Article(id=1295068330398864058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295068190569164906, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202510037, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760630400000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-17, revisedDate=1765814400000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-16, acceptedDate=1765900800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-12-17, onlineDate=1786697951172, onlineDateStr=2026-08-14, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1786697951172, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1786697951172, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1786697951172, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1295068190569164906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2026', volume='55', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1786697917835, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1786698816898, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1295071961596584952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295068190569164906, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1295071961596584953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295068190569164906, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=15, endPage=27, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1295068330847654588, articleId=1295068330398864058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=A review on the high temperature corrosion and protection technology in biomass power plant boilers, columnId=1295068192175583339, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Technical and economic reciew, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
[Significance]

Biomass power generation plays a crucial role in China’s efforts to achieve the “dual carbon” goal. The goal focuses on peaking carbon dioxide emissions and reaching carbon neutrality within a predefined timeline. However, high chlorine and alkali metal contents are naturally present in biomass fuels. Due to this characteristic, biomass boilers are prone to severe high-temperature corrosion during operation. The long-term reliability and safety of boiler systems are undermined by this issue. A systematic and comprehensive review of high-temperature corrosion in biomass boilers is provided in this paper. The corrosion mechanisms, influencing factors, and mitigation technologies are covered, with the aim of providing a valuable reference for both research and engineering practices.

[Analysis]

Firstly, the typical characteristics of high-temperature corrosion in biomass-fired boilers are outlined. On this basis, the corrosion mechanisms involving key media such as chlorine, alkali metals, and sulfur are elaborated. Subsequently, the influence of multiple critical factors on corrosion behavior is analyzed in detail. The reaction rate of corrosive processes is directly regulated by temperature. The corrosive environment is changed by flue gas composition. The formation of protective or corrosive deposits is affected by ash composition. The intrinsic corrosion resistance of boiler components is determined by material properties. Finally, a series of prevention and control technologies are summarized. These technologies have been validated through laboratory experiments or long-term engineering practice. They include fuel pretreatment (to reduce corrosive constituents), coating protection (to isolate metal surfaces from corrosive media), additive inhibition (to suppress harmful chemical reactions), and external fluidized beds (to optimize combustion and corrosion conditions). The unique application features, advantages, limitations and economic efficiency of each technology are also discussed.

[Prospect]

Future research can be deepened from three key aspects. First, advanced materials science should be integrated to elucidate the microscopic mechanisms of multi-medium coupled corrosion. Interface reactions and damage evolution processes at the atomic and molecular levels can be uncovered. Second, efforts should be intensified to develop novel high-performance protective materials. These materials should be endowed with exceptional high-temperature stability, corrosion resistance and mechanical strength. The harsh operating environments of biomass boilers must be withstood by them. Third, an integrated and collaborative control strategy should be established. This strategy is synergistically combined with fuel pretreatment, scientific additive selection, optimized operational parameters, and advanced material protection. Full-cycle, multi-dimensional corrosion control is the ultimate goal to be achieved. Through the synergistic innovation of mechanism research, advanced material development and systematic prevention-and-control technologies, it is expected to provide essential support for the safe, efficient, and low-cost operation of biomass boilers.

, authors=Xiaobo LIU1, 2, Xuguang JIANG2, Zhen LIU1, Keliang LIU1, Miao YU1, authorsList=Xiaobo LIU, Xuguang JIANG, Zhen LIU, Keliang LIU, Miao YU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Miao YU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1295068334224069321, articleId=1295068330398864058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=生物质电站锅炉高温腐蚀及防控技术综述, columnId=1213131706056491400, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=技术经济综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
【意义】

生物质发电对我国实现“双碳”目标至关重要,但其锅炉普遍存在因燃料高氯、高碱引发的高温腐蚀问题,严重制约了机组蒸汽参数与效率的提升。本文旨在系统梳理该问题的机理、影响因素及防控技术,为相关研究与实践提供参考。

【分析】

首先概括了生物质锅炉高温腐蚀的典型特征,系统阐述了氯、碱金属和硫等关键介质的腐蚀作用机理;进而分析了温度、烟气成分、灰分组成及材料属性等因素对腐蚀行为的影响规律;最后,归纳总结了燃料预处理、涂层防护、添加剂抑制及外置床等经试验或工程验证的防控技术,并比较了它们的应用特点及经济性。

【展望】

未来研究可从三方面深化:一是融合先进材料科学技术揭示多介质耦合腐蚀的微观机理;二是开发高温稳定性好的新型防护材料;三是构建“燃料-添加剂-运行-防护”一体化协同控制策略。通过机理研究、材料开发与系统防控技术的协同创新,有望为生物质锅炉安全、高效、低成本运行提供关键支撑。

, authors=刘晓博1, 2, 蒋旭光2, 刘珍1, 刘可亮1, 俞苗1, authorsList=刘晓博, 蒋旭光, 刘珍, 刘可亮, 俞苗, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=俞苗, authorNote=

刘晓博(1996),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为固废与生物质能源高效清洁利用,

, correspAuthorsNote=
俞苗(1972),男,学士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为清洁能源开发利用与新能源储能,
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=TsiItAi5IEIJR0g9Z5uBMA==, magXml=PG5no4yYR9eoYE0AlzD2RQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=DSkj7ANOcfXlZrT6LURGIw==, pdfFileSize=1565217, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=mgIDmuEBcjf1lC4UtOzMzQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=nWI3eVRMJIoq6WqtfYSuXQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1295068334714802897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=xiaobo_liu@zju.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1295068334802883284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, authorId=1295068334714802897, language=EN, stringName=Xiaobo LIU, firstName=Xiaobo, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.Xizi Clean Energy Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310021, China
2.State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1295068334853214933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, authorId=1295068334714802897, language=CN, stringName=刘晓博, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.西子清洁能源装备制造股份有限公司,浙江 杭州 310021
2.浙江大学能源高效清洁利用全国重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310027, bio={"content":"

