mL锥形瓶中加入1.0±0.0002 g样品,再分别加入25.00 mL 0.05 mol/L的Na2CO3、NaHCO3和NaOH溶液,密封后于25 ℃振荡24 h,经过滤、洗涤得到滤液,以溴甲酚绿-甲基红为指示剂,用HCl标准溶液滴定,根据酸消耗量计算出相应官能团的含量。每组重复三次,并做空白样。
$ \begin{split} & {n}\text{(NaOH)}\text{}\text=\text{}{c}\text{(NaOH)}\text{}{\times}\text{}{V}\text{(NaOH)}\text{}-\text{}{c}\text{(HCl)}\text{}{\times}\\&\qquad \text{}\text{[}{V}\text{(HCl)}\text{}-\text{}{{V}}_{\text{0}}\text{]}\text{}/{m}\end{split} $
$\begin{split} & {n}\text{(NaH}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\text{)}\text{}\text=\text{}{c}\text{(NaH}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\text{)}\text{}{\times}\text{}{V}(\text{NaH}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\text{)}-\text{}{c}\text{(HCl)}\text{}{\times}\\ &\qquad \text{}\text{[}{V}\text{(HCl)}\text{}-{\text{}{V}}_{\text{0}}\text{]/}\text{}{m}\end{split} $
$ \begin{split} & {n}\text{(}{\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\text{)}\text{}\text=\text{}{c}\text{(}{\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\text{)}\text{}{\times}\text{}{V}\text{(}{\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\text{)}\text{}-\text{}\text{1/2}\text{}{c}\text{(HCl)}\text{}{\times}\\&\qquad \text{}\text{[}{V}\text{(HCl)}\text{}-{\text{}{V}}_{\text{0}}\text{]/}\text{}{m}\end{split} $
$ {n}\text{(RCOOH)}\text{}\text=\text{}{n}\text{(NaH}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\text{)} $
$ {n}\text{(RCOOR)}\text{}\text=\text{}\text{2}{n}\text{(}{\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\text{)}\text{}-\text{}{n}\text{(NaH}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\text{)} $
$ {n}\text{(Ar}-\text{OH})\text{}\text=\text{}{n}\text{(NaOH)}\text{}-\text{}{2}\text{}{n}\text{(}{\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\text{)} $
(2)接触角
