Article(id=1309631822099739507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, issueId=1309631821596423027, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3724/2097-213X.2025.JFCT.0020, pmid=null, cstr=32157.14.2097-213X.2025.JFCT.0134, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750435200000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-21, revisedDate=1752076800000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-10, acceptedDate=1753113600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-07-22, onlineDate=1790170158171, onlineDateStr=2026-09-23, pubDate=1773072000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790170158171, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790170158171, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790170158171, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1309631821596423027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, year='2026', volume='54', issue='3', pageStart='20250121-412', pageEnd='20250365-540', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773072000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790170158051, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790213000114, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1309811514299744400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, issueId=1309631821596423027, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1309811514299744401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, issueId=1309631821596423027, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=20250152-459, endPage=20250152-467, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1309631823878124404, articleId=1309631822099739507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, language=EN, title=The Cu3P@CuO nanosheet catalyst used for the efficient hydrolysis of ammonia borane to produce hydrogen, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Ammonia borane (AB) is an excellent hydrogen storage material with low molecular weight and high hydrogen content. To fully unleash its value, the development of low-cost and highly active catalysts for AB hydrolysis hydrogen production is precisely the core path to promote the industrialization of AB hydrolysis hydrogen production technology. This paper used anhydrous copper chloride as raw material, and prepared copper oxide nanosheets (CuO NS) precursor by solvothermal method under alkaline conditions. Through low-temperature phosphating method, CuO NS was converted into Cu3P@CuO nanosheets (Cu3P@CuO NS). The microstructure and structural composition of Cu3P@CuO NS were characterized by SEM, TEM, AFM, XRD and XPS. The effects of as-prepared Cu3P@CuO NS for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from AB hydrolysis were investigated. Additionally, the hydrogen evolution rate and turnover frequency (TOF value) of Cu3P@CuO NS catalyzed AB hydrolysis were explored under different reaction conditions. The results showed that when the phosphating ratio was adjusted to m (CuO NS)/m (NaH2PO2)=1 (m (CuO NS)=m (NaH2PO2)=0.1 g), Cu3P@CuO NS exhibited the optimal catalytic activity for AB hydrolysis. Cu3P@CuO NS exhibited a high turnover frequency (TOF), with a TOF value as high as 57.23 min−1 and an apparent activation energy of 44.31 kJ/mol. The hydrolysis of AB followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with respect to the catalyst dosage, while it exhibited pseudo-zero-order kinetics with respect to the AB dosage. The excellent performance exhibited by Cu3P@CuO NS could be attributed to the abundant active sites exposed by their nanosheet structure. Given the remarkably low cost of this catalyst, the Cu3P@CuO NS catalyst is highly anticipated to serve as a viable substitute for noble metal catalysts. It is poised to emerge as an ideal catalytic material for the hydrogen evolution reaction from AB, leveraging its cost-effectiveness and catalytic efficiency to address the challenges associated with high-cost noble metal-based systems.

, authors=Wenting REN1, Leiyun CHEN1, Jiabei SHEN1, Jing XIE1, Yudie ZHAO1, Lixin XU1, *, Chao WAN1, 2, 3, 4, 5, *, authorsList=Wenting REN, Leiyun CHEN, Jiabei SHEN, Jing XIE, Yudie ZHAO, Lixin XU, Chao WAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lixin XU, Chao WAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1309631826289849231, articleId=1309631822099739507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, language=CN, title=Cu3P@CuO 纳米片状催化剂用于氨硼烷的高效水解析氢, columnId=1309584910000677174, journalTitle=燃料化学学报(中英文), columnName=RESEARCH PAPER, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

