Article(id=1295068110306964005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295068070071005445, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202509030, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757606400000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-12, revisedDate=1759075200000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-29, acceptedDate=1760544000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-10-16, onlineDate=1786697898699, onlineDateStr=2026-08-14, pubDate=1779638400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1786697898699, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1786697898699, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1786697898699, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1295068070071005445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2026', volume='55', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='186', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779638400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1786697889106, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1786698835709, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1295072040462078420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295068070071005445, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1295072040462078421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295068070071005445, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=109, endPage=119, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1295068110613148199, articleId=1295068110306964005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=A comparative study on carbon emission intensity of different types of coal-fired units oriented to low-carbon transformation, columnId=1295068110525067814, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Low-carbon thermal power and nuclear power generation technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
[Objective]

Against the backdrop of global efforts to address climate change and actively promote the strategic goals of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality”, the clean and low-carbon transformation of the energy system has become a core issue for national development. Accelerating the low-carbon transformation of the coal-fired power industry and precisely reducing carbon emission intensity are key challenges in achieving climate goals. However, there are significant differences in the carbon emission characteristics of different types of coal-fired units, and their carbon emission levels and the emission reduction effects of coupling carbon capture technology have not been clearly compared. To reveal and compare the carbon emission intensities of different types of coalfired units, a carbon emission intensity calculation model applicable to different types of coal-fired units coupled with carbon capture and storage (CCS) systems was constructed.

[Methods]

The carbon emission intensities of typical coal-fired units such as 300 MW, 600 MW, 1 000 MW, double-reheat and IGCC at different load rates, as well as the carbon emission intensities after coupling with CCS systems, were compared and analyzed.

[Results]

The research results show that at higher load rates, IGCC units have a lower carbon emission intensity, reaching 703 g/(kW·h) at 100% load rate, while the 300 MW unit has the highest carbon emission intensity, reaching 812 g/(kW·h). When the load rate decreases, the carbon emission intensity of the IGCC unit increases rapidly, reaching 948 g/(kW·h) at 50% load rate. The double-reheat unit has the lowest carbon emission intensity at 50% load rate, which is 781 g/(kW·h). CCS technology has a strong carbon emission reduction capacity and is an important means for the low-carbon transformation of coal-fired power. At 100% load rate, a 50% carbon capture rate can reduce the carbon emission intensities of 1 000 MW units, double-reheat units and IGCC units by 334, 329 and 295 g/(kW·h) respectively. Similarly, at a 50% load rate, a 50% carbon capture rate can respectively reduce the carbon emission intensity of 1 000 MW units, double-reheat units and IGCC units by 352, 358 and 379 g/(kW·h).

[Conclusion]

This study, through the construction of analytical models and systematic comparisons, quantitatively reveals the compound influence mechanism of the technical route of coal-fired units, operating load rate, and CCS coupling strategy on carbon emission intensity. In future power systems with a high proportion of renewable energy, coal-fired units will undertake more peak shaving and frequency regulation tasks. Quantifying the carbon emission differences of coal-fired units not only helps optimize the development path of low-carbon transformation in coalfired power, but also provides solid theoretical support and a decision-making basis for achieving the “dual carbon” goals.

, authors=Bin CHEN1, Xiaoyang HU2, Yichao ZOU1, Yanchun CAI2, Wei HAN3, Jinshi WANG2, authorsList=Bin CHEN, Xiaoyang HU, Yichao ZOU, Yanchun CAI, Wei HAN, Jinshi WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jinshi WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1295068113825985077, articleId=1295068110306964005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=面向低碳转型的不同类型燃煤机组碳排放强度对比研究, columnId=1295068110713811496, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=低碳火电及核电技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
【目的】

在“双碳”背景下,加快低碳转型成为煤电面临的主要问题之一。为揭示并对比不同类型燃煤机组的碳排放强度,构建了适用于不同类型燃煤机组耦合碳捕集与封存(carbon capture and storage,CCS)系统的碳排放强度计算模型。

【方法】

对比分析了300 MW、600 MW、1 000 MW、二次再热和IGCC等典型燃煤机组在不同负荷率下的碳排放强度,以及各机组耦合CCS系统之后的碳排放强度。

【结果】

结果表明:在较高负荷率下,IGCC机组具有较低的碳排放强度,100%负荷率下为703 g/(kW·h);在降低负荷率时,IGCC机组的碳排放强度快速上升;在50%负荷率下,二次再热机组的碳排放强度最低,为781 g/(kW·h)。CCS技术具有较强的碳减排能力,是煤电低碳转型的重要手段。在100%负荷率下,50%的碳捕集率可以使1 000 MW机组、二次再热机组和IGCC机组的碳排放强度分别降低334、329、295 g/(kW·h)。