刘晓博(1996),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为固废与生物质能源高效清洁利用,

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

刘晓博(1996),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为固废与生物质能源高效清洁利用,

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1295068334547030730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334555419339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334547030730, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Xizi Clean Energy Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334559613644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334547030730, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西子清洁能源装备制造股份有限公司,浙江 杭州 310021)]), AuthorCompany(id=1295068334622528205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334630916814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334622528205, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334639305423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334622528205, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.浙江大学能源高效清洁利用全国重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310027)])]), Author(id=1295068334916129495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1295068335029375705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, authorId=1295068334916129495, language=EN, stringName=Xuguang JIANG, firstName=Xuguang, middleName=null, lastName=JIANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1295068335096484570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, authorId=1295068334916129495, language=CN, stringName=蒋旭光, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.浙江大学能源高效清洁利用全国重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310027, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1295068334622528205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334630916814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334622528205, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334639305423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334622528205, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.浙江大学能源高效清洁利用全国重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310027)])]), Author(id=1295068335176176348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1295068335247479518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, authorId=1295068335176176348, language=EN, stringName=Zhen LIU, firstName=Zhen, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Xizi Clean Energy Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310021, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1295068335314588383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, authorId=1295068335176176348, language=CN, stringName=刘珍, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.西子清洁能源装备制造股份有限公司,浙江 杭州 310021, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1295068334547030730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334555419339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334547030730, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Xizi Clean Energy Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334559613644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334547030730, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西子清洁能源装备制造股份有限公司,浙江 杭州 310021)])]), Author(id=1295068335377502945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1295068335453000419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, authorId=1295068335377502945, language=EN, stringName=Keliang LIU, firstName=Keliang, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Xizi Clean Energy Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310021, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1295068335515914980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, authorId=1295068335377502945, language=CN, stringName=刘可亮, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.西子清洁能源装备制造股份有限公司,浙江 杭州 310021, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1295068334547030730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334555419339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334547030730, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Xizi Clean Energy Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334559613644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334547030730, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西子清洁能源装备制造股份有限公司,浙江 杭州 310021)])]), Author(id=1295068335574635238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yu.miao@xizice.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1295068335645938408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, authorId=1295068335574635238, language=EN, stringName=Miao YU, firstName=Miao, middleName=null, lastName=YU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Xizi Clean Energy Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310021, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1295068335754990313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, authorId=1295068335574635238, language=CN, stringName=俞苗, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.西子清洁能源装备制造股份有限公司,浙江 杭州 310021, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1295068334547030730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334555419339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334547030730, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Xizi Clean Energy Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334559613644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334547030730, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西子清洁能源装备制造股份有限公司,浙江 杭州 310021)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1295068335876625130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=biomass boiler), Keyword(id=1295068335943733995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=high-temperature corrosion), Keyword(id=1295068336015037164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=corrosion mechanism), Keyword(id=1295068336103117549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=protection technology), Keyword(id=1295068336166032110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=生物质锅炉), Keyword(id=1295068336228946671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=高温腐蚀), Keyword(id=1295068337873113840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=腐蚀机理), Keyword(id=1295068337948611313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=防控技术)], refs=[Reference(id=1295068340070929164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=24, issue=6, pageStart=529, pageEnd=533, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=高荫榆, 雷占兰, 郭磊, journalName=江西科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高荫榆,雷占兰,郭磊,. 生物质能转化利用技术及其研究进展[J]. 江西科学200624(6):529-533., articleTitle=生物质能转化利用技术及其研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068340163203853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=24, issue=6, pageStart=529, pageEnd=533, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=GAO Yinyu, LEI Zhanlan, GUO Lei, journalName=Jiangxi Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO Yinyu, LEI Zhanlan, GUO Lei, et al. The conversion and utilization technology of biomass energy and its research progress[J]. Jiangxi Science, 2006, 24(6): 529-533., articleTitle=The conversion and utilization technology of biomass energy and its research progress, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068340238701326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=3, pageStart=32, pageEnd=40, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=胡南, 谭雪梅, 刘世杰, journalName=洁净煤技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡南,谭雪梅,刘世杰,. 循环流化床生物质直燃发电技术研究进展[J]. 洁净煤技术202228(3):32-40., articleTitle=循环流化床生物质直燃发电技术研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068340318393103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=3, pageStart=32, pageEnd=40, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=HU Nan, TAN Xuemei, LIU Shijie, journalName=Clean Coal Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU Nan, TAN Xuemei, LIU Shijie, et al. Research progress on power generation of biomass direct combustion in circulating fluidized bed[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2022, 28(3): 32-40., articleTitle=Research progress on power generation of biomass direct combustion in circulating fluidized bed, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068340393890576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=IRENA, journalName=Renewable energy statistics 2025, refType=null, unstructuredReference=IRENA. Renewable energy statistics 2025[R/OL]. Abu Dhabi: International Renewable Energy Agency, 2025:(2025-07-10) [2025-10-17]. https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2025/Jul/IRENA_DAT_RE_Statistics_2025.pdf., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068340460999441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=1, pageEnd=4, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=5, authorNames=王瑀, 王刚, 姜孝国, journalName=锅炉制造, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王瑀,王刚,姜孝国,. 生物质直燃CFB锅炉的8种炉型及布置方式[J]. 锅炉制造2023(3):1-4., articleTitle=生物质直燃CFB锅炉的8种炉型及布置方式, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068340536496914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=1, pageEnd=4, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=WANG Yu, WANG Gang, JIANG Xiaoguo, journalName=Boiler Manufacturing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Yu, WANG Gang, JIANG Xiaoguo, et al. Eight boiler types and arrangement of biomass direct fired CFB boilers[J]. Boiler Manufacturing, 2023(3): 1-4., articleTitle=Eight boiler types and arrangement of biomass direct fired CFB boilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068340599411475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=14, issue=4, pageStart=699, pageEnd=718, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=7, authorNames=CONTRERAS M L, BENITO M, BAHILLO A, journalName=International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CONTRERAS M L, BENITO M, BAHILLO A. Prediction of biomass corrosiveness over different coatings in fluidized bed combustion[J]. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 2023, 14(4): 699-718., articleTitle=Prediction of biomass corrosiveness over different coatings in fluidized bed combustion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068340653937428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=43, issue=3, pageStart=70, pageEnd=75, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=8, authorNames=张东旺, 范浩东, 赵冰, journalName=华电技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张东旺,范浩东,赵冰,. 国内外生物质能源发电技术应用进展[J]. 华电技术202143(3):70-75., articleTitle=国内外生物质能源发电技术应用进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068340716851989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=43, issue=3, pageStart=70, pageEnd=75, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=9, authorNames=ZHANG Dongwang, FAN Haodong, ZHAO Bing, journalName=Huadian Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Dongwang, FAN Haodong, ZHAO Bing, et al. Development of biomass power generation technology at home and abroad[J]. Huadian Technology, 2021, 43(3): 70-75., articleTitle=Development of biomass power generation technology at home and abroad, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068342474265366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=105, issue=null, pageStart=415, pageEnd=423, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=10, authorNames=KE X, ZHANG Y, LIU X, journalName=Journal of the Energy Institute, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KE X, ZHANG Y, LIU X, et al. Development of biomass-fired circulating fluidized bed boiler with high steam parameters based on theoretical analysis and industrial practices[J]. Journal of the Energy Institute, 2022, 105: 415-423., articleTitle=Development of biomass-fired circulating fluidized bed boiler with high steam parameters based on theoretical analysis and industrial practices, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068342579122967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=56, issue=1, pageStart=30, pageEnd=36, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=11, authorNames=范浩东, 张东旺, 赵冰, journalName=生物质化学工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=范浩东,张东旺,赵冰,. 生物质流化床腐蚀特性及抑制方法综述[J]. 生物质化学工程202256(1):30-36., articleTitle=生物质流化床腐蚀特性及抑制方法综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068342889501464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=56, issue=1, pageStart=30, pageEnd=36, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=12, authorNames=FAN Haodong, ZHANG Dongwang, ZHAO Bing, journalName=Biomass Chemical Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FAN Haodong, ZHANG Dongwang, ZHAO Bing, et al. Summary of corrosion characteristics and inhibition methods of biomass fluidized bed[J]. Biomass Chemical Engineering, 2022, 56(1): 30-36., articleTitle=Summary of corrosion characteristics and inhibition methods of biomass fluidized bed, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068342952416025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=10, issue=4, pageStart=305, pageEnd=315, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=13, authorNames=陈刚, 康顺顺, 赵坤, journalName=新能源进展, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈刚,康顺顺,赵坤,. 生物质燃烧过程中结焦、积灰及腐蚀形成机理及其抑制剂开发研究进展[J]. 新能源进展202210(4):305-315., articleTitle=生物质燃烧过程中结焦、积灰及腐蚀形成机理及其抑制剂开发研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068343023719194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=10, issue=4, pageStart=305, pageEnd=315, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=14, authorNames=CHEN Gang, KANG Shunshun, ZHAO Kun, journalName=Advances in New and Renewable Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Gang, KANG Shunshun, ZHAO Kun, et al. Recent advances in the formation mechanism of slagging, fouling, and corrosion during biomass combustion and the development of inhibitors[J]. Advances in New and Renewable Energy, 2022, 10(4): 305-315., articleTitle=Recent advances in the formation mechanism of slagging, fouling, and corrosion during biomass combustion and the development of inhibitors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068343321514779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=338, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=15, authorNames=KONIST A, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KONIST A. Investigation of fouling and corrosion of low-temperature reheater in a CFBC boiler[J]. Fuel, 2023, 338: 127373., articleTitle=Investigation of fouling and corrosion of low-temperature reheater in a CFBC boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068343719973660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=16, authorNames=孔耀, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孔耀. 镍基合金熔覆层的耐高温腐蚀性能及其在生物质锅炉中的应用研究[D]. 北京:华北电力大学,2023:1., articleTitle=镍基合金熔覆层的耐高温腐蚀性能及其在生物质锅炉中的应用研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068343803859741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=17, authorNames=KONG Yao, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KONG Yao. Research on high temperature corrosion resistance of Ni-based alloy cladding layer and its application in biomass boilers[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2023: 1., articleTitle=Research on high temperature corrosion resistance of Ni-based alloy cladding layer and its application in biomass boilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068344181347103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=196, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=18, authorNames=WEI Y, WANG Y, GUO Q, journalName=International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEI Y, WANG Y, GUO Q, et al. Comparative study on ash deposit mechanism and characteristics of eucalyptus bark and bagasse-firing on boiler superheater[J]. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 2022, 196: 104626., articleTitle=Comparative study on ash deposit mechanism and characteristics of eucalyptus bark and bagasse-firing on boiler superheater, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068344248455970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=32, issue=10, pageStart=128, pageEnd=131, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=19, authorNames=周振华, 薛东剑, 罗昭强, journalName=热能动力工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周振华,薛东剑,罗昭强,. 生物质锅炉高温过热器腐蚀失效分析[J]. 热能动力工程201732(10):128-131., articleTitle=生物质锅炉高温过热器腐蚀失效分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068344563028771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=32, issue=10, pageStart=128, pageEnd=131, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=20, authorNames=ZHOU Zhenhua, XUE Dongjian, LUO Zhaoqiang, journalName=Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU Zhenhua, XUE Dongjian, LUO Zhaoqiang, et al. Analysis of the failures occurred to the high temperature superheaters of a biomass-fired boiler due to corrosion and erosion[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2017, 32(10): 128-131., articleTitle=Analysis of the failures occurred to the high temperature superheaters of a biomass-fired boiler due to corrosion and erosion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068344625943332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=4, pageStart=82, pageEnd=86, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=21, authorNames=曹义杰, 张子梅, 金昕, journalName=湖南电力, refType=null, unstructuredReference=曹义杰,张子梅,金昕,. 生物质锅炉高温过热器失效的原因分析[J]. 湖南电力202141(4):82-86., articleTitle=生物质锅炉高温过热器失效的原因分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068344693052197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=4, pageStart=82, pageEnd=86, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=22, authorNames=CAO Yijie, ZHANG Zimei, JIN Xin, journalName=Hunan Electric Power, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAO Yijie, ZHANG Zimei, JIN Xin, et al. Cause analysis on failure of high temperature superheater of biomass boiler[J]. Hunan Electric Power, 2021, 41(4): 82-86., articleTitle=Cause analysis on failure of high temperature superheater of biomass boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068345041179430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=26, issue=3, pageStart=283, pageEnd=298, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=23, authorNames=NIELSEN H P, FRANDSEN F J, DAM-JOHANSEN K, journalName=Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NIELSEN H P, FRANDSEN F J, DAM-JOHANSEN K, et al. The implications of chlorine-associated corrosion on the operation of biomass-fired boilers[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2000, 26(3): 283-298., articleTitle=The implications of chlorine-associated corrosion on the operation of biomass-fired boilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068345125065511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=38, issue=5, pageStart=29, pageEnd=32, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=24, authorNames=张宏亮, 曹嘉洌, 杨志远, journalName=电站系统工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张宏亮,曹嘉洌,杨志远,. 生物质电厂生物质燃料中腐蚀性氯快速测定方法研究[J]. 电站系统工程202238(5):29-32., articleTitle=生物质电厂生物质燃料中腐蚀性氯快速测定方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068345393500968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=38, issue=5, pageStart=29, pageEnd=32, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=25, authorNames=ZHANG Hongliang, CAO Jialie, YANG Zhiyuan, journalName=Power System Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Hongliang, CAO Jialie, YANG Zhiyuan, et al. Study on rapid determination of corrosive chlorine in biomass fuel of biomass power plant[J]. Power System Engineering, 2022, 38(5): 29-32., articleTitle=Study on rapid determination of corrosive chlorine in biomass fuel of biomass power plant, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068347079611177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1995, volume=37, issue=7, pageStart=1023, pageEnd=1043, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=26, authorNames=GRABKE H J, REESE E, SPIEGEL M, journalName=Corrosion Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GRABKE H J, REESE E, SPIEGEL M. The effects of chlorides, hydrogen chloride, and sulfur dioxide in the oxidation of steels below deposits[J]. Corrosion Science, 1995, 37(7): 1023-1043., articleTitle=The effects of chlorides, hydrogen chloride, and sulfur dioxide in the oxidation of steels below deposits, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068347142525738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=357, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=27, authorNames=PHOTHER-SIMON J, HANIF I, JONSSON T, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PHOTHER-SIMON J, HANIF I, JONSSON T, et al. High-temperature corrosion of P91/T91, 304L, Sanicro 28 and Inconel 625 exposed at 600 ℃ under continuous KCl deposition[J]. Fuel, 2024, 357: 130012., articleTitle=High-temperature corrosion of P91/T91, 304L, Sanicro 28 and Inconel 625 exposed at 600 ℃ under continuous KCl deposition, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068347192857387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=28, authorNames=刘晓博, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘晓博. 垃圾焚烧系统中典型受热面的高温耦合腐蚀试验及机理研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学,2023:1., articleTitle=垃圾焚烧系统中典型受热面的高温耦合腐蚀试验及机理研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068347494847276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=29, authorNames=LIU Xiaobo, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Xiaobo. High temperature coupling corrosion test and mechanism research of typical heating surface in msw incineration system[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2023: 1., articleTitle=High temperature coupling corrosion test and mechanism research of typical heating surface in msw incineration system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068347582927661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=70, issue=11, pageStart=4370, pageEnd=4376, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=30, authorNames=吕泽康, 龙慎伟, 李冠兵, journalName=化工学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吕泽康,龙慎伟,李冠兵,. 生物质锅炉氯腐蚀的密度泛函理论研究[J]. 化工学报201970(11):4370-4376., articleTitle=生物质锅炉氯腐蚀的密度泛函理论研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068347650036526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=70, issue=11, pageStart=4370, pageEnd=4376, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Lü Zekang, LONG Shenwei, LI Guanbing, journalName=CIESC Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Zekang, LONG Shenwei, LI Guanbing, et al. Density functional theory study on chlorine corrosion of biomass furnace[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(11): 4370-4376., articleTitle=Density functional theory study on chlorine corrosion of biomass furnace, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068347960415023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=154, issue=9, pageStart=C515, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=32, authorNames=FOLKESON N, JOHANSSON L G, SVENSSON J E, journalName=Journal of the Electrochemical Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FOLKESON N, JOHANSSON L G, SVENSSON J E. Initial stages of the HCl-induced high-temperature corrosion of alloy 310[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2007, 154(9): C515., articleTitle=Initial stages of the HCl-induced high-temperature corrosion of alloy 310, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068348044301104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=24, issue=5, pageStart=471, pageEnd=476, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=33, authorNames=龙纪淼, 叶家铭, 宋鑫, journalName=燃烧科学与技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=龙纪淼,叶家铭,宋鑫,. 生物质燃烧过程中K元素的迁移特性[J]. 燃烧科学与技术201824(5):471-476., articleTitle=生物质燃烧过程中K元素的迁移特性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068348115604273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=24, issue=5, pageStart=471, pageEnd=476, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=34, authorNames=LONG Jimiao, YE Jiaming, SONG Xin, journalName=Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LONG Jimiao, YE Jiaming, SONG Xin, et al. Transformation characteristics of potassium during biomass combustion[J]. Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, 2018, 24(5): 471-476., articleTitle=Transformation characteristics of potassium during biomass combustion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068348174324530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=192, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=35, authorNames=PERSDOTTER A, BOLL T, JONSSON T, journalName=Corrosion Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PERSDOTTER A, BOLL T, JONSSON T. Minor element effect on high temperature corrosion of a low-alloyed steel: Insight into alkali- and chlorine induced corrosion by means of atom probe tomography[J]. Corrosion Science, 2021, 192: 109779., articleTitle=Minor element effect on high temperature corrosion of a low-alloyed steel: Insight into alkali- and chlorine induced corrosion by means of atom probe tomography, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068348237239091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=78, issue=1/2, pageStart=83, pageEnd=102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=36, authorNames=KARLSSON S, PETTERSSON J, JOHANSSON L G, journalName=Oxidation of Metals, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KARLSSON S, PETTERSSON J, JOHANSSON L G, et al. Alkali induced high temperature corrosion of stainless steel: the influence of NaCl, KCl and CaCl2[J]. Oxidation of Metals, 2012, 78(1/2): 83-102., articleTitle=Alkali induced high temperature corrosion of stainless steel: the influence of NaCl, KCl and CaCl2, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068348350485300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=205, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=37, authorNames=KHANTISOPON K, THARAJAK J, NAWARAT P, journalName=Corrosion Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KHANTISOPON K, THARAJAK J, NAWARAT P, et al. High-temperature corrosion investigations of deposit containing eutectic KCl-K2SO4 mixture on AISI 1015 and SS304 steels[J]. Corrosion Science, 2022, 205: 110470., articleTitle=High-temperature corrosion investigations of deposit containing eutectic KCl-K2SO4 mixture on AISI 1015 and SS304 steels, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068348413399861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=12, issue=4, pageStart=224, pageEnd=227, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=38, authorNames=李远士, 牛焱, 刘刚, journalName=腐蚀科学与防护技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李远士,牛焱,刘刚,. 金属材料在垃圾焚烧环境中的高温腐蚀[J]. 腐蚀科学与防护技术200012(4):224-227., articleTitle=金属材料在垃圾焚烧环境中的高温腐蚀, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068348484703030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=12, issue=4, pageStart=224, pageEnd=227, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=39, authorNames=LI Yuanshi, NIU Yan, LIU Gang, journalName=Corrosion Science and Protection Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Yuanshi, NIU Yan, LIU Gang, et al. High temperature corrosion of metallic materials in waste incineration environment[J]. Corrosion Science and Protection Technology, 2000, 12(4): 224-227., articleTitle=High temperature corrosion of metallic materials in waste incineration environment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068348560200503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=2014, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=8, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=40, authorNames=SALINAS-SOLANO G, PORCAYO-CALDERON J, GONZALEZ-RODRIGUEZ J G, journalName=Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SALINAS-SOLANO G, PORCAYO-CALDERON J, GONZALEZ-RODRIGUEZ J G, et al. High temperature corrosion of Inconel 600 in NaCl-KCl molten salts[J]. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2014, 2014: 1-8., articleTitle=High temperature corrosion of Inconel 600 in NaCl-KCl molten salts, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068348811858744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=76, issue=1/2, pageStart=93, pageEnd=109, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=41, authorNames=PETTERSSON J, FOLKESON N, JOHANSSON L, journalName=Oxidation of Metals, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PETTERSSON J, FOLKESON N, JOHANSSON L, et al. The effects of KCl, K2SO4 and K2CO3 on the high temperature corrosion of a 304-Type austenitic stainless steel[J]. Oxidation of Metals, 2011, 76(1/2): 93-109., articleTitle=The effects of KCl, K2SO4 and K2CO3 on the high temperature corrosion of a 304-Type austenitic stainless steel, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068348878967609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=50, issue=10, pageStart=101, pageEnd=107, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=42, authorNames=谭增强, 牛国平, 王一坤, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谭增强,牛国平,王一坤,. 生物质直燃发电大气污染物超低排放技术路线分析[J]. 热力发电202150(10):101-107., articleTitle=生物质直燃发电大气污染物超低排放技术路线分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068348954465082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=50, issue=10, pageStart=101, pageEnd=107, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=43, authorNames=TAN Zengqiang, NIU Guoping, WANG Yikun, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TAN Zengqiang, NIU Guoping, WANG Yikun, et al. Analysis of technical route for ultra-low emission of air pollutants in biomass direct-fired power plants[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2021, 50(10): 101-107., articleTitle=Analysis of technical route for ultra-low emission of air pollutants in biomass direct-fired power plants, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068349034156859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=68, issue=5, pageStart=515, pageEnd=528, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=44, authorNames=OKORO S C, KIAMEHR S, MONTGOMERY M, journalName=Materials and Corrosion, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OKORO S C, KIAMEHR S, MONTGOMERY M, et al. Effect of flue gas composition on deposit induced high temperature corrosion under laboratory conditions mimicking biomass firing. Part II: Exposures in SO2 containing atmospheres[J]. Materials and Corrosion, 2017, 68(5): 515-528., articleTitle=Effect of flue gas composition on deposit induced high temperature corrosion under laboratory conditions mimicking biomass firing. Part II: Exposures in SO2 containing atmospheres, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068349092877116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=44, issue=7, pageStart=50, pageEnd=54, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=45, authorNames=刘志, 雷秀坚, 汪佩宁, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘志,雷秀坚,汪佩宁,. 循环流化床锅炉生物质与煤混烧积灰腐蚀试验[J]. 热力发电201544(7):50-54., articleTitle=循环流化床锅炉生物质与煤混烧积灰腐蚀试验, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068349168374589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=44, issue=7, pageStart=50, pageEnd=54, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=46, authorNames=LIU Zhi, LEI Xiujian, WANG Peining, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Zhi, LEI Xiujian, WANG Peining, et al. Experimental study on ash deposition and corrosion in a CFB boiler cofiring biomass with coal[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2015, 44(7): 50-54., articleTitle=Experimental study on ash deposition and corrosion in a CFB boiler cofiring biomass with coal, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068349231289150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=79, issue=2, pageStart=131, pageEnd=139, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=47, authorNames=NIELSEN H P, BAXTER L L, SCLIPPAB G, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NIELSEN H P, BAXTER L L, SCLIPPAB G, et al. Deposition of potassium salts on heat transfer surfaces in straw-fired boilers: a pilot-scale study[J]. Fuel, 2000, 79(2): 131-139., articleTitle=Deposition of potassium salts on heat transfer surfaces in straw-fired boilers: a pilot-scale study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068349298398015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=76, issue=null, pageStart=6, pageEnd=26, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=48, authorNames=ANTUNES R A, de OLIVEIRA M C L, journalName=Corrosion Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ANTUNES R A, de OLIVEIRA M C L. Corrosion in biomass combustion: a materials selection analysis and its interaction with corrosion mechanisms and mitigation strategies[J]. Corrosion Science, 2013, 76: 6-26., articleTitle=Corrosion in biomass combustion: a materials selection analysis and its interaction with corrosion mechanisms and mitigation strategies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068349365506880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=32, issue=7, pageStart=7991, pageEnd=7999, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=49, authorNames=OKORO S C, MONTGOMERY M, FRANDSEN F J, journalName=Energy Fuels, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OKORO S C, MONTGOMERY M, FRANDSEN F J, et al. Time and temperature effects on alkali chloride induced high temperature corrosion of superheaters during biomass firing[J]. Energy Fuels, 2018, 32(7): 7991-7999., articleTitle=Time and temperature effects on alkali chloride induced high temperature corrosion of superheaters during biomass firing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068349449392961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=90, issue=5/6, pageStart=585, pageEnd=597, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=50, authorNames=LIU B, CHEN X, journalName=Oxidation of Metals, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU B, CHEN X. Impacts of temperature and KCl on corrosion behavior of 12Cr1MoVG and T91 in HCl-containing atmosphere[J]. Oxidation of Metals, 2018, 90(5/6): 585-597., articleTitle=Impacts of temperature and KCl on corrosion behavior of 12Cr1MoVG and T91 in HCl-containing atmosphere, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068349529084738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=20, pageEnd=21, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=51, authorNames=姜雪, 贺成, 高新宇, journalName=锅炉制造, refType=null, unstructuredReference=姜雪,贺成,高新宇. 生物质锅炉过热器管的高温氯腐蚀[J]. 锅炉制造2017(4):20-21., articleTitle=生物质锅炉过热器管的高温氯腐蚀, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068349596193603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=20, pageEnd=21, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=52, authorNames=JIANG Xue, HE Cheng, GAO Xinyu, journalName=Boiler Manufacturing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG Xue, HE Cheng, GAO Xinyu. High temperature chlorine corrosion of superheaters in a biomass boiler[J]. Boiler Manufacturing, 2017(4): 20-21., articleTitle=High temperature chlorine corrosion of superheaters in a biomass boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068349692662596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=14, pageStart=122, pageEnd=123, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=53, authorNames=支元珍, journalName=科技创新与应用, refType=null, unstructuredReference=支元珍. 生物质锅炉高温过热器腐蚀原因分析及对策[J]. 科技创新与应用2020(14):122-123., articleTitle=生物质锅炉高温过热器腐蚀原因分析及对策, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068351382967109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=14, pageStart=122, pageEnd=123, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=54, authorNames=ZHI Yuanzhen, journalName=Technology Innovation and Application, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHI Yuanzhen. Analysis and countermeasures of corrosion causes of high-temperature superheater in biomass boiler[J]. Technology Innovation and Application, 2020(14): 122-123., articleTitle=Analysis and countermeasures of corrosion causes of high-temperature superheater in biomass boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068351454270278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=98, issue=5/6, pageStart=511, pageEnd=528, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=55, authorNames=FURUGAKI T, TAKAHASHI H, HAYASHI S, journalName=Oxidation of Metals, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FURUGAKI T, TAKAHASHI H, HAYASHI S. Effect of temperature gradient in ash on high-temperature corrosion of super-heater material in a waste power generation boiler[J]. Oxidation of Metals, 2022, 98(5/6): 511-528., articleTitle=Effect of temperature gradient in ash on high-temperature corrosion of super-heater material in a waste power generation boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068351550739271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=2020, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=10, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=56, authorNames=WANG Y, SUN Y, YUE M, journalName=Journal of Chemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Y, SUN Y, YUE M, et al. Reaction kinetics of chlorine corrosion to heating surfaces during coal and biomass cofiring[J]. Journal of Chemistry, 2020, 2020: 1-10., articleTitle=Reaction kinetics of chlorine corrosion to heating surfaces during coal and biomass cofiring, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068351651402568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=122, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=57, authorNames=ZHAO Z, YAO X, XU K, journalName=Journal of the Energy Institute, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Z, YAO X, XU K, et al. High-temperature corrosion characteristics and mechanisms of heating surfaces under ash deposition conditions in coal/biomass co-firing utility boilers[J]. Journal of the Energy Institute, 2025, 122: 102227., articleTitle=High-temperature corrosion characteristics and mechanisms of heating surfaces under ash deposition conditions in coal/biomass co-firing utility boilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068351722705737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=2020, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=9, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=58, authorNames=WANG Y, SUN Y, JIANG L, journalName=Journal of Chemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Y, SUN Y, JIANG L, et al. Characteristics of corrosion related to ash deposition on boiler heating surface during cofiring of coal and biomass[J]. Journal of Chemistry, 2020, 2020: 1-9., articleTitle=Characteristics of corrosion related to ash deposition on boiler heating surface during cofiring of coal and biomass, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068351806591818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=377, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=59, authorNames=WENGA T, WU X, YIXIAN X, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WENGA T, WU X, YIXIAN X, et al. High-temperature corrosion mechanisms of a Ni-based alloy in simulated multi-source organic waste co-incineration environments[J]. Fuel, 2024, 377: 132784., articleTitle=High-temperature corrosion mechanisms of a Ni-based alloy in simulated multi-source organic waste co-incineration environments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068351865312075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=60, authorNames=周伟健, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周伟健. 燃煤-生物质锅炉灰结渣特性及烟气高温腐蚀行为研究[D]. 北京:华北电力大学,2022:1., articleTitle=燃煤-生物质锅炉灰结渣特性及烟气高温腐蚀行为研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068351932420940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=61, authorNames=ZHOU Weijian, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU Weijian. Study on ash slagging and fireside high-temperature corrosion in coal/biomass-firing boilers[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2022: 1., articleTitle=Study on ash slagging and fireside high-temperature corrosion in coal/biomass-firing boilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068352003724109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=25, issue=6, pageStart=2189, pageEnd=2197, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=62, authorNames=姚锡文, 许克强, 杨婉婷, journalName=安全与环境学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=姚锡文,许克强,杨婉婷,. 生物质锅炉受热面飞灰沉积腐蚀特性研究[J]. 安全与环境学报. 202525(6):2189-2197., articleTitle=生物质锅炉受热面飞灰沉积腐蚀特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068352066638670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=25, issue=6, pageStart=2189, pageEnd=2197, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=63, authorNames=YAO Xiwen, XU Keqiang, YANG Wanting, journalName=Journal of Safety and Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YAO Xiwen, XU Keqiang, YANG Wanting, et al. Investigation of the corrosion characteristics of fly ash deposition on the heating surfaces of biomass boilers[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2025, 25(6): 2189-2197., articleTitle=Investigation of the corrosion characteristics of fly ash deposition on the heating surfaces of biomass boilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068352133747535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=64, authorNames=李云罡, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李云罡. 复合添加剂对生物质锅炉受热面金属腐蚀的抑制作用规律研究[D]. 济南:山东大学,2020:1., articleTitle=复合添加剂对生物质锅炉受热面金属腐蚀的抑制作用规律研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068352196662096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=65, authorNames=LI Yungang, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Yungang. Study on the regularity of composite additive to inhibit corrosion on metal heating surface in biomass-fired boiler[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2020: 1., articleTitle=Study on the regularity of composite additive to inhibit corrosion on metal heating surface in biomass-fired boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068352267965265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=66, authorNames=王准, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王准. 生物质燃烧过程中受热面高温腐蚀特性研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学,2015:1., articleTitle=生物质燃烧过程中受热面高温腐蚀特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068352351851346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=67, authorNames=WANG Zhun, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Zhun. Study on the high temperature corrosion of heating surface during biomass combustion[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2015: 1., articleTitle=Study on the high temperature corrosion of heating surface during biomass combustion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068352423154515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=68, authorNames=王旭, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王旭. 粉煤灰添加剂抑制生物质锅炉过热器金属腐蚀的作用规律研究[D]. 济南:山东大学,2019:1., articleTitle=粉煤灰添加剂抑制生物质锅炉过热器金属腐蚀的作用规律研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068352486069076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=69, authorNames=WANG Xu, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Xu. Study on the function regularity of pulverized coal ash additive to inhibit metal corrosion on superheater in biomass-fired boiler[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2019: 1., articleTitle=Study on the function regularity of pulverized coal ash additive to inhibit metal corrosion on superheater in biomass-fired boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068352553177941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=70, authorNames=龚彬, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=龚彬. 生物质锅炉受热面沉积机理与腐蚀特性研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学,2015:1., articleTitle=生物质锅炉受热面沉积机理与腐蚀特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068352616092502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=71, authorNames=GONG Bin, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GONG Bin. Mechanism study on deposit build-up and corrosion of heating surfaces in biomass-fired boiler[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2015: 1., articleTitle=Mechanism study on deposit build-up and corrosion of heating surfaces in biomass-fired boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068352691589975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=7, issue=25, pageStart=21546, pageEnd=21553, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=72, authorNames=WEI L, WANG S, LIU G, journalName=ACS Omega, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEI L, WANG S, LIU G, et al. Corrosion behavior of high-Cr-Ni materials in biomass incineration atmospheres[J]. ACS Omega. 2022, 7(25): 21546-21553., articleTitle=Corrosion behavior of high-Cr-Ni materials in biomass incineration atmospheres, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068352758698840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=350, issue=null, pageStart=188, pageEnd=200, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=73, authorNames=AGÜERO A, BARÁIBAR I, GUTIÉRREZ M, journalName=Surface and Coatings Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AGÜERO A, BARÁIBAR I, GUTIÉRREZ M, et al. Biomass corrosion behavior of steels and coatings in contact with KCl/K2SO4 at 550 ℃ under an oxy-fuel combustion atmosphere: a screening laboratory test[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2018, 350: 188-200., articleTitle=Biomass corrosion behavior of steels and coatings in contact with KCl/K2SO4 at 550 ℃ under an oxy-fuel combustion atmosphere: a screening laboratory test, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068352813224793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=39, issue=1, pageStart=819, pageEnd=827, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=74, authorNames=SSENTEZA V, OLAUSSON M D P, EKLUND J, journalName=Energy Fuels, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SSENTEZA V, OLAUSSON M D P, EKLUND J, et al. High-temperature corrosion behavior of superheater materials at 600 ℃: insights from laboratory and field exposures[J]. Energy Fuels, 2025, 39(1): 819-827., articleTitle=High-temperature corrosion behavior of superheater materials at 600 ℃: insights from laboratory and field exposures, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068352880333658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=213, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=75, authorNames=SSENTEZA V, EKLUND J, HANIF I, journalName=Corrosion Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SSENTEZA V, EKLUND J, HANIF I, et al. High temperature corrosion resistance of FeCr(Ni, Al) alloys as bulk/overlay weld coatings in the presence of KCl at 600 ℃[J]. Corrosion Science, 2023, 213: 110896., articleTitle=High temperature corrosion resistance of FeCr(Ni, Al) alloys as bulk/overlay weld coatings in the presence of KCl at 600 ℃, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068352943248219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=205, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=76, authorNames=YONEDA S, HAYASHI S, MIYAKOSHI Y, journalName=Corrosion Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YONEDA S, HAYASHI S, MIYAKOSHI Y, et al. Erosion-corrosion behavior of Ni-20Cr-4Fe and Ni-20Cr-4Fe-7Mo under fluidized-bed biomass boiler conditions[J]. Corrosion Science, 2022, 205: 110472., articleTitle=Erosion-corrosion behavior of Ni-20Cr-4Fe and Ni-20Cr-4Fe-7Mo under fluidized-bed biomass boiler conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068353010357084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=194, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=77, authorNames=PAN P, ZHOU W, ZHAO Y, journalName=Corrosion Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PAN P, ZHOU W, ZHAO Y, et al. Hot corrosion behavior of an arc sprayed Fe-based amorphous coating in a simulated biomass firing environment[J]. Corrosion Science, 2022, 194: 109938., articleTitle=Hot corrosion behavior of an arc sprayed Fe-based amorphous coating in a simulated biomass firing environment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068353090048861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=81, issue=2, pageStart=137, pageEnd=142, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=78, authorNames=DAVIDSSON K O, KORSGREN J G, PETTERSSON J B C, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DAVIDSSON K O, KORSGREN J G, PETTERSSON J B C, et al. The effects of fuel washing techniques on alkali release from biomass[J]. Fuel, 2002, 81(2): 137-142., articleTitle=The effects of fuel washing techniques on alkali release from biomass, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068353169740639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=187, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=79, authorNames=NAMKUNG H, LEE Y, PARK J, journalName=Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NAMKUNG H, LEE Y, PARK J, et al. Influence of herbaceous biomass ash pre-treated by alkali metal leaching on the agglomeration/sintering and corrosion behaviors[J]. Energy, 2019, 187: 115950., articleTitle=Influence of herbaceous biomass ash pre-treated by alkali metal leaching on the agglomeration/sintering and corrosion behaviors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068353228460896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=80, authorNames=贺定勇, 姬荣颖, 周正, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=贺定勇,姬荣颖,周正,. 一种用于制备镍基高铝涂层的粉芯丝材及其涂层制备方法:ZL 2016 1 0052325.3[P]. 