氨硼烷(AB)作为一种分子量低、含氢量高的优质储氢物质,若想充分发挥其价值,开发出针对 AB 水解析氢的低成本、高活性催化剂,正是推动 AB 水解析氢技术迈向工业化的核心路径。本工作以无水氯化铜为原材料,在碱性条件下利用溶剂热法制备出氧化铜纳米片(CuO NS)前驱体。在通过低温磷化法,将 CuO NS 转化成 Cu3P@CuO 纳米片(Cu3P@CuO NS)。采用 SEM、TEM、AFM、XRD 和 XPS 表征 Cu3P@CuO NS 的微观形貌和结构组成,考察 Cu3P@CuO NS 催化剂对 AB 析氢反应性能的影响,并探究不同反应条件下 Cu3P@CuO NS 催化 AB 析氢反应的析氢速率、转化频率(TOF值)。结果表明,当磷化比例为 m(CuO NS)/ m(NaH2PO2)=1 时(m(CuO NS)= m(NaH2PO2)=0.1 g),Cu3P@CuO NS 表现出优异的催化 AB 活性, TOF 值高达 57.23 min−1,表观活化能为 44.31 kJ/mol,AB 的水解反应在催化剂用量上遵循伪一级动力学,在 AB 的用量上则呈现伪零级动力学。对 Cu3P@CuO NS 所展现出的卓越性能,可归因于其纳米片结构暴露出的丰富的活性位点。鉴于催化剂的成本极低,Cu3P@CuO 纳米片催化剂有望取代贵金属催化剂,成为从AB中析氢的理想催化材料。

, authors=任文婷1, 陈雷云1, 沈佳蓓1, 谢婧1, 赵宇蝶1, 许立信1, *, 万超1, 2, 3, 4, 5, *, authorsList=任文婷, 陈雷云, 沈佳蓓, 谢婧, 赵宇蝶, 许立信, 万超, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=许立信, 万超, authorNote=

任文婷(2001),女,硕士,学生,主要从氢能和催化反应工程方面的研究工作,

许立信(1971),男,博士,教授,主要从事工业催化、化工新材料、清洁化工等领域的化工过程研发,

万超(1989),安徽省优青,副教授,博士生导师,主要从氢能和催化反应工程方面的研究工作,

, correspAuthorsNote=
Tel: 13155537585, 15655560636, E-mail:
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任文婷(2001),女,硕士,学生,主要从氢能和催化反应工程方面的研究工作,

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许立信(1971),男,博士,教授,主要从事工业催化、化工新材料、清洁化工等领域的化工过程研发,

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The comparison of TOF and activation energy of various catalysts reported in the literature

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CatalystTemperature/KTOF/min−1Ea/(kJ·mol−1)Ref.
Cu3P@CuO NS29857.2344.31this work
Ni/BN2981.0361.1[42]
Ni0/CeO22981.725[43]
Ni1.2Fe0.8@CN-G29823.2538.24[44]
Ni2P29839.144.6[45]
Co/CTF29842.342.7[46]
Ni NPs/C2988.828[47]
Cu0.49Co0.51/C29828.751.9[48]
Ni NPs@3D-(N)GFs29841.7−[49]
hcp-CuNi/C samples29822.6429.92[50]
Co@Co2Mo3O829817.2851.8[51]
Multishelled Co-P29823.538.7[52]
Co3B-CoP/h-BN29827.551.8[53]
Cu0.5Ni0.5/CMK-129854.8−[54]
), ArticleFig(id=1309631833868956635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397254396182630, articleId=1309631822099739507, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

