Article(id=1295068214170513676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295068190569164906, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202510028, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760457600000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-15, revisedDate=1762272000000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-05, acceptedDate=1763395200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-11-18, onlineDate=1786697923461, onlineDateStr=2026-08-14, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1786697923461, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1786697923461, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1786697923461, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1295068190569164906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2026', volume='55', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1786697917835, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1786698816898, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1295071961596584952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295068190569164906, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1295071961596584953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295068190569164906, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=28, endPage=38, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1295068214489280781, articleId=1295068214170513676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=A cost analysis and collaborative cost-reduction framework for CCS in coal-fired power plants, columnId=1295068192175583339, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Technical and economic reciew, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
[Objective]

Against the dual backdrop of urgent global climate governance and low-carbon transformation demands of the coal-fired power industry, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is widely recognized as a critical pathway to deep emission reduction in the power system. However, the high cost of CCS technology has severely hindered its large-scale promotion. To address this cost optimization challenge, this study aims to systematically explore the cost-driven mechanisms of the full-chain CCS system, identify key influencing factors, and propose a targeted cost-reduction paradigm, providing theoretical and practical support for the scientific deployment and commercialization of CCS in coal-fired power plants.

[Methods]

This study adopted the ITEAM-CCUS quantitative evaluation model, covering the full-chain CCS and integrating three core modules: geological carbon storage assessment, techno-economic analysis, and source-sink matching optimization. A systematic multi-parameter sensitivity analysis was conducted based on a sample of 165 domestic coal-fired power plants. These samples were selected to represent different regional distributions, unit capacities, and operational conditions, ensuring the generalizability and reliability of the research results. The analysis focused on key technical, economic, and geological parameters, such as absorbent regeneration heat consumption, coal price, plant utilization hours, electricity price, transportation distance, and reservoir properties.

[Results]

The study revealed that the average levelized cost of the full-chain CCS is 303 yuan per ton of CO2. Among the four chains, the capture and compression stages account for over 80% of the total cost, emerging as the primary focus for cost reduction. Specifically, capture cost is most significantly influenced by absorbent regeneration heat consumption, coal price, and plant utilization hours, and reducing regeneration heat consumption through technological innovation or improving plant operational efficiency can effectively lower capture costs. Compression cost shows a strong correlation with electricity price. Pipeline transportation cost is constrained by transportation distance and economies of scale. Storage cost is extremely sensitive to geological parameters such as reservoir’s permeability coefficient, thickness, and depth-reservoirs with higher permeability, greater thickness, and moderate depth are more conducive to reducing drilling, injection, and monitoring costs.

[Conclusion]

Based on the quantitative findings, this study proposes a systematic “scale-geology-energy efficiency synergy” cost-reduction paradigm. The specific pathways include technological innovation for low-energy consumption in the capture stage, large-scale infrastructure sharing across the full-chain CCS, refined operation and management of the CCS system, and policy incentives. This research clarifies CCS cost structures and driving factors, providing a feasible framework for governments, enterprises, and research institutions. It offers important theoretical and practical reference for promoting large-scale, commercial CCS application in coal-fired power plants, advancing power system decarbonization, and supporting global climate governance.

, authors=Dongpo MEN1, Dalin JIANG1, Ning WEI2, Shengnan LIU2, authorsList=Dongpo MEN, Dalin JIANG, Ning WEI, Shengnan LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shengnan LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1295068218431926569, articleId=1295068214170513676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=燃煤电厂CCS成本解析与协同降本范式研究, columnId=1213131706056491400, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=技术经济综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
【目的】

在全球气候治理紧迫性与煤电行业低碳转型需求的双重背景下,碳捕集与封存(carbon capture and storage,CCS)技术被视为实现电力系统深度减排的关键路径。然而,CCS技术应用面临的高成本问题严重制约其规模化推广。本文主要针对燃煤电厂CCS成本优化难题开展研究。

【方法】

应用覆盖“捕集-压缩-运输-封存”全流程的ITEAM-CCUS量化评估模型,整合地质碳封存评估、技术经济分析及源汇匹配优化模块,基于国内165个燃煤电厂样本,开展了系统的多参数敏感性分析,揭示了全链条成本驱动机制。

【结果】

研究表明,全流程CCS平准化成本均值为303元/t,其中捕集与压缩环节成本占比超过80%,是降本的关键。捕集成本受吸收剂再生热耗、煤价及电厂利用小时数影响最为显著;压缩成本与电价呈现强相关性;管道运输成本受运输距离和规模效应制约;封存成本对储层渗透系数、厚度及深度等地质参数极为敏感。

【结论】

基于上述量化发现,提出了一个系统性的“规模-地质-能效协同”降本范式,其路径涵盖捕集环节的低能耗技术创新、全链条的规模化基础设施共享、系统运行的精细化管控,以及碳市场联动与集群基金等政策激励。该研究可为推动煤电行业CCS技术的科学部署与商业化应用提供重要的理论依据与实践参考。

, authors=门东坡1, 姜大霖1, 魏宁2, 刘胜男2, authorsList=门东坡, 姜大霖, 魏宁, 刘胜男, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘胜男, authorNote=