2016-06-15[2018-08-28]., articleTitle=一种用于制备镍基高铝涂层的粉芯丝材及其涂层制备方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068353375261538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=81, authorNames=HE Dingyong, JI Rongying, ZHOU Zheng, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HE Dingyong, JI Rongying, ZHOU Zheng, et al. A flux-cored wire for preparing nickel-based high-aluminum coating and its coating preparation method: ZL 2016 1 0052325.3[P]. 2016-06-15[2018-08-28]., articleTitle=A flux-cored wire for preparing nickel-based high-aluminum coating and its coating preparation method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068353450759011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=132, issue=null, pageStart=170, pageEnd=184, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=82, authorNames=SADEGHIMERESHT E, REDDY L, HUSSAIN T, journalName=Corrosion Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SADEGHIMERESHT E, REDDY L, HUSSAIN T, et al. Chlorine-induced high temperature corrosion of HVAF-sprayed Ni-based alumina and chromia forming coatings[J]. Corrosion Science, 2018, 132: 170-184., articleTitle=Chlorine-induced high temperature corrosion of HVAF-sprayed Ni-based alumina and chromia forming coatings, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068353513673572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=27, issue=3, pageStart=500, pageEnd=511, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=83, authorNames=JAFARI R, SADEGHIMERESHT E, FARAHANI T S, journalName=Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JAFARI R, SADEGHIMERESHT E, FARAHANI T S, et al. KCl-induced high-temperature corrosion behavior of HVAF-sprayed ni-based coatings in ambient air[J]. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 2018, 27(3): 500-511., articleTitle=KCl-induced high-temperature corrosion behavior of HVAF-sprayed ni-based coatings in ambient air, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068353597559653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=288, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=84, authorNames=CHI H, PANS M A, BAI M, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHI H, PANS M A, BAI M, et al. Experimental investigations on the chlorine-induced corrosion of HVOF thermal sprayed Stellite-6 and NiAl coatings with fluidised bed biomass/anthracite combustion systems[J]. Fuel, 2021, 288: 119607., articleTitle=Experimental investigations on the chlorine-induced corrosion of HVOF thermal sprayed Stellite-6 and NiAl coatings with fluidised bed biomass/anthracite combustion systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068353677251430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=418, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[61], rfOrder=85, authorNames=ABU-WARDA N, TOMÁS L M, LÓPEZ A J, journalName=Surface and Coatings Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ABU-WARDA N, TOMÁS L M, LÓPEZ A J, et al. High temperature corrosion behavior of Ni and Co base HVOF coatings exposed to NaCl-KCl salt mixture[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2021, 418: 127277., articleTitle=High temperature corrosion behavior of Ni and Co base HVOF coatings exposed to NaCl-KCl salt mixture, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068353786303335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=33, issue=5, pageStart=1417, pageEnd=1439, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[62], rfOrder=86, authorNames=WANG X, LIU Z, CHENG K, journalName=Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG X, LIU Z, CHENG K, et al. High-temperature corrosion characterization of Ni-Al laser cladding: the effect of Al content and Fe[J]. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 2024, 33(5): 1417-1439., articleTitle=High-temperature corrosion characterization of Ni-Al laser cladding: the effect of Al content and Fe, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068353861800808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[63], rfOrder=87, authorNames=王鑫宇, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王鑫宇. 含铝镍基合金熔覆层在碱金属盐中的高温腐蚀特性研究[D]. 北京:华北电力大学,2024:1., articleTitle=含铝镍基合金熔覆层在碱金属盐中的高温腐蚀特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068353933103977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[63], rfOrder=88, authorNames=WANG Xinyu, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Xinyu. Research on high temperature corrosion characteristics of Aluminum-containing Ni-based alloy cladding layers in alkali metal salts[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2024: 1., articleTitle=Research on high temperature corrosion characteristics of Aluminum-containing Ni-based alloy cladding layers in alkali metal salts, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068354205733738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=43, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[64], rfOrder=89, authorNames=王晓东, 邰召山, 王杰, journalName=能源工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王晓东,邰召山,王杰,. 生物质锅炉防高温氯腐蚀陶瓷涂层研究及应用[J]. 能源工程2020(5):43-47., articleTitle=生物质锅炉防高温氯腐蚀陶瓷涂层研究及应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068355849900907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=43, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[64], rfOrder=90, authorNames=WANG Xiaodong, TAI Zhaoshan, WANG Jie, journalName=Energy Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Xiaodong, TAI Zhaoshan, WANG Jie, et al. Study and application of high temperature chlorine corrosion resistance ceramic coating for biomass boiler[J]. Energy Engineering, 2020(5): 43-47., articleTitle=Study and application of high temperature chlorine corrosion resistance ceramic coating for biomass boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068355912815468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[65], rfOrder=91, authorNames=吴多利, 袁子毅, 刘苏, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴多利,袁子毅,刘苏,. 一种耐生物质高温腐蚀的Ni包Al加Mo涂层材料:ZL 2020 1 0213050.3[P]. 2020-06-19[2021-11-02]., articleTitle=一种耐生物质高温腐蚀的Ni包Al加Mo涂层材料, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068355984118637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[65], rfOrder=92, authorNames=WU Duoli, YUAN Ziyi, LIU Su, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU Duoli, YUAN Ziyi, LIU Su, et al. A Ni-Al-Mo coating material resistant to high-temperature corrosion in biomass environments: ZL 2020 1 0213050.3[P]. 2020-06-19[2021-11-02]., articleTitle=A Ni-Al-Mo coating material resistant to high-temperature corrosion in biomass environments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068356051227502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=318, issue=null, pageStart=233, pageEnd=243, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[66], rfOrder=93, authorNames=FANTOZZI D, MATIKAINEN V, UUSITALO M, journalName=Surface and Coatings Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FANTOZZI D, MATIKAINEN V, UUSITALO M, et al. Chlorine-induced high temperature corrosion of Inconel 625 sprayed coatings deposited with different thermal spray techniques[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2017, 318: 233-243., articleTitle=Chlorine-induced high temperature corrosion of Inconel 625 sprayed coatings deposited with different thermal spray techniques, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068356114142063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=337, issue=null, pageStart=357, pageEnd=369, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[67], rfOrder=94, authorNames=SONG B, VOISEY K T, HUSSAIN T, journalName=Surface and Coatings Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SONG B, VOISEY K T, HUSSAIN T. High temperature chlorine-induced corrosion of Ni50Cr coating: HVOLF, HVOGF, cold spray and laser cladding[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2018, 337: 357-369., articleTitle=High temperature chlorine-induced corrosion of Ni50Cr coating: HVOLF, HVOGF, cold spray and laser cladding, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068356172862320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=30, issue=7, pageStart=1927, pageEnd=1939, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[68], rfOrder=95, authorNames=WU D, LIU S, YUAN Z, journalName=Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU D, LIU S, YUAN Z, et al. Effect of pre-oxidation on high-temperature chlorine-induced corrosion properties of air plasma-sprayed Ni-5%Al coatings[J]. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 2021, 30(7): 1927-1939., articleTitle=Effect of pre-oxidation on high-temperature chlorine-induced corrosion properties of air plasma-sprayed Ni-5%Al coatings, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068356307080049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=89, issue=1/2, pageStart=99, pageEnd=122, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[69], rfOrder=96, authorNames=OKORO S C, MONTGOMERY M, FRANDSEN F J, journalName=Oxidation of Metals, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OKORO S C, MONTGOMERY M, FRANDSEN F J, et al. Influence of preoxidation on high-temperature corrosion of a FeCrAl alloy under conditions relevant to biomass firing[J]. Oxidation of Metals, 2018, 89(1/2): 99-122., articleTitle=Influence of preoxidation on high-temperature corrosion of a FeCrAl alloy under conditions relevant to biomass firing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068356365800306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=57, issue=10, pageStart=182, pageEnd=189, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[70], rfOrder=97, authorNames=杨二娟, 杨兰, 王彩侠, journalName=材料保护, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨二娟,杨兰,王彩侠,. 激光熔覆层在生物质电站环境下的高温腐蚀行为研究[J]. 材料保护202457(10):182-189., articleTitle=激光熔覆层在生物质电站环境下的高温腐蚀行为研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068356420326259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=57, issue=10, pageStart=182, pageEnd=189, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[70], rfOrder=98, authorNames=YANG Erjuan, YANG Lan, WANG Caixia, journalName=Materials Protection, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG Erjuan, YANG Lan, WANG Caixia, et al. Study on the high-temperature corrosion behavior of laser cladding coatings in biomass power plant environments[J]. Materials Protection, 2024, 57(10): 182-189., articleTitle=Study on the high-temperature corrosion behavior of laser cladding coatings in biomass power plant environments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068356491629428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[71], rfOrder=99, authorNames=孙宇, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙宇. 调制粉煤灰添加剂对生物质燃烧沉积灰及其腐蚀特性影响研究[D]. 济南:山东大学,2020:1., articleTitle=调制粉煤灰添加剂对生物质燃烧沉积灰及其腐蚀特性影响研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068356562932597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[71], rfOrder=100, authorNames=SUN Yu, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN Yu. Study on the effect of modified pulverized coal ash additives on characteristics of ash deposition and corrosion during biomass combustion[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2020: 1., articleTitle=Study on the effect of modified pulverized coal ash additives on characteristics of ash deposition and corrosion during biomass combustion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068356621652854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=36, issue=7, pageStart=949, pageEnd=954, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[72], rfOrder=101, authorNames=刘璐, 王永征, 王旭, journalName=可再生能源, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘璐,王永征,王旭,. 富磷添加剂对生物质燃烧中积灰结渣和腐蚀作用的探析[J]. 可再生能源201836(7):949-954., articleTitle=富磷添加剂对生物质燃烧中积灰结渣和腐蚀作用的探析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068356676178807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=36, issue=7, pageStart=949, pageEnd=954, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[72], rfOrder=102, authorNames=LIU Lu, WANG Yongzheng, WANG Xu, journalName=Renewable Energy Resources, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Lu, WANG Yongzheng, WANG Xu, et al. Study on the effect of phosphorus rich additives on ash deposition, slag and corrosion during biomass combustion[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2018, 36(7): 949-954., articleTitle=Study on the effect of phosphorus rich additives on ash deposition, slag and corrosion during biomass combustion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068356772647800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=39, issue=12, pageStart=112, pageEnd=116, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[73], rfOrder=103, authorNames=李定青, 李德波, 毕武林, journalName=浙江电力, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李定青,李德波,毕武林,. 掺烧高岭土对CFB锅炉高温受热面沉积和腐蚀特性影响研究[J]. 浙江电力202039(12):112-116., articleTitle=掺烧高岭土对CFB锅炉高温受热面沉积和腐蚀特性影响研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068356822979449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=39, issue=12, pageStart=112, pageEnd=116, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[73], rfOrder=104, authorNames=LI Dingqing, LI Debo, BI Wulin, journalName=Zhejiang Electric Power, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Dingqing, LI Debo, BI Wulin, et al. Impact study of blended kaolinite on deposition and corrosion characteristics of high-temperature heating surface of CFB boilers[J]. Zhejiang Electric Power, 2020, 39(12): 112-116., articleTitle=Impact study of blended kaolinite on deposition and corrosion characteristics of high-temperature heating surface of CFB boilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068356890088314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=41, issue=1, pageStart=87, pageEnd=92, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[74], rfOrder=105, authorNames=李定青, 王鹏, 姜春光, journalName=内蒙古电力技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李定青,王鹏,姜春光,. 采用添加剂抑制生物质锅炉受热面沉积试验分析[J]. 内蒙古电力技术202341(1):87-92., articleTitle=采用添加剂抑制生物质锅炉受热面沉积试验分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068356957197179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=41, issue=1, pageStart=87, pageEnd=92, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[74], rfOrder=106, authorNames=LI Dingqing, WANG Peng, JIANG Chunguang, journalName=Inner Mongolia Electric Power, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Dingqing, WANG Peng, JIANG Chunguang, et al. Experimental analysis of using additive to inhibit heating surface deposition in biomass-fired boiler[J]. Inner Mongolia Electric Power, 2023, 41(1): 87-92., articleTitle=Experimental analysis of using additive to inhibit heating surface deposition in biomass-fired boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068357015917436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=15, issue=6, pageStart=9377, pageEnd=9388, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[75], rfOrder=107, authorNames=YAO P, YAN T, DAI X, journalName=Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YAO P, YAN T, DAI X, et al. A comparison study of the inhabitation effect of phosphate tailing and kaolin on the release of K in biomass straw[J]. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 2025, 15(6): 9377-9388., articleTitle=A comparison study of the inhabitation effect of phosphate tailing and kaolin on the release of K in biomass straw, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068357091414909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=837, issue=null, pageStart=89, pageEnd=94, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[76], rfOrder=108, authorNames=LI Y G, WANG Y Z, ZHU W B, journalName=Key Engineering Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Y G, WANG Y Z, ZHU W B, et al. Study on the effect of Si-Al components in pulverized coal ash on corrosion in heating surface of biomass boiler[J]. Key Engineering Materials, 2020, 837: 89-94., articleTitle=Study on the effect of Si-Al components in pulverized coal ash on corrosion in heating surface of biomass boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068357162718078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=271, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[77], rfOrder=109, authorNames=ZHENG L, JIN J, ZHANG R, journalName=Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHENG L, JIN J, ZHANG R, et al. Understanding the effect of dolomite additive on corrosion characteristics of straw biomass ash through experiment study and molecular dynamics calculations[J]. Energy, 2023, 271: 126950., articleTitle=Understanding the effect of dolomite additive on corrosion characteristics of straw biomass ash through experiment study and molecular dynamics calculations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068357221438335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=837, issue=null, pageStart=95, pageEnd=101, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[78], rfOrder=110, authorNames=SUN Y, WANG Y Z, ZHANG K, journalName=Key Engineering Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN Y, WANG Y Z, ZHANG K, et al. Effect of additives on ash corrosion on heat exchanging surface of biomass boilers[J]. Key Engineering Materials, 2020, 837: 95-101., articleTitle=Effect of additives on ash corrosion on heat exchanging surface of biomass boilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068357288547200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=34, pageEnd=38, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[79], rfOrder=111, authorNames=陆晓焰, 秦卫东, 段国生, journalName=工业锅炉, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陆晓焰,秦卫东,段国生,. 90 t/h循环流化床固废焚烧锅炉调试运行及优化[J]. 工业锅炉. 2022(4):34-38., articleTitle=90 t/h循环流化床固废焚烧锅炉调试运行及优化, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068357368238977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=34, pageEnd=38, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[79], rfOrder=112, authorNames=LU Xiaoyan, QIN Weidong, DUAN Guosheng, journalName=Industrial Boiler, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LU Xiaoyan, QIN Weidong, DUAN Guosheng, et al. Commissioning and optimization of 90 t/h circulating fluidized bed solid waste incineration boiler[J]. Industrial Boiler, 2022(4): 34-38., articleTitle=Commissioning and optimization of 90 t/h circulating fluidized bed solid waste incineration boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068357422764930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=40, issue=3, pageStart=1643, pageEnd=1652, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[80], rfOrder=113, authorNames=蒋旭光, 魏邦吉, 胡林飞, journalName=化工进展, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蒋旭光,魏邦吉,胡林飞,. 循环流化床锅炉外置换热器的研究现状及在垃圾焚烧炉中的应用[J]. 化工进展202140(3):1643-1652., articleTitle=循环流化床锅炉外置换热器的研究现状及在垃圾焚烧炉中的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068357494068099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=40, issue=3, pageStart=1643, pageEnd=1652, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[80], rfOrder=114, authorNames=JIANG Xuguang, WEI Bangji, HU Linfei, journalName=Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG Xuguang, WEI Bangji, HU Linfei, et al. Research status of external heat exchanger for circulating fluidized bed boiler and its application and development in garbage furnace[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(3): 1643-1652., articleTitle=Research status of external heat exchanger for circulating fluidized bed boiler and its application and development in garbage furnace, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1295068339706024712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, awardId=2018YFC1901302, language=EN, fundingSource=National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFC1901302), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1295068339764744969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, awardId=2018YFC1901302, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1901302), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1295068339898962698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, awardId=2024JBGS0026, language=EN, fundingSource=Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region “Unveiling the List and Appointing Leaders” Project(2024JBGS0026), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1295068339974460171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, awardId=2024JBGS0026, language=CN, fundingSource=内蒙古自治区“揭榜挂帅”项目(2024JBGS0026), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1295068334547030730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334555419339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334547030730, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Xizi Clean Energy Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334559613644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334547030730, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西子清洁能源装备制造股份有限公司,浙江 杭州 310021)]), AuthorCompany(id=1295068334622528205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334630916814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334622528205, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334639305423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334622528205, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.浙江大学能源高效清洁利用全国重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310027)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1295068338078634738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Phase stability diagram of the Fe-Cl-O system at 550 ℃, figureFileSmall=M4ELpfTaZbbHZ5hqr/YXwg==, figureFileBig=mgIDmuEBcjf1lC4UtOzMzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068338141549299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=CN, label=图1, caption=550 ℃下Fe-Cl-O系统的相稳定图, figureFileSmall=M4ELpfTaZbbHZ5hqr/YXwg==, figureFileBig=mgIDmuEBcjf1lC4UtOzMzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068338334487284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Structural evolutions of intermediates and transition states for the reaction from FeCl2 to Fe3O4, figureFileSmall=MR9gXo0ITcQYxyTREeyLFQ==, figureFileBig=q6r2lv/qV4pGdCwfyrtiNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068338389013237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=CN, label=图2, caption=FeCl2→Fe3O4路径上中间体及过渡态的结构演变, figureFileSmall=MR9gXo0ITcQYxyTREeyLFQ==, figureFileBig=q6r2lv/qV4pGdCwfyrtiNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068338456122102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Thermodynamic stability and equilibrium distribution of phase composition of potassium based compounds with temperature during straw burning process, figureFileSmall=bZToZduIktd1g7vBfj33Mg==, figureFileBig=2w3q5lMEWvYfjF/D5Y6pNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068338527425271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=CN, label=图3, caption=稻草燃烧过程中钾基化合物的热力学稳定性与相组成随温度变化的平衡分布, figureFileSmall=bZToZduIktd1g7vBfj33Mg==, figureFileBig=2w3q5lMEWvYfjF/D5Y6pNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068338602922744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Composition of ash from the combustion of common biomass fuels, figureFileSmall=0MabPoWYz6jKNyIJONz0lw==, figureFileBig=/IZxbDbGmNH7Xap0cRgsBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068338661643001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=CN, label=图4, caption=常见生物质燃料燃烧后的灰成分组成, figureFileSmall=0MabPoWYz6jKNyIJONz0lw==, figureFileBig=/IZxbDbGmNH7Xap0cRgsBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068338728751866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Sectional microstructure and corrosion morphology of Inconel 625 coating deposited by conventional laser and high-speed laser cladding, figureFileSmall=TDB+QZgnqUqwGods1iPkbA==, figureFileBig=7a+rMn767PAIVAdqvxL2oQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068338787472123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=CN, label=图5, caption=常规激光及高速激光熔覆Inconel 625涂层的断面组织以及腐蚀形貌, figureFileSmall=TDB+QZgnqUqwGods1iPkbA==, figureFileBig=7a+rMn767PAIVAdqvxL2oQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068338841998076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=General structural layout of a solid waste incinerator, figureFileSmall=RAF1/a1mxyHQtkubbIsw2Q==, figureFileBig=9eFmmG12m8bZrN3YAiCm6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068338917495549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=CN, label=图6, caption=某固废焚烧炉总体结构布置, figureFileSmall=RAF1/a1mxyHQtkubbIsw2Q==, figureFileBig=9eFmmG12m8bZrN3YAiCm6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068338984604414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Melting points of typical compounds present in biomass boiler environment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氯化物熔点/℃氯化物组合熔点/℃
NaCl80160%(质量分数,下同)NaCl+40%K2SO4507
KCl77055%KCl+45%K2SO4690
FeCl267625%NaCl+75%FeCl3156
FeCl330360%KCl+40%FeCl2355
CrCl282058%NaCl+42%FeCl2370
CrCl31 15070%ZnCl2+30%FeCl3200
NiCl21 03072%PbCl2+28%FeCl2421
ZnCl231845%KCl+55%ZnCl2230
PbCl249830%NaCl+70%ZnCl2262
), ArticleFig(id=1295068339043324671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