【结论】

量化不同燃煤机组的碳排放差异,不仅有助于优化煤电低碳转型的发展路径,而且能够为实现“双碳”目标提供坚实的理论支撑与决策依据。

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陈彬(1982),男,博士,教授级高工,主要研究方向为电源发展规划,

, correspAuthorsNote=
王进仕(1982),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为能源动力系统优化、分布式能源,
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Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2024: 1., articleTitle=Thermodynamic characteristics analysis and integrated optimization of high-efficiency and lowcarbon coal gasification combined cycle system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068136345203400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=50, issue=5, pageStart=163, pageEnd=167, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=58, authorNames=樊强, 许世森, 刘沅, journalName=中国电力, refType=null, unstructuredReference=樊强,许世森,刘沅,. 基于IGCC的燃烧前CO2捕集技术应用与示范[J]. 中国电力201750(5):163-167., articleTitle=基于IGCC的燃烧前CO2捕集技术应用与示范, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068136437478089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=50, issue=5, pageStart=163, pageEnd=167, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=59, authorNames=FAN Qiang, XU Shisen, LIU Yuan, journalName=Electric Power, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FAN Qiang, XU Shisen, LIU Yuan, et al. Application and demonstration of IGCC-based pre-combustion CO2 capture technology[J]. Electric Power, 2017, 50(5):163-167., articleTitle=Application and demonstration of IGCC-based pre-combustion CO2 capture technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068136487809738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=45, issue=17, pageStart=6841, pageEnd=6854, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=60, authorNames=谢衍, 曾德良, 胡勇, journalName=中国电机工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谢衍,曾德良,胡勇,. 1 000 MW超超临界二次再热机组动态建模与仿真[J]. 中国电机工程学报202545(17):6841-6854., articleTitle=1 000 MW超超临界二次再热机组动态建模与仿真, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295068136550724299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=45, issue=17, pageStart=6841, pageEnd=6854, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=61, authorNames=XIE Yan, ZENG Deliang, HU Yong, journalName=Proceedings of the CSEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE Yan, ZENG Deliang, HU Yong, et al. Modeling and simulation of 1 000 MW ultra-supercritical double-reheat once-through unit[J]. 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figureFileSmall=CVpoeZIN9dfVnsT+W+2yeA==, figureFileBig=d2YJ9M8p1kv3tNyTvbP00w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068124051698282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=CN, label=图1, caption=系统建模流程, figureFileSmall=CVpoeZIN9dfVnsT+W+2yeA==, figureFileBig=d2YJ9M8p1kv3tNyTvbP00w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068124257219179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Carbon emission intensities of conventional units, figureFileSmall=otdDcN0ZpuyTkDiFf6oNYw==, figureFileBig=AKtgE/zkeTxzo5XhPUHTIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068124328522348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=CN, label=图2, caption=常规机组碳排放强度, figureFileSmall=otdDcN0ZpuyTkDiFf6oNYw==, figureFileBig=AKtgE/zkeTxzo5XhPUHTIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068124412408429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Carbon emission intensities of advanced units, figureFileSmall=7R5AkwwMEkKc3waELYZhbg==, figureFileBig=HCrs0btqf3JZZoWhWmSfFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068124492100206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=CN, label=图3, caption=先进机组碳排放强度, figureFileSmall=7R5AkwwMEkKc3waELYZhbg==, figureFileBig=HCrs0btqf3JZZoWhWmSfFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068124563403375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Comparison of carbon emission intensity among different types of units at 100% load rate, figureFileSmall=s5hJNc/17/SPrBw4d/NYvQ==, figureFileBig=mvdbrQgqJAMJ5j3r1iAPRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068124638900848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=CN, label=图4, caption=100%负荷率不同类型机组碳排放强度对比, figureFileSmall=s5hJNc/17/SPrBw4d/NYvQ==, figureFileBig=mvdbrQgqJAMJ5j3r1iAPRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068124697621105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Comparison of carbon emission intensity among different types of units at 75% load rate, figureFileSmall=hgTAahRk367VWUNk695mfQ==, figureFileBig=660+d7+euq80jDpSZrI+9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068124768924274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=CN, label=图5, caption=75%负荷率下不同类型机组碳排放强度对比, figureFileSmall=hgTAahRk367VWUNk695mfQ==, figureFileBig=660+d7+euq80jDpSZrI+9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068124844421747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Comparison of carbon emission intensity among different types of units at 50% load rate, figureFileSmall=+K8D8LZMAPqComuCWv7OEQ==, figureFileBig=AT2/xNsrYPTp+y1sKKpEvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068124915724916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=CN, label=图6, caption=50%负荷率下不同类型机组碳排放强度对比, figureFileSmall=+K8D8LZMAPqComuCWv7OEQ==, figureFileBig=AT2/xNsrYPTp+y1sKKpEvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068124987028085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Parameters of different types of units

