Article(id=1295068410975637735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295068190569164906, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202510034, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760544000000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-16, revisedDate=1762704000000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-10, acceptedDate=1763395200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-11-18, onlineDate=1786697970383, onlineDateStr=2026-08-14, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1786697970383, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1786697970383, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1786697970383, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1295068190569164906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2026', volume='55', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1786697917835, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1786698816898, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1295071961596584952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295068190569164906, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1295071961596584953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295068190569164906, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=83, endPage=90, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1295068411172770024, articleId=1295068410975637735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Study on corrosion behavior of 304 stainless steel in aluminum-containing solar thermal storage molten salt, columnId=1295068192326574197, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Energy storage technology research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
[Objective] This article aims to improve the corrosion resistance of 304 stainless steel in high-temperature chloride molten salts, clarify the application effect and corrosion inhibition mechanism of aluminum powder as a corrosion inhibitor, and provide a practical reference for the material protection of solar thermal storage molten salt systems.
[Methods] The high-temperature electrochemical corrosion behavior of 304 stainless steel was investigated in a ternary chloride molten salt (NaCl-KCl-MgCl2) at 700 ℃ with the addition of aluminum powder at mass fractions of 0, 1%, 2%, and 5% respectively. Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to evaluate the corrosion kinetics and interfacial characteristics. The surface and cross-sectional morphologies, elemental distribution, and phase composition of corrosion products were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
[Results] The addition of aluminum powder significantly suppressed the corrosion of 304 stainless steel. With 5% aluminum powder addition, the corrosion current density decreased from 299.98 mA/cm2 (without addition) to 31.673 mA/cm2, representing a reduction of 89.4%. The polarization resistance increased markedly from 0.348 Ω (without aluminum) to 2.974 Ω (with 5% aluminum), indicating enhanced resistance to corrosion reactions. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis revealed that the addition of aluminum altered the corrosion control mechanism from diffusion-controlled (without aluminum) to a dual-layer synergistic protection system at higher aluminum contents. After 100 h of corrosion,the thickness of the internal diffusion layer was significantly reduced from 150 μm (without aluminum) to 36 μm (with 5% aluminum powder addition). XRD and SEM/EDS analysis showed that at aluminum additions of 2% and 5%,a continuous and dense Al2O3 layer formed on the surface,while aluminum diffused inward to form an aluminum-rich layer and intermetallic AlNi3 phase within the alloy subsurface. This dual-layer structure effectively suppressed the outward diffusion of Cr and Fe,thereby mitigating corrosion.
[Conclusion] The corrosion inhibition mechanism of aluminum powder involves a synergistic protective process. Aluminum preferentially reacts with oxidizing impurities (e.g., moisture and oxygen) in the molten salt, forming a stable Al2O3 film on the alloy surface. Simultaneously, a portion of aluminum diffuses inward, creating an aluminum-rich layer and precipitating AlNi3 phases, which together act as an internal diffusion barrier. This combined surface film and internal diffusion barrier system effectively blocks the outward migration of Cr and Fe, substantially reducing the corrosion rate. The results demonstrate that adding aluminum powder to chloride molten salts is a simple and effective strategy to enhance the corrosion resistance of 304 stainless steel. Future work should focus on the evaluation of the long-term durability and erosion resistance of this protective system under dynamic flow conditions, to facilitate its practical applications in concentrating solar power systems.