门东坡(1987),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为煤炭发展战略、CCUS转型路径和政策机制,

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘胜男(1984),女,硕士,助理研究员,主要研究方向为CCUS技术经济评估,
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门东坡(1987),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为煤炭发展战略、CCUS转型路径和政策机制,

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门东坡(1987),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为煤炭发展战略、CCUS转型路径和政策机制,

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Frontiers in Earth Science, 2022, 9: 777323., articleTitle=A hierarchical framework for CO2 storage capacity in deep saline aquifer formations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068231149056413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068214170513676, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=54, issue=8, pageStart=1687, pageEnd=1694, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=47, authorNames=OLDENBURG C M, journalName=Environmental Geology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OLDENBURG C M. Screening and ranking framework for geologic CO2 storage site selection on the basis of health, safety, and environmental risk[J]. 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注:折旧和摊销根据项目运行时间和折现率计算。

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注:横坐标为表2中的系列号,计算封存成本时储层因素取值各系列数据。

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Parameter setting for source-sink matching and sensitivity analysis in coal-fired power plants

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环节关键参数源汇匹配分析结果案例敏感性分析结果
全流程运行时间/a2020
折现率/%77
规模/Mt各电厂CO2排放量,85%捕集率,0.12~19.21
捕集吸收剂再生热/(GJ·t–12.42.4
装机容量/MW各电厂装机容量,40~4 0001 320
利用小时数/h各电厂利用小时数,285~6 8705 000
煤价/(元·t–1各电厂购煤价格,217~1 126400
压缩电价/(元·(kW·h)–1各电厂售电价格,0.245~0.5150.35
管道运输主管道长度/km模型源汇距离,0~25050
地质封存储层厚度/m碳汇储层条件,50~500100
渗透系数/mD碳汇储层条件,1~15010
储层深度/m碳汇储层条件,1 000~3 0002 200
), ArticleFig(id=1295068225843261801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068214170513676, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

燃煤电厂源汇匹配与敏感性分析参数设定

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环节关键参数源汇匹配分析结果案例敏感性分析结果
全流程运行时间/a2020
折现率/%77
规模/Mt各电厂CO2排放量,85%捕集率,0.12~19.21
捕集吸收剂再生热/(GJ·t–12.42.4
装机容量/MW各电厂装机容量,40~4 0001 320
利用小时数/h各电厂利用小时数,285~6 8705 000
煤价/(元·t–1各电厂购煤价格,217~1 126400
压缩电价/(元·(kW·h)–1各电厂售电价格,0.245~0.5150.35
管道运输主管道长度/km模型源汇距离,0~25050
地质封存储层厚度/m碳汇储层条件,50~500100
渗透系数/mD碳汇储层条件,1~15010
储层深度/m碳汇储层条件,1 000~3 0002 200
), ArticleFig(id=1295068225939730794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068214170513676, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Parameter settings for reservoir properties in the Ordos Basin

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系列储层深度H/km渗透系数Kh/mD砂层厚度h/m
11.51.3350
21.93.16100
32.37.50150
42.717.78200
53.142.17250
63.5100.00300
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鄂尔多斯盆地储层性质参数设定

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系列储层深度H/km渗透系数Kh/mD砂层厚度h/m
11.51.3350
21.93.16100
32.37.50150
42.717.78200
53.142.17250
63.5100.00300
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燃煤电厂CCS成本解析与协同降本范式研究
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门东坡 1 , 姜大霖 1 , 魏宁 2 , 刘胜男 2
热力发电 | 技术经济综述 2026,55(6): 28-38
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热力发电 |技术经济综述 2026 , 55 (6) : 28 -38
燃煤电厂CCS成本解析与协同降本范式研究
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门东坡1 , 姜大霖1, 魏宁2, 刘胜男2
作者信息
  • 1.国能经济技术研究院有限责任公司,北京 100011
  • 2.中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程安全全国重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430071
通讯作者:
刘胜男(1984),女,硕士,助理研究员,主要研究方向为CCUS技术经济评估,
作者简介:

门东坡(1987),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为煤炭发展战略、CCUS转型路径和政策机制,

A cost analysis and collaborative cost-reduction framework for CCS in coal-fired power plants
Dongpo MEN1 , Dalin JIANG1, Ning WEI2, Shengnan LIU2
Affiliations
  • 1.China Energy Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100011, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202510028
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【目的】

在全球气候治理紧迫性与煤电行业低碳转型需求的双重背景下,碳捕集与封存(carbon capture and storage,CCS)技术被视为实现电力系统深度减排的关键路径。然而,CCS技术应用面临的高成本问题严重制约其规模化推广。本文主要针对燃煤电厂CCS成本优化难题开展研究。

【方法】

应用覆盖“捕集-压缩-运输-封存”全流程的ITEAM-CCUS量化评估模型,整合地质碳封存评估、技术经济分析及源汇匹配优化模块,基于国内165个燃煤电厂样本,开展了系统的多参数敏感性分析,揭示了全链条成本驱动机制。