生物质锅炉环境中的典型化合物熔点

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氯化物熔点/℃氯化物组合熔点/℃
NaCl80160%(质量分数,下同)NaCl+40%K2SO4507
KCl77055%KCl+45%K2SO4690
FeCl267625%NaCl+75%FeCl3156
FeCl330360%KCl+40%FeCl2355
CrCl282058%NaCl+42%FeCl2370
CrCl31 15070%ZnCl2+30%FeCl3200
NiCl21 03072%PbCl2+28%FeCl2421
ZnCl231845%KCl+55%ZnCl2230
PbCl249830%NaCl+70%ZnCl2262
), ArticleFig(id=1295068339110433536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Corrosion resistance ranking of common heating surface materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验温度/℃气氛条件积灰条件耐腐蚀性能排序(从优到劣)来源
650空气KClHR3C>TP347H ≈ Super304≈SUS316>12Cr1MoVG>20G文献[46]
56082%N2+12%CO2+6% O2玉米、小麦秸秆灰TP347H>SUS316>T91>15CrMoG > 12Cr1MoVG文献[47]
650空气KClHR3C>Super304>TP347H>SUS316>12Cr1MoVG>20G文献[48]
蒸汽温度为520 ℃实际生物质锅炉内的三级过热器区域HT700T>Sanicro25>SP2215>TP347H文献[49]
50060%CO2+30%H2O+8%O2+2%N2+400×10-6HCl+2×10–6SO2KCl+K2SO4T22>Ni5Al>P92>Sanicro28>Ni20Cr>Fe50Cr文献[50]
), ArticleFig(id=1295068339190125313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

常见受热面材料的耐腐蚀性能排序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验温度/℃气氛条件积灰条件耐腐蚀性能排序(从优到劣)来源
650空气KClHR3C>TP347H ≈ Super304≈SUS316>12Cr1MoVG>20G文献[46]
56082%N2+12%CO2+6% O2玉米、小麦秸秆灰TP347H>SUS316>T91>15CrMoG > 12Cr1MoVG文献[47]
650空气KClHR3C>Super304>TP347H>SUS316>12Cr1MoVG>20G文献[48]
蒸汽温度为520 ℃实际生物质锅炉内的三级过热器区域HT700T>Sanicro25>SP2215>TP347H文献[49]
50060%CO2+30%H2O+8%O2+2%N2+400×10-6HCl+2×10–6SO2KCl+K2SO4T22>Ni5Al>P92>Sanicro28>Ni20Cr>Fe50Cr文献[50]
), ArticleFig(id=1295068339269817090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

A summary of common coating materials and their corrosion resistance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
喷涂工艺耐腐蚀性能实验条件涂层类型与防腐效果来源
电弧喷涂800 ℃,Na2SO4+10%NaCl盐熔液Ni基高Al涂层耐高温腐蚀性能良好,单位面积涂层增加质量远远低于商用NiCrTi涂层的高温腐蚀增加质量文献[57]
HVAF600 ℃,5%O2+500×10–6HCl+N2,有无KCl沉积无KCl时,NiCr和NiAl 2种涂层均形成保护性氧化膜,耐氯腐蚀良好;有KCl时,NiCr氧化膜缺陷明显,NiAl具良好保护性文献[58]
HVAF600 ℃,KCl沉积条件下Ni5(质量分数,%)Al>Ni21Cr>Ni21Cr7Al1Y>Ni21Cr9Mo文献[59]
HVOF20 kWth生物质鼓泡流化床(BFB)燃烧器和工业级无烟煤CFB锅炉Stellite-6涂层(Co-28.3Cr-4.8W-2.2Ni-1.5Fe-1.2Si-1.2C)抗腐蚀性优异,归功于涂层表面Cr2O3/CoCr2O4双层结构的形成;NiAl涂层表面形成的Al2O3层会因床料冲击而剥落失效文献[60]
HVOF650 ℃,NaCl-KCl混合盐沉积NiMoCrW涂层中Mo的存在提高了其在碱性盐存在下的高温耐腐蚀性,CoNiCrAlY涂层上稳定的Al2O3氧化皮的形成减少了氯化物的渗透和铬酸盐对保护氧化皮的降解文献[61]
激光熔覆650 ℃,NaCl+KCl和NaCl+KCl+ K2SO4盐沉积环境NiAl涂层在NaCl-KCl环境中,可以形成连续Al2O3保护层;在NaCl-KCl-K2SO4环境中,K2SO4的引入会导致“碱性溶解”机制,破坏Al2O3保护性,导致涂层失效文献[62]
激光熔覆700 ℃,NaCl-KCl沉积盐环境Ni-20Cr-6Mo-5Al涂层保护下的合金腐蚀深度较Inconel 625降低9倍,耐蚀性优异文献[63]
高温烧结400~500 ℃,KCl盐膜覆盖先驱体陶瓷涂层能有效保护基材,显著减轻KCl引起的腐蚀文献[64]
等离子喷涂600 ℃,KCl沉积条件下Ni包Al加Mo涂层材料可以有效抵抗KCl沉积条件下的高温腐蚀文献[65]
), ArticleFig(id=1295068339345314563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

常见涂层材料及其耐腐蚀性能总结

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
喷涂工艺耐腐蚀性能实验条件涂层类型与防腐效果来源
电弧喷涂800 ℃,Na2SO4+10%NaCl盐熔液Ni基高Al涂层耐高温腐蚀性能良好,单位面积涂层增加质量远远低于商用NiCrTi涂层的高温腐蚀增加质量文献[57]
HVAF600 ℃,5%O2+500×10–6HCl+N2,有无KCl沉积无KCl时,NiCr和NiAl 2种涂层均形成保护性氧化膜,耐氯腐蚀良好;有KCl时,NiCr氧化膜缺陷明显,NiAl具良好保护性文献[58]
HVAF600 ℃,KCl沉积条件下Ni5(质量分数,%)Al>Ni21Cr>Ni21Cr7Al1Y>Ni21Cr9Mo文献[59]
HVOF20 kWth生物质鼓泡流化床(BFB)燃烧器和工业级无烟煤CFB锅炉Stellite-6涂层(Co-28.3Cr-4.8W-2.2Ni-1.5Fe-1.2Si-1.2C)抗腐蚀性优异,归功于涂层表面Cr2O3/CoCr2O4双层结构的形成;NiAl涂层表面形成的Al2O3层会因床料冲击而剥落失效文献[60]
HVOF650 ℃,NaCl-KCl混合盐沉积NiMoCrW涂层中Mo的存在提高了其在碱性盐存在下的高温耐腐蚀性,CoNiCrAlY涂层上稳定的Al2O3氧化皮的形成减少了氯化物的渗透和铬酸盐对保护氧化皮的降解文献[61]
激光熔覆650 ℃,NaCl+KCl和NaCl+KCl+ K2SO4盐沉积环境NiAl涂层在NaCl-KCl环境中,可以形成连续Al2O3保护层;在NaCl-KCl-K2SO4环境中,K2SO4的引入会导致“碱性溶解”机制,破坏Al2O3保护性,导致涂层失效文献[62]
激光熔覆700 ℃,NaCl-KCl沉积盐环境Ni-20Cr-6Mo-5Al涂层保护下的合金腐蚀深度较Inconel 625降低9倍,耐蚀性优异文献[63]
高温烧结400~500 ℃,KCl盐膜覆盖先驱体陶瓷涂层能有效保护基材,显著减轻KCl引起的腐蚀文献[64]
等离子喷涂600 ℃,KCl沉积条件下Ni包Al加Mo涂层材料可以有效抵抗KCl沉积条件下的高温腐蚀文献[65]
), ArticleFig(id=1295068339408229124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Application effectiveness of common additives under actual boiler or test conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
添加剂类型主要原理及效果
CaO-粉煤灰复合添加剂[45]添加质量分数5%~9%玉米秸秆、添加质量分数4%~7%小麦秸秆时,腐蚀抑制效果最佳
SiO2-Al2O3-CaO复合添加剂[74]可以与KCl反应生成CaSO4、Ca2Al2SiO7、CaSiO3等高熔点钙盐,提高灰熔点,抑制灰沉积
硅铝添加剂[71]可以减少烟气中气态KCl,并将K、Ca转化为高熔点硅铝酸盐,显著降低积灰与腐蚀倾向
高岭土[73]能够使沉积物中CaSO4占比上升,KCl占比下降,有效缓解高温腐蚀
磷酸盐尾矿[75]磷酸盐尾矿在600 ℃以下通过形成K-磷酸盐可以显著抑制钾释放
粉煤灰[76]当(Si+Al)/(Na+K)的摩尔分数约为2,Si/Al的摩尔分数约为1时,可以显著降低金属腐蚀速率
白云石[77]可以促进高熔点矿物质的形成,抑制灰分熔融;且KCl易与白云石结合,减少了其对金属的腐蚀
), ArticleFig(id=1295068339466949381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