, authors=Fengyuan LÜ
1, 2, Ming ZHU
1, Huihui ZHANG
2, Panshi XIE
1, Wenyu LÜ
1, Cheng TANG
1, authorsList=Fengyuan LÜ, Ming ZHU, Huihui ZHANG, Panshi XIE, Wenyu LÜ, Cheng TANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ming ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1295068412636582135, articleId=1295068410975637735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=304不锈钢在含Al太阳能储热熔盐中的腐蚀行为研究, columnId=1236714914694361723, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=储能技术研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
【目的】 为提升304不锈钢在高温氯化物熔盐中的耐蚀性能,明确Al粉作为缓蚀剂的应用效果及缓蚀机理,为太阳能储热熔盐体系的材料防护提供实践参考。
【方法】 采用动电位极化和电化学阻抗谱法研究304不锈钢在700 ℃的NaCl-KCl-MgCl2熔盐中添加质量分数分别为0、1%、2%和5%的Al粉后的高温电化学腐蚀行为,采用SEM/EDS和XRD分析腐蚀产物的形貌与相组成。
【结果】 Al粉的添加显著抑制了304不锈钢的腐蚀,当添加量达到5%时,腐蚀电流密度从299.98 mA/cm2(未添加)降至31.673 mA/cm2,降幅高达89.4%。腐蚀100 h后,合金内部扩散层厚度从150 μm(未添加)显著减薄至36 μm(添加5%Al粉)。
【结论】 其缓蚀机理为:Al粉优先与熔盐中的杂质反应在304不锈钢表面生成Al2O3膜,进而向内扩散形成富Al层,阻碍Cr、Fe等内部元素的向外扩散,最终形成由表面Al2O3膜与内层富Al层扩散屏障组成的协同防护体系。
, authors=吕凤圆
1, 2, 朱明
1, 张慧慧
2, 解盘石
1, 吕文玉
1, 汤成
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1.School of Energy and Mining Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
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1.西安科技大学能源与矿业工程学院,陕西 西安 710054
2.西安科技大学材料科学与工程学院,陕西 西安 710054, bio={"content":"
吕凤圆(2000),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为高温电站材料腐蚀与防护,18235091521@163.com。
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吕凤圆(2000),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为高温电站材料腐蚀与防护,18235091521@163.com。
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Schematic diagram of the corrosion experimental device for 304 stainless steel in chloride molten salts, figureFileSmall=T0NsiIhBbhAQ8pW4PR1rjw==, figureFileBig=fqIxNOYyvU4vT0xeJoIqZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068416788943144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068410975637735, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
304不锈钢在氯化物熔盐中的腐蚀实验装置示意, figureFileSmall=T0NsiIhBbhAQ8pW4PR1rjw==, figureFileBig=fqIxNOYyvU4vT0xeJoIqZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068416977686825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068410975637735, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Potentiodynamic polarization curves of 304 stainless steel in chloride molten salts at 700 ℃ with different mass fractions of Al powder, figureFileSmall=CJfuudjLImL/bOJYCtOZJg==, figureFileBig=FqjDroqza+9OT/GOvd3qXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068417040601386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068410975637735, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
304不锈钢在700 ℃的氯化物熔盐中添加不同Al粉含量时的动电位极化曲线, figureFileSmall=CJfuudjLImL/bOJYCtOZJg==, figureFileBig=FqjDroqza+9OT/GOvd3qXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068417107710251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068410975637735, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of corrosion of 304 stainless steel in chloride molten salts with different contents of Al powder at 700 ℃, figureFileSmall=PgkFIDV7yCPdcSJMcHHVfQ==, figureFileBig=Kn0/swf+wboAS5TNn+OoXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068417166430508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068410975637735, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
700 ℃下304不锈钢在添加不同含量Al粉的氯化物熔盐中的腐蚀电化学阻抗谱图, figureFileSmall=PgkFIDV7yCPdcSJMcHHVfQ==, figureFileBig=Kn0/swf+wboAS5TNn+OoXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068417233539373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068410975637735, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Equivalent circuit models for EIS data fitting, figureFileSmall=Ep7IZz6JqvQXKVu51Zug1Q==, figureFileBig=QTNK2Vfns96zeVeU+vX2TA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068418936426798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068410975637735, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
用于拟合EIS数据的等效电路模型, figureFileSmall=Ep7IZz6JqvQXKVu51Zug1Q==, figureFileBig=QTNK2Vfns96zeVeU+vX2TA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068419016118575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068410975637735, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