【结果】

研究表明,全流程CCS平准化成本均值为303元/t,其中捕集与压缩环节成本占比超过80%,是降本的关键。捕集成本受吸收剂再生热耗、煤价及电厂利用小时数影响最为显著;压缩成本与电价呈现强相关性;管道运输成本受运输距离和规模效应制约;封存成本对储层渗透系数、厚度及深度等地质参数极为敏感。

【结论】

基于上述量化发现,提出了一个系统性的“规模-地质-能效协同”降本范式,其路径涵盖捕集环节的低能耗技术创新、全链条的规模化基础设施共享、系统运行的精细化管控,以及碳市场联动与集群基金等政策激励。该研究可为推动煤电行业CCS技术的科学部署与商业化应用提供重要的理论依据与实践参考。

燃煤电厂  /  CCS  /  成本敏感性  /  降本路径  /  ITEAM-CCUS模型
[Objective]

Against the dual backdrop of urgent global climate governance and low-carbon transformation demands of the coal-fired power industry, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is widely recognized as a critical pathway to deep emission reduction in the power system. However, the high cost of CCS technology has severely hindered its large-scale promotion. To address this cost optimization challenge, this study aims to systematically explore the cost-driven mechanisms of the full-chain CCS system, identify key influencing factors, and propose a targeted cost-reduction paradigm, providing theoretical and practical support for the scientific deployment and commercialization of CCS in coal-fired power plants.

[Methods]

This study adopted the ITEAM-CCUS quantitative evaluation model, covering the full-chain CCS and integrating three core modules: geological carbon storage assessment, techno-economic analysis, and source-sink matching optimization. A systematic multi-parameter sensitivity analysis was conducted based on a sample of 165 domestic coal-fired power plants. These samples were selected to represent different regional distributions, unit capacities, and operational conditions, ensuring the generalizability and reliability of the research results. The analysis focused on key technical, economic, and geological parameters, such as absorbent regeneration heat consumption, coal price, plant utilization hours, electricity price, transportation distance, and reservoir properties.

[Results]

The study revealed that the average levelized cost of the full-chain CCS is 303 yuan per ton of CO2. Among the four chains, the capture and compression stages account for over 80% of the total cost, emerging as the primary focus for cost reduction. Specifically, capture cost is most significantly influenced by absorbent regeneration heat consumption, coal price, and plant utilization hours, and reducing regeneration heat consumption through technological innovation or improving plant operational efficiency can effectively lower capture costs. Compression cost shows a strong correlation with electricity price. Pipeline transportation cost is constrained by transportation distance and economies of scale. Storage cost is extremely sensitive to geological parameters such as reservoir’s permeability coefficient, thickness, and depth-reservoirs with higher permeability, greater thickness, and moderate depth are more conducive to reducing drilling, injection, and monitoring costs.

[Conclusion]

Based on the quantitative findings, this study proposes a systematic “scale-geology-energy efficiency synergy” cost-reduction paradigm. The specific pathways include technological innovation for low-energy consumption in the capture stage, large-scale infrastructure sharing across the full-chain CCS, refined operation and management of the CCS system, and policy incentives. This research clarifies CCS cost structures and driving factors, providing a feasible framework for governments, enterprises, and research institutions. It offers important theoretical and practical reference for promoting large-scale, commercial CCS application in coal-fired power plants, advancing power system decarbonization, and supporting global climate governance.