采用德国Data Physics OCA25型视频光学接触角测量仪分析样品表面的亲疏水特性。取1 g样品在20 MPa压力下压成直径2 cm、厚度2 mm的圆片,滴加4 μL去离子水后,测定样品与水界面的瞬间接触角。
(3)水的类型分布
采用苏州纽迈分析仪器股份有限公司的MesoMR12-040V中尺寸核磁共振成像分析仪测定煤浆中水的类型分布,参数如下:共振频率12 MHz,磁体强度0.25 T,线圈直径为32 mm,磁体温度32 ℃,根据样品中氢元素的状态及含量来表征煤浆中水的状态。
图1给出了煤/焦样的 13C NMR谱图及分峰拟合曲线,根据式(1)−(4)计算得到其结构参数,见表3和图2。由图1可知,各样品的芳香碳(fa,90−165)含量均最高,羰基/羧基碳(faC,190−210)的含量最低[27−28]。由图2(a)和表3可知,HS的脂碳率fal最高(39.39%),芳碳率最低(53.34%),XTJ则相反,两者分别为19.49%和69.04%,且两者无羧基碳,B3和B5的羧基碳相对占比较高,分别为4.19%和4.67%。
脂肪碳可分为甲基碳(falM和faA)、非甲基碳(falH和faD)和氧接碳(faO)[29]。B2、B3、B5、HSQ、HS和XTJ甲基碳含量分别为9.51%、5.97%、6.13%、9.22%、11.43%和3.55%,说明B2、HSQ和HS中短链脂肪烃含量较高。Cn表示平均亚甲基链长[30],从图2(b)可看出,XTJ的Cn值低于煤样,这是其原煤在热解过程中侧链和桥键断裂所致。于煤样而言,B3的平均碳链最长,B2则最短,Cn值分别为1.87和1.06。B2、B3、B5、HSQ、HS和XTJ中反映芳香环缩合程度的XBP值分别为0.25、0.18、0.21、0.23、0.27和0.34,意味着前四种煤结构中的芳香核以苯(XBP=0)和萘(XBP=0.25)为主,HS和XTJ则以萘(XBP=0.25)和蒽(XBP=0.40)为主[31−32],表明后两者芳香环的缩合程度更高,结构更为致密,这有利于分散剂的萘环结构在煤颗粒表面上紧密吸附,进而提高煤粒在水中的分散程度。脂肪链烃和芳香环均属疏水性结构[33],B2、B3、B5、HSQ、HS和XTJ的脂肪链烃(−CH3、−CH2−)含量分别为18.04%、16.95%、14.68%、18.91%、20.63%和6.20%;XTJ中的芳香C=C(faB)占比最高,为17.61%,B3和B5最少,分别为8.88%和9.94%,意味着B3和B5的疏水性相对较差,成浆时会过多吸附水,造成浆中起流动作用的水相对含量减少,于成浆不利。
图3为煤/焦的红外光谱谱图。3690和3616 cm−1的特征吸收峰对应于黏土矿物中的吸附水[34],1100、1030和470 cm−1处分别为Si−O的反对称伸缩振动峰、对称伸缩振动峰和弯曲振动峰,539 cm−1处对应于Si−O−Al的吸收峰[35],HS在上述位置的峰强度最为明显,与其灰分中SiO2和Al2O3的含量最高相对应(表2)。3600−3000 cm−1的吸收峰归属于−OH的伸缩振动峰,HS和XTJ的峰强度低,说明两者中内水含量和氢键位点少。1701 cm−1处的肩峰为羧基、酯基、酮或醛的C=O伸缩振动峰,1310−1130 cm−1为C−O的伸缩振动峰,与煤中酚、醇、醚和酯等基团有关。与HS相比,B2、B3、B5和HSQ的−OH、C=O和C−O峰强度更强,表明其含氧官能团丰富,与氧含量高有关(表1)。相较而言,HS在2920、2847和1435 cm−1处的脂肪−CH2−和−CH3的伸缩振动吸收峰更强,说明该煤样脂肪结构更多[36],与其H/C比高(表1)和固体核磁数据一致(图2)。1589 cm−1左右为芳香C=C的骨架振动。与原煤相比,XTJ在−OH、脂肪−CH2−和−CH3、C=O、C=C等官能团对应的峰强度均明显较低,这是由于热解过程中大部分含氧官能团发生分解,同时热缩聚和氢化芳香族的脱氢作用致使焦内生成更多致密的芳环结构[37−38]。