常用添加剂在实际锅炉或试验条件下的应用效果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
添加剂类型主要原理及效果
CaO-粉煤灰复合添加剂[45]添加质量分数5%~9%玉米秸秆、添加质量分数4%~7%小麦秸秆时,腐蚀抑制效果最佳
SiO2-Al2O3-CaO复合添加剂[74]可以与KCl反应生成CaSO4、Ca2Al2SiO7、CaSiO3等高熔点钙盐,提高灰熔点,抑制灰沉积
硅铝添加剂[71]可以减少烟气中气态KCl,并将K、Ca转化为高熔点硅铝酸盐,显著降低积灰与腐蚀倾向
高岭土[73]能够使沉积物中CaSO4占比上升,KCl占比下降,有效缓解高温腐蚀
磷酸盐尾矿[75]磷酸盐尾矿在600 ℃以下通过形成K-磷酸盐可以显著抑制钾释放
粉煤灰[76]当(Si+Al)/(Na+K)的摩尔分数约为2,Si/Al的摩尔分数约为1时,可以显著降低金属腐蚀速率
白云石[77]可以促进高熔点矿物质的形成,抑制灰分熔融;且KCl易与白云石结合,减少了其对金属的腐蚀
), ArticleFig(id=1295068339534058246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Economic comparison of four high-temperature corrosion control technologies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
技术措施成本等级防腐效率E/C工程特性概述
燃料预处理中—高能有效降低燃料中K、Cl含量;依赖水源、能耗与场地条件
涂层防护防护效果稳定;施工与维修成本较高,多用于高腐蚀风险部位
添加剂抑制中—高投运灵活、成本最低;效果随燃料成分与工况存在波动
外置床技术中—高低—中属结构级优化;投资与运行成本高,适用于高腐蚀负荷场景
), ArticleFig(id=1295068339609555719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

4类高温腐蚀控制技术的经济性比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
技术措施成本等级防腐效率E/C工程特性概述
燃料预处理中—高能有效降低燃料中K、Cl含量;依赖水源、能耗与场地条件
涂层防护防护效果稳定;施工与维修成本较高,多用于高腐蚀风险部位
添加剂抑制中—高投运灵活、成本最低;效果随燃料成分与工况存在波动
外置床技术中—高低—中属结构级优化;投资与运行成本高,适用于高腐蚀负荷场景
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1210938006006558725, delFlag=0, nameCn=热力发电, nameEn=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1002-3364, eissn=null, cn=61-1111/TM, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=IcKGK23kpfWlBK6GqYtS5g==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1766639718774, updatedTime=1784018130043, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=R, firstLetterEn=R, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=Engineering, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=IcKGK23kpfWlBK6GqYtS5g==, picEn=UzifuamzuAk3uXMVSOtdyA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1283828346035356554, language=CN, name=热力发电, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1784018130072, updatedTime=1784018130072, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfdauthor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfdeditor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfdauthor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://rlfdeditor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://rlfdeditor.cast.org.cn/webm, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1283828346094076811, language=EN, name=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1784018130086, updatedTime=1784018130086, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfdauthor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfdeditor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfdauthor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://rlfdeditor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://rlfdeditor.cast.org.cn/webm, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1210938733613449225, websiteList=[Website(id=1210941118787744741, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN, language=CN, createTime=1766640460918, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640511525, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=热力发电, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1307280923934876518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1789609660371, updateTime=1789609660371, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1307280923905516387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1789609660364, updateTime=1789609660364, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1307280923960042345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1789609660377, updateTime=1789609660377, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1307280923880350562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1789609660358, updateTime=1789609660358, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1307280923976819563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1789609660381, updateTime=1789609660381, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1307280923926487909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic, createTime=1789609660369, updateTime=1789609660369, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1307280923968430954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1789609660379, updateTime=1789609660379, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1307280923913904996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1789609660366, updateTime=1789609660366, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1307280923943265127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1789609660373, updateTime=1789609660373, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1307280923951653736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeStyle, value=.style-1 .main-menu ul>li { margin-right: 18px; }, createTime=1789609660375, updateTime=1789609660375, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1210941118926156777, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN, language=EN, createTime=1766640460950, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640598724, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Thermal Power Generation, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1218204520857915865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1768372190918, updateTime=1768372190918, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1218204520841138646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1768372190914, updateTime=1768372190914, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1218204520874693084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1768372190922, updateTime=1768372190922, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1218204520828555733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1768372190911, updateTime=1768372190911, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1218204520887275998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1768372190925, updateTime=1768372190925, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1218204520853721560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/file/pic, createTime=1768372190917, updateTime=1768372190917, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1218204520883081693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1768372190924, updateTime=1768372190924, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1218204520845332951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1768372190915, updateTime=1768372190915, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1218204520866304474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1768372190920, updateTime=1768372190920, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1218204520870498779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeStyle, value=.style-1 .main-menu ul>li { margin-right: 15px; }, createTime=1768372190921, updateTime=1768372190921, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=热力发电, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalPhotoCn=IcKGK23kpfWlBK6GqYtS5g==, journalPhotoEn=UzifuamzuAk3uXMVSOtdyA==, journalFirstLetter=R, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202510037, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202510037, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202510037, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202510037, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1782316800000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
生物质电站锅炉高温腐蚀及防控技术综述
收藏切换
PDF下载
刘晓博 1, 2 , 蒋旭光 2 , 刘珍 1 , 刘可亮 1 , 俞苗 1
热力发电 | 技术经济综述 2026,55(6): 15-27
收起
收藏切换
热力发电 |技术经济综述 2026 , 55 (6) : 15 -27
生物质电站锅炉高温腐蚀及防控技术综述
全屏
[Author(id=1295068334714802897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=xiaobo_liu@zju.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1295068334802883284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, authorId=1295068334714802897, language=EN, stringName=Xiaobo LIU, firstName=Xiaobo, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.Xizi Clean Energy Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310021, China
2.State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1295068334853214933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, authorId=1295068334714802897, language=CN, stringName=刘晓博, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.西子清洁能源装备制造股份有限公司,浙江 杭州 310021
2.浙江大学能源高效清洁利用全国重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310027, bio={"content":"

刘晓博(1996),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为固废与生物质能源高效清洁利用,

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

刘晓博(1996),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为固废与生物质能源高效清洁利用,

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1295068334547030730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334555419339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334547030730, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Xizi Clean Energy Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334559613644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334547030730, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西子清洁能源装备制造股份有限公司,浙江 杭州 310021)]), AuthorCompany(id=1295068334622528205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334630916814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334622528205, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334639305423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334622528205, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.浙江大学能源高效清洁利用全国重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310027)])]), Author(id=1295068334916129495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1295068335029375705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, authorId=1295068334916129495, language=EN, stringName=Xuguang JIANG, firstName=Xuguang, middleName=null, lastName=JIANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1295068335096484570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, authorId=1295068334916129495, language=CN, stringName=蒋旭光, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.浙江大学能源高效清洁利用全国重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310027, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1295068334622528205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334630916814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334622528205, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334639305423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334622528205, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.浙江大学能源高效清洁利用全国重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310027)])]), Author(id=1295068335176176348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1295068335247479518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, authorId=1295068335176176348, language=EN, stringName=Zhen LIU, firstName=Zhen, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Xizi Clean Energy Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310021, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1295068335314588383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, authorId=1295068335176176348, language=CN, stringName=刘珍, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.西子清洁能源装备制造股份有限公司,浙江 杭州 310021, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1295068334547030730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334555419339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334547030730, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Xizi Clean Energy Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334559613644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334547030730, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西子清洁能源装备制造股份有限公司,浙江 杭州 310021)])]), Author(id=1295068335377502945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1295068335453000419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, authorId=1295068335377502945, language=EN, stringName=Keliang LIU, firstName=Keliang, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Xizi Clean Energy Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310021, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1295068335515914980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, authorId=1295068335377502945, language=CN, stringName=刘可亮, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.西子清洁能源装备制造股份有限公司,浙江 杭州 310021, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1295068334547030730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334555419339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334547030730, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Xizi Clean Energy Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334559613644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334547030730, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西子清洁能源装备制造股份有限公司,浙江 杭州 310021)])]), Author(id=1295068335574635238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yu.miao@xizice.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1295068335645938408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, authorId=1295068335574635238, language=EN, stringName=Miao YU, firstName=Miao, middleName=null, lastName=YU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Xizi Clean Energy Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310021, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1295068335754990313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, authorId=1295068335574635238, language=CN, stringName=俞苗, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.西子清洁能源装备制造股份有限公司,浙江 杭州 310021, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1295068334547030730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334555419339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334547030730, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Xizi Clean Energy Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295068334559613644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068330398864058, companyId=1295068334547030730, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西子清洁能源装备制造股份有限公司,浙江 杭州 310021)])])]
刘晓博1, 2 , 蒋旭光2, 刘珍1, 刘可亮1, 俞苗1
作者信息
  • 1.西子清洁能源装备制造股份有限公司,浙江 杭州 310021
  • 2.浙江大学能源高效清洁利用全国重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310027
通讯作者:
俞苗(1972),男,学士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为清洁能源开发利用与新能源储能,
作者简介:

刘晓博(1996),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为固废与生物质能源高效清洁利用,

A review on the high temperature corrosion and protection technology in biomass power plant boilers
Xiaobo LIU1, 2 , Xuguang JIANG2, Zhen LIU1, Keliang LIU1, Miao YU1
Affiliations
  • 1.Xizi Clean Energy Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310021, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202510037
文章导航
收藏切换
【意义】

生物质发电对我国实现“双碳”目标至关重要,但其锅炉普遍存在因燃料高氯、高碱引发的高温腐蚀问题,严重制约了机组蒸汽参数与效率的提升。本文旨在系统梳理该问题的机理、影响因素及防控技术,为相关研究与实践提供参考。

【分析】

首先概括了生物质锅炉高温腐蚀的典型特征,系统阐述了氯、碱金属和硫等关键介质的腐蚀作用机理;进而分析了温度、烟气成分、灰分组成及材料属性等因素对腐蚀行为的影响规律;最后,归纳总结了燃料预处理、涂层防护、添加剂抑制及外置床等经试验或工程验证的防控技术,并比较了它们的应用特点及经济性。

【展望】

未来研究可从三方面深化:一是融合先进材料科学技术揭示多介质耦合腐蚀的微观机理;二是开发高温稳定性好的新型防护材料;三是构建“燃料-添加剂-运行-防护”一体化协同控制策略。通过机理研究、材料开发与系统防控技术的协同创新,有望为生物质锅炉安全、高效、低成本运行提供关键支撑。

生物质锅炉  /  高温腐蚀  /  腐蚀机理  /  防控技术
[Significance]

Biomass power generation plays a crucial role in China’s efforts to achieve the “dual carbon” goal. The goal focuses on peaking carbon dioxide emissions and reaching carbon neutrality within a predefined timeline. However, high chlorine and alkali metal contents are naturally present in biomass fuels. Due to this characteristic, biomass boilers are prone to severe high-temperature corrosion during operation. The long-term reliability and safety of boiler systems are undermined by this issue. A systematic and comprehensive review of high-temperature corrosion in biomass boilers is provided in this paper. The corrosion mechanisms, influencing factors, and mitigation technologies are covered, with the aim of providing a valuable reference for both research and engineering practices.

[Analysis]

Firstly, the typical characteristics of high-temperature corrosion in biomass-fired boilers are outlined. On this basis, the corrosion mechanisms involving key media such as chlorine, alkali metals, and sulfur are elaborated. Subsequently, the influence of multiple critical factors on corrosion behavior is analyzed in detail. The reaction rate of corrosive processes is directly regulated by temperature. The corrosive environment is changed by flue gas composition. The formation of protective or corrosive deposits is affected by ash composition. The intrinsic corrosion resistance of boiler components is determined by material properties. Finally, a series of prevention and control technologies are summarized. These technologies have been validated through laboratory experiments or long-term engineering practice. They include fuel pretreatment (to reduce corrosive constituents), coating protection (to isolate metal surfaces from corrosive media), additive inhibition (to suppress harmful chemical reactions), and external fluidized beds (to optimize combustion and corrosion conditions). The unique application features, advantages, limitations and economic efficiency of each technology are also discussed.

[Prospect]

Future research can be deepened from three key aspects. First, advanced materials science should be integrated to elucidate the microscopic mechanisms of multi-medium coupled corrosion. Interface reactions and damage evolution processes at the atomic and molecular levels can be uncovered. Second, efforts should be intensified to develop novel high-performance protective materials. These materials should be endowed with exceptional high-temperature stability, corrosion resistance and mechanical strength. The harsh operating environments of biomass boilers must be withstood by them. Third, an integrated and collaborative control strategy should be established. This strategy is synergistically combined with fuel pretreatment, scientific additive selection, optimized operational parameters, and advanced material protection. Full-cycle, multi-dimensional corrosion control is the ultimate goal to be achieved. Through the synergistic innovation of mechanism research, advanced material development and systematic prevention-and-control technologies, it is expected to provide essential support for the safe, efficient, and low-cost operation of biomass boilers.