文献中报道的各种催化剂的TOF(转化频率)和活化能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CatalystTemperature/KTOF/min−1Ea/(kJ·mol−1)Ref.
Cu3P@CuO NS29857.2344.31this work
Ni/BN2981.0361.1[42]
Ni0/CeO22981.725[43]
Ni1.2Fe0.8@CN-G29823.2538.24[44]
Ni2P29839.144.6[45]
Co/CTF29842.342.7[46]
Ni NPs/C2988.828[47]
Cu0.49Co0.51/C29828.751.9[48]
Ni NPs@3D-(N)GFs29841.7−[49]
hcp-CuNi/C samples29822.6429.92[50]
Co@Co2Mo3O829817.2851.8[51]
Multishelled Co-P29823.538.7[52]
Co3B-CoP/h-BN29827.551.8[53]
Cu0.5Ni0.5/CMK-129854.8−[54]
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Cu3P@CuO 纳米片状催化剂用于氨硼烷的高效水解析氢
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任文婷 1 , 陈雷云 1 , 沈佳蓓 1 , 谢婧 1 , 赵宇蝶 1 , 许立信 1, * , 万超 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, *
燃料化学学报(中英文) | RESEARCH PAPER 2026,54(3): 20250152-459-20250152-467
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燃料化学学报(中英文) |RESEARCH PAPER 2026 , 54 (3) : 20250152-459 -20250152-467
Cu3P@CuO 纳米片状催化剂用于氨硼烷的高效水解析氢
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2Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
3State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
4College of Chemical Engineering and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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2南开大学 先进能源材料化学教育部重点实验室, 天津 300071
3浙江大学 能源高效清洁利用全国重点实验室, 浙江 杭州 310058
4浙江大学 化学工程与生物工程学院, 浙江 杭州 310058
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万超(1989),安徽省优青,副教授,博士生导师,主要从氢能和催化反应工程方面的研究工作,

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任文婷1 , 陈雷云1, 沈佳蓓1, 谢婧1, 赵宇蝶1, 许立信1, * , 万超1, 2, 3, 4, 5, *
作者信息
  • 1安徽工业大学 化学与化工学院, 安徽 马鞍山 243032
  • 2南开大学 先进能源材料化学教育部重点实验室, 天津 300071
  • 3浙江大学 能源高效清洁利用全国重点实验室, 浙江 杭州 310058
  • 4浙江大学 化学工程与生物工程学院, 浙江 杭州 310058
  • 5上海交通大学 绍兴新能源与分子工程研究院, 浙江 绍兴 312300
通讯作者:
Tel: 13155537585, 15655560636, E-mail:
作者简介:

任文婷(2001),女,硕士,学生,主要从氢能和催化反应工程方面的研究工作,

许立信(1971),男,博士,教授,主要从事工业催化、化工新材料、清洁化工等领域的化工过程研发,

万超(1989),安徽省优青,副教授,博士生导师,主要从氢能和催化反应工程方面的研究工作,

The Cu3P@CuO nanosheet catalyst used for the efficient hydrolysis of ammonia borane to produce hydrogen
Wenting REN1 , Leiyun CHEN1, Jiabei SHEN1, Jing XIE1, Yudie ZHAO1, Lixin XU1, * , Chao WAN1, 2, 3, 4, 5, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243032, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
  • 3State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
  • 4College of Chemical Engineering and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
  • 5Shaoxing Research Institute Renewable Energy and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shaoxing 312300, China
出版时间: 2026-03-10 doi: 10.3724/2097-213X.2025.JFCT.0020
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氨硼烷(AB)作为一种分子量低、含氢量高的优质储氢物质,若想充分发挥其价值,开发出针对 AB 水解析氢的低成本、高活性催化剂,正是推动 AB 水解析氢技术迈向工业化的核心路径。本工作以无水氯化铜为原材料,在碱性条件下利用溶剂热法制备出氧化铜纳米片(CuO NS)前驱体。在通过低温磷化法,将 CuO NS 转化成 Cu3P@CuO 纳米片(Cu3P@CuO NS)。采用 SEM、TEM、AFM、XRD 和 XPS 表征 Cu3P@CuO NS 的微观形貌和结构组成,考察 Cu3P@CuO NS 催化剂对 AB 析氢反应性能的影响,并探究不同反应条件下 Cu3P@CuO NS 催化 AB 析氢反应的析氢速率、转化频率(TOF值)。结果表明,当磷化比例为 m(CuO NS)/ m(NaH2PO2)=1 时(m(CuO NS)= m(NaH2PO2)=0.1 g),Cu3P@CuO NS 表现出优异的催化 AB 活性, TOF 值高达 57.23 min−1,表观活化能为 44.31 kJ/mol,AB 的水解反应在催化剂用量上遵循伪一级动力学,在 AB 的用量上则呈现伪零级动力学。对 Cu3P@CuO NS 所展现出的卓越性能,可归因于其纳米片结构暴露出的丰富的活性位点。鉴于催化剂的成本极低,Cu3P@CuO 纳米片催化剂有望取代贵金属催化剂,成为从AB中析氢的理想催化材料。