为进一步分析亲水性含氧官能团的差异性,对3600−3000和1800−1000 cm−1进行分峰拟合,结果见图3和表4。可以看出,HS和XTJ的变质程度较高,含氧官能团的吸收峰强度低。羟基作为强氢键供体,能与水分子中的氧形成O−H···O氢键,显著增强亲水性。虽然不同样品中各羟基官能团的相对含量差异较大,但均以OH−π氢键(3525 cm−1)、OH−OH氢键(3390 cm−1)、OH−醚氢键(3293 cm−1)和环状缔合氢键(3173 cm−1)为主,OH−N氢键(3050 cm−1)较少。B3和B5中−OH含量丰富,易以自缔合氢键形式存在[39],因而OH−OH占比较高;OH−π氢键由羟基与芳环上的π电子云形成,B3和B5中OH−π氢键的占比显著低于其他煤样,结合表3可进一步说明两者芳香基团较少,这会影响制浆过程中分散剂的萘环结构与煤分子的紧密吸附[14],降低煤颗粒的分散效果,从而削弱分散剂的降黏作用。HS和XTJ中OH−π氢键和OH−OH氢键占比较大,源于两者芳构化程度高,分子内部的空间排列紧密,OH−OH结合机会增加,OH与芳香环的π电子云的氢键作用增强[40]。
六种样品中含氧官能团均以C−O相对含量最为丰富,C=O次之,COO最少。XTJ和HS的COO相对含量分别为0.22%和1.24%,表明两者亲水性较强的羧酸或酯基相对含量低。煤中C=C相对含量的趋势为:HS(26.05%)> B2(25.38%)> HSQ(23.24%)> B5(21.59%)> B3(20.54%),表明HS疏水结构的相对含量较高,XTJ中C=C的占比较少,与其芳香缩合程度最高有关。从各官能团与C=C比值可以看出,COO、C−O和总含氧官能团的趋势均为:B3> B5> HSQ> B2> HS> XTJ,即B3和B5的亲水性官能团含量高。
采用XPS进一步分析煤/焦表面元素分布形态与相对含量,对C和O元素进行分峰拟合并计算其相对含量,结果如图4和表5。由图4(a)可知,不同煤样表面含有的元素种类基本一致,C和O的相对含量明显较高。从表5可知,C元素形态可分为四种:284.6±0.2、285.8±0.3、287.1±0.3和289.0±0.3 eV分别对应脂肪碳和芳香碳(C=C/C−C/C−H)、醇/酚/醚(C−O)、羰基(C=O)和羧基/酯基碳(COO)。HS和XTJ中疏水官能团C=C/C−C/C−H[41]的相对含量为75.85%和79.74%,亲水基团C−O、C=O、COO[41]的相对含量低。531.4±0.2、532.6±0.2和533.8±0.2 eV处的信号峰分别归属于C=O、C−O和COO,可看出各样品中含氧官能团均以C−O为主,COO含量最少,这与 13C NMR和FT-IR结果相一致。
研究表明[42−43],煤表面官能团对水的束缚作用贡献值最大的是羧基,其次是酚羟基。因此,通过化学滴定法测得羧基和酚羟基的含量,有助于厘清含氧官能团与成浆性能之间的关系。由图5可知,B2、B3、B5和HSQ的含氧官能团总量分别为0.985、1.272、1.228和1.140 mmol/g,高于HS(0.148 mmol/g)和XTJ(0.063 mmol/g),与红外表征结果吻合(表4),意味着B3和B5煤颗粒可吸附的水更多,于水煤浆的表观黏度不利。此外,四种煤样中酚羟基占主导地位,内酯基次之,羧基最少,尤其是B3中羟基(0.595 mmol/g)和羧基(0.236 mmol/g)含量丰富,HS则以羧基为主,含量仅为0.067 mmol/g,而XTJ中无羧基。由此可见,HS和XTJ酸性含氧官能团极少,与水分子的相互作用弱。
由于焦粉(XTJ)单独制浆时无法形成稳定的浆体,因此,图6(a)仅给出了单一煤样成浆浓度对表观黏度的影响。根据气化水煤浆要求,以表观黏度1300 mPa·s对应的煤浆浓度作为最大成浆浓度。可知,不同煤样制得水煤浆的表观黏度均随浓度增加而增大,这是因为颗粒含量增加,间隙中起润滑作用的自由水减少,导致颗粒间摩擦力相对增大。
B2、B3、B5和HSQ的最大成浆浓度分别为59.73%、56.65%、56.80%及58.71%(图6(a)),即B2的浆浓度符合Ⅱ级气化水煤浆标准,这与其氧含量和亲水性含氧官能团低于其他三者有关(表1和图5)。当氧含量较高时,含氧官能团相应更为丰富,煤颗粒吸附水的能力更强,同浓度下制浆时,束缚在煤粒中的“死水”含量高,体系内起润滑作用的自由水相对减少,导致最大成浆浓度低。虽然B3的O/C低于B5和HSQ,但前者的成浆浓度更低,归因于其亲水性基团含量最高(图5)。HS浓度高达70.98%,表观黏度仅858 mPa·s,这是因为HS的芳香缩合程度高(图2(b)),芳环结构较多,羧基和酚羟基等亲水性含氧官能团少,有利于分散剂在煤表面形成一层稳定的吸附膜,从而降低煤粒表面的自由能,其表面更容易形成薄而完整的水化膜,起到隔离煤粒的作用,防止煤粒之间的直接接触和团聚,因此,颗粒在浆体中的摩擦阻力较小,表现为较低的表观黏度和较好流动性,由此可知,添加该煤样可显著提高成浆性能较差煤样的浆浓度。