biomass boiler  /  high-temperature corrosion  /  corrosion mechanism  /  protection technology
刘晓博, 蒋旭光, 刘珍, 刘可亮, 俞苗. 生物质电站锅炉高温腐蚀及防控技术综述. 热力发电, 2026 , 55 (6) : 15 -27 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202510037
Xiaobo LIU, Xuguang JIANG, Zhen LIU, Keliang LIU, Miao YU. A review on the high temperature corrosion and protection technology in biomass power plant boilers[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2026 , 55 (6) : 15 -27 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202510037
生物质能源作为一种重要的可再生能源,其高效利用对替代化石能源、推动全球碳减排具有重要意义。生物质能源的利用技术主要包括沼气发酵、制燃料乙醇、制生物柴油、气化制氢、压缩成固化燃料以及直燃发电等[1]。其中,生物质直燃发电是目前国内外商业化程度最高、应用最为广泛的技术,也是我国生物质能源的主流利用方式[2]。据国际可再生能源机构统计[3],截至2024年,全球生物质能源累计装机容量达151.223 GW,其中中国以32.3 GW位居亚洲首位。在生物质直燃发电技术中,生物质锅炉是核心设备。常见的生物质锅炉包括炉排炉和循环流化床(CFB)锅炉2类。其中,直燃型CFB锅炉因燃料适应性强,负荷调节范围宽、污染物控制效果佳等优势,在生物质直燃发电领域应用广泛,目前已成为生物质直燃发电市场中占有率最高的炉型[4]
然而,由于作物生长过程中钾肥的施加等原因,常见的生物质燃料如小麦秸秆和玉米秸秆中大都含有较多的氯元素和碱金属元素[5],这使得生物质锅炉运行时,其烟气中往往含有较多的HCl、碱金属氯盐等腐蚀性物质,易引起生物质锅炉受热面高温腐蚀,从而影响锅炉的连续稳定运行。由于高温腐蚀问题的存在,有研究[6]指出,纯燃生物质CFB锅炉连续运行周期不超过6个月;还有研究[7]提及,大多数传统生物质CFB锅炉在连续运行不到4个月后就必须停炉进行检修。而出于对效率提升和能耗降低的需求,我国生物质锅炉一直在向大型化、高参数化方向发展,自国内首台75 t/h中温中压生物质锅炉发展至今,目前市场上已相继出现90 t/h高温次高压、130 t/h高温高压甚至260 t/h高温超高压再热锅炉[2]。这意味着生物质锅炉内的高温腐蚀环境将变得愈加恶劣,其高温受热面的服役寿命会因此而不断缩短。因此,进一步深化对生物质锅炉受热面的高温腐蚀机理及其防腐技术的认识,对于保障其安全、高效、长期、稳定运行具有重要意义。
在近几年有关生物质锅炉高温腐蚀的综述中,范浩东等[8]对生物质CFB锅炉的腐蚀特性及抑制方法进行了总结,该文将生物质CFB锅炉的腐蚀类型分为了气相腐蚀、液相腐蚀和固相腐蚀,并从工程实践的角度给出了一些实际锅炉发生腐蚀时的应对方法。陈刚等[9]对生物质燃烧过程中可能的结焦、积灰及腐蚀形成机理进行了系统分析,并针对相应抑制剂的作用机制及施加效果进行了探讨。本文主要围绕生物质锅炉的高温腐蚀问题展开,系统剖析了其腐蚀机理(主要涉及氯、硫、碱金属3类腐蚀介质),同时总结了影响高温腐蚀的主要因素,并在此基础上列举了几种常见的高温腐蚀防护技术与应用情况,以期为相关从业者提供技术参考。
生物质锅炉中的高温腐蚀形貌特征,通常表现为在过热器管子迎风侧表面覆盖着厚厚的积灰[10]。积灰在高温作用下发生烧结,形成大块后因重力脱落,脱落后露出的管子表面呈现凹凸不平的腐蚀坑,腐蚀产物层疏松易剥落。即使在加装有防磨盖板的区域,盖板及受热面也会发生腐蚀,且盖板的腐蚀更为严重,其腐蚀产物通常呈层状结构,易脱落[11]。对腐蚀受热面的产物分析显示,碱金属氯化物是与腐蚀相关的主要成分。如Wei等人[12]的研究表明,以桉树为燃料的锅炉过热器管的腐蚀层分为3个结构层:外层(以硅酸盐/硫酸盐为主)、中间层(富含NaCl/KCl晶体)及内层(富含FeCl3/Fe2O3),其中,含有碱金属氯盐的中间层的厚度占比最高(占92.8%),表现出与腐蚀进程的显著相关性。
高温腐蚀严重时可引发过热器爆管,导致锅炉停机。国内某台额定蒸发量为65 t/h、额定蒸汽参数为9.81 MPa、540 ℃的生物质锅炉,其设计燃料为秸秆、林木碎屑等,过热器材质为12Cr1MoVG,投入运行仅6个月便发生了高温过热器爆管停炉事故,失效分析表明是磨损和高温腐蚀的共同作用导致了爆管的发生[13]。某公司2台75 t/h、主蒸汽参数为540 ℃、9.0~9.8 MPa的高温高压联合炉排生物质直燃锅炉,在投运7年后其高温过热器(TP347H材质)开始频繁发生爆管,检验结果表明,氯、硫、碱金属等腐蚀介质对过热器管外壁的高温腐蚀导致了过热器管减薄爆管[14]。上述工程案例表明,生物质锅炉高温腐蚀的发生主要与氯、硫、碱金属等腐蚀介质有关,且具有显著的隐蔽性与破坏性,往往是待发生了爆管事故方被察觉。
Nielsen等人[15]早期提出在生物质锅炉环境中Cl是最关键的腐蚀诱因,且指出碱金属氯化物的存在可能导致远低于其自身熔点的加速腐蚀。生物质燃料中的Cl质量分数通常为0.2%~2.0%,主要以KCl、NaCl等无机物形态存在[16]。在燃烧过程中,这些Cl主要转化为气态的HCl或Cl2排放至烟气中,少量Cl继续保留在无机物中。与Cl相关的腐蚀通常由“活性氧化”来解释[17],该机理涉及3个关键阶段:首先是Cl2的生成,其次是Cl2向金属基体表面的扩散渗透,最后是金属氯化物的形成。
Cl2的来源主要有2个途径:一是碱金属氯化物与金属氧化膜之间的界面反应,该反应同时也是破坏金属表面初始保护性氧化层的主要反应[18];二是HCl的氧化反应。以铁基合金为例:
4KCl+2Fe2O3+O2(g)2K2Fe2O4+2Cl2(g)
4KCl+Fe2O3+2H2O+1.5O2(g)2K2FeO4+4HCl(g)
4HCl(g)+O2(g)2H2O(g)+2Cl2(g)
Fe+Cl2(g)FeCl2(s)
当上述反应生成的Cl2以某种方式渗透至氧化膜/金属界面时,由于该界面处O2分压(pO2)相对较低,会倾向于生成金属氯化物(图1[19]):
FeCl2等金属氯化物具有相当高的蒸气压,容易向外蒸发扩散,在其以气态形式沿着孔隙向外扩散的过程中,会被外界高分压的O2氧化成金属氧化物,并重新释放出Cl2
FeCl2(s)FeCl2(g)
3FeCl2+2O2(g)Fe3O4+3Cl2(g)
这一过程所形成的金属氧化物是疏松多孔的,不具备致密性,因此无法保护金属免受外界O2和Cl2的继续入侵。同时,在该过程中产生的部分Cl2也会返回金属表面再次腐蚀金属。因此,上述一系列反应相当于形成了“氯催化”的循环腐蚀反应。
针对上述循环过程的微观反应路径,近期基于DFT的理论研究[20]表明,在FeCl2被O2氧化的完整路径中,涉及Fe2O4和Cl2Fe2O2等中间体的结构演化,并逐次生成3个Cl2分子(图2[20])。其中第3个Cl2的逸出反应需要吸收的能量最高,高达300.4 kJ/mol,为整个氧化序列的速率控制步骤。该结果证明了金属-氯化物-氧化物体系在高温下更易发生转化,为“活性氧化”机理提供了更加具体的热力学依据。
总的来说,虽然“活性氧化”机理中并未明确说明Cl2分子如何渗透穿过氧化膜到达金属基体表面及金属氯化物具体如何从金属氧化层下方向外蒸发扩散[21],但结合实际生物质锅炉中出现的疏松易脱落的腐蚀产物这一现象,该机理对于高温氯腐蚀的解释已较为完善。
生物质燃烧后产生的碱金属氯化物也是引起高温腐蚀的主要诱因。对于碱金属元素(Na、K),其在生物质锅炉高温烟气中主要以氯化物蒸气形态(NaCl(g)、KCl(g))存在并随烟气迁移[22],在流动过程中易以气溶胶形式冷凝黏附在受热面表面。碱金属氯化物可通过化学反应破坏金属表面的氧化膜,进而基于“活性氧化”机理诱发金属的严重腐蚀,然而碱金属元素本身也具有特殊性。有研究[23]指出,K元素可能能够通过扩大晶界无序区增强离子传输,导致晶界力学性能发生改变而诱发氧化层开裂。Karlsson等人[24]通过试验比较了在600 ℃的富含水蒸气的氧化性气氛下304不锈钢表面分别沉积有NaCl、KCl、CaCl2 3种氯盐时的腐蚀行为,发现CaCl2对304不锈钢的腐蚀性远小于NaCl和KCl,可见并不是所有氯盐都具有腐蚀性。
碱金属氯盐和其他盐类发生混合后易形成低熔点共晶盐,具体见表1[25-26]。由表1可知,纯KCl的熔点在770 ℃左右,在一般生物质锅炉的壁面温度下并不会发生熔融,但当其与K2SO4混合后可形成熔点为690 ℃的共晶混合盐[25],与FeCl2混合后可形成熔点低至355 ℃的共晶混合盐[26]。此时在炉内的高温条件下,将很容易在受热面金属表面形成熔盐环境,由于液相中的化学反应通常比固相反应更加剧烈,且容易引起电化学腐蚀反应,因此将会造成合金表面更严重的腐蚀。还有研究[27]表明,碱金属熔盐可以直接通过离子反应破坏金属表面氧化层:
Cr2O3+6Cl=2CrCl3+2O2+0.5O2
2Fe2O3+8Cl=4FeCl2+5O2+0.5O2
对于碱金属硫酸盐(如K2SO4)的腐蚀性,现有的研究表明,当环境温度低于K2SO4的熔点时,其对金属的腐蚀性并不明显[28],而当环境温度高于其熔点时(如当K2SO4和其他盐类形成低熔点共晶盐时),熔融的K2SO4可能会通过反应(式(9))破坏金属表面的氧化膜[25],然后含硫介质则可以通过裂缝渗透到腐蚀层底部导致金属发生内部硫化:
4K2SO4+2Cr2O3+3O2(g)4K2CrO4+4SO3
总的来说,在生物质锅炉烟气环境中,碱金属和氯一样,都是引起高温腐蚀的主要诱因,而且正是由于碱金属元素具有活泼的化学性质,其与氯组成的碱金属氯盐才具有较强的腐蚀性。
在纯烧生物质的锅炉中,常见生物质燃料如玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆中S的初始占比通常较小(质量分数仅为0.2%左右)[29],因此在生物质锅炉烟气中,SO2的含量相当低,无需特别考虑SO2引起的高温腐蚀。烟气中存在的SO2,其通常会与碱金属氯盐反应生成硫酸盐:
2KCl+SO2(g)+O2(g)K2SO4+Cl2(g)
4KCl+2SO2(g)+2H2O(g)+O2(g)2K2SO4+4HCl(g)
对在上述反应中生成的HCl或Cl2是否也会参与锅炉受热面的氯腐蚀,学术界一直存在争议。Grabke等人[17]最早提出该反应主要发生在积灰层外层,释放的Cl仅有少量会扩散至金属表面,大部分损失在烟气中,因此不会对金属造成过多腐蚀影响。但之后的研究者[30]认为,碱金属氯化物硫酸化过程中产生的HCl也是引起过热器腐蚀的主要原因之一。而还有研究者[31]认为该过程更主要的贡献是将碱金属氯化物转化成了相对稳定的硫酸盐,可以减轻碱金属氯盐对金属的腐蚀。总的来说,从目前的大多数文献来看,更多研究者倾向于认可SO2对氯腐蚀的抑制作用。
此外,氯、硫与碱金属之间的竞争反应具有显著的温度依赖性,其直接决定了烟气中KCl、K2SO4、HCl等物质的存在形态,并最终影响过热器的腐蚀速率。图3为稻草燃烧过程中钾基化合物的热力学稳定性与相组成随温度变化的平衡分布[32]。由图3可知,在稻草燃烧体系中,较低温度下,KCl(s)、K2SO4(s)和K2O·SiO2等物质的存在较为稳定,而在较高温度下,KCl(g)可稳定存在,并在更高温度下逐渐向KOH(g)和HCl(g)转化。但当体系内S含量充足时,K2SO4(s)将成为1 080 ℃以下唯一的稳定凝聚相。相关实验[33]也证实,在1 200~1 400 ℃条件下提高SO2分压会显著促进KCl(g)→K2SO4(g)的硫酸化转变,使沉积物中K2SO4的比例增加,KCl的含量相应减少,从而降低所得沉积物的腐蚀性。这些基于温度与烟气成分的热力学平衡关系能够解释不同生物质燃料氯/硫比条件下的腐蚀行为差异。
温度是高温腐蚀的最关键因素。具体来说,温度升高一方面会使化学反应更加活跃,加速各类腐蚀反应;另一方面还会提高金属氯化物的蒸气压,加快其扩散氧化,因此导致腐蚀速率增加[34]。有试验研究[35]表明,在500×10-6(体积分数,下同)HCl+6%(体积分数,下同)O2+N2的气氛和KCl沉积的腐蚀试验条件下,试验温度超过400 ℃后,每升高100 ℃,12Cr1MoVG的腐蚀速率提升2~3倍,T91的腐蚀速率提升1~2倍。还有研究[36]表明,在12%CO2+5%O2+0.05%HCl+N2的烟气条件下,随着试验温度的升高,TP347H和CT45 2种合金的耐腐蚀性能均大大降低,尤其是在温度超过550 ℃后,二者的腐蚀速率显著大幅上升,其中TP347H的腐蚀速率在超过600 ℃时几乎呈指数型上升。由此可见,当温度超过某个临界值之后,腐蚀会显著加速。考虑到生物质锅炉内温度最高的受热面通常是高温过热器,有研究者[37]对此进行了概括性总结:当过热蒸汽温度低于490 ℃时,高温过热器的腐蚀速率通常会较低;当过热蒸汽温度高于550 ℃时,高温过热器则容易发生加速腐蚀。
此外,目前实验室条件下的高温腐蚀研究多采用等温试验条件,即金属温度和腐蚀环境温度相同,但这与真实锅炉环境存在明显差别。根据国家标准《水管锅炉受压元件强度计算》(GB/T 9222—2008),锅炉内受压元件的壁温可以简单估算为工质温度+50 ℃,因此实际锅炉环境中受热面壁温远达不到烟温。研究表明[38],当烟气温度和金属温度存在温差(或温度梯度)时,金属的腐蚀速率高于二者温度相同时。其原因是较高的烟气温度会增大金属表面积灰中的碱金属盐蒸发量,从而加速碱金属氯盐对金属表面保护性氧化膜的破坏反应。由此可见,实验室条件下通过等温试验获得的腐蚀结果可能与实际锅炉中存在较大偏差。这意味着,在实际锅炉运行过程中,控制炉内温度场均匀、避免局部高温对缓解受热面高温腐蚀具有重要意义。
生物质锅炉的烟气成分中,与受热面高温腐蚀相关的气体主要为HCl和SO2。研究表明,金属的高温腐蚀速率与环境气氛中HCl的浓度正相关,HCl浓度增加,腐蚀速率会随之增加[39]。HCl气体的腐蚀性远强于SO2,且二者之间存在协同效应,高浓度的SO2可以抑制低浓度HCl的腐蚀,原因是SO2的竞争吸附可以抑制Cl-向金属表面的渗透[40]。同时,烟气成分对积灰的腐蚀行为也有显著影响。在秸秆灰对金属的高温腐蚀[41]试验中发现,在含HCl而不含SO2的气氛中,增加混合灰中麦秸灰的比例,会提高受试金属的腐蚀速率;而在含SO2不含HCl的气氛中,受试金属的腐蚀被抑制,不过这一抑制效果只在混合灰中麦秸灰质量分数低于70%时较为明显,而当混合灰中麦秸灰的质量分数达到100%时,这一抑制效果则不显著。针对这一现象,Wenga等人[42]认为,环境气氛中的HCl会与碱金属氯化物发生相互作用,促使碱金属氯化物的再生,从而加速了合金的腐蚀进程;而环境气氛中的SO2能够通过参与碱金属氯盐的硫酸化反应,将碱金属氯化物转化成碱金属硫酸盐,从而减少了合金与碱金属氯化物的反应,降低腐蚀速率。综上可知,在生物质锅炉高温腐蚀相关研究中,环境气氛中的HCl气体多被认为具有加速腐蚀的作用,而SO2气体则多被认为具有抑制腐蚀的作用。
生物质燃烧后形成的飞灰会随着烟气沉积在受热面表面形成积灰,积灰的成分对生物质锅炉的腐蚀也有显著影响。
图4为国内一项研究[43]中测试的几种常见生物质燃料燃烧灰的元素组成。由图4可以看到,常见的生物质燃料燃烧后的灰分中,普遍有较高含量的K、Cl、S等元素,如玉米秸秆中Cl的质量分数高达13.2%,K的质量分数高达38.1%,S的质量分数相对较低,为5.7%,同时还含有质量分数21%的Si元素,因此易引发锅炉积灰、结渣和高温腐蚀等问题。
以往的研究表明,积灰中碱金属氯化物含量越高,金属的腐蚀倾向越明显。东北大学姚锡文等[44]研究了600~700 ℃下生物质灰中KCl的含量对锅炉受热面材料的影响,试验结果表明,在生物质灰样中添加更多的KCl时,12Cr1MoV钢材表面的KCl-K2CrO4和KCl-FeCl2等低温共熔物会增多,导致腐蚀加速。山东大学的李云罡等[45]发现,玉米秸秆灰的腐蚀性显著高于小麦秸秆灰,原因就是玉米秸秆中碱金属氯化物含量相对较高。此外,有研究[38]对某生物质锅炉中采集到的积灰进行分析,发现靠近管壁侧积灰中的Cl元素含量是靠近烟气侧积灰中的3倍以上,Na、K等碱金属元素含量更是高达靠近烟气侧积灰中的5倍。可见,生物质锅炉中靠近管壁表面的积灰具有更高的腐蚀性,在实际工程中,应避免受热面表面产生严重的积灰。
生物质锅炉受热面的高温腐蚀程度与受热面材质密切相关。在生物质锅炉制造中,常用的受热面材质有12Cr1MoVG、TP347H、20G、13CrMo44、TP321H、SUS316、Super304H和HR3C等,这些材质在生物质锅炉高温腐蚀环境中的耐腐蚀性能不同,表2汇总了相关研究结果。
具体来说,受热面材质的耐腐蚀性能表现与其所含合金组分有关。李元罡[45]通过研究发现,合金中Ni、Cr、Mo等元素的含量对其耐腐蚀性能具有决定性作用,Ni、Cr、Mo等元素含量越高,合金管材的耐腐蚀性越好。王准[46]的研究表明,在含KCl的高温环境下,在一定范围内,Cr含量越高,材料的耐腐蚀性能越强。Ssenteza等人[51]的研究也表明,Cr和Al含量高的合金的高温抗腐蚀性较强,因其能形成保护性的内层氧化物。同时,在其长期腐蚀试验中发现[52],除增加合金中的Cr含量外,在合金中添加Al、Ni、Si也可促进向内生长的氧化层中Cr的富集,提高内氧化层的保护性。对于Mo元素在合金中的贡献,目前还存在争议。Yoneda等人[53]认为Mo的添加对合金的耐腐蚀性不利,含Mo的镍基合金在腐蚀过程中,Mo的氯氧化物的挥发会形成内部多孔氧化层,使合金表面的氧化层反复发生腐蚀和剥落,从而加速腐蚀过程。而Pan等人[54]的研究认为,涂层中富Mo区能够抵抗气态腐蚀性物质的侵蚀,只是在温度升高时,Mo的存在易使合金受到碱金属熔融盐的电化学腐蚀。
通过采用适当的燃料预处理工艺,可减少生物质燃料中的腐蚀介质含量,缓解生物质锅炉受热面的高温腐蚀问题。常用的生物质燃料预处理技术包括水洗法和自然处理法。水洗法能够去除秸秆中90%以上的碱金属元素[55];自然处理法是指将燃料进行露天存放,依靠自然条件去除燃料中的K和Cl元素。需要注意的是,这2种方法均存在一定的应用限制[8]。水洗法需要用到大量清水,而且燃料水洗之后还要对其进行干燥处理后方能入炉焚烧,导致其时间和经济成本较高;露天堆放法虽然简单,但由于燃料露天存放时间较长,且需要较大的存放场地,不适合大规模使用。此外,也可以采用酸洗法对生物质燃料进行预处理。采用弱酸(醋酸)对生物质燃料进行碱金属浸出预处理,可以去除燃料中90%以上的K和Na,有效抑制了其燃烧后灰分的熔融、团聚和烧结行为,大大降低了其腐蚀性[56]。不过该工艺与水洗法类似,操作流程较为复杂,若投入工业使用,则需要耗费大量醋酸,成本更高。
相比于直接采用昂贵的高合金管材制造受热面,在常规受热面上施加高合金涂层材料是一种更加经济有效的腐蚀解决方案。表3整理了不同涂层材料在生物质腐蚀环境中的表现。由表3可以看出,表现较好的涂层多为NiCr和NiAl合金或是在这2种合金基础上改进的涂层。高速氧燃料热喷涂(HVOF)、高速空气燃料热喷涂(HVAF)、激光熔覆等是目前较为常见的喷涂技术,这些不同的喷涂技术也会影响涂层的耐腐蚀性能。
在温度550 ℃、湿度12%并伴有KCl盐沉积的空气环境中,采用HVOF、HVAF、冷喷涂及电弧喷涂等不同技术制备的Inconel 625涂层,均能有效保护基体材料免受腐蚀,而其中HVOF和TWAS技术所制备的涂层因熔融相含量高、氧化层致密性好,表现出最优的抗腐蚀性能[66]。Song等人[67]比较了HVOF、冷喷涂、激光熔覆3种喷涂技术得到的Ni50Cr涂层在700 ℃的500×10-6 HCl+5%O2+N2+KCl沉积环境下腐蚀250 h后的耐腐蚀效果,结果表明,冷喷涂涂层由于其孔隙率较高,耐腐蚀性能最差;激光熔覆涂层因无孔结构,耐腐蚀性最佳。此外,涂层的性能还受预氧化处理影响。Wu等人[68]研究发现,经700 ℃、6 h预氧化处理的空气等离子喷涂Ni-5%Al涂层,其与304不锈钢基体的结合强度是未经预氧化处理涂层的4倍,且孔隙率更低,使涂层的耐腐蚀性能提升了约36%。Okoro等人[69]研究了预氧化处理温度对FeCrAl合金涂层在生物质燃烧环境下高温腐蚀行为的影响,发现1 100 ℃预氧化形成的氧化铝层能有效抵抗KCl诱导的腐蚀,而900 ℃预氧化样品则与未处理样品腐蚀严重,原因是在1 100 ℃下经过预氧化的合金表面可以形成性能稳定的α-Al2O3保护层。综上可见,不同喷涂工艺会影响涂层的氧化层致密性、熔融相含量和孔隙率等质量参数,从而进一步影响涂层的耐腐蚀性能。
除此之外,涂层在高温生物质燃烧环境下的腐蚀行为还与其微观结构密切相关。常规激光及高速激光熔覆Inconel 625涂层的断面组织以及腐蚀形貌如图5所示。杨二娟等[70]对2种激光熔覆Inconel 625涂层在550~650 ℃模拟生物质锅炉受热面服役环境下的高温腐蚀断面SEM检测发现:常规激光熔覆涂层由于偏析相中Nb、Mo的富集,易形成局部贫Cr区,腐蚀介质优先沿相边界渗入并诱发腐蚀;而高速激光熔覆涂层因元素偏析情况轻、晶粒细小,所以其腐蚀主要局限于表层,未出现明显的穿透性腐蚀通道。因此,涂层的抗腐蚀性能不仅取决于成分,还与相间元素的扩散偏析等微观特征密切相关。
通过在生物质燃料燃烧过程中投加添加剂以改变飞灰的物化特性,也是一种抑制生物质锅炉腐蚀与积灰结渣的有效手段。目前较为常用的添加剂主要包括硫系(如硫酸铵和工业硫)、硅铝系(如高岭土、铝土矿、硅藻土和酸性白土)、钙系以及磷系化合物(如磷酸二氢铵、磷酸和磷氧化物等)[71-73]
表4总结了常见添加剂在实际锅炉或试验条件下的应用效果。
表4可以看出,高岭土、白云石、磷酸盐尾矿、粉煤灰、硅铝复合物等添加剂在缓解高温腐蚀方面均表现较好。在使用磷酸盐尾矿时,需注意其高温稳定性较差,磷酸盐在800 ℃以上的环境下易发生分解而失效[74-75];在使用粉煤灰类添加剂时,需注意采用合适的添加比例,以达到最佳腐蚀控制效果[45]。对于不同添加剂的适用场景,有研究[78]表明,高岭土、粉煤灰、硅粉和铝土矿等硅铝基添加剂更适合用于生物质锅炉的腐蚀控制,原因是硅铝基添加剂可以在高温下形成碱金属硅铝酸盐,可以显著提高灰熔点,减少熔融灰对金属的侵蚀;而白云石和石灰石等钙基添加剂对氯腐蚀的抑制效果相对较差,其原因是CaCO3分解产生的微孔结构虽然可增强对HCl、SO2等酸性气体的吸附,但无法显著改变灰熔特性,因此更适合用于抑制硫腐蚀的场景。
近年来,为应对垃圾焚烧炉内的高温腐蚀问题,行业内开始使用外置床技术。该技术主要应用于CFB锅炉,某固废焚烧炉总体结构布置如图6所示。高温过热器布置在旋风分离器下方的外置床内,来自旋风分离器的高温循环灰料在外置床内进行低速鼓泡流化,受热面浸没在灰料中与之进行热量交换,避免了受热面与腐蚀性烟气的直接接触,可以有效缓解其高温腐蚀[79]。但其缺点在于,外置式床的使用会增加风机电耗,同时外置床的检修也较为困难。
目前国内的外置床技术多用于解决大型燃煤锅炉受热面布置不足的问题,而应用于生物质锅炉高温防腐的工程案例鲜有报道,相关的报道主要集中于垃圾焚烧领域。北京中科通用能源环保有限公司在开发用于垃圾焚烧电厂的外置式床技术方面起步较早,积累了很多科技成果,在浙江嘉兴、宁波慈溪、东莞市市区和宁波镇海区等地实现了该炉型的应用。国外的Valmet公司业绩较多[80],该公司自2014年以来在世界各地完成了多个带外置床的CFB锅炉项目,其中2018年为山东淄博提供了1台带外置床的CFB垃圾焚烧炉,2019年为乌鲁木齐提供了1台带外置床的用于焚烧垃圾衍生燃料的焚烧炉。上述国内外现有工程实践成果表明,外置床技术在缓解垃圾焚烧锅炉受热面高温腐蚀方面具有可行性,而垃圾焚烧炉的高温腐蚀发生机理和生物质锅炉类似,都是主要由氯和碱金属引起,因此,未来该技术应该也有机会用于解决生物质锅炉的高温腐蚀问题。
在前述腐蚀控制机理与技术特性分析的基础上,有必要从工程应用角度对常见防控措施的经济性进行对比,以更全面地反映其适用性。鉴于不同炉型规模、燃料组成和运行制度对成本具有显著影响,本节选取成本等级(高/中/低)与防腐效率/成本比(E/C)作为评价指标,对燃料预处理、耐蚀涂层、添加剂抑制技术和外置床布置4类典型技术进行定性评估,以反映其代表性的经济差异及工程使用特点。
4类高温腐蚀控制技术的经济性比较如表5所示。总体来看,这4类腐蚀防控技术在成本结构、适用范围和防护强度方面具有明确差异。燃料预处理与添加剂技术分别对应源头削减和炉内抑制路径,在成本与灵活性方面更具优势;耐蚀涂层的防护性稳定,能适用于关键受热面,可以将高温过热器的使用寿命增加至5年以上,但成本投入较高;外置床技术通过结构层面的气流与沉积调控降低腐蚀风险,其效果可观,但工程改造与运行费用显著。不同技术的选择需要结合燃料组成、腐蚀负荷、炉型结构以及维护策略等因素综合判断,并可通过多技术组合实现更优的工程适配性。
总的来说,生物质锅炉的高温腐蚀问题仍是目前许多生物质电厂的困扰之一。与之相关的腐蚀机理中,氯和碱金属相关的腐蚀机理占据主导,硫相关的腐蚀机理占比较少。生物质锅炉环境中,烟气中的HCl和Cl2以及积灰中的碱金属氯盐是引起受热面高温腐蚀的主要诱因,而SO2对于高温腐蚀有一定的抑制作用。此外,碱金属硫酸盐和碱金属氯盐形成的低熔点共晶盐,所引发的熔盐腐蚀风险同样不可忽视。
目前的多项研究表明,与生物质锅炉高温腐蚀密切相关的主要因素为温度、烟气成分、灰分组成及受热面材质,这些因素共同决定了受热面的最终使用寿命。其中,温度是最重要的影响因素,其能够显著影响腐蚀速率;而烟气成分、灰分组成以及受热面材质等因素则主要决定了腐蚀的形态与最终严重程度。
在现有的高温腐蚀防控技术中,燃料预处理、涂层防护、添加剂抑制、使用外置床等技术较为实用,这些技术主要围绕“源头控制、过程干预、终端防护”等层面来展开,可行性较强。实际应用中,应根据锅炉具体参数、燃料类型以及经济成本,选择适宜的单技术或组合策略,实现防腐效果与投入成本的最佳平衡。
针对未来研究方向,建议从以下几个层面进行深入探索。
1)机理研究的深化与融合
当前对氯、碱金属等主导腐蚀路径的认识仍偏宏观,需进一步融合高温原位观测、计算材料学与微观表征技术,揭示腐蚀界面动态反应过程及其与材料微观结构的相互作用。尤其在真实烟气-灰分耦合环境下,多种腐蚀因素的协同/竞争效应需系统量化,为寿命预测与材料设计提供理论支撑。
2)新型材料与智能防护涂层的开发
开发高温稳定性好的涂层体系是未来的重点。可探索高熵合金涂层、陶瓷复合材料等新型体系,并结合机器学习方法优化成分设计。同时,应发展具备自愈合或环境响应功能的智能涂层,使其在腐蚀初期即能触发保护机制,延长锅炉服役寿命。
3)多目标协同的腐蚀控制策略
单一防控技术往往难以应对复杂多变的燃料与工况,需发展“燃料-添加剂-运行调控-终端防护”一体化调控工艺包。如开发可适应不同生物质特性的高效添加剂,并结合实时腐蚀监测与智能控制系统,实现动态优化喷入策略,在抑制腐蚀的同时兼顾生物质锅炉的排放控制与能效提升。
通过机理创新、材料突破和系统优化的协同推进,有望在保障生物质锅炉安全高效运行的同时,进一步降低维护成本,为生物质能源的规模化清洁利用提供关键技术支撑。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1901302)
  • 内蒙古自治区“揭榜挂帅”项目(2024JBGS0026)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
高荫榆,雷占兰,郭磊,. 生物质能转化利用技术及其研究进展[J]. 江西科学200624(6):529-533.
GAO Yinyu, LEI Zhanlan, GUO Lei, et al. The conversion and utilization technology of biomass energy and its research progress[J]. Jiangxi Science, 2006, 24(6): 529-533.
[2]
胡南,谭雪梅,刘世杰,. 循环流化床生物质直燃发电技术研究进展[J]. 洁净煤技术202228(3):32-40.
HU Nan, TAN Xuemei, LIU Shijie, et al. Research progress on power generation of biomass direct combustion in circulating fluidized bed[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2022, 28(3): 32-40.
[3]
IRENA. Renewable energy statistics 2025[R/OL]. Abu Dhabi: International Renewable Energy Agency, 2025:(2025-07-10) [2025-10-17]. https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2025/Jul/IRENA_DAT_RE_Statistics_2025.pdf.
[4]
王瑀,王刚,姜孝国,. 生物质直燃CFB锅炉的8种炉型及布置方式[J]. 锅炉制造2023(3):1-4.
WANG Yu, WANG Gang, JIANG Xiaoguo, et al. Eight boiler types and arrangement of biomass direct fired CFB boilers[J]. Boiler Manufacturing, 2023(3): 1-4.
[5]
CONTRERAS M L, BENITO M, BAHILLO A. Prediction of biomass corrosiveness over different coatings in fluidized bed combustion[J]. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 2023, 14(4): 699-718.
[6]
张东旺,范浩东,赵冰,. 国内外生物质能源发电技术应用进展[J]. 华电技术202143(3):70-75.
ZHANG Dongwang, FAN Haodong, ZHAO Bing, et al. Development of biomass power generation technology at home and abroad[J]. Huadian Technology, 2021, 43(3): 70-75.
[7]
KE X, ZHANG Y, LIU X, et al. Development of biomass-fired circulating fluidized bed boiler with high steam parameters based on theoretical analysis and industrial practices[J]. Journal of the Energy Institute, 2022, 105: 415-423.
[8]
范浩东,张东旺,赵冰,. 生物质流化床腐蚀特性及抑制方法综述[J]. 生物质化学工程202256(1):30-36.
FAN Haodong, ZHANG Dongwang, ZHAO Bing, et al. Summary of corrosion characteristics and inhibition methods of biomass fluidized bed[J]. Biomass Chemical Engineering, 2022, 56(1): 30-36.
[9]
陈刚,康顺顺,赵坤,. 生物质燃烧过程中结焦、积灰及腐蚀形成机理及其抑制剂开发研究进展[J]. 新能源进展202210(4):305-315.
CHEN Gang, KANG Shunshun, ZHAO Kun, et al. Recent advances in the formation mechanism of slagging, fouling, and corrosion during biomass combustion and the development of inhibitors[J]. Advances in New and Renewable Energy, 2022, 10(4): 305-315.
[10]
KONIST A. Investigation of fouling and corrosion of low-temperature reheater in a CFBC boiler[J]. Fuel, 2023, 338: 127373.
[11]
孔耀. 镍基合金熔覆层的耐高温腐蚀性能及其在生物质锅炉中的应用研究[D]. 北京:华北电力大学,2023:1.
KONG Yao. Research on high temperature corrosion resistance of Ni-based alloy cladding layer and its application in biomass boilers[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2023: 1.
[12]
WEI Y, WANG Y, GUO Q, et al. Comparative study on ash deposit mechanism and characteristics of eucalyptus bark and bagasse-firing on boiler superheater[J]. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 2022, 196: 104626.
[13]
周振华,薛东剑,罗昭强,. 生物质锅炉高温过热器腐蚀失效分析[J]. 热能动力工程201732(10):128-131.
ZHOU Zhenhua, XUE Dongjian, LUO Zhaoqiang, et al. Analysis of the failures occurred to the high temperature superheaters of a biomass-fired boiler due to corrosion and erosion[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2017, 32(10): 128-131.
[14]
曹义杰,张子梅,金昕,. 生物质锅炉高温过热器失效的原因分析[J]. 湖南电力202141(4):82-86.
CAO Yijie, ZHANG Zimei, JIN Xin, et al. Cause analysis on failure of high temperature superheater of biomass boiler[J]. Hunan Electric Power, 2021, 41(4): 82-86.
[15]
NIELSEN H P, FRANDSEN F J, DAM-JOHANSEN K, et al. The implications of chlorine-associated corrosion on the operation of biomass-fired boilers[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2000, 26(3): 283-298.
[16]
张宏亮,曹嘉洌,杨志远,. 生物质电厂生物质燃料中腐蚀性氯快速测定方法研究[J]. 电站系统工程202238(5):29-32.
ZHANG Hongliang, CAO Jialie, YANG Zhiyuan, et al. Study on rapid determination of corrosive chlorine in biomass fuel of biomass power plant[J]. Power System Engineering, 2022, 38(5): 29-32.