coal-fired power plants  /  CCS  /  cost sensitivity  /  cost reduction paths  /  ITEAM-CCUS model
门东坡, 姜大霖, 魏宁, 刘胜男. 燃煤电厂CCS成本解析与协同降本范式研究. 热力发电, 2026 , 55 (6) : 28 -38 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202510028
Dongpo MEN, Dalin JIANG, Ning WEI, Shengnan LIU. A cost analysis and collaborative cost-reduction framework for CCS in coal-fired power plants[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2026 , 55 (6) : 28 -38 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202510028
在全球气候变暖的严峻形势下,碳排放已成为国际社会关注的焦点。煤电作为碳排放的主要来源之一,面临艰巨而紧迫的减排任务。尽管可再生能源在全球电力结构中的比重不断提升,但凭借稳定出力、装机规模优势和资源禀赋支撑,煤电仍在多数国家的能源体系中占据重要地位。2024年,全球煤电发电量占比仍达约30%,部分发展中国家甚至超过60%[1],而煤电行业排放的CO2占全球电力行业碳排放总量的35%[2]。为实现1.5 ℃温控目标,全球煤电行业需在2030年前将碳排放强度降低40%~50%,在2050年左右实现碳中和。这意味着煤电行业必须尽快找到切实可行的深度减排路径。
CO2捕集、利用与封存(carbon capture,utilization and storage,CCUS)技术作为一种有效的碳减排手段,可在不完全摒弃煤炭的前提下实现燃煤电厂大规模CO2减排,对保障能源安全和推动煤电可持续发展具有重要意义。近年来全球CCUS技术取得了显著进展。截至2025年3月,全球正在运行的CCUS项目年碳捕集与封存能力已超过5 000万吨[3]。从行业分布看,超过60%的运营能力集中在天然气处理领域,但水泥、钢铁等工业部门的项目增速正在加快。就地域而言,目前运行的51个项目主要分布于北美、欧洲和中国,另有44个在建项目多集中于产业集群区域,这些集群所产生的规模效应与协同效应持续推动CCUS技术在实践中优化与发展。此外,还有多达744个项目处于规划阶段,如全部顺利落地,将使现有运行产能接近翻倍,为全球碳减排注入强劲动力。根据现有项目产能估算,预计到2030年,全球CO2年捕集能力将达到约4.3亿吨,封存容量有望达到6.7亿吨,充分彰显CCUS在未来全球碳减排进程中的巨大潜力。
然而,CCUS技术的应用往往伴随着较高的成本投入,如何在实现减排目标的同时优化成本结构、寻求成本效益最优的技术路径,已成为煤电行业推广该技术面临的关键挑战。因此,针对燃煤电厂CCUS开展精细化成本分析与降本路径研究具有显著的现实紧迫性和战略意义。CCUS系统涉及多环节协同与复杂边界条件[4-5],现有针对CCUS成本的研究中:有的侧重开发模型或框架,以系统性评估CCUS整个链条或特定系统的技术经济性[6-12];有的分析了CCUS链条中某个特定环节(如捕集、运输)或特定技术组合的成本[13-20];有的在宏观层面探讨特定工业部门或区域的CCUS部署成本与潜力[21-26];有的考虑了政策、风险、环境等因素对CCUS成本效益的影响[27-30]。这些研究均存在一些局限:或侧重于单一环节的成本分析,或采用相对简化的模型进行系统级评估;成本敏感性分析多拘泥于少数几个参数,未能对渗透系数等关键地质参数与成本之间的关系进行精细化量化;许多研究在进行源汇匹配或经济性评估时,常将封存成本视为一个固定值或范围,未考量地质条件对成本的影响。这些局限导致研究者对CCUS成本驱动机制的理解不够全面,难以支撑精准、高效的降本决策。
为弥补上述局限,本文基于全流程CCUS系统评估模型(integrated techno-economic assessment model for CCUS,ITEAM-CCUS)[31-32],针对实际燃煤电厂样本,系统开展了规模化CO2捕集压缩、运输与地质封存(本文未开展CO2利用研究,因此后面的CO2捕集压缩、运输与地质封存技术简写为CCS)的成本分析及降本路径研究,以实现对CCS全链条环节的覆盖,并从技术、能源价格和地质参数等多个维度进行系统性的敏感性量化分析。研究的创新性除模型应用外,还体现在以下3个方面:
1)通过大规模情景模拟,评估CCS全流程和各环节成本,识别并量化各环节成本的驱动因素;
2)实现地质参数与系统经济性的耦合分析,突破现有研究将封存成本固定化的局限,量化储层渗透系数、厚度、深度等关键地质参数对全流程平准化成本的影响;
3)提出“规模-地质-能效协同”的降本新范式,为燃煤电厂CCS系统优化提供思路。研究旨在通过模型应用与分析,为推动CCS技术规模化与商业化应用提供科学依据和决策支持。
