Article(id=1295068474758419180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295068190569164906, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202509052, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1758038400000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-17, revisedDate=1760630400000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-17, acceptedDate=1760889600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-10-20, onlineDate=1786697985591, onlineDateStr=2026-08-14, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1786697985591, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1786697985591, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1786697985591, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1295068190569164906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2026', volume='55', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1786697917835, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1786698816898, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1295071961596584952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295068190569164906, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1295071961596584953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295068190569164906, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=164, endPage=174, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1295068474959745773, articleId=1295068474758419180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Numerical simulation of wall-mounted FGR arrangement optimization for a 660 MW ultra-supercritical tangentially-fired boiler, columnId=1211002405299294959, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Thermal energy science research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
[Objective]

To address the issues of low reheated steam temperature and local overheating of platen superheaters (PSH) during low-load operation of a 660 MW ultra-supercritical tangentially fired once-reheat boiler, this study proposed a wall-mounted flue gas recirculation (FGR) arrangement in the burner region. The aim was to synergistically raise reheated steam temperature and suppress PSH overheating while maintaining combustion stability.

[Methods]

Numerical simulation was performed at 40% rated load to optimize the proposed layout. First, the baseline case and corner-mounted and wall-mounted concentrated FGR arrangements were compared. Subsequently, the feasibility of wall-mounted grouped injection was investigated.

[Results]

The results indicated that: corner-mounted FGR significantly increased the ignition distance of pulverized coal jets, which adversely affected low-load combustion stability. Both fire-side and rear-side concentrated FGR increased the heat absorption of the high-temperature reheater, but neither could simultaneously mitigate PSH local overheating. Fire-side grouped FGR substantially enhanced heat absorption of the reheater but still carried a risk of PSH overheating, whereas rear-side grouped FGR reduced the overheating risk but yielded only limited reheater improvement. A combined grouped arrangement, in which flue gas was injected through the two lower layers on the fire-side wall together with the upper layer on the rear-side wall, increased the heat absorption of the reheater by 18.9%, effectively mitigated local overheating of the PSH, and maintained stable combustion.

[Conclusion]

These findings provide design and optimization references for safe, flexible, and efficient boiler operation across wide load ranges in next-generation coal-fired power plants.

, authors=Jie LIANG1, Chuang HE2, Liming REN1, Yuan LI1, Fengtao WANG3, Hang DONG4, He SONG4, Lun MA5, Qingyan FANG2, authorsList=Jie LIANG, Chuang HE, Liming REN, Yuan LI, Fengtao WANG, Hang DONG, He SONG, Lun MA, Qingyan FANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qingyan FANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1295068479141466888, articleId=1295068474758419180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=660 MW超超临界四角切圆锅炉烟气再循环墙式布置方式优化数值模拟, columnId=1211002405437706993, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=热能科学研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
【目的】

针对某660 MW超超临界四角切圆一次再热锅炉在低负荷下再热汽温偏低与屏式过热器局部超温问题,提出了一种燃烧器区域烟气再循环墙式布置方法,旨在实现协同提升再热汽温、抑制屏式过热器(屏过)超温,并确保燃烧稳定。

【方法】

基于数值模拟方法,在40%额定负荷条件下对该布置方式开展了优化研究:首先对比分析了基准工况以及角式与墙式集中布置烟气再循环方式的效果,进而探讨了墙式分组布置的可行性。

【结果】

研究结果表明:角式布置会显著增加煤粉气流的着火距离,不利于低负荷下的燃烧稳定;向火侧或背火侧墙式集中布置均可提高高温再热器吸热量,但难以同时缓解屏过局部超温;向火侧墙式分组布置可显著增强高温再热器的吸热效果,但仍存在屏过局部超温风险;背火侧墙式分组布置虽可降低屏过超温风险,但对再热器吸热量的提升效果有限;采用“向火侧下组两层+背火侧上组一层”的分组运行方式,可使高温再热器吸热量提高18.9%,有效缓解屏过局部超温问题,且不恶化燃烧稳定性。

【结论】

上述研究结果可为新一代煤电机组锅炉在宽负荷范围内的安全、灵活与高效运行提供设计参考和优化依据。

, authors=梁杰1, 何闯2, 任利明1, 李源1, 王锋涛3, 董行4, 宋贺4, 马仑5, 方庆艳2, authorsList=梁杰, 何闯, 任利明, 李源, 王锋涛, 董行, 宋贺, 马仑, 方庆艳, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=方庆艳, authorNote=