氢能  /  铜基催化剂  /  氨硼烷  /  纳米片

Ammonia borane (AB) is an excellent hydrogen storage material with low molecular weight and high hydrogen content. To fully unleash its value, the development of low-cost and highly active catalysts for AB hydrolysis hydrogen production is precisely the core path to promote the industrialization of AB hydrolysis hydrogen production technology. This paper used anhydrous copper chloride as raw material, and prepared copper oxide nanosheets (CuO NS) precursor by solvothermal method under alkaline conditions. Through low-temperature phosphating method, CuO NS was converted into Cu3P@CuO nanosheets (Cu3P@CuO NS). The microstructure and structural composition of Cu3P@CuO NS were characterized by SEM, TEM, AFM, XRD and XPS. The effects of as-prepared Cu3P@CuO NS for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from AB hydrolysis were investigated. Additionally, the hydrogen evolution rate and turnover frequency (TOF value) of Cu3P@CuO NS catalyzed AB hydrolysis were explored under different reaction conditions. The results showed that when the phosphating ratio was adjusted to m (CuO NS)/m (NaH2PO2)=1 (m (CuO NS)=m (NaH2PO2)=0.1 g), Cu3P@CuO NS exhibited the optimal catalytic activity for AB hydrolysis. Cu3P@CuO NS exhibited a high turnover frequency (TOF), with a TOF value as high as 57.23 min−1 and an apparent activation energy of 44.31 kJ/mol. The hydrolysis of AB followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with respect to the catalyst dosage, while it exhibited pseudo-zero-order kinetics with respect to the AB dosage. The excellent performance exhibited by Cu3P@CuO NS could be attributed to the abundant active sites exposed by their nanosheet structure. Given the remarkably low cost of this catalyst, the Cu3P@CuO NS catalyst is highly anticipated to serve as a viable substitute for noble metal catalysts. It is poised to emerge as an ideal catalytic material for the hydrogen evolution reaction from AB, leveraging its cost-effectiveness and catalytic efficiency to address the challenges associated with high-cost noble metal-based systems.