采用定量分析与实证研究相结合的方法,系统解析燃煤电厂CCS全流程成本及其驱动机制。研究框架(图1)以ITEAM-CCUS量化评估模型为核心,整合了地质碳汇评估、全流程技术经济分析及源汇匹配优化3大模块。首先,通过地质模块筛选评估封存场地;其次,利用技术经济模块计算各环节成本;最后,通过源汇匹配模块将排放源与封存地进行最优连接,计算全流程平准化成本,并在此基础上开展多参数敏感性分析,最终识别关键驱动因素并导出系统性降本路径。
本模块旨在科学评估并筛选适宜开展CO2地质封存的陆上咸水层场地,需综合考量地质构造、储层特性、盖层封闭性及社会环境等多维度参数。地质构造方面,通过分析地震活动、断层分布及活动性判断区域稳定性,活动断层附近不适宜作为封存场地;储层特性参数包含深度、厚度、渗透系数、孔隙度等。适宜封存的储层深度在800~3 000 m,该深度范围内的压力与温度条件有利于CO2维持超临界态稳定存在,而厚度大、渗透系数在1~50 mD且孔隙度处于0.125~0.250区间的储层[33]既能提供充足的封存空间,又具备良好的注入性;盖层封闭性以盖层厚度、垂向渗透系数及岩性为关键参数。厚度大于10 m、垂向渗透系数小于0.01 mD且岩性为泥岩、页岩等致密岩石为优,可有效阻隔CO2泄漏。此外,还需考虑地层水流动方向与流速等水文地质条件,避免CO2随水流迁移至不利区域。
ITEAM-CCUS模型基于GIS空间分析工具,采用“区块”数据,整合技术经济、风险、社会与环境等多维度评价指标,运用层次分析法、模糊综合评价法等数学方法,对CO2封存场地适宜性进行量化分级,以完成场地筛选。其中,技术经济指标主要依据储层参数,如渗透系数、孔隙度、储层厚度、储层深度等,评估封存容量、注入性与封存成本。地质封存容量采用US-DOE体积法,封存容量系数、储层有效厚度、有效面积、平均孔隙度等是评估的关键[34],其中封存容量系数通过数值模拟方法计算得到[35]。注入性评估需综合渗透系数、CO2黏度、流动性等因素。封存成本与封存容量、注入性紧密相关,钻井数量的确定是成本核算的核心。风险指标通过地质构造稳定性、盖层封闭性等参数量化CO2泄漏风险[36],社会与环境指标则将人口、城市、保护区、道路、河流、土地利用冲突等非技术因素纳入考量。CO2封存场地适宜性评估和封存容量评估的详细方法和指标详见文献[3335]
本模块用于计算从CO2捕集到封存的全流程CCS成本和各环节成本。将ITEAM-CCUS模型应用于煤电行业,设定的CO2捕集技术为燃烧后化学吸收法,压缩技术为CO2多级压缩(将CO2从气态压缩至超临界态),运输技术为管道运输超临界态CO2,地质利用与封存技术为陆上咸水层封存。CCS全流程和各环节技术经济评估方法和参数设定详见文献[31-3224]
全流程CCS平准化成本为:
Cannu=(CCapiCRF+CO&Mi)i=1,2,3
LC=Cannu/Q(CO2)
CRF=r/[1(1+r)n]
式中:Cannu为全流程CCS的年成本;LC为全流程CCS的平准化成本;CCapi为捕集压缩、运输和封存3个环节的投资成本;CO&Mi为3个环节的年运行维护成本;CRF为资本回收因子;Q(CO2)为年CO2捕集封存量;r为折现率;n为全流程CCS项目的运行时间。
燃煤电厂捕集压缩的固定投资成本CCap1包括设备购置与安装费(吸收塔、解析塔/再生塔、换热器、压缩机等)、土建工程费、工程设计与管理费、不可预见费等。捕集压缩的运维成本CO&M1为:
CO&M1=Cener+Csolv+Cothe
式中:Cener为年能源消耗费(电耗费用和蒸汽耗费用);Csolv为年吸收剂消耗费;Cothe为其他年消耗费(如水耗与污染物处理)、装置运维费和人工费等。其中Cener占比较大,尤其是加热解析阶段通过高温蒸汽(设定由电厂燃煤提供)使吸收剂释放CO2的再生过程,能耗占比较大。主要技术参数包括CO2捕集率、解析塔蒸汽的温度和压力、再生塔蒸汽的温度和压力、电耗、吸收剂消耗、CO2压缩后压力、压缩电耗等。
管道固定投资成本CCap2为:
CCap2=Cmate+Ccons+Cland+Ceval
Cmate=f(D,L,Mate)
式中:Cmate为管材投资,包括管材、管道防腐与保温、运输费用等;Ccons为线路安装费,包括土建施工费、管道安装费、土工保护费、阴极保护费、管件阀门安装费、清扫试验费等;Cland为征地费用;Ceval为评价费用与其他费用;D为管道直径,是流量和流速的函数;L为管道长度;Mate为管材类型与等级。管道运营维护成本CO&M2包括维护费、运行管理费、其他费用等。
管道主要技术参数包括管道直径、壁厚、压降、进口压力、管道出口压力、运行温度、CO2密度、CO2标准工况密度、CO2黏度、压缩因素、粗糙度、流速等[12]
陆上咸水层封存投资成本CCap3为:
CCap3=Csite+Cdril+Cequi
Csite=CseisAsite
Cdril=NwellCdrimDept
式中:Csite为场地表征与评价费,包含三维地震费用;Cdril为钻井费;Cequi为设备费;Cseis为三维地震单位成本;Asite为三维地震面积;Nwell为注入井数量,与井场类型(五点或七点井型)和总封存量有关;Cdrim为单位钻井成本,包括施工、测井、完井、固井的费用,与储层深度和地质条件相关;Dept为钻井深度,按储层深度计算。