梁杰(1969),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为煤电灵活低碳与清洁高效,

, correspAuthorsNote=
方庆艳(1974),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为生物质与煤先进燃烧理论与技术,
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梁杰(1969),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为煤电灵活低碳与清洁高效,

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Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2021, 36(2): 73-79., articleTitle=Study on the influence of burner swing angle synchronicity on the wall temperature deviation of reheat steam in tangentially fired boiler, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1295068488276661108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068474758419180, awardId=2024YFB4106103, language=EN, fundingSource=National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFB4106103), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1295068488352158581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068474758419180, awardId=2024YFB4106103, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFB4106103), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1295068479326016265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068474758419180, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068479330210570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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figureFileSmall=qlAhT6aqJOTKP8vbQH5l0Q==, figureFileBig=f02nAiDU9UQhGJ6/e+elZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068487404245864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068474758419180, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=The horizontal velocity fields and temperature fields of the furnace arch at 40% rated load and with flue gas recirculation group schemes, figureFileSmall=w5WOMJpMQlYP7yqM2qLr7Q==, figureFileBig=YMt+OhGOMkP60XEtVRtK1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068487458771817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068474758419180, language=CN, label=图12, caption=40%额定负荷及烟气再循环分组方案折焰角水平面速度场、温度场, figureFileSmall=w5WOMJpMQlYP7yqM2qLr7Q==, figureFileBig=YMt+OhGOMkP60XEtVRtK1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068487517492074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068474758419180, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=The temperature fields of the layer C burners in the final combined scheme and the original reference condition, figureFileSmall=cUf0eWf8LbI1kaSKgQn2wA==, figureFileBig=YovrOwsmcLM5wKsEEZDpMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068487584600939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068474758419180, language=CN, label=图13, caption=最终组合方案与原始基准工况C层燃烧器温度场, figureFileSmall=cUf0eWf8LbI1kaSKgQn2wA==, figureFileBig=YovrOwsmcLM5wKsEEZDpMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068487647515500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068474758419180, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Proximate and ultimate analysis of the coal

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工业分析w/%元素分析w/%Qnet,ar/(MJ·kg–1
MarVarFCarAarCarHarOarNarSar
23.9023.4526.6625.9936.042.179.600.551.0813.47
), ArticleFig(id=1295068487718818669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068474758419180, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

煤质分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工业分析w/%元素分析w/%Qnet,ar/(MJ·kg–1
MarVarFCarAarCarHarOarNarSar
23.9023.4526.6625.9936.042.179.600.551.0813.47
), ArticleFig(id=1295068487790121838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068474758419180, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Main operating parameters of the unit at 100% load and 40% load

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目100%额定负荷40%额定负荷
空气总质量流率/(kg·s–1567.59279.83
一次风质量流率/(kg·s–1181.4397.32
SOFA风质量流率/(kg·s–1175.9578.35
其他二次风质量流率/(kg·s–1187.5092.97
漏风质量流率/(kg·s–122.7011.19
再循环烟气质量流率/(kg·s–159
一次风温度/K338.15338.15
二次风温度/K621.15591.15
漏风温度/K300300
再循环烟气温度/K623.15
投运磨煤机A/B/C/D/EA/B/C
单台磨煤机给煤速度/(kg·s–116.0911.61
), ArticleFig(id=1295068487861425007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068474758419180, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

100%额定负荷及40%额定负荷的主要运行参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目100%额定负荷40%额定负荷
空气总质量流率/(kg·s–1567.59279.83
一次风质量流率/(kg·s–1181.4397.32
SOFA风质量流率/(kg·s–1175.9578.35
其他二次风质量流率/(kg·s–1187.5092.97
漏风质量流率/(kg·s–122.7011.19
再循环烟气质量流率/(kg·s–159
一次风温度/K338.15338.15
二次风温度/K621.15591.15
漏风温度/K300300
再循环烟气温度/K623.15
投运磨煤机A/B/C/D/EA/B/C
单台磨煤机给煤速度/(kg·s–116.0911.61
), ArticleFig(id=1295068487936922480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068474758419180, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Case setting

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工况代号负荷A方案B方案C方案(C′方案)D方案(D′方案)烟气量/(t·h–1
THA100100%额定负荷0
THA4040%额定负荷0
THA40-A40%额定负荷投运1、2、3层喷口220
THA40-B40%额定负荷投运1、2、3层喷口220
THA40-C40%额定负荷投运1、2、3层喷口220
THA40-D40%额定负荷投运1、2、3层喷口220
THA40-C′23440%额定负荷投运2、3、4层喷口220
THA40-D′23440%额定负荷投运2、3、4层喷口220
THA40-C′12-D’340%额定负荷投运1、2层喷口投运第3层喷口220
), ArticleFig(id=1295068488016614257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068474758419180, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