B5中添加HS/XTJ以提高B5的最大成浆浓度,结果见图6(b)。可知,XTJ/HS均可提高B5的最大成浆浓度,且提高幅度接近(图6(c)),约为2.40%。当添加量为18.81%时,可达到Ⅱ级气化水煤浆的要求。这是由于两者的氧含量接近,且亲水性含氧官能团少,两者分别与B5混合制浆时,可降低对水的束缚能力,因而体系内的自由水含量增多。
为进一步阐明原料对水煤浆成浆性能的影响,分析了煤浆浓度57%时浆体的表观黏度、流动性和稳定性,结果见表6。可以看出,在相同煤浆浓度下,B2、HSQ和HS制得煤浆的流动性优异,均为A+,浆表观黏度低,特别是HS为原料时,仅有77 mPa·s。B3和B5的浆体不仅表观黏度高,流动性也较差。这与两者含氧官能团丰富(图5)及疏水结构少(图2)有关。
从稳定性来看,B2、HSQ和HS制得的煤浆48 h析水率高,特别是HS高达4.80%,这是由于三者丰富的疏水结构,使其吸水能力弱,同浓度条件下,浆体中能产生更多的游离水,该部分水分子的自由度较高,对提高流动性和降低表观黏度具有促进作用,但在静置条件下容易析出。B3和B5析水率低,归因于两者极性含氧官能团多,对周围水束缚能力强,能够在煤表面形成较厚的水化膜。此外,B2、B3和B5出现沉淀,原因在于煤颗粒间存在强相互作用,易团聚,加之三者中的Na、Ca、Mg和Fe等含量较高(表2),可通过静电作用吸附于煤表面,压缩煤的双电层结构,削弱颗粒间静电斥力[21,44],加速颗粒团聚。特别是氧含量(表1)及亲水性含氧基团(图5)最高的B3,煤表面吸附大量水分子,使得水化膜过厚,分散剂吸附位点被水分子占据[45],不利于分散剂在煤表面的吸附,分散效果差,团聚作用加剧,其三维网络结构不足以支撑大颗粒团簇,重力作用下团簇发生沉降,导致其浆体形成了硬沉淀。
B5中添加HS/XTJ后,水煤浆的表观黏度显著下降,稳定性明显提高,流动性等级提升,且HS存在时更优,归因于两者表面疏水结构改变了煤浆中水的分布和颗粒间相互作用[46]。HS和XTJ芳环较多,具有更多的分散剂吸附位点,相应的,水分子的吸附位点较少。当HS和XTJ穿插于B5颗粒间,能够破坏B5颗粒形成的网络结构,有利于分散剂吸附于B5煤表面,从而削弱B5团簇的锁水作用[47],使得体系中自由水的比例增加,浆体表观黏度降低,流动性增强。此外,HS/XTJ存在时,析水率显著降低(表6),推测是两者与B5之间形成了独特的三维网络结构,促使静态稳定性提高。
图7为浓度57%时煤浆的流变性变化规律。从图7(a)、(b)中可以看出,所有水煤浆均表现出剪切变稀的流体特性,即表观黏度随剪切速率的增大而降低。这是由于浆体静置或在低剪切速率时,煤颗粒间的相互作用使颗粒间形成相对稳定的三维网状结构。在高剪切速率下,悬浮颗粒从无序随机堆积状态向有序排列转变,网络结构逐渐被破坏并释放间隙水,因而浆体的表观黏度快速下降。其中,B3和B5的瞬时表观黏度下降最为明显,归因于两者含氧官能团含量高,导致煤表面的水化膜厚,水分子在煤颗粒间充当桥梁作用[48],加剧了颗粒相互作用,故浆体初始表观黏度更高(图7(a));在剪切力作用下,其网络结构被破坏,间隙水快速释放,因而表观黏度迅速降低。引入XTJ和HS后,浆体的瞬时表观黏度均低于B5水煤浆,归因于两者削弱了B5颗粒间或与水分子间的相互作用,释放了B5煤表面部分束缚水及团簇内部包裹的水。
由图7(c)和(d)可知,各浆体的剪切应力随剪切速率的增加而增大。采用Herschle-Bulkley模型($ \textit{τ}={\textit{τ}}_{\text{y}}+K \times {\textit{r}}^{\textit{n}} $)对曲线进行拟合,相关系数R2均高于0.99(表7),表明水煤浆的流变特性符合该模型。B5和85B5-15XTJ的流变指数n分别为1.19和1.06,表明两者浆体具有一定的屈服膨胀可塑性;B2、B3、HSQ和HS的流变指数n小于1,属于假塑性流体,其中,HS的n值最小,即其假塑性最强,因而具有更好的流动性,表观黏度最低。B5中添加XTJ/HS后,流动指数n降低,且随添加量增加而减小,HS的作用效果更为明显。