运行维护成本CO&M3包括运行维护费,如钻井的日常维护费、消耗品费、地面和井下设备维护费等,CO2增压成本。封存的主要技术参数包括咸水层储层厚度、储层孔隙度、渗透系数、井场类型(例如五点或七点)、储层深度、储层温度等。
源汇匹配是ITEAM-CCUS模型的核心模块,通过技术经济分析与空间优化,将碳源(燃煤电厂)与适宜的地质碳汇(陆上咸水层)进行点对点匹配,以实现全流程CCS成本最小化、封存效率最大化的目标。该过程需综合考虑排放源特征、运输可行性、封存场地容量及经济性等多维度参数。源汇匹配需遵循双重核心准则:1)场地充足性准则,封存场地需在CCS项目全生命周期内(≥20年)具备与排放源相匹配的CO2封存容量,确保长期封存需求;2)成本最优化准则,综合评估CO2捕集压缩、运输及地质封存成本,筛选平准化成本最低的源汇组合。源-汇间通过管道连接,结合地理信息系统数据,避开人口密集区、地形障碍等,动态规划最低成本路径。
以某集团的165个燃煤电厂为实证样本。燃煤电厂源汇匹配半径设置为250 km,在无国家骨干管网或公共管网的情况下,CO2的运距上限设为250 km(因为CO2运输管道无需增压站的最大运距是250 km,无增压站可降低管道的运输成本)。CO2净捕集率设定为85%,减排后燃煤电厂CO2排放强度为135 g/(kW·h)。关键参数设定见表1
通过ITEAM-CCUS模型源汇匹配和技术经济评估,在250 km匹配距离内,陆上全流程CCS成本范围为182~638元/t,均值为303元/t,如图2所示。为了方便分析成本构成与影响因素,下面将分别分析捕集、压缩、管道和封存成本。其中:捕集成本范围145~277元/t,均值212元/t;压缩成本范围44~49元/t,均值46元/t;管道成本范围0~317元/t,均值23元/t;陆上咸水层封存成本范围17~57元/t,均值29元/t。捕集成本最低值为145元/t,这是因为该电厂位于煤炭资源丰富地区,煤炭价格非常低,且电厂的装机容量较大。管道运输平准化成本的变化幅度较大:零成本原因为电厂周围就是适宜的封存场地,捕集的CO2可以原地封存;低成本原因为运输距离较近或运输规模较大;高成本原因为东南部电厂距离适宜封存场地的距离较远,地面条件复杂(征地成本高),或电厂装机容量较小等。
陆上全流程CCS环节成本比例如图3所示。由图3可知,陆上全流程CCS的捕集、压缩成本占比之和大于80%,因此降低捕集和压缩成本是降低CCS系统成本的关键。通过提高捕集技术水平、增大捕集系统利用率以及提升电厂总碳排放的捕集率等方式,均可进一步有效降低捕集成本,进而提升CCS技术的碳减排竞争力。
对选取的燃煤电厂各环节年成本进行分解,成本构成如图4所示。
图4a)可以看出,捕集年成本中固定投资折旧占比最高,为37%,表明CCS系统高度依赖吸收塔、压缩机、再生塔等专用设备的资产投入,初始投资回收压力大。当前技术尚未形成规模化产业链,设备定制化程度高导致单位成本较高。影响固定投资折旧成本的主要因素为捕集规模、运行时间、折现率等。电耗与蒸汽耗占27%,这是因为在加热解析阶段利用高温蒸汽使吸收剂释放CO2(再生过程),蒸汽一般由电厂燃煤提供,该部分成本的主要影响因素为捕集规模、吸收剂再生热、装机容量、利用小时数、煤价、电价等。吸收剂消耗占24%,这是因为吸收剂(如MEA)易降解,需持续补充新溶剂并处理废液,该部分成本的主要影响因素为捕集规模、吸收剂类型和价格。
将CO2从气态压缩至超临界态需通过压缩机消耗大量电能,图4b)压缩年成本中电耗成本占74%,该部分成本的关键影响因素为电价,其他影响因素包括压缩规模、折现率、运行时间等。
图4c)管道运输年成本中:征地费用摊销占40%,运行管理费占34%,线路安装摊销占14%,管材投资折旧占5%。影响管道运输成本的关键因素为运输规模、主管道长度(运输距离)、折现率、运行时间、地形条件等。影响征地费用的关键因素为地形条件、土地利用类型、征地补偿等,因为涉及的因素都较为复杂,此处未做分析。影响运行管理费的主要因素为人工费。
图4d)咸水层封存年成本中:钻井折旧最高,占49%,影响钻井成本的因素包括储层深度、厚度、渗透系数等储层性质及井场布局;运行维护费占20%,主要是人工和管理费用;场地表征与评价费摊销占15%,场地筛选和性能评估在咸水层封存项目中非常重要,影响钻井成本;CO2增压成本占13%,关键影响因素为电价,有些咸水层封存项目地层条件好,不需要CO2增压。
从样本中选取某燃煤电厂,关键参数设定见表1,分析单一参数(因素)在–30%~30%范围变化对CO2捕集、压缩、管道运输、地质封存4个环节成本的影响。关键因素只考虑影响工程量的因素,不考虑设备材料单价、工资、福利、补偿等成本因素。
1)关键因素对捕集成本的影响
由捕集成本敏感性分析结果(图5)可以看出:吸收剂再生热、折现率、煤价对捕集成本影响较大,且因素值越大,捕集成本越高;运行时间和捕集规模的值越大,捕集成本越低;装机容量和利用小时数与CO2捕集规模相关,但因在计算中已经预设了捕集规模,因此对捕集成本影响不明显。实际上,电厂装机容量越大、利用小时数越高,CO2捕集规模会越大,捕集装置运行效率越高,单位捕集成本中固定投资折旧占比将降低。吸收剂再生的能耗是电耗与蒸汽耗,其效率与机组连续运行相关。本次计算将蒸汽耗全部转化为电耗,因此电价越高,电耗越大。电厂高利用小时数可保障蒸汽持续供应,再生塔可稳定在最佳温度,吸收剂再生热维持在2.3~2.8 GJ/tCO2。吸收剂再生热每降低10%,捕集成本下降2.5%左右。