hydrogen energy  /  copper-based catalyst  /  ammonia borane  /  nanosheet
任文婷, 陈雷云, 沈佳蓓, 谢婧, 赵宇蝶, 许立信, 万超. Cu3P@CuO 纳米片状催化剂用于氨硼烷的高效水解析氢. 燃料化学学报(中英文), 2026 , 54 (3) : 20250152-459 -20250152-467 . DOI: 10.3724/2097-213X.2025.JFCT.0020
Wenting REN, Leiyun CHEN, Jiabei SHEN, Jing XIE, Yudie ZHAO, Lixin XU, Chao WAN. The Cu3P@CuO nanosheet catalyst used for the efficient hydrolysis of ammonia borane to produce hydrogen[J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 2026 , 54 (3) : 20250152-459 -20250152-467 . DOI: 10.3724/2097-213X.2025.JFCT.0020
随着化石燃料的过度消耗,由此引起的环境污染和全球能源危机引起了广泛关注。开发清洁、环保和可再生能源是减少对化石燃料依赖、减少温室气体排放的关键[1–3]。氢被认为是一种理想的能源载体,因其环保性和高能量密度而备受关注。在氢能领域内析氢、储藏、运输、应用等技术方面中,储氢技术仍是一个急需突破的瓶颈[4–7]。为早日实现氢能的大面积使用,必须解决储氢技术的安全性及高效性突破。与高压压缩和低温液化等物理手段相比较,化学析氢因其安全性、高效性而备受关注[8–10]。其中,氨硼烷(AB)、水合肼、甲酸等化合物具有较高的化学储氢的能力。AB的分子量低,其含氢量却高达 19.6%,成为储氢材料的首选;其次AB在固相、液相中均保持稳定的理化性质,当加以适当催化剂时析氢反应才会发生,当分离催化剂与AB溶液时,析氢反应即刻停止,有利于实现氢气安全、便捷、高效的运输和储藏[11–15]。
当下对AB水解析氢具有高活性的大多数为贵金属催化剂,例如:Co[16]、Pt[17–19]、Ru[20–22]、Pd[23–24]等。由于地球矿藏量有限,使用贵金属催化剂的成本过高,限制了氢能被广泛使用。开发一种以非贵金属原料来替代贵金属的催化剂,是实现低成本推广氢能的有效途径,目前,已报道的非贵金属催化剂包括金属氧化物[25–27]、合金类[28–29]、硼化物[30–32]和金属磷化物[33–35]。其中,过渡金属磷化物(TMPs),例如CoP、FeP、Ni2P和Cu3P等因其优异的催化活性备受关注,有望成为贵金属催化剂的替代品[36]。TMP晶体由三角棱形几何体构成,独特的晶体结构使其在表面产生更多可协调的不饱和原子,明显提升了催化活性,在析氢反应中,P本身持有的负电荷可以捕获质子转化为活性位点,因此,可以通过增加P的浓度来增加活性位点数量;但当P过量时,金属作为氢化物的接收-反应中心,其占比会减少,催化剂的反应活性也会降低。Dang等[37]制备了Cu/Cu3P纳米阵列催化剂,通过两步合成策略实现,包括水热合成Cu/CuO纳米阵列前体和在Ar气氛下进行低温磷化处理。所制备的Cu/Cu3P纳米阵列作为电催化剂,在化学产氢反应中表现出优异的催化性能和耐久性。Wang等[38]通过水热法合成了Cu3P纳米片,并使用红磷代替有毒的PH3 作为磷源,构建出一种具有特殊结构的Z-scheme Cu3P/TiO2异质结。在异质界面形成后,金属磷化物晶格的周期性被破坏,导致局部电子结构发生变化。物种间的电子相互作用重新分配了它们各自状态的电子密度。研究结果表明,P的掺杂可作为一种有效的研究思路,以提升催化剂对AB水解制氢的反应活性。
本工作通过在碱性条件下合成 CuO NS前驱体,将 CuO NS 前驱体与次磷酸钠分别研磨放置于刚玉舟两端,在管式炉内以 3 K/min 的升温速率升至 573 K,并在该温度下保持 2 h。在低温磷化的过程中,NaH2PO2 分解为PH3,与表面CuO反应形成具有多重暴露区域的凸起结构,形成 Cu3P@CuO NS。在光照条件下测试 Cu3P@CuO NS催化剂催化AB水解析氢的性能。
CuO、CuCl2·2H2O、NaOH、氨硼烷(NH3BH3)、NaH2PO2,AR,上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;实验用水为去离子水,自制。
Dimension Icon型原子力显微镜(AFM)、D8 Advance型X射线衍射仪(XRD),德国Bruker公司;Regulus 8100型扫描电子显微镜(SEM),日本Hitachi公司;Talos F200X G2型透射电子显微镜(TEM),美国FEI公司;K-Alpha型X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS),美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司。