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目300 MW等级600 MW等级1 000 MW等级二次再热
功率/MW3506001 000660
主蒸汽压力/MPa16.7024.2025.0028.76
主、再热蒸汽温度/℃538/538566/566600/600600/620/620
主、再热蒸汽1 040.8/1 674.6/2 729.5/1 734.4/1 528.7/
流量/(t·h–1872.31 395.12 187.91 309.5
回热级数8级8级8级10级
), ArticleFig(id=1295068125041554038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同类型机组参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目300 MW等级600 MW等级1 000 MW等级二次再热
功率/MW3506001 000660
主蒸汽压力/MPa16.7024.2025.0028.76
主、再热蒸汽温度/℃538/538566/566600/600600/620/620
主、再热蒸汽1 040.8/1 674.6/2 729.5/1 734.4/1 528.7/
流量/(t·h–1872.31 395.12 187.91 309.5
回热级数8级8级8级10级
), ArticleFig(id=1295068126740247159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Errors of heat consumption rate of different types of units

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
机组类型项目工况
THA75% THA50% THA40% THA
300 MW机组模拟值/(kJ·(kW·h)–17 8968 0518 3258 503
设计值/(kJ·(kW·h)–17 8307 9538 2428 511
相对误差/%0.841.231.01–0.09
600 MW机组模拟值/(kJ·(kW·h)–17 6327 8288 0578 217
设计值/(kJ·(kW·h)–17 5877 7298 0118 218
相对误差/%0.601.290.58–0.01
1 000 MW机组模拟值/(kJ·(kW·h)–17 3577 4807 6597 795
设计值/(kJ·(kW·h)–17 3547 4747 7147 894
相对误差/%0.050.08–0.70–1.25
二次再热机组模拟值/(kJ·(kW·h)–17 1557 3407 7057 895
设计值/(kJ·(kW·h)–17 1857 3457 7377 988
相对误差/%–0.41–0.06–0.41–1.16
), ArticleFig(id=1295068126849299064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同类型机组的热耗率误差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
机组类型项目工况
THA75% THA50% THA40% THA
300 MW机组模拟值/(kJ·(kW·h)–17 8968 0518 3258 503
设计值/(kJ·(kW·h)–17 8307 9538 2428 511
相对误差/%0.841.231.01–0.09
600 MW机组模拟值/(kJ·(kW·h)–17 6327 8288 0578 217
设计值/(kJ·(kW·h)–17 5877 7298 0118 218
相对误差/%0.601.290.58–0.01
1 000 MW机组模拟值/(kJ·(kW·h)–17 3577 4807 6597 795
设计值/(kJ·(kW·h)–17 3547 4747 7147 894
相对误差/%0.050.08–0.70–1.25
二次再热机组模拟值/(kJ·(kW·h)–17 1557 3407 7057 895
设计值/(kJ·(kW·h)–17 1857 3457 7377 988
相对误差/%–0.41–0.06–0.41–1.16
), ArticleFig(id=1295068126928990841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Net efficiency errors of the IGCC unit

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况模拟全厂净效率实际全厂净效率相对误差
100%负荷率41.0941.08–0.02
冬季40.5440.65–0.26
夏季39.8440.42–1.43
), ArticleFig(id=1295068126991905402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

IGCC 机组的净效率误差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况模拟全厂净效率实际全厂净效率相对误差
100%负荷率41.0941.08–0.02
冬季40.5440.65–0.26
夏季39.8440.42–1.43
), ArticleFig(id=1295068127075791483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Verification of simulation results of the carbon capture model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数文献[26]结果本文模拟结果相对误差/%
吸热剂流量/(t·h–1375.6386.72.96
再生热耗/(GJ·t–13.863.704.14
), ArticleFig(id=1295068127142900349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

碳捕集模型的模拟结果验证

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数文献[26]结果本文模拟结果相对误差/%
吸热剂流量/(t·h–1375.6386.72.96
再生热耗/(GJ·t–13.863.704.14
), ArticleFig(id=1295068127214203518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=EN, label=Tab.A1, caption=