XRD patterns of 304 stainless steel after corrosion for 100 h in chloride molten salts with different mass fractions of Al powder at 700 ℃, figureFileSmall=C/4nylWDijcbfV1Jla7sHQ==, figureFileBig=6fnfa9OivNt7HJQ922oROQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068419246805296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068410975637735, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
700 ℃下304不锈钢在添加不同质量分数Al粉的氯化物熔盐中腐蚀100 h的XRD图谱, figureFileSmall=C/4nylWDijcbfV1Jla7sHQ==, figureFileBig=6fnfa9OivNt7HJQ922oROQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068419318108465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068410975637735, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Surface and cross-sectional morphologies of 304 stainless steel after corrosion for 100 h in chloride molten salts at 700 ℃, figureFileSmall=kH6nViag+bRWxb1bVhVWzw==, figureFileBig=/KCvjvYkz706uWbMJ34L2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068419381023026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068410975637735, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
304不锈钢在700 ℃的氯化物熔盐中腐蚀100 h后的表面和截面形貌, figureFileSmall=kH6nViag+bRWxb1bVhVWzw==, figureFileBig=/KCvjvYkz706uWbMJ34L2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068419439743283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068410975637735, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Elemental distributions of 304 stainless steel after corrosion for 100 h in chloride molten salts at 700 ℃, figureFileSmall=2giFNqh1bRR7vJlMgXAJWA==, figureFileBig=z2b4IOKfirTws54XLO/SLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068419498463540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068410975637735, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
304不锈钢在700 ℃的氯化物熔盐中腐蚀100 h后的元素分布, figureFileSmall=2giFNqh1bRR7vJlMgXAJWA==, figureFileBig=z2b4IOKfirTws54XLO/SLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068419573961013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068410975637735, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Chemical composition of 304 stainless steel
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| Cr | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ni | Fe |
|---|
| 18.40 | 0.05 | 0.95 | 1.90 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 10.60 | 其余 |
), ArticleFig(id=1295068419645264182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068410975637735, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
304不锈钢的化学成分的质量分数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Cr | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ni | Fe |
|---|
| 18.40 | 0.05 | 0.95 | 1.90 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 10.60 | 其余 |
), ArticleFig(id=1295068419716567351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068410975637735, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
Fitting results of polarization curves for 304 stainless steel in chloride molten salts at 700 ℃ with different mass fractions of Al powder
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| 工况 | ba/(mV·dec–1) | bc/(mV·dec–1) | Ecorr/mV | jcorr/(mA·cm–2) | Rp/Ω |
|---|
| 0%-3 h | 3 439.30 | 250.16 | –201.46 | 202.140 | 3.111 40 |
| 0%-100 h | 356.98 | 736.24 | –158.65 | 299.980 | 0.348 05 |
| 1%-3 h | 229.95 | 294.65 | –310.88 | 46.050 | 1.218 10 |
| 1%-100 h | 508.69 | 515.68 | –181.65 | 130.960 | 0.802 14 |
| 2%-3 h | 854.57 | 819.83 | –409.19 | 12.849 | 14.143 00 |
| 2%-100 h | 788.89 | 400.28 | –305.62 | 68.101 | 1.663 60 |
| 5%-3 h | 492.61 | 298.70 | –334.06 | 24.349 | 3.316 70 |
| 5%-100 h | 801.43 | 297.29 | –295.48 | 31.673 | 2.973 50 |
), ArticleFig(id=1295068419779481912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068410975637735, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
304不锈钢在700 ℃的氯化物熔盐中添加不同质量分数Al粉时的极化曲线拟合结果
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| 工况 | ba/(mV·dec–1) | bc/(mV·dec–1) | Ecorr/mV | jcorr/(mA·cm–2) | Rp/Ω |
|---|
| 0%-3 h | 3 439.30 | 250.16 | –201.46 | 202.140 | 3.111 40 |
| 0%-100 h | 356.98 | 736.24 | –158.65 | 299.980 | 0.348 05 |