屈服应力τy表示流体开始流动所需的最小剪切应力,B2、HSQ和HS的τy为0,说明三者颗粒间形成的絮凝网络结构易被破坏[49],故在低剪切速率下即可流动。稠度系数K排序为:HS(0.28)< B2(1.00)< HSQ(2.03),即HS的K值最小,原因在于相较其最大成浆浓度(图6(a)),57%的浆浓度低,颗粒间相互作用较弱,浆体内部黏滞力弱,流态更为优化[50]。B3和B5浆体的τy大,分别为10.29和25.94 Pa,表明两者需较大的力才能使浆体流动。添加15%的HS/XTJ后,τy值由25.94 Pa分别降低至4.88和8.63 Pa;添加20%时,进一步降低至0 Pa/0.24 Pa,说明HS/XTJ黏附在B5表面,阻止了B5颗粒的深度团聚并释放团簇水,浆体中起流动性的水逐渐增加,从而使浆体体系表观黏度降低,流动性增强。
为揭示不同原料与体系中水的作用规律,测定了添加分散剂前后煤样的接触角和水煤浆中水的分布形态,结果见图8和图9。由于XTJ质地松软,无法压片成型,难以测得其接触角,因此,仅给出了煤样的接触角作为对比。
由于水分子更容易与−COOH和−OH等亲水性含氧官能团结合,因此,接触角的大小可反映煤中极性官能团的含量情况,其值越小,说明煤表面的亲水性官能团越多,煤的亲水性越强[51]。
由图8(a)可知,B2、B3、B5、HSQ及HS的接触角分别为93.4°、80.9°、83.3°、85.6°和116.1°,即各煤种均疏水。添加萘系分散剂后,相应的接触角分别减小至52.8°、64.6°、65.3°、54.0°及37.7°(图8(b)),表明分散剂对增强煤样的润湿性有积极作用[52],这是由于其萘环结构与煤的芳香环形成π-π相互作用,亲水性磺酸盐基团定向排列并形成水化膜,有效提高煤的表面张力,使得煤表面的接触角降低。其中,HS的接触角下降最多,降低了78.4°,源于其含氧官能团少(图5),煤表面疏水性强(图8(a)),芳香缩合程度高(图2),有利于分散剂在颗粒表面的吸附[53]。B3和B5表面极性官能团含量更为丰富(图5),且芳香缩合程度低,煤表面的吸附位点易被水分子占据,导致分散剂的作用较小[52],对煤颗粒的分散效果相应较弱。此外,分散剂的亲水基团可能会与煤的亲水基团作用,造成分散剂的反向吸附[54],进一步降低分散剂分散效果,这也是B3和B5易形成团簇,稳定性差的原因。B5中加入HS/XTJ后,接触角显著减小(图8(b)),源于两者强化了分散剂在B5颗粒表面的吸附作用,使水煤浆中自由水的比例增加,于煤浆表观黏度的降低和流动性的提高有利。
采用低场核磁测定煤浆浓度为57%时体系中水的分布,根据峰面积占比计算得到吸附水(f1)、间隙水(f2)和自由水(f3)[55]的比例,结果见图9。无论是单一原料(图9(a)),还是混配原料(图9(b)),煤浆均出现吸附水和间隙水两个峰,未检测出自由水[55]。从图9(c)可知,间隙水含量大小排序为:HS(89.05%)> B2(78.29%)> HSQ(76.02%)> B5(73.14%)> B3(71.61%),间隙水含量越多,在剪切力作用下,起流动作用的水含量越高,因此,HS制得煤浆的表观黏度低,流动性好。此外,B2、B3、B5、HSQ和HS五种煤f2峰中心对应的弛豫时间分别为67.9、32.5、31.2、40.1和85.6 ms,即HS的弛豫时间最长,说明其间隙水的自由度最高[56],这也是HS更易流动、浆体析水率高的原因。煤表面含氧官能团含量的差异导致浆体中吸附水含量的不同,B3和B5制得煤浆中相当一部分水受煤表面含氧官能团氢键的限制,导致两者的吸附水占比高(图9(c)),水化膜较厚。
B5中加入15%的HS或XTJ,吸附水的相对含量由26.86%分别降至22.82%和17.59%,加入量为20%时,该值进一步降低至19.57%和10.12%,源于两者疏水性强(图8),与B5的相互作用可削弱B5颗粒与水分子之间的作用力,水分子状态由吸附水转化为间隙水。弛豫时间可反映水分子的自由度,HS/XTJ加入量为15%时,间隙水峰中心均有左移趋势,弛豫时间由31.2 ms降至26.0和 15.9 ms,间隙水的自由度降低,归因于两者与B5颗粒之间的相互作用,破坏B5颗粒团簇后,与B5颗粒形成独特的三维网络结构,使水分子在静置浆体中的运动受限制。当两者的加入量达到20%时,弛豫时间增大至50.4和80.9 ms,此时,两者与B5的作用增强,覆盖B5表面的含氧官能团程度加剧,进一步促进分散剂作用于B5表面,B5的分散度提高,团聚作用减弱,团簇尺寸减小,水分子自由度提高,作用机制见图10。