[17]
GRABKE H J, REESE E, SPIEGEL M. The effects of chlorides, hydrogen chloride, and sulfur dioxide in the oxidation of steels below deposits[J]. Corrosion Science, 1995, 37(7): 1023-1043.
[18]
PHOTHER-SIMON J, HANIF I, JONSSON T, et al. High-temperature corrosion of P91/T91, 304L, Sanicro 28 and Inconel 625 exposed at 600 ℃ under continuous KCl deposition[J]. Fuel, 2024, 357: 130012.
[19]
刘晓博. 垃圾焚烧系统中典型受热面的高温耦合腐蚀试验及机理研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学,2023:1.
LIU Xiaobo. High temperature coupling corrosion test and mechanism research of typical heating surface in msw incineration system[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2023: 1.
[20]
吕泽康,龙慎伟,李冠兵,. 生物质锅炉氯腐蚀的密度泛函理论研究[J]. 化工学报201970(11):4370-4376.
Zekang, LONG Shenwei, LI Guanbing, et al. Density functional theory study on chlorine corrosion of biomass furnace[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(11): 4370-4376.
[21]
FOLKESON N, JOHANSSON L G, SVENSSON J E. Initial stages of the HCl-induced high-temperature corrosion of alloy 310[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2007, 154(9): C515.
[22]
龙纪淼,叶家铭,宋鑫,. 生物质燃烧过程中K元素的迁移特性[J]. 燃烧科学与技术201824(5):471-476.
LONG Jimiao, YE Jiaming, SONG Xin, et al. Transformation characteristics of potassium during biomass combustion[J]. Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, 2018, 24(5): 471-476.
[23]
PERSDOTTER A, BOLL T, JONSSON T. Minor element effect on high temperature corrosion of a low-alloyed steel: Insight into alkali- and chlorine induced corrosion by means of atom probe tomography[J]. Corrosion Science, 2021, 192: 109779.
[24]
KARLSSON S, PETTERSSON J, JOHANSSON L G, et al. Alkali induced high temperature corrosion of stainless steel: the influence of NaCl, KCl and CaCl2[J]. Oxidation of Metals, 2012, 78(1/2): 83-102.
[25]
KHANTISOPON K, THARAJAK J, NAWARAT P, et al. High-temperature corrosion investigations of deposit containing eutectic KCl-K2SO4 mixture on AISI 1015 and SS304 steels[J]. Corrosion Science, 2022, 205: 110470.
[26]
李远士,牛焱,刘刚,. 金属材料在垃圾焚烧环境中的高温腐蚀[J]. 腐蚀科学与防护技术200012(4):224-227.
LI Yuanshi, NIU Yan, LIU Gang, et al. High temperature corrosion of metallic materials in waste incineration environment[J]. Corrosion Science and Protection Technology, 2000, 12(4): 224-227.
[27]
SALINAS-SOLANO G, PORCAYO-CALDERON J, GONZALEZ-RODRIGUEZ J G, et al. High temperature corrosion of Inconel 600 in NaCl-KCl molten salts[J]. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2014, 2014: 1-8.
[28]
PETTERSSON J, FOLKESON N, JOHANSSON L, et al. The effects of KCl, K2SO4 and K2CO3 on the high temperature corrosion of a 304-Type austenitic stainless steel[J]. Oxidation of Metals, 2011, 76(1/2): 93-109.
[29]
谭增强,牛国平,王一坤,. 生物质直燃发电大气污染物超低排放技术路线分析[J]. 热力发电202150(10):101-107.
TAN Zengqiang, NIU Guoping, WANG Yikun, et al. Analysis of technical route for ultra-low emission of air pollutants in biomass direct-fired power plants[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2021, 50(10): 101-107.
[30]
OKORO S C, KIAMEHR S, MONTGOMERY M, et al. Effect of flue gas composition on deposit induced high temperature corrosion under laboratory conditions mimicking biomass firing. Part II: Exposures in SO2 containing atmospheres[J]. Materials and Corrosion, 2017, 68(5): 515-528.
[31]
刘志,雷秀坚,汪佩宁,. 循环流化床锅炉生物质与煤混烧积灰腐蚀试验[J]. 热力发电201544(7):50-54.
LIU Zhi, LEI Xiujian, WANG Peining, et al. Experimental study on ash deposition and corrosion in a CFB boiler cofiring biomass with coal[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2015, 44(7): 50-54.
[32]
NIELSEN H P, BAXTER L L, SCLIPPAB G, et al. Deposition of potassium salts on heat transfer surfaces in straw-fired boilers: a pilot-scale study[J]. Fuel, 2000, 79(2): 131-139.
[33]
ANTUNES R A, de OLIVEIRA M C L. Corrosion in biomass combustion: a materials selection analysis and its interaction with corrosion mechanisms and mitigation strategies[J]. Corrosion Science, 2013, 76: 6-26.
[34]
OKORO S C, MONTGOMERY M, FRANDSEN F J, et al. Time and temperature effects on alkali chloride induced high temperature corrosion of superheaters during biomass firing[J]. Energy Fuels, 2018, 32(7): 7991-7999.
[35]
LIU B, CHEN X. Impacts of temperature and KCl on corrosion behavior of 12Cr1MoVG and T91 in HCl-containing atmosphere[J]. Oxidation of Metals, 2018, 90(5/6): 585-597.
[36]
姜雪,贺成,高新宇. 生物质锅炉过热器管的高温氯腐蚀[J]. 锅炉制造2017(4):20-21.
JIANG Xue, HE Cheng, GAO Xinyu. High temperature chlorine corrosion of superheaters in a biomass boiler[J]. Boiler Manufacturing, 2017(4): 20-21.
[37]
支元珍. 生物质锅炉高温过热器腐蚀原因分析及对策[J]. 科技创新与应用2020(14):122-123.
ZHI Yuanzhen. Analysis and countermeasures of corrosion causes of high-temperature superheater in biomass boiler[J]. Technology Innovation and Application, 2020(14): 122-123.
[38]
FURUGAKI T, TAKAHASHI H, HAYASHI S. Effect of temperature gradient in ash on high-temperature corrosion of super-heater material in a waste power generation boiler[J]. Oxidation of Metals, 2022, 98(5/6): 511-528.
[39]
WANG Y, SUN Y, YUE M, et al. Reaction kinetics of chlorine corrosion to heating surfaces during coal and biomass cofiring[J]. Journal of Chemistry, 2020, 2020: 1-10.
[40]
ZHAO Z, YAO X, XU K, et al. High-temperature corrosion characteristics and mechanisms of heating surfaces under ash deposition conditions in coal/biomass co-firing utility boilers[J]. Journal of the Energy Institute, 2025, 122: 102227.
[41]
WANG Y, SUN Y, JIANG L, et al. Characteristics of corrosion related to ash deposition on boiler heating surface during cofiring of coal and biomass[J]. Journal of Chemistry, 2020, 2020: 1-9.
[42]
WENGA T, WU X, YIXIAN X, et al. High-temperature corrosion mechanisms of a Ni-based alloy in simulated multi-source organic waste co-incineration environments[J]. Fuel, 2024, 377: 132784.
[43]
周伟健. 燃煤-生物质锅炉灰结渣特性及烟气高温腐蚀行为研究[D]. 北京:华北电力大学,2022:1.
ZHOU Weijian. Study on ash slagging and fireside high-temperature corrosion in coal/biomass-firing boilers[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2022: 1.
[44]
姚锡文,许克强,杨婉婷,. 生物质锅炉受热面飞灰沉积腐蚀特性研究[J]. 安全与环境学报. 202525(6):2189-2197.
YAO Xiwen, XU Keqiang, YANG Wanting, et al. Investigation of the corrosion characteristics of fly ash deposition on the heating surfaces of biomass boilers[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2025, 25(6): 2189-2197.
[45]
李云罡. 复合添加剂对生物质锅炉受热面金属腐蚀的抑制作用规律研究[D]. 济南:山东大学,2020:1.
LI Yungang. Study on the regularity of composite additive to inhibit corrosion on metal heating surface in biomass-fired boiler[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2020: 1.
[46]
王准. 生物质燃烧过程中受热面高温腐蚀特性研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学,2015:1.
WANG Zhun. Study on the high temperature corrosion of heating surface during biomass combustion[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2015: 1.
[47]
王旭. 粉煤灰添加剂抑制生物质锅炉过热器金属腐蚀的作用规律研究[D]. 济南:山东大学,2019:1.
WANG Xu. Study on the function regularity of pulverized coal ash additive to inhibit metal corrosion on superheater in biomass-fired boiler[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2019: 1.
[48]
龚彬. 生物质锅炉受热面沉积机理与腐蚀特性研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学,2015:1.
GONG Bin. Mechanism study on deposit build-up and corrosion of heating surfaces in biomass-fired boiler[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2015: 1.
[49]
WEI L, WANG S, LIU G, et al. Corrosion behavior of high-Cr-Ni materials in biomass incineration atmospheres[J]. ACS Omega. 2022, 7(25): 21546-21553.
[50]
AGÜERO A, BARÁIBAR I, GUTIÉRREZ M, et al. Biomass corrosion behavior of steels and coatings in contact with KCl/K2SO4 at 550 ℃ under an oxy-fuel combustion atmosphere: a screening laboratory test[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2018, 350: 188-200.
[51]
SSENTEZA V, OLAUSSON M D P, EKLUND J, et al. High-temperature corrosion behavior of superheater materials at 600 ℃: insights from laboratory and field exposures[J]. Energy Fuels, 2025, 39(1): 819-827.
[52]
SSENTEZA V, EKLUND J, HANIF I, et al. High temperature corrosion resistance of FeCr(Ni, Al) alloys as bulk/overlay weld coatings in the presence of KCl at 600 ℃[J]. Corrosion Science, 2023, 213: 110896.
[53]
YONEDA S, HAYASHI S, MIYAKOSHI Y, et al. Erosion-corrosion behavior of Ni-20Cr-4Fe and Ni-20Cr-4Fe-7Mo under fluidized-bed biomass boiler conditions[J]. Corrosion Science, 2022, 205: 110472.
[54]
PAN P, ZHOU W, ZHAO Y, et al. Hot corrosion behavior of an arc sprayed Fe-based amorphous coating in a simulated biomass firing environment[J]. Corrosion Science, 2022, 194: 109938.
[55]
DAVIDSSON K O, KORSGREN J G, PETTERSSON J B C, et al. The effects of fuel washing techniques on alkali release from biomass[J]. Fuel, 2002, 81(2): 137-142.
[56]
NAMKUNG H, LEE Y, PARK J, et al. Influence of herbaceous biomass ash pre-treated by alkali metal leaching on the agglomeration/sintering and corrosion behaviors[J]. Energy, 2019, 187: 115950.
[57]
贺定勇,姬荣颖,周正,. 一种用于制备镍基高铝涂层的粉芯丝材及其涂层制备方法:ZL 2016 1 0052325.3[P]. 2016-06-15[2018-08-28].
HE Dingyong, JI Rongying, ZHOU Zheng, et al. A flux-cored wire for preparing nickel-based high-aluminum coating and its coating preparation method: ZL 2016 1 0052325.3[P]. 2016-06-15[2018-08-28].
[58]
SADEGHIMERESHT E, REDDY L, HUSSAIN T, et al. Chlorine-induced high temperature corrosion of HVAF-sprayed Ni-based alumina and chromia forming coatings[J]. Corrosion Science, 2018, 132: 170-184.
[59]
JAFARI R, SADEGHIMERESHT E, FARAHANI T S, et al. KCl-induced high-temperature corrosion behavior of HVAF-sprayed ni-based coatings in ambient air[J]. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 2018, 27(3): 500-511.
[60]
CHI H, PANS M A, BAI M, et al. Experimental investigations on the chlorine-induced corrosion of HVOF thermal sprayed Stellite-6 and NiAl coatings with fluidised bed biomass/anthracite combustion systems[J]. Fuel, 2021, 288: 119607.
[61]
ABU-WARDA N, TOMÁS L M, LÓPEZ A J, et al. High temperature corrosion behavior of Ni and Co base HVOF coatings exposed to NaCl-KCl salt mixture[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2021, 418: 127277.
[62]
WANG X, LIU Z, CHENG K, et al. High-temperature corrosion characterization of Ni-Al laser cladding: the effect of Al content and Fe[J]. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 2024, 33(5): 1417-1439.
[63]
王鑫宇. 含铝镍基合金熔覆层在碱金属盐中的高温腐蚀特性研究[D]. 北京:华北电力大学,2024:1.
WANG Xinyu. Research on high temperature corrosion characteristics of Aluminum-containing Ni-based alloy cladding layers in alkali metal salts[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2024: 1.
[64]
王晓东,邰召山,王杰,. 生物质锅炉防高温氯腐蚀陶瓷涂层研究及应用[J]. 能源工程2020(5):43-47.
WANG Xiaodong, TAI Zhaoshan, WANG Jie, et al. Study and application of high temperature chlorine corrosion resistance ceramic coating for biomass boiler[J]. Energy Engineering, 2020(5): 43-47.
[65]
吴多利,袁子毅,刘苏,. 一种耐生物质高温腐蚀的Ni包Al加Mo涂层材料:ZL 2020 1 0213050.3[P]. 2020-06-19[2021-11-02].
WU Duoli, YUAN Ziyi, LIU Su, et al. A Ni-Al-Mo coating material resistant to high-temperature corrosion in biomass environments: ZL 2020 1 0213050.3[P]. 2020-06-19[2021-11-02].
[66]
FANTOZZI D, MATIKAINEN V, UUSITALO M, et al. Chlorine-induced high temperature corrosion of Inconel 625 sprayed coatings deposited with different thermal spray techniques[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2017, 318: 233-243.
[67]
SONG B, VOISEY K T, HUSSAIN T. High temperature chlorine-induced corrosion of Ni50Cr coating: HVOLF, HVOGF, cold spray and laser cladding[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2018, 337: 357-369.
[68]
WU D, LIU S, YUAN Z, et al. Effect of pre-oxidation on high-temperature chlorine-induced corrosion properties of air plasma-sprayed Ni-5%Al coatings[J]. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 2021, 30(7): 1927-1939.
[69]
OKORO S C, MONTGOMERY M, FRANDSEN F J, et al. Influence of preoxidation on high-temperature corrosion of a FeCrAl alloy under conditions relevant to biomass firing[J]. Oxidation of Metals, 2018, 89(1/2): 99-122.
[70]
杨二娟,杨兰,王彩侠,. 激光熔覆层在生物质电站环境下的高温腐蚀行为研究[J]. 材料保护202457(10):182-189.
YANG Erjuan, YANG Lan, WANG Caixia, et al. Study on the high-temperature corrosion behavior of laser cladding coatings in biomass power plant environments[J]. Materials Protection, 2024, 57(10): 182-189.
[71]
孙宇. 调制粉煤灰添加剂对生物质燃烧沉积灰及其腐蚀特性影响研究[D]. 济南:山东大学,2020:1.
SUN Yu. Study on the effect of modified pulverized coal ash additives on characteristics of ash deposition and corrosion during biomass combustion[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2020: 1.
[72]
刘璐,王永征,王旭,. 富磷添加剂对生物质燃烧中积灰结渣和腐蚀作用的探析[J]. 可再生能源201836(7):949-954.
LIU Lu, WANG Yongzheng, WANG Xu, et al. Study on the effect of phosphorus rich additives on ash deposition, slag and corrosion during biomass combustion[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2018, 36(7): 949-954.
[73]
李定青,李德波,毕武林,. 掺烧高岭土对CFB锅炉高温受热面沉积和腐蚀特性影响研究[J]. 浙江电力202039(12):112-116.
LI Dingqing, LI Debo, BI Wulin, et al. Impact study of blended kaolinite on deposition and corrosion characteristics of high-temperature heating surface of CFB boilers[J]. Zhejiang Electric Power, 2020, 39(12): 112-116.
[74]
李定青,王鹏,姜春光,. 采用添加剂抑制生物质锅炉受热面沉积试验分析[J]. 内蒙古电力技术202341(1):87-92.
LI Dingqing, WANG Peng, JIANG Chunguang, et al. Experimental analysis of using additive to inhibit heating surface deposition in biomass-fired boiler[J]. Inner Mongolia Electric Power, 2023, 41(1): 87-92.
[75]
YAO P, YAN T, DAI X, et al. A comparison study of the inhabitation effect of phosphate tailing and kaolin on the release of K in biomass straw[J]. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 2025, 15(6): 9377-9388.
[76]
LI Y G, WANG Y Z, ZHU W B, et al. Study on the effect of Si-Al components in pulverized coal ash on corrosion in heating surface of biomass boiler[J]. Key Engineering Materials, 2020, 837: 89-94.
[77]
ZHENG L, JIN J, ZHANG R, et al. Understanding the effect of dolomite additive on corrosion characteristics of straw biomass ash through experiment study and molecular dynamics calculations[J]. Energy, 2023, 271: 126950.
[78]
SUN Y, WANG Y Z, ZHANG K, et al. Effect of additives on ash corrosion on heat exchanging surface of biomass boilers[J]. Key Engineering Materials, 2020, 837: 95-101.
[79]
陆晓焰,秦卫东,段国生,. 90 t/h循环流化床固废焚烧锅炉调试运行及优化[J]. 工业锅炉. 2022(4):34-38.
LU Xiaoyan, QIN Weidong, DUAN Guosheng, et al. Commissioning and optimization of 90 t/h circulating fluidized bed solid waste incineration boiler[J]. Industrial Boiler, 2022(4): 34-38.
[80]
蒋旭光,魏邦吉,胡林飞,. 循环流化床锅炉外置换热器的研究现状及在垃圾焚烧炉中的应用[J]. 化工进展202140(3):1643-1652.
JIANG Xuguang, WEI Bangji, HU Linfei, et al. Research status of external heat exchanger for circulating fluidized bed boiler and its application and development in garbage furnace[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(3): 1643-1652.
2026年第55卷第6期
PDF下载
337
164
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202510037
  • 接收时间:2025-10-17
  • 首发时间:2026-08-14
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-17
  • 修回日期:2025-12-16
  • 录用日期:2025-12-17
基金
National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFC1901302)
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1901302)
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region “Unveiling the List and Appointing Leaders” Project(2024JBGS0026)
内蒙古自治区“揭榜挂帅”项目(2024JBGS0026)
作者信息
    1.西子清洁能源装备制造股份有限公司,浙江 杭州 310021
    2.浙江大学能源高效清洁利用全国重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310027

通讯作者:

俞苗(1972),男,学士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为清洁能源开发利用与新能源储能,
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202510037
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