2)捕集规模对捕集成本的影响
捕集规模变化范围非常大,±30%范围并不能完全反映捕集规模对捕集成本的影响。设定捕集规模为0.1~10 Mt/a,如图6a)所示:当捕集规模小于1 Mt/a时,捕集成本急剧升高;随着规模增大,成本变化逐渐变小。
3)煤价对捕集成本的影响
煤价波动直接影响电厂蒸汽成本,从而影响捕集成本。由于煤价变化幅度较大,在±30%范围内看不出成本变化趋势,所以设定煤价为200~1 200元/t。如图6b)所示,捕集成本随着煤价的增加而增加,煤价每上涨100元/t,CO2捕集平准化成本增加约22元/t。
图7为关键因素对压缩成本的影响。电价越低,压缩成本越低。因此电价间接影响压缩技术选型、运行策略,是超临界CO2压缩成本的关键影响因素。可以通过提高压缩效率、利用低电价能源、余热回收利用、结合电价时段联合调度等运行策略来降低电价对压缩成本的影响。
图8为关键因素对运输成本的影响。运输规模越大、运行时间越长,管道运输成本越低;折现率和主管道长度的值越小,运输成本越低。运输规模还影响CO2流量、管道的管径、壁厚等,从而影响管材成本。
主管道长度和运输规模对运输成本的影响是非线性的,如图9所示。当运输规模低于1 Mt/a时,管道运输平准化成本急剧增加;当运输规模高于1 Mt/a后,管道运输平准化成本逐渐降低,趋于平稳。因此小规模CCS项目不适合采用管道运输方式。当运输规模为1 Mt/a时,管道运输平准化成本为0.36~0.90元/(t·km)。此次运输成本计算未考虑地形因素。
1)关键因素对封存成本的影响
影响地质封存平准化成本的关键因素包括运行年限、折现率、封存规模、储层厚度、储层深度、渗透系数、电价等。图10给出了各因素对封存成本的敏感性分析结果。由图10可以看出:储层厚度、渗透系数、运行时间和封存规模的值越大,封存成本越低;而折现率、储层深度和电价的值越大,封存成本越高,但储层深度不能太小,一般需要大于800 m。
2)储层性质对封存成本的影响
一个盆地的储层厚度、渗透系数、储层深度等储层性质的取值区间非常大(例如鄂尔多斯盆地储层深度1 500~3 500 m,渗透系数0.1~100 mD,砂层厚度为50~300 m),±30%范围不能完全反映储层性质对封存成本的影响,因此单独分析储层性质对封存成本的影响。
图11为渗透系数对封存平准化成本的影响。可以看出,当渗透系数低于1 mD时,封存成本非常高,因此低渗透区域不适合开展CO2咸水层封存。鄂尔多斯盆地有很多低渗透区域,开展CCS示范项目需要特别重视选址工作。当渗透系数高于10 mD后,封存成本变化减缓。
表2将鄂尔多斯盆地储层性质均等划分为有效系列,图12显示了储层性质对封存平准化成本的影响。由图12可以看出,储层厚度、渗透系数、储层深度等储层性质对封存成本的影响非常显著,可以通过井场设计和改变井的性能进行改善。储层厚度和渗透系数影响封存容量和CO2注入性,储层厚度和渗透系数越大,封存容量越大,CO2注入性越好,注入井需求越少,封存成本越低。储层深度与井底压力相关,影响CO2单井注入速率,从而影响注入井数量。但在高渗透系数区域,大规模封存钻井数量变化不大,因此渗透系数、储层厚度等因素对成本影响也相应较小。
3)封存规模对封存成本的影响
封存规模±30%范围并不能完全反映其对封存成本的影响,因此设定封存规模为0.1~10 Mt/a,计算封存成本,结果如图13所示。当封存规模小于1 Mt/a时,封存成本急剧升高;随着封存规模增大,封存成本变化逐渐减小。
基于对成本关键驱动因素的量化识别,提出以“规模-地质-能效协同”为核心的降本路径,从技术优化、系统协同与政策支持推进。
技术降本:优先研发与应用低再生热溶剂(如相变吸收剂),从源头降低核心能耗。大力推进电厂余热集成利用与绿电/谷电供汽,以切断煤价波动对捕集成本的影响,并利用分时电价策略降低压缩电耗。
运行优化:优先在高利用小时数的电厂部署CCS,保障系统连续稳定运行,减少因启停造成的溶剂降解与额外能耗。
基础设施共享:在燃煤电厂聚集区规划建设区域性CO2管网和集群化封存中心,汇集多个排放源,大幅摊薄单位运输与封存成本。
项目整合:通过区域整合,将小规模项目形成集群,共享捕集设施与运输管道,突破小项目经济性瓶颈。
精细选址:大力发展并应用场地性能评估技术控制封存成本。
地质优先:在源汇匹配中,确立“地质适宜性优先”原则,优先将排放源匹配至高适宜性场地。
碳市场联动:完善全国碳市场,当碳价接近或高于CCS平准化成本时,将形成强大的市场驱动力。可探索将CCS减排量纳入碳市场抵消机制。
规模化经济激励:设立CCS产业集群发展基金,对共享管网和集群项目提供资本金支持或低息贷款。考虑将“预留CO2集输接口”作为新建煤电项目的准入门槛之一。
金融支持:鼓励金融机构为CCS项目设计长周期、低折现率的绿色金融产品,以降低资金成本。