| 1%-3 h | 229.95 | 294.65 | –310.88 | 46.050 | 1.218 10 |
| 1%-100 h | 508.69 | 515.68 | –181.65 | 130.960 | 0.802 14 |
| 2%-3 h | 854.57 | 819.83 | –409.19 | 12.849 | 14.143 00 |
| 2%-100 h | 788.89 | 400.28 | –305.62 | 68.101 | 1.663 60 |
| 5%-3 h | 492.61 | 298.70 | –334.06 | 24.349 | 3.316 70 |
| 5%-100 h | 801.43 | 297.29 | –295.48 | 31.673 | 2.973 50 |
), ArticleFig(id=1295068419846590777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068410975637735, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=
Fitting values of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests for 304 stainless steel in chloride molten salts with different mass fractions of Al powder at 700 ℃
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 工况 | Rs/Ω | Rp1/Ω | Y0,CPE1/S | nCPE1 | RW/Ω | Y0,CPE2/S | nCPE2 | Rp2/Ω | Y0,CPE3/s | nCPE3 |
|---|
| 0%-20 h | 0.304 93 | 0.989 76 | 0.400 59 | 0.795 2 | 0.969 4 | 1.703 100 | 1.100 | | | |
| 0%-100 h | 0.323 41 | 0.104 01 | 0.184 05 | 0.744 6 | 0.809 2 | 6.968 200 | 0.695 | | | |
| 1%-20 h | 0.346 18 | 39.526 00 | 1.767 90 | 0.669 3 | | | | | | |
| 1%-100 h | 0.234 68 | 0.195 26 | 0.136 93 | 0.748 0 | 1.610 3 | 0.049 857 | 1.100 | | | |
| 2%-20 h | 0.364 93 | 1.007 70 | 0.283 07 | 0.997 8 | | | | 21.765 0 | 0.249 28 | 0.834 9 |
| 2%-100 h | 0.421 36 | 0.030 92 | 0.233 66 | 0.977 7 | | | | 6.327 2 | 3.196 80 | 0.789 0 |
| 5%-20 h | 0.576 66 | 0.656 62 | 3.533 20 | 0.942 2 | | | | 9.514 8 | 1.355 60 | 0.785 8 |
| 5%-100 h | 0.556 07 | 5.770 00 | 3.295 90 | 0.924 3 | | | | 17.126 0 | 0.731 21 | 0.877 7 |
), ArticleFig(id=1295068419913699642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068410975637735, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
700 ℃下304不锈钢在添加不同质量分数Al粉的氯化物熔盐中的电化学阻抗谱测试拟合值
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 工况 | Rs/Ω | Rp1/Ω | Y0,CPE1/S | nCPE1 | RW/Ω | Y0,CPE2/S | nCPE2 | Rp2/Ω | Y0,CPE3/s | nCPE3 |
|---|
| 0%-20 h | 0.304 93 | 0.989 76 | 0.400 59 | 0.795 2 | 0.969 4 | 1.703 100 | 1.100 | | | |
| 0%-100 h | 0.323 41 | 0.104 01 | 0.184 05 | 0.744 6 | 0.809 2 | 6.968 200 | 0.695 | | | |
| 1%-20 h | 0.346 18 | 39.526 00 | 1.767 90 | 0.669 3 | | | | | | |
| 1%-100 h | 0.234 68 | 0.195 26 | 0.136 93 | 0.748 0 | 1.610 3 | 0.049 857 | 1.100 | | | |
| 2%-20 h | 0.364 93 | 1.007 70 | 0.283 07 | 0.997 8 | | | | 21.765 0 | 0.249 28 | 0.834 9 |
| 2%-100 h | 0.421 36 | 0.030 92 | 0.233 66 | 0.977 7 | | | | 6.327 2 | 3.196 80 | 0.789 0 |
| 5%-20 h | 0.576 66 | 0.656 62 | 3.533 20 | 0.942 2 | | | | 9.514 8 | 1.355 60 | 0.785 8 |
| 5%-100 h | 0.556 07 | 5.770 00 | 3.295 90 | 0.924 3 | | | | 17.126 0 | 0.731 21 | 0.877 7 |
), ArticleFig(id=1295068419985002811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068410975637735, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=
Surface EDS analysis of 304 stainless steel corroded for 100 h in chloride molten salts with different mass fractions of Al powder at 700 ℃
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 区域 | O | Mg | Al | Cr | Fe | Ni |
|---|
| 1 | 0.74 | 0.19 | | 13.51 | 76.24 | 9.10 |
| 2 | 2.89 | 0.20 | | 11.56 | 75.38 | 9.75 |
| 3 | 1.51 | 1.07 | 1.51 | 8.76 | 70.90 | 12.59 |
| 4 | 5.64 | 1.40 | 5.64 | 16.36 | 64.79 | 9.09 |
| 5 | 7.67 | 2.36 | 7.67 | 11.58 | 67.71 | 9.53 |
| 6 | 8.92 | 4.50 | 8.92 | 15.41 | 61.75 | 8.78 |
| 7 | 13.28 | 1.45 | 13.28 | 14.56 | 60.39 | 9.97 |
| 8 | 8.40 | 2.10 | 8.40 | 14.71 | 63.43 | 10.78 |
), ArticleFig(id=1295068420060500284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068410975637735, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
700 ℃下304不锈钢在添加不同Al粉的氯化物熔盐中腐蚀100 h的表面EDS分析
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 区域 | O | Mg | Al | Cr | Fe | Ni |
|---|
| 1 | 0.74 | 0.19 | | 13.51 | 76.24 | 9.10 |
| 2 | 2.89 | 0.20 | | 11.56 | 75.38 | 9.75 |
| 3 | 1.51 | 1.07 | 1.51 | 8.76 | 70.90 | 12.59 |
| 4 | 5.64 | 1.40 | 5.64 | 16.36 | 64.79 | 9.09 |
| 5 | 7.67 | 2.36 | 7.67 | 11.58 | 67.71 | 9.53 |
| 6 | 8.92 | 4.50 | 8.92 | 15.41 | 61.75 | 8.78 |
| 7 | 13.28 | 1.45 | 13.28 | 14.56 | 60.39 | 9.97 |
| 8 | 8.40 | 2.10 | 8.40 | 14.71 | 63.43 | 10.78 |
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