Main parameters of 300 MW-class units

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目工况
THA75% THA50% THA
机组功率/MW350262.5175
主蒸汽压力/MPa16.7013.038.96
主蒸汽温度/℃538537536
主蒸汽流量/(t·h–11 040.8758.3503.4
再热蒸汽压力/MPa3.2612.4351.649
再热蒸汽温度/℃538537525
再热蒸汽流量/(t·h–1872.3648.6539.2
除氧器抽汽压力/MPa0.7630.5770.400
除氧器抽汽温度/℃328.7330.5324.7
除氧器抽汽流量/(t·h–124.216.710.4
给水温度/℃272.2758.3232.1
凝汽器压力/MPa0.005 20.005 20.005 2
发电煤耗率/(g·(kW·h)–1292.9297.9306.9
), ArticleFig(id=1295068127289700991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=CN, label=表A1, caption=

300 MW等级机组的主要参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目工况
THA75% THA50% THA
机组功率/MW350262.5175
主蒸汽压力/MPa16.7013.038.96
主蒸汽温度/℃538537536
主蒸汽流量/(t·h–11 040.8758.3503.4
再热蒸汽压力/MPa3.2612.4351.649
再热蒸汽温度/℃538537525
再热蒸汽流量/(t·h–1872.3648.6539.2
除氧器抽汽压力/MPa0.7630.5770.400
除氧器抽汽温度/℃328.7330.5324.7
除氧器抽汽流量/(t·h–124.216.710.4
给水温度/℃272.2758.3232.1
凝汽器压力/MPa0.005 20.005 20.005 2
发电煤耗率/(g·(kW·h)–1292.9297.9306.9
), ArticleFig(id=1295068127386169985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=EN, label=Tab.A2, caption=

Main parameters of 600 MW-class units

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目工况
THA75% THA50% THA
机组功率/MW600450300
主蒸汽压力/MPa24.2022.6915.30
主蒸汽温度/℃566566566
主蒸汽流量/(t·h–11 674.61 219.2799.2
再热蒸汽压力/MPa3.6112.6911.816
再热蒸汽温度/℃566566566
再热蒸汽流量/(t·h–11 395.11 034.6693.2
除氧器抽汽压力/MPa0.9280.70528.970
除氧器抽汽温度/℃360.8363.8369.0
除氧器抽汽流量/(t·h–177.854.033.2
给水温度/℃274.4255.4233.0
凝汽器压力/MPa0.005 880.005 880.005 88
发电煤耗率/(g·(kW·h)–1)288.9292.3299.7
), ArticleFig(id=1295068127566525059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=CN, label=表A2, caption=

600 MW等级机组的主要参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目工况
THA75% THA50% THA
机组功率/MW600450300
主蒸汽压力/MPa24.2022.6915.30
主蒸汽温度/℃566566566
主蒸汽流量/(t·h–11 674.61 219.2799.2
再热蒸汽压力/MPa3.6112.6911.816
再热蒸汽温度/℃566566566
再热蒸汽流量/(t·h–11 395.11 034.6693.2
除氧器抽汽压力/MPa0.9280.70528.970
除氧器抽汽温度/℃360.8363.8369.0
除氧器抽汽流量/(t·h–177.854.033.2
给水温度/℃274.4255.4233.0
凝汽器压力/MPa0.005 880.005 880.005 88
发电煤耗率/(g·(kW·h)–1)288.9292.3299.7
), ArticleFig(id=1295068127675576964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=EN, label=Tab.A3, caption=

Main parameters of 1 000 MW-class units

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目工况
THA75% THA50% THA
机组功率/MW1 000750500
主蒸汽压力/MPa25.0018.8812.59
主蒸汽温度/℃600600600
主蒸汽流量/(t·h–12 729.51 976.61 304.0
再热蒸汽压力/MPa4.5343.3882.310
再热蒸汽温度/℃600600600
再热蒸汽流量/(t·h–12 187.91 629.31 106.7
除氧器抽汽压力/MPa0.8660.6650.467
除氧器抽汽温度/℃344.4348.8353.7
除氧器抽汽流量/(t·h–1143.4100.463.5
给水温度/℃294.8275.1251.4
凝汽器压力/MPa0.004 90.004 90.004 9
发电煤耗率/(g·(kW·h)–1270.9275.4283.1
), ArticleFig(id=1295068127784628869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=CN, label=表A3, caption=