工况设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况代号负荷A方案B方案C方案(C′方案)D方案(D′方案)烟气量/(t·h–1
THA100100%额定负荷0
THA4040%额定负荷0
THA40-A40%额定负荷投运1、2、3层喷口220
THA40-B40%额定负荷投运1、2、3层喷口220
THA40-C40%额定负荷投运1、2、3层喷口220
THA40-D40%额定负荷投运1、2、3层喷口220
THA40-C′23440%额定负荷投运2、3、4层喷口220
THA40-D′23440%额定负荷投运2、3、4层喷口220
THA40-C′12-D’340%额定负荷投运1、2层喷口投运第3层喷口220
), ArticleFig(id=1295068488104694642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068474758419180, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Comparison between the experimental data and the simulation results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目试验值计算值相对误差
O2体积分数/%3.133.233.19%
NO质量浓度/(mg·m–3125.87118.875.56%
), ArticleFig(id=1295068488180192115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068474758419180, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

试验值与模拟值对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目试验值计算值相对误差
O2体积分数/%3.133.233.19%
NO质量浓度/(mg·m–3125.87118.875.56%
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660 MW超超临界四角切圆锅炉烟气再循环墙式布置方式优化数值模拟
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梁杰 1 , 何闯 2 , 任利明 1 , 李源 1 , 王锋涛 3 , 董行 4 , 宋贺 4 , 马仑 5 , 方庆艳 2
热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2026,55(6): 164-174
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热力发电 |热能科学研究 2026 , 55 (6) : 164 -174
660 MW超超临界四角切圆锅炉烟气再循环墙式布置方式优化数值模拟
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梁杰1 , 何闯2, 任利明1, 李源1, 王锋涛3, 董行4, 宋贺4, 马仑5, 方庆艳2
作者信息
  • 1.润电能源科学技术有限公司,河南 郑州 450052
  • 2.华中科技大学煤燃烧与低碳利用全国重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430074
  • 3.西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,陕西 西安 710049
  • 4.华润电力(锦州)有限公司,辽宁 锦州 121000
  • 5.武汉理工大学安全科学与应急管理学院,湖北 武汉 430070
通讯作者:
方庆艳(1974),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为生物质与煤先进燃烧理论与技术,
作者简介:

梁杰(1969),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为煤电灵活低碳与清洁高效,

Numerical simulation of wall-mounted FGR arrangement optimization for a 660 MW ultra-supercritical tangentially-fired boiler
Jie LIANG1 , Chuang HE2, Liming REN1, Yuan LI1, Fengtao WANG3, Hang DONG4, He SONG4, Lun MA5, Qingyan FANG2
Affiliations
  • 1.Rundian Energy Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450052, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
  • 3.School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
  • 4.China Resources Power (Jinzhou) Co., Ltd., Jinzhou 121000, China
  • 5.School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202509052
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【目的】

针对某660 MW超超临界四角切圆一次再热锅炉在低负荷下再热汽温偏低与屏式过热器局部超温问题,提出了一种燃烧器区域烟气再循环墙式布置方法,旨在实现协同提升再热汽温、抑制屏式过热器(屏过)超温,并确保燃烧稳定。

【方法】

基于数值模拟方法,在40%额定负荷条件下对该布置方式开展了优化研究:首先对比分析了基准工况以及角式与墙式集中布置烟气再循环方式的效果,进而探讨了墙式分组布置的可行性。

【结果】

研究结果表明:角式布置会显著增加煤粉气流的着火距离,不利于低负荷下的燃烧稳定;向火侧或背火侧墙式集中布置均可提高高温再热器吸热量,但难以同时缓解屏过局部超温;向火侧墙式分组布置可显著增强高温再热器的吸热效果,但仍存在屏过局部超温风险;背火侧墙式分组布置虽可降低屏过超温风险,但对再热器吸热量的提升效果有限;采用“向火侧下组两层+背火侧上组一层”的分组运行方式,可使高温再热器吸热量提高18.9%,有效缓解屏过局部超温问题,且不恶化燃烧稳定性。

【结论】

上述研究结果可为新一代煤电机组锅炉在宽负荷范围内的安全、灵活与高效运行提供设计参考和优化依据。

四角切圆锅炉  /  烟气再循环  /  再热汽温  /  数值模拟  /  优化
[Objective]

To address the issues of low reheated steam temperature and local overheating of platen superheaters (PSH) during low-load operation of a 660 MW ultra-supercritical tangentially fired once-reheat boiler, this study proposed a wall-mounted flue gas recirculation (FGR) arrangement in the burner region. The aim was to synergistically raise reheated steam temperature and suppress PSH overheating while maintaining combustion stability.