在典型的 CuO NS合成中,CuO NS是用水热法合成的,如以往文献报道的[39]。具体合成过程如下:将 NaOH 水溶液(50.0 mL,6 mol/L)倒入 CuCl2·2H2O溶液(50.0 mL,0.1 mol/L)中。将所得溶液保持在室温下,搅拌 0.5 h。将悬浮液转移到 100 mL特氟隆内衬的高压釜中,在 373 K下保持 720 min,自然冷却到室温。所得样品 CuO NS 通过离心、乙醇洗涤和干燥直接获得。
采用简单的低温磷化途径制备了 Cu3P@CuO NS。在典型的制备过程中,将 0.10 g CuO NS、0.10 g NaH2PO2 在砂浆中研磨形成细粉。在 573 K下煅烧 2 h 得到 Cu3P@CuO NS 固体,加热速率为3 K/min。
转化频率(Turnover Frequency, TOF)作为评估多相催化体系本征活性的核心动力学参数,其定义为单位时间单位活性位点(或单位质量/摩尔催化剂)所转化的底物物质的量。通过式(1)所示的数学关系式精确计算TOF值,该计算模型通过标准化数据处理流程,确保不同催化剂体系间的TOF值具有严格可比性。
$ \text{TOF=}\frac{{{n}}_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}}{{{n}}_{\text{catalyst}}{\times t}} $
式中:$n_{{\mathrm{H}}_2} $为H2产生的摩尔数,催化剂中所用金属的摩尔量为ncatalyst,反应时间为t。
图1(a)和(b)为不同尺寸下的扫描电子显微镜图像(SEM),用于分析催化剂的微观形貌。从图1(a)中可观测到,催化剂整体呈片状结构,有部分呈片状堆积状态。从图1(b)中观测到催化剂表面分布直径大小不一的表面凸起,经后续 XRD 和 AFM 分析可知,该凸起为磷化过程中在 CuO NS 表面生成的 Cu3P NS 颗粒。图1(c)和(d)为不同尺寸下的透射电子显微镜图像,均显示出明显的片状结构。综上所述,所制备的催化剂呈现片状结构。
图2(a)–(d)分别为前驱体 CuO NS 和 Cu3P@CuO NS 的原子力显微镜图像(AFM)。从图2(a)和(b)中可以观测到前驱体 CuO NS 为很明显的片状结构,整体厚度为2.8 nm;而图2(c)和(d)则显示出均匀分布的凸起点,凸起整体厚度为 2.0 nm。结合图1(b)和(c)可以表明,Cu3P@CuO NS 催化剂整体呈片状,片状结构源自前驱体 CuO NS 的片状支撑,片状表面有均匀分布的凸起结构,源自磷化过程中生成的 Cu3P。图2(e)为 Cu3P@CuO NS 的 X射线衍射谱图(XRD),图中 41.9°、45.5°、48.4°和53.9°分别对应 Cu3P 的(112)、(022)、(211)和(300)晶面,而 41.9°、45.3°、45.8°和57.3°则分别对应 CuO 的(−111)、(111)、(200)和(−202)晶面,验证了催化剂中的主要组成成分为片状的 CuO 基底和表面凸起的 Cu3P。图2(f)为从TEM图像中分析所得的晶格条纹数据,图中晶格条纹间距为0.22 和0.19 nm 的分别为 Cu3P 的(022)和(112)晶面,而晶格间距为0.20 和0.21 nm 的则对应 CuO 的(−111)和(111)晶面,进一步验证了催化剂的结构为片状表面覆有凸起,主要组成成分为 CuO 和 Cu3P[39–40]。
通过 X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)对 Cu3P@CuO NS 催化剂的元素组成及价态进行了表征,结果如图3(a)和(b)所示。
从图3(a)的 XPS 全谱谱图中可以检测到 Cu3P@CuO NS 催化剂中共含C、O、Cu、P 四种化学元素。图3(b)为前驱体 CuO NS和 Cu3P@CuO NS 催化剂中 Cu 元素价态的对比XPS谱图。图中展示了 Cu3P@CuO NS 催化剂的 Cu 2p光谱。其中,两个明显的峰分别位于约 952.58和 932.48 eV处,对应于 Cu3P@CuO NS 催化剂中 Cu−P 键的 Cu 2p1/2和 Cu 2p3/2 两种Cu物种[39]。
相较于 CuO NS,这些峰显示出正向位移的趋势。原因归根于Cu物种向磷原子转移了较多的价电子。以 961.08、942.78和 940.48 eV 为中心的附加峰可归因于 Cu 物种的卫星峰[41]。