1 000 MW等级机组的主要参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目工况
THA75% THA50% THA
机组功率/MW1 000750500
主蒸汽压力/MPa25.0018.8812.59
主蒸汽温度/℃600600600
主蒸汽流量/(t·h–12 729.51 976.61 304.0
再热蒸汽压力/MPa4.5343.3882.310
再热蒸汽温度/℃600600600
再热蒸汽流量/(t·h–12 187.91 629.31 106.7
除氧器抽汽压力/MPa0.8660.6650.467
除氧器抽汽温度/℃344.4348.8353.7
除氧器抽汽流量/(t·h–1143.4100.463.5
给水温度/℃294.8275.1251.4
凝汽器压力/MPa0.004 90.004 90.004 9
发电煤耗率/(g·(kW·h)–1270.9275.4283.1
), ArticleFig(id=1295068127872709254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=EN, label=Tab.A4, caption=

Main parameters of double-reheat units

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目工况
THA75% THA50% THA
机组功率/MW660495330
主蒸汽压力/MPa28.7621.4115.03
主蒸汽温度/℃600600600
主蒸汽流量/(t·h–11 734.41 263.4870.3
一次再热蒸汽压力/MPa10.1457.5985.307
一次再热蒸汽温度/℃620620613
一次再热蒸汽流量/(t·h–11 528.71 134.2791.7
二次再热蒸汽压力/MPa3.1972.4171.668
二次再热蒸汽温度/℃620620570
二次再热蒸汽流量/(t·h–11 309.5985.7697.4
除氧器抽汽压力/MPa0.8000.6230.436
除氧器抽汽温度/℃405.8410.4371.9
除氧器抽汽流量/(t·h–1162.7102.865.0
给水温度/℃316.1295.3272.8
凝汽器压力/MPa0.004 920.004 920.004 92
发电煤耗率/(g·(kW·h)–1261.9273.9281.7
), ArticleFig(id=1295068127952401031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=CN, label=表A4, caption=

二次再热机组的主要参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目工况
THA75% THA50% THA
机组功率/MW660495330
主蒸汽压力/MPa28.7621.4115.03
主蒸汽温度/℃600600600
主蒸汽流量/(t·h–11 734.41 263.4870.3
一次再热蒸汽压力/MPa10.1457.5985.307
一次再热蒸汽温度/℃620620613
一次再热蒸汽流量/(t·h–11 528.71 134.2791.7
二次再热蒸汽压力/MPa3.1972.4171.668
二次再热蒸汽温度/℃620620570
二次再热蒸汽流量/(t·h–11 309.5985.7697.4
除氧器抽汽压力/MPa0.8000.6230.436
除氧器抽汽温度/℃405.8410.4371.9
除氧器抽汽流量/(t·h–1162.7102.865.0
给水温度/℃316.1295.3272.8
凝汽器压力/MPa0.004 920.004 920.004 92
发电煤耗率/(g·(kW·h)–1261.9273.9281.7
), ArticleFig(id=1295068128023704200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=EN, label=Tab.A5, caption=

Main parameters of IGCC units

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目工况
100%负荷率70%负荷率50%负荷率
燃气轮机功率/MW16311481.5
汽轮机功率/MW997151
总功率/MW262.0185.0132.5
合成气流量/(t·h–1215.4984.1702.9
燃气轮机进气量/(t·h–11 405.8984.1702.9
余热锅炉烟气量/(t·h–11 621.21 134.8810.6
空压机耗功/MW1299064
发电煤耗率/(g·(kW·h)–1253.4
), ArticleFig(id=1295068128095007369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068110306964005, language=CN, label=表A5, caption=

IGCC机组的主要参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目工况
100%负荷率70%负荷率50%负荷率
燃气轮机功率/MW16311481.5
汽轮机功率/MW997151
总功率/MW262.0185.0132.5
合成气流量/(t·h–1215.4984.1702.9
燃气轮机进气量/(t·h–11 405.8984.1702.9
余热锅炉烟气量/(t·h–11 621.21 134.8810.6
空压机耗功/MW1299064
发电煤耗率/(g·(kW·h)–1253.4
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面向低碳转型的不同类型燃煤机组碳排放强度对比研究
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陈彬 1 , 胡晓阳 2 , 邹艺超 1 , 蔡延春 2 , 韩伟 3 , 王进仕 2
热力发电 | 低碳火电及核电技术 2026,55(5): 109-119
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热力发电 |低碳火电及核电技术 2026 , 55 (5) : 109 -119
面向低碳转型的不同类型燃煤机组碳排放强度对比研究
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陈彬(1982),男,博士,教授级高工,主要研究方向为电源发展规划,

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陈彬1 , 胡晓阳2, 邹艺超1, 蔡延春2, 韩伟3, 王进仕2
作者信息
  • 1.国网福建省电力有限公司经济技术研究院,福建 福州 350005
  • 2.西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,陕西 西安 710049
  • 3.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
通讯作者:
王进仕(1982),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为能源动力系统优化、分布式能源,
作者简介:

陈彬(1982),男,博士,教授级高工,主要研究方向为电源发展规划,

A comparative study on carbon emission intensity of different types of coal-fired units oriented to low-carbon transformation
Bin CHEN1 , Xiaoyang HU2, Yichao ZOU1, Yanchun CAI2, Wei HAN3, Jinshi WANG2
Affiliations
  • 1.Economic and Technological Research Institute of State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co., Ltd., Fuzhou 350005, China
  • 2.School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
  • 3.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
出版时间: 2026-05-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202509030
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【目的】

在“双碳”背景下,加快低碳转型成为煤电面临的主要问题之一。为揭示并对比不同类型燃煤机组的碳排放强度,构建了适用于不同类型燃煤机组耦合碳捕集与封存(carbon capture and storage,CCS)系统的碳排放强度计算模型。

【方法】

对比分析了300 MW、600 MW、1 000 MW、二次再热和IGCC等典型燃煤机组在不同负荷率下的碳排放强度,以及各机组耦合CCS系统之后的碳排放强度。

【结果】

结果表明:在较高负荷率下,IGCC机组具有较低的碳排放强度,100%负荷率下为703 g/(kW·h);在降低负荷率时,IGCC机组的碳排放强度快速上升;在50%负荷率下,二次再热机组的碳排放强度最低,为781 g/(kW·h)。CCS技术具有较强的碳减排能力,是煤电低碳转型的重要手段。在100%负荷率下,50%的碳捕集率可以使1 000 MW机组、二次再热机组和IGCC机组的碳排放强度分别降低334、329、295 g/(kW·h)。

【结论】

量化不同燃煤机组的碳排放差异,不仅有助于优化煤电低碳转型的发展路径,而且能够为实现“双碳”目标提供坚实的理论支撑与决策依据。

燃煤机组  /  碳排放强度  /  变负荷  /  CCS  /  IGCC
[Objective]

Against the backdrop of global efforts to address climate change and actively promote the strategic goals of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality”, the clean and low-carbon transformation of the energy system has become a core issue for national development. Accelerating the low-carbon transformation of the coal-fired power industry and precisely reducing carbon emission intensity are key challenges in achieving climate goals. However, there are significant differences in the carbon emission characteristics of different types of coal-fired units, and their carbon emission levels and the emission reduction effects of coupling carbon capture technology have not been clearly compared. To reveal and compare the carbon emission intensities of different types of coalfired units, a carbon emission intensity calculation model applicable to different types of coal-fired units coupled with carbon capture and storage (CCS) systems was constructed.

[Methods]

The carbon emission intensities of typical coal-fired units such as 300 MW, 600 MW, 1 000 MW, double-reheat and IGCC at different load rates, as well as the carbon emission intensities after coupling with CCS systems, were compared and analyzed.

[Results]

The research results show that at higher load rates, IGCC units have a lower carbon emission intensity, reaching 703 g/(kW·h) at 100% load rate, while the 300 MW unit has the highest carbon emission intensity, reaching 812 g/(kW·h). When the load rate decreases, the carbon emission intensity of the IGCC unit increases rapidly, reaching 948 g/(kW·h) at 50% load rate. The double-reheat unit has the lowest carbon emission intensity at 50% load rate, which is 781 g/(kW·h). CCS technology has a strong carbon emission reduction capacity and is an important means for the low-carbon transformation of coal-fired power. At 100% load rate, a 50% carbon capture rate can reduce the carbon emission intensities of 1 000 MW units, double-reheat units and IGCC units by 334, 329 and 295 g/(kW·h) respectively. Similarly, at a 50% load rate, a 50% carbon capture rate can respectively reduce the carbon emission intensity of 1 000 MW units, double-reheat units and IGCC units by 352, 358 and 379 g/(kW·h).