[Methods]

Numerical simulation was performed at 40% rated load to optimize the proposed layout. First, the baseline case and corner-mounted and wall-mounted concentrated FGR arrangements were compared. Subsequently, the feasibility of wall-mounted grouped injection was investigated.

[Results]

The results indicated that: corner-mounted FGR significantly increased the ignition distance of pulverized coal jets, which adversely affected low-load combustion stability. Both fire-side and rear-side concentrated FGR increased the heat absorption of the high-temperature reheater, but neither could simultaneously mitigate PSH local overheating. Fire-side grouped FGR substantially enhanced heat absorption of the reheater but still carried a risk of PSH overheating, whereas rear-side grouped FGR reduced the overheating risk but yielded only limited reheater improvement. A combined grouped arrangement, in which flue gas was injected through the two lower layers on the fire-side wall together with the upper layer on the rear-side wall, increased the heat absorption of the reheater by 18.9%, effectively mitigated local overheating of the PSH, and maintained stable combustion.

[Conclusion]

These findings provide design and optimization references for safe, flexible, and efficient boiler operation across wide load ranges in next-generation coal-fired power plants.

tangentially fired boiler  /  flue gas recirculation  /  reheated steam temperature  /  numerical simulation  /  optimization
梁杰, 何闯, 任利明, 李源, 王锋涛, 董行, 宋贺, 马仑, 方庆艳. 660 MW超超临界四角切圆锅炉烟气再循环墙式布置方式优化数值模拟. 热力发电, 2026 , 55 (6) : 164 -174 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202509052
Jie LIANG, Chuang HE, Liming REN, Yuan LI, Fengtao WANG, Hang DONG, He SONG, Lun MA, Qingyan FANG. Numerical simulation of wall-mounted FGR arrangement optimization for a 660 MW ultra-supercritical tangentially-fired boiler[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2026 , 55 (6) : 164 -174 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202509052