不同规模、运行特性和区域的燃煤电厂在CCS部署中具有差异性。
1)对于装机容量较大的燃煤电厂,若源汇匹配条件好,则具有改造优势,可将其作为区域CO2管网核心枢纽,整合小型碳源实现规模效应;还可以结合风光等可再生能源发电,发展CO2加氢制绿色甲醇等化工利用。而对于装机容量中小的燃煤电厂,发展CCS可以采用“捕集装置共享”模式,多个电厂合资建设区域性捕集中心。
2)对于处于煤炭资源丰富区域的燃煤电厂,若源汇匹配条件好,则具有改造优势,但地质结构会相对复杂,可以考虑与油田企业合作,优先开展CO2驱油提高采收率(CO2-enhanced oil recovery,CO2-EOR)项目。对于处于沿海区域的燃煤电厂,因面临土地资源紧张、管道征地成本高的挑战,可将现有天然气管道改造为CO2运输管道,或将CO2液态运输至海上平台。
3)根据封存场地适宜性评估和源汇匹配结果,建立源汇匹配分级数据库,优先在鄂尔多斯盆地、准噶尔盆地等封存场地高适宜区域开展CCS规模化项目或集群项目。
应用集成化的ITEAM-CCUS全流程量化模型对某集团燃煤电厂样本的CCS成本开展了系统性、多参数、全链条的敏感性分析,识别量化了捕集、压缩、运输、封存各环节成本的关键驱动因素,从而提出了燃煤电厂CCS系统性降本路径,主要结论如下。
1)全流程成本结构揭示CCS系统降本核心:捕集与压缩环节是决定性因素。模型测算结果显示燃煤电厂全流程CCS的平均平准化成本为303元/t CO2。成本构成分析表明,捕集(均值212元/t)与压缩(均值46元/t)环节成本合计占比超过80%,是决定CCS系统经济性的绝对核心。因此,任何系统性降本策略都必须将捕集与压缩环节的优化置于首位。管道运输(均值23元/t)与咸水层封存(均值29元/t)成本虽占比较小,但其波动性大,对特定项目经济性有关键影响。
2)捕集成本受能源与规模因素双重驱动,运行稳定性至关重要。捕集成本内部构成分析显示,蒸汽与电耗(27%)及吸收剂消耗(24%)是主要成本项,吸收剂再生热耗与煤价对成本影响极为显著。煤价每上涨100元/t,捕集成本相应增加约22元/t,形成了直接的“煤价-蒸汽成本-捕集成本”传导链条。运行稳定性是隐性成本关键。电厂利用小时数不仅直接关联捕集规模,更深层影响系统热力稳定性和溶剂降解速率。频繁启停导致的再生能耗上升与溶剂额外损耗是推高隐性运行成本的主因。
3)压缩与运输成本高度依赖外部市场与基础设施。压缩成本对电价高度敏感,电耗占压缩成本的74%,使电价成为影响该环节的最关键外部因素。管道运输成本对距离和规模敏感,且征地费和管理费占比高达74%,表明其成本不仅由技术决定,更受土地资源与本地政策制约。
4)封存成本地质依赖性极强,场地筛选是降本前提。本研究突破了将封存成本视为固定参数的常规做法,量化揭示了其与地质参数的动态关联。地质条件是成本基础,储层渗透系数、厚度与深度共同决定了封存容量与注入性,直接关联所需的钻井数量与工程难度,从而主导成本。例如,在鄂尔多斯盆地,不同储层系列下的封存成本差异显著,低渗透区域不具备经济封存潜力,凸显了精细场地筛选的重要性。
5)通过识别成本驱动因素并实施协同降本策略,燃煤电厂CCS技术的经济可行性可得到显著提升。未来研究可进一步探索不同技术进步情景下的成本演化路径,以及多能互补系统中CCS的优化配置策略。
  • 国家能源集团2023年科技项目“新能源+储能与煤基能源+CCS/CCS的经济性比较与优化布局研究”(GJNY-23-104)
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2026年第55卷第6期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202510028
  • 接收时间:2025-10-15
  • 首发时间:2026-08-14
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-15
  • 修回日期:2025-11-05
  • 录用日期:2025-11-18
基金
China Energy National Energy Group’s 2023 R&D Project “An Economic Study and Planning Framework for New Energy with Storage versus Coal-based Energy with CCS”(GJNY-23-104)
国家能源集团2023年科技项目“新能源+储能与煤基能源+CCS/CCS的经济性比较与优化布局研究”(GJNY-23-104)
作者信息
    1.国能经济技术研究院有限责任公司,北京 100011
    2.中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程安全全国重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430071

通讯作者:

刘胜男(1984),女,硕士,助理研究员,主要研究方向为CCUS技术经济评估,
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