[Conclusion]

This study, through the construction of analytical models and systematic comparisons, quantitatively reveals the compound influence mechanism of the technical route of coal-fired units, operating load rate, and CCS coupling strategy on carbon emission intensity. In future power systems with a high proportion of renewable energy, coal-fired units will undertake more peak shaving and frequency regulation tasks. Quantifying the carbon emission differences of coal-fired units not only helps optimize the development path of low-carbon transformation in coalfired power, but also provides solid theoretical support and a decision-making basis for achieving the “dual carbon” goals.

coal-fired unit  /  carbon emission intensity  /  variable load  /  CCS  /  IGCC
陈彬, 胡晓阳, 邹艺超, 蔡延春, 韩伟, 王进仕. 面向低碳转型的不同类型燃煤机组碳排放强度对比研究. 热力发电, 2026 , 55 (5) : 109 -119 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202509030
Bin CHEN, Xiaoyang HU, Yichao ZOU, Yanchun CAI, Wei HAN, Jinshi WANG. A comparative study on carbon emission intensity of different types of coal-fired units oriented to low-carbon transformation[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2026 , 55 (5) : 109 -119 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202509030
据统计,我国燃煤发电产生的二氧化碳排放量占总排放量的40%以上,是目前最大的碳排放源[1]。为降低电力行业碳排放,近年来我国可再生能源发电产业发展迅速,截至2024年底,全国可再生能源装机容量达18.89亿千瓦,占全国总装机容量的56%[2]。然而,由于可再生能源电力存在随机性、波动性和间歇性,极大增加了电网压力,电网的灵活性仍需要通过煤电机组调节满足。因此,煤电仍将作为我国电力供应的调节性支撑性电源[3]。在“双碳”目标下,加快低碳转型已成为当前我国燃煤电厂面临的主要问题之一,而掌握不同类型燃煤机组的碳排放强度则是推动煤电低碳转型的重要前提[4]
为揭示不同类型燃煤机组的碳排放特性,许多学者进行了大量研究。盖志杰等[5]以内蒙古自治区某电厂为例,介绍了碳排放量的数据源收集和计算过程,认为电厂的二氧化碳排放主要产生于化石燃料的燃烧过程,约占总碳排放量的99%。李进等[6]计算了40台不同容量机组的二氧化碳排放强度,结果发现,200~250 MW、300 MW和600~660 MW机组的平均碳排放强度分别为894.3、808.3、732.2 g/(kW·h)。索新良等[7]以300 MW、600 MW、1 000 MW燃煤机组为例,阐述了燃煤电厂二氧化碳排放量的测算方法,分析了碳减排的可能性。刘高军[8]采用主流碳排放计算方法,对典型660 MW燃煤机组、365 MW燃气机组和660 MW燃油机组进行碳排放计算,得到其碳排放强度分别为0.827 9、0.373 0、0.714 7 t/(MW·h)。Chen等人[9]对不同煤种的碳排放因子进行了研究,为调峰条件下的碳排放核算提供了有价值的参考。刘科等[10]对4台600 MW等级和1台1 000 MW等级燃煤机组的碳排放强度进行监测分析,发现部分机组的碳排放强度对负荷的波动较为敏感。井雷等[11]提出了一种基于激光诱导击穿光谱实时在线煤质检测的技术,检测误差从5.00%降至0.50%。张彬等[12]对比了2种不同在线监测方案的运行特点,为系统改造提供了研究基础。
碳捕集与封存(carbon capture and storage,CCS)技术通过捕集燃煤电厂运行过程中产生的二氧化碳,可以有效降低机组的碳排放强度,是煤电低碳转型的重要路径之一[13-14]。孙月巧等[15]通过研究指出,短期内持续推进机组灵活调峰、节能提效改造,联合中长期时间段内配合CCS技术实施,可以实现燃煤机组二氧化碳近零排放。Li等人[16]的研究表明,到2060年,实施碳捕集改造可以使中国的电厂碳排放减少5.5~38.5 Gt,具有显著的减排效果。然而,吴其荣等[17]的研究表明,CCS将导致机组经济性下降,投资成本中碳捕集设备购置费占比高达83.8%,运行成本中蒸汽和电耗成本占比达到72.8%。