近年来,随着我国能源革命的深入推进和新型能源体系的加快建设,光伏、风电等清洁能源得到了快速发展。根据国家能源局发布的统计数据,截至2023年11月底,全国累计发电装机容量约28.5亿千瓦,同比增长13.6%,其中太阳能发电装机容量约5.6亿千瓦,同比增长49.9%;风电装机容量约4.1亿千瓦,同比增长17.6%[1]。在此背景下,燃煤机组作为电力系统调节性电源,被广泛要求参与深度调峰运行,不仅需要具备较大范围的负荷调节能力,还需能够保证机组在低负荷下长时间运行的安全性和稳定性。
当燃煤机组深度调峰至50%额定负荷以下运行,最低甚至低于30%额定负荷时,机组运行工况已明显偏离设计工况,导致主蒸汽和再热蒸汽温度下降、蒸汽品质降低、供电煤耗增加,运行经济性受到较大影响[2]。同时,由于实际燃用煤质与设计煤质存在较大偏差(如多煤种掺烧、低质煤应用等),主蒸汽及再热蒸汽参数难以保持在设计水平,进一步加剧了低负荷下运行的波动性与不稳定性[3]。尤其是在低负荷运行中,再热汽温不足已成为影响机组效率的突出问题,而炉膛出口烟气温度场不均又易导致屏式过热器(屏过)局部超温,这类问题不仅制约了深度调峰的进一步开展,而且给机组的长期安全运行带来潜在风险。
近年来,众多学者已对烟气再循环技术展开了研究,郭拯等[4]的研究表明,在不同负荷条件下,烟气再循环发挥着不同的作用:在低负荷下,通过提高气体流动强度和对流换热效率,从而提高高温过热器与高温再热器的吸热水平;而在高负荷下,烟气再循环主要用于改善烟气温度(烟温)偏差。孙俊威等[5]的热力学计算研究表明,将再循环烟气引入炉膛底部可以同时提升主蒸汽和再热蒸汽的温度;引入点为炉膛上方时,会降低主蒸汽温度,且不能明显提高再热蒸汽温度。郭馨等[6]结合了数值模拟与现场试验,研究表明烟气再循环对再热蒸汽温度有提升作用。李永生等[7]的数值模拟研究揭示了烟气再循环对燃烧和污染物排放的影响,结果显示,在BMCR负荷下,从主燃区下方适量引入烟气再循环可降低炉膛整体温度、抑制NOx生成并提升再热蒸汽温度。董凌霄等[8]的研究表明,烟气再循环会缩小燃烧器区域的高温范围,并改变锅炉的吸热分配,即降低水冷壁的吸热量,同时增加再热器、过热器和省煤器的吸热量,从而实现对蒸汽温度的调节。李超凡等[9]使用热力计算的方法,其研究表明,烟气引入炉膛底部时,燃烧器区域烟温下降显著,可调节再热汽温;引入上部时,炉膛出口烟温大幅降低,利于减轻结渣但对汽温调节作用弱,且随负荷降低,烟温下降幅度减小。周科等[10]对比了在主燃区下方、上方、上下方同时以及与一次风混合4种再循环烟气引入方式,结果表明:与一次风混合引入可显著降低NOx排放,而在主燃区下方引入则更有利于调节再热蒸汽温度。刘文胜等[11]为解决20%超低负荷下的NOx控制问题,其技术路径聚焦于将烟气混入一、二次风的不同分配策略。
目前,主流的烟气再循环喷口多采用角式布置,喷口位于燃烧器区域下方或上方,虽然能起到一定的调节汽温作用,但在低负荷条件下,这种布置方式会对燃烧器区域的空气动力场产生负面影响,影响燃烧稳定性,甚至影响机组实现更低负荷的稳定运行。同时,现有方案也难以兼顾提升再热蒸汽温度与缓解屏式过热器局部超温的双重需求。鉴于此,本文以某660 MW超超临界四角切圆一次再热锅炉为对象,提出了烟气再循环墙式布置方法,旨在提升再热汽温的同时减轻屏式过热器局部超温风险,并保持低负荷燃烧稳定性。本文采用数值模拟方法,在40%额定负荷工况下开展优化研究,首先对比分析了基准工况及角式、墙式集中布置的烟气再循环方式,并进一步探讨了墙式分组布置的效果,以期同时解决上述三大问题。
本文研究对象为某660 MW超超临界Π型锅炉,该锅炉采用四角切圆燃烧方式、一次中间再热、超超临界压力变压运行模式,主燃区配备有6层一次风(A、B、C、D、E、F),各一次风燃烧器上下两侧设置有二次辅助风(AA、AB、BA、BC、BC油辅、CB、CD、DC、DE、DE油辅、ED、EF油辅、FE、FF),主燃区上方布置有上下两组燃尽风,其中上组燃尽风(SOFA-up)含3层喷口,下组燃尽风(SOFA-low)含4层喷口,每层燃尽风喷口含2个喷嘴。受热面主要包括2层屏式过热器(沿炉宽方向布置6片)、1层高温过热器(沿炉宽方向布置36片)、1层高温再热器(沿炉宽方向布置91片)。图1为四角切圆燃煤锅炉结构,设计煤种为褐煤,其煤质分析见表1表2为100%额定负荷及40%额定负荷条件下锅炉运行参数。
在燃煤机组低负荷运行时,主要问题集中在再热蒸汽温度不足和屏式过热器超温方面。再热汽温显著下降,严重偏离设计值,这会直接影响机组循环效率及运行经济性。同时,机组屏式过热器存在局部超温现象,这类问题不仅限制了进一步的深度调峰空间,还存在长期运行的安全隐患。