HS和XTJ的碳骨架结构以2−3环为主,缩合程度高,结构致密,同时含氧官能团极少,化学滴定的总亲水性官能团含量分别为0.148和0.063 mmol/g。B2、B3、B5和HSQ 四种煤芳香结构主要为苯环和萘环,B3(1.272 mmol/g)和B5(1.228 mmol/g)含氧官能团高于B2(0.985 mmol/g)和HSQ(1.140 mmol/g),其中,B3和B5亲水性较强的羧基和酚羟基较多,四种表征手段均得出B3和B5的疏水结构较少,亲水基团丰富,从接触角的结果进一步印证了五种煤样的疏水性程度:HS(116.1°)> B2(93.4°)> HSQ(85.6°)> B5(83.3°)> B3(80.9°)。
不同原料的成浆性能受原料组成结构的影响较大。HS的成浆性能最好,表观黏度为858 mPa·s时,浓度高达70.98%,明显高于B2(59.73%)、B3(56.65%)、B5(56.80%)和HSQ(58.71%)四种煤的最大成浆浓度。在浓度均为57%时,B3和B5的表观黏度高于B2、HSQ和HS,其值超过1300 mPa·s,且流动性差,存在沉淀情况,而XTJ单独制浆时无法形成稳定浆体。当B5中添加20%的HS/XTJ后,最大成浆浓度提高约2.4%,浓度为57%时,表观黏度由1332 mPa·s降为769/855 mPa·s,流动性均提升至A+,稳定性提高。
不同原料制浆时,浆体的水分布和分散剂在原料表面作用效果存在差异。从接触角和低场核磁结果表明,B3和B5的吸附水含量最高,两者水化膜过厚;添加萘系分散剂后,B2、B3、B5、HSQ及HS的接触角分别减小了40.6°、16.3°、18.0°、31.6°及78.4°,表明分散剂在HS的表面表现出更强的吸附能力。B5中加入20%HS/XTJ后,接触角进一步降低,吸附水也由26.86%降低至19.57%和10.12%,水化膜变薄,表明HS/XTJ的引入有利于强化分散剂在B5表面的吸附作用,实现B5颗粒的有效分散。

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2026年第54卷第1期
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doi: 10.3724/2097-213X.2025.JFCT.0017
  • 接收时间:2025-06-10
  • 首发时间:2026-09-23
  • 出版时间:2026-01-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-10
  • 修回日期:2025-06-30
  • 录用日期:2025-07-08
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    1新疆大学化工学院 省部共建碳基能源资源化学与利用国家重点实验室 新疆煤炭清洁转化与化工过程重点实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830017
    2自治区生态环境科学研究院, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
    3华东理工大学 国家能源煤气化技术研发中心 上海煤气化工程技术研究中心, 上海 200237
    4大连理工大学化工学院 精细化工国家重点实验室 煤化工研究所, 辽宁 大连 116024
    5新疆天池能源有限责任公司, 新疆 昌吉 831500

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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