反应温度对催化剂的性能有很大影响,因此,通过调控析氢反应过程中的温度测试了催化性能。从图4(a)中可以看出,温度的升高会有效加速氢气的生成,同时温度的升高会加速水分子和离子的移动,更有利于氢气的生成。图4(b)是根据阿伦尼乌斯方程和氢气的生成速率生成的速率直方图,可以计算出反应的活化能为 44.31 kJ/mol(R2=0.99),此时活性组分 Cu3P 的含量为 0.078 mmol,通过式(1)计算得出转化频率(TOF)为 57.23 min−1,当继续增加 NaH2PO2 在磷化过程中的使用量,催化剂中过量 P 的强吸电子作用过度,会导致金属组分对氨硼烷分子的吸附能力减弱,催化剂的反应活性也会降低。总的来说,Cu3P@CuO NS 催化剂的催化性能优于大部分非贵金属催化剂(表1)。
图5(a)显示在添加了不同催化剂用量时,生成的氢气速率。随着催化剂的使用量的增加,氢气生成速率明显加快。在一定范围内,增加催化剂的用量可通过为 AB 析氢提供更多的活性结合位点来提高产氢速率。
然而,催化剂用量的过度增加会导致活性位点相对于需求出现过饱和现象,进而使得产氢速率仅能获得少许改善。图5(b) Cu3P@CuO NS 的使用量与氢气生成速率的对数曲线,拟合曲线的斜率为 1.16(R2=0.99)表明 AB 析氢速率对于催化剂的使用量是一级反应,在一定范围内增加催化剂的使用量可以显著提高析氢速率。
如图6(a)和(b)所示,氢气的产生量与 AB 的浓度呈现正相关,在温度恒定为 298 K 时,氢气析出速率基本上保持一致。将 AB 浓度与 AB 析氢速率两者的对数进行线性拟合,得到的斜率为 0.29(R2=0.98),结合图5 数据进行分析可得,AB 析氢速率遵循一级反应动力学,与 AB 浓度无直接联系。因此,AB 析氢的动力学方程可描述如下:
${r} = { }{k}{\left({{n}}_{{\mathrm{{A}{B}}}}\right)}^{0.29} \times {\left({{m}}_{\mathrm{catalyst}}\right)}^{1.16} \approx {k}{\left({{n}}_{{\mathrm{{A}{B}}}}\right)}^{0} \times {\left({{m}}_{\mathrm{catalyst}}\right)}^{1} = {k}\left({{m}}_{{\mathrm{catalyst}}}\right) $
本研究合成了片状结构的 Cu3P@CuO NS 催化剂,并将其运用于 AB 析氢。在碱性环境下,通过水热法合成了 CuO NS 前驱体,再将所得的 CuO NS 前驱体与 NaH2PO2 在管式炉中进行低温吹扫磷化,磷化温度为 573 K,磷化时长为 2 h。得益于其片状的结构,并且吹扫磷化的过程中生成的 Cu3P 物种以小颗粒的形态覆盖在 CuO 上,提高了活性位点的暴露,因此,生成的 Cu3P@CuO NS 催化剂在 298 K 的反应温度和光照条件下,表现出优异的析氢效果,TOF 值高达 57.23 min−1,活化能为 44.31 kJ/mol。该催化剂较其他非贵金属催化剂表现出优异的催化效果,同时因为该催化剂中无贵金属成分,使得该催化剂的成本低廉,为过渡金属磷化物的制备并运用于 AB 的大面积工业化提供一种新的思路和策略。

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2026年第54卷第3期
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doi: 10.3724/2097-213X.2025.JFCT.0020
  • 接收时间:2025-06-21
  • 首发时间:2026-09-23
  • 出版时间:2026-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-21
  • 修回日期:2025-07-10
  • 录用日期:2025-07-22
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    1安徽工业大学 化学与化工学院, 安徽 马鞍山 243032
    2南开大学 先进能源材料化学教育部重点实验室, 天津 300071
    3浙江大学 能源高效清洁利用全国重点实验室, 浙江 杭州 310058
    4浙江大学 化学工程与生物工程学院, 浙江 杭州 310058
    5上海交通大学 绍兴新能源与分子工程研究院, 浙江 绍兴 312300

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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占总种数比例
Percentage of
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属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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