本研究的数值模拟工作基于Fluent软件平台展开。在模型选择方面,湍流流动采用Realizable k-ε模型进行求解。对于煤粉燃烧过程,挥发分析出、气相燃烧及焦炭燃烧分别由双竞争模型、涡耗散模型以及动力/扩散控制的表面燃烧反应模型进行描述[12-14]。颗粒的运动轨迹通过随机轨道模型追踪,燃烧过程中的辐射传热则由DO辐射模型计算。此外,NOx的生成与反应机理选择了DeSoete机理[15]
为了提升关键区域的计算精度,在网格划分时对主燃区进行了局部加密处理,以准确模拟该区域物理量梯度大的特性,图2a)展示了炉膛中心纵截面网格,图2b)展示了炉膛主燃区横截面网格。
数值模拟工况设置见表3,总工况数设定为9个。THA100为100%额定负荷工况,用于网格无关性测试,同时与试验结果对比,验证本文建立的数值模拟模型的可靠性。
图3展示了优化前A、B、C、D 4种烟气再循环方案布置示意图,每种方案各设置3个烟气喷口,烟气从喷口分级喷入炉膛,每个喷口的尺寸为731 mm×319 mm。其中A方案布置在角上,位于A层燃烧器的下方;B方案同样布置在角上,位于上下组燃烧器之间(C、D层燃烧器之间);C方案布置在上下组燃烧器之间,位于C、D层燃烧器之间墙上的向火侧;D方案布置在上下组燃烧器之间,位于C、D层燃烧器之间墙上的背火侧。THA40为40%额定负荷下的基础工况,在此基础工况上对A、B、C、D 4种工况进行了模拟计算,用于初步探究4种烟气方案的影响。
基于4种烟气再循环分组方案的仿真结果,并结合锅炉现场实际运行情况进一步优化,提出了新的烟气再循环分组布置方案,具体如图4所示。该方案具体为:基于C、D方案,提出了C′、D′的喷口布置形式,为避免烟气集中喷入影响下方主燃区的稳燃,将其划分为上下两组布置。其中,下组烟气喷口设置于上下组燃烧器之间,上组烟气喷口布置在F层燃烧器上方;每组均配置两级烟气喷口,考虑到现场实际情况,正方形喷口较矩形喷口施工难度低,故将每个烟气喷口尺寸调整为490 mm× 490 mm。通过将烟气分组喷入炉膛,旨在探究可提升高温再热器的吸热量,减轻屏式过热器的高温区同时不干扰主燃区稳燃的烟气再循环优化方案。
该分组布置方案共设置4层喷口,但在实际运行时仅投运其中3层,即采用“下组两层+上组一层”或“上组两层+下组一层”的组合,为实现提升再热蒸汽温度与减轻屏式过热器局部超温这一双重目标的协同调节,提供了一定的灵活性。
该锅炉在THA100下的折焰角水平面质量加权平均温度如图5所示,通过对4种不同密度的网格进行独立性验证,最终确定采用3 292 156个网格的计算模型,该方案能够在保证计算精度的同时兼顾计算效率。
该四角切圆锅炉在100%额定负荷下炉膛出口烟气O2、NOx质量浓度的计算值与试验值(THA100工况)对比见表4,可知计算值与试验值的相对误差都在6%以内。
上述实际运行参数与计算值对比表明,本文建立的几何模型与选用的计算模型能合理模拟该660 MW四角切圆锅炉的实际燃烧特性。
结合图6中40%额定负荷下无烟气再循环工况及4种烟气再循环方案的C层燃烧器截面温度场分布可知:由于烟气再循环系统引入的烟气温度仅为623.15 K,远低于炉膛燃烧温度,因此实施烟气再循环后,4种方案主燃区的高温区域面积均有所减小;THA40-A与THA40-B工况的着火距离显著增加,且炉内流场较为紊乱,这对该负荷下燃烧的稳定性存在不利影响;而THA40-C与THA40-D工况的着火距离无明显变化,主燃区温度分布较均匀。从工程实施可行性分析,若采用A、B方案布置烟气再循环喷口,需对锅炉四角的燃烧器组件进行改造,结构改动复杂度高;而C、D方案的喷口开设于炉墙处,无需对核心燃烧设备进行大规模改造。
图7给出了40%额定负荷下无烟气再循环以及C、D 2种再循环方案在折焰角水平截面的温度分布情况。由图7可见,THA40-C工况下折焰角截面高温区面积相较于无烟气再循环时显著减小。这主要归因于炉膛主气流与再循环烟气在该工况下混合更为充分,从而降低了局部温度。而在THA40-D工况下,折焰角截面仍然存在较为集中的高温区域,表明其气流混合效果有限,可能导致屏式过热器受热面局部热负荷过高,增加受热面管壁超温风险。
锅炉各受热面的总吸热量与对流吸热量通过式(1)与式(2)进行计算:
QZ=i=1nQi
Qconv=i=1n(QiQrad,i)
式中:QZ为该类型受热面的总吸热量;Qconv为该类型受热面的总对流吸热量;Qi为该类型中第i个受热面的总吸热量;Qrad,i为该类型中第i个受热面的总辐射吸热量。
结合图8中40%额定负荷下基准工况及C、D方案各受热面的总吸热量与对流吸热量分布规律可知:在总吸热量维度,由于烟气再循环所引入的烟气温度低于炉膛内火焰温度,致使炉膛平均温度降低,辐射换热强度减弱,进而造成炉膛总吸热量呈下降态势,此规律与柱状图的统计结果相契合;在对流吸热量维度,高温过热器与高温再热器的对流吸热量相较于基准工况均呈提升趋势。这是因为烟气再循环既提高了高温过热器、高温再热器区域的对流换热占比,又强化了炉膛内部烟气的流动特性,使对流换热系数得以增大;依据对流换热的基本原理,对流换热系数的增大直接推动了对流吸热量的增加。
图9呈现了40%额定负荷下基准工况及C、D方案的烟气再循环第1层喷口高度处的横截面速度流线分布:C方案喷口布置于向火侧炉墙,4个喷口喷出的再循环烟气对主气流形成包裹效应,强化了气流的旋转残余;D方案喷口设置在背火侧,其喷出的再循环烟气所形成的气流旋转方向,与下方主气流的逆时针旋转方向相反,起到了消旋作用。王小华等[16]的研究表明,炉膛出口存在的旋转残余会破坏烟气温度场的均匀性,造成再热器受热面左右侧吸热不平衡,具体表现为再热汽温整体降低且两侧温差增大。由此可见,旋转残余是导致再热汽温不足及偏差的重要诱因,因此在引入烟气再循环技术时,需控制炉膛出口旋转残余的强度,避免其过度发展。
从受热面吸热特性来看,C方案相比D方案能够降低屏式过热器的吸热量,有助于缓解屏式过热器的局部超温问题;而D方案可在一定程度上削弱主气流的旋转残余,使主气流到达炉膛出口位置时,气流的温度场、速度场分布更为均匀,这对于水平烟道区域受热面的换热过程更为有利。同时,C、D方案下高温过热器、高温再热器的总吸热量均有所提升,说明引入烟气再循环技术可实现再热汽温的提高。综合上述分析,后续优化方案可兼顾C、D方案的技术优势,具体为:C方案开启上下组燃烧器之间的喷口,D方案开启上组燃烧器上方的喷口。
根据表2的风量分配数据,引入烟气再循环后,一次风、SOFA风、其余二次风及再循环烟气量分别占总风量的28.70%、27.40%、23.12%、17.40%。可见,从上下组燃烧器之间集中喷入的再循环烟气占比较高,且烟气喷口与下方主燃区的距离较近,这会对燃烧过程产生影响;同时,3层烟气喷口在高度方向上的间距偏小,若在垂直方向同时开启C方案与D方案的喷口,顺时针气流与逆时针烟气会发生相互掺混,将对炉膛内部流场造成显著扰动。
由于集中喷入再循环烟气易引发炉膛流场紊乱且影响燃烧稳定性的问题,进一步提出了分组布置方式。通过在上下组燃烧器之间分层设置喷口,并在上组燃烧器上方增设喷口,实现再循环烟气的分散引入,有利于优化炉膛流场分布、削弱燃烧过程的扰动效应,进而提升系统运行的可控性。40%额定负荷及烟气再循环分组方案各受热面吸热量对比如图10所示。由图10可知,在40%额定负荷下,烟气再循环分组方案各受热面总吸热量呈现差异化特征:对于THA40-C′234工况,炉膛吸热量降幅显著,这是由于C′方案中,外围气流对炉膛中心高温主气流形成包裹效应,削弱了炉膛水冷壁的辐射换热强度;同时,气流在上升过程中温降幅度较小,一方面促使气流流速加快,另一方面混合后的烟气仍维持较高温度,二者的协同作用对水平烟道内高温再热器的吸热量提升具有显著促进作用。该工况下,高温过热器与高温再热器的吸热量均得到明显提升,这对解决再热汽温不足问题具有积极意义;但屏式过热器吸热量提升了12.2%,加之折焰角平面处旋转残余较强,易造成屏式过热器受热面局部超温的风险。
对于THA40-D′234工况,炉膛与高温过热器的总吸热量提升并不显著,归因于D′方案喷入的3层再循环烟气发挥了削旋作用,对主燃区气流的上行运动形成阻碍,使得火焰集中分布于炉膛中下部区域,具体如图11所示。此工况下,高温再热器吸热量提升了6.9%,虽增幅低于THA40-C′234工况,但仍能在一定程度上改善再热汽温不足的问题;且屏式过热器吸热量显著下降,可有效缓解其受热面局部超温的问题。
鉴于THA40-C′234工况对再热汽温的提升效果显著,但存在加剧屏式过热器局部超温的潜在风险,而THA40-D′234工况虽能缓解屏式过热器局部超温,却对再热汽温的提升作用有限,因此本文进一步提出C′与D′方案的组合工况,即THA40-C′12-D′3。该工况下,炉膛总吸热量略有下降,屏式过热器总吸热量显著降低,同时高温过热器与高温再热器的总吸热量提升效果明显,实现了屏式过热器受热面局部超温问题与再热汽温不足问题的协同优化。
图12a)呈现40%额定负荷下不同烟气再循环分组方案的折焰角水平面速度流线分布特征。由图12可知,未引入再循环烟气的基准工况THA40中,气流主要汇聚于靠近后墙、x方向10~15 m且y方向0~15 m的区域,该区域流速较高,表现出显著的旋转残余现象。THA40-C′234工况下,C′方案开启第2、3、4层喷口,喷入的3层再循环烟气与主气流旋转方向一致,进一步强化了旋转残余,导致折焰角平面内高流速区域的范围有所扩大;旋转残余的增强会对再热汽温的提升产生不利影响。相较而言,THA40-D′234工况开启D′方案的第2、3、4层喷口,喷入烟气的旋转方向与主气流相反,起到削弱旋转的作用,使得折焰角平面的旋转残余明显减弱,同时高流速区域的面积显著减小。图12b)展示对应工况下折焰角水平面的温度场分布。可见,THA40-C′234、THA40-D′234以及THA40-C′12-D′3工况下,高温区域均呈现不同程度的缩减趋势。结合图10的受热面吸热量规律可知,THA40-C′234工况虽在整体吸热分配上有利于提高再热器吸热量,但折焰角平面仍保留较大范围的高温区,且伴随较强的旋转残余与较高的流速,可能加剧屏式过热器局部超温的问题;与之相比,THA40-D′234工况下高温区面积显著缩小,有助于缓解受热面超温现象。
图13对比了THA40-C′12-D′3工况与原始基准工况THA40的C层燃烧器温度场。由图13可知,采用THA40-C′12-D′3工况的烟气再循环引入方式,其火焰着火距离与基准工况相近,炉膛中心温度场分布亦保持稳定,说明该方式未对燃烧稳定性产生不利影响。
综合分析可知,THA40-C′12-D′3工况兼具C′234与D′234工况的技术优势。从图12可见,该工况下折焰角水平面的高流速区域有所减少,温度沿炉宽方向的分布更为均匀,温度梯度降低,这使得屏式过热器各受热面的吸热趋于均衡,同时降低了局部超温的风险,且未对燃烧稳定性造成不利影响。
本文针对某660 MW超超临界四角切圆一次再热锅炉在低负荷运行中出现的再热汽温偏低及屏式过热器局部超温问题,提出了燃烧器区域烟气再循环墙式布置方法,旨在协同解决上述问题并确保燃烧稳定,研究结论如下。
1)在40%额定负荷无烟气再循环条件下,炉膛出口存在较大高温区和明显旋转残余,导致再热汽温不足并增加屏式过热器局部超温风险。引入烟气再循环后,炉膛主燃区高温区范围缩小,对流换热增强,高温过热器与再热器吸热量均有所提升,有助于缓解低负荷下的再热蒸汽温度不足问题。
2)烟气喷口集中布置方式下,通过向火侧喷口引入烟气,可以缓解屏过局部超温,但对高温再热器吸热量提升有限,提升幅度仅5.7%;通过背火侧喷口引入烟气,对高温再热器吸热量提升幅度达20.9%,效果显著,但可能会加剧屏过局部超温。
3)烟气喷口分组布置方式下,通过向火侧喷口引入烟气可以显著提升再热器吸热量,但伴随旋转残余增强及局部高温区扩大;通过背火侧喷口引入烟气,可降低屏过吸热并缓解局部超温,但对高温再热器吸热量提升有限,同时会降低高温过热器的吸热量。
4)向火侧下组两层与背火侧上组一层烟气分组的组合方案,兼顾了向火侧与背火侧分组布置的优势,一方面降低了屏过吸热与旋转残余,使炉膛出口温度场更加均匀,减轻局部超温风险;另一方面使高温再热器吸热量增加18.9%,并缓解了屏过局部超温的风险,确保了燃烧稳定,展现出良好的适应性。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFB4106103)
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202509052
  • 接收时间:2025-09-17
  • 首发时间:2026-08-14
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-17
  • 修回日期:2025-10-17
  • 录用日期:2025-10-20
基金
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFB4106103)
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFB4106103)
作者信息
    1.润电能源科学技术有限公司,河南 郑州 450052
    2.华中科技大学煤燃烧与低碳利用全国重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430074
    3.西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,陕西 西安 710049
    4.华润电力(锦州)有限公司,辽宁 锦州 121000
    5.武汉理工大学安全科学与应急管理学院,湖北 武汉 430070

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方庆艳(1974),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为生物质与煤先进燃烧理论与技术,
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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