综上所述,目前国内针对燃煤机组碳排放强度的研究已取得较大进展。然而,已有的研究对象主要集中于传统煤电机组,而针对当前先进的高效清洁燃煤发电技术,如二次再热、整体煤气化联合循环(integrated gasification combined cycle,IGCC)等的研究尚显不足。另一方面,CCS技术作为煤电低碳转型的重要技术,其对不同类型燃煤机组的碳排放强度的综合影响也缺乏深入探讨。鉴于不同类型燃煤机组在不同运行工况下的碳排放强度存在显著差异,深入分析其碳排放特性,特别是耦合CCS技术后的综合排放特性,量化其排放差异,不仅有助于优化煤电低碳转型的发展路径,更能为未来实现“双碳”目标提供坚实的理论支撑与决策依据。
因此,本文针对不同类型燃煤机组在不同运行工况下的碳排放强度进行了对比研究。首先,通过机理建模的方法,分别对不同类型的燃煤机组进行建模,同时建立了CCS系统的仿真模型;其次,定义了碳排放强度的计算方法,获得了不同类型机组在不同负荷率及不同碳捕集率等工况下的碳排放强度;最后,对比分析了不同类型机组在不同运行工况下的碳排放强度差异,并对CCS技术的碳减排能力进行了研究,以期对煤电机组低碳转型提供理论依据。
本文选择多种不同类型的常规燃煤机组和先进燃煤机组进行研究。常规机组包括300 MW等级亚临界、600 MW等级超临界和1 000 MW等级超超临界,先进机组则包括超超临界二次再热和IGCC。由于相同类型的机组具有相似特性,因此从每种类型中选取1个典型机组作为研究对象,代表具有相同特征的该类型的所有机组。所选机组在汽轮机热耗验收工况(turbine heat acceptance,THA)下的主要热力参数如表1所示。此外,所选IGCC机组为某262 MW机组,燃气轮机功率为163 MW;余热锅炉为三压(高压作为主蒸汽,中压和汽轮机高压缸排汽作为再热蒸汽,低压作为除氧器加热蒸汽和汽轮机低压缸进汽)、一次再热锅炉,烟气进口温度为554.7 ℃,烟气出口温度为137 ℃;蒸汽轮机主汽流量为182 t/h,主汽温度为520 ℃,主汽压力为9.35 MPa,功率为99 MW。附录中表A1—表A5详细展示了所选不同类型燃煤机组的参数。
本文采用的CCS技术主要有燃烧前捕集和燃烧后捕集2种,其中燃烧前捕集应用于IGCC机组,燃烧后捕集应用于常规燃煤机组与超超临界二次再热机组[18-19]。燃烧前捕集方法选择物理吸收法,该方法利用CO2在低温、高压下在吸收剂中物理溶解度较高而在高温、低压下溶解度低的原理来分离CO2[20]。燃烧后捕集方法选择基于乙醇胺(MEA)的CO2吸收法。MEA溶液因反应速度快、低压下性能高以及溶剂成本低等特点,在工业过程中作为吸收剂具有较强的吸引力[21-22]。该方法使用MEA溶液对电厂经过脱硫脱硝及除尘的烟气中的CO2进行化学吸收,再将MEA溶液加热热解释放纯净的CO2,并对CO2进行压缩再利用[23]
EBSILON软件是一款可计算开环和闭环热力循环系统性能的商业软件,其基于热平衡模型对热力过程的热量、功量、循环效率、热力状态参数等物理量进行计算[24]。模型中设备组件的质量守恒方程、能量守恒方程与动量守恒方程分别如式(1)—式(3)所示。
DoutDinΔD=0
DouthoutDinhin+QW=0
PoutPinΔP=0
式中:DoutDin分别为出口和入口的流体流量,kg/s;houthin分别为流出和流入的流体焓值,kJ/kg;Q为热量变化量,kJ;W为对外做功量,kJ;PoutPin分别为流出和流入的流体动量,kg·m/s。
依据汽水循环的方向,在软件内部完成热力系统模型的搭建。建模流程如图1所示[25]
采用EBSILON仿真软件对所选机组进行系统性建模。为评估模型的有效性,在不同运行工况下对机组模型进行详细验证,具体误差结果如表2表3所示。可见,各工况下的模拟最大误差均低于2.0%,满足ANSI/ISA 77.20.01—2012标准中对热力系统计算精度的规定,表明所建机组模型具备较高的仿真精度。根据文献[26]中的参数建立碳捕集模型,并对模型进行验证,结果如表4所示。通过对比可知,本文建立的碳捕集模型的模拟结果与文献结果的相对误差在5%以内,具有较高的可靠性。
本文采用碳排放强度表征燃煤机组的碳排放水平,其定义为机组每生产单位电能所产生的二氧化碳排放量。机组碳排放的主要来源为煤炭[27],具体计算过程如下。
常规凝汽式机组的碳排放强度计算模型为[28]
Cn=bn×CC
式中:Cn为常规凝汽式发电机组的碳排放强度,g/(kW·h);CC为标煤折算二氧化碳系数;bn为发电煤耗率,g/(kW·h),计算式如下。
bn=360029270×ηcp
式中:29 270为标准煤的低位发热量,kJ/kg;ηcp为机组热效率,%,计算方式如式(6)所示。
ηcp=3600×PnQ0×ηb×ηp
式中:ηb为锅炉效率,%;ηp为管道效率,%;Pn为机组的发电功率,kW;Q0为汽轮机组的热耗量,kJ/h。ηbηpQ0均来源于机组设计数据。
对于耦合CCS系统的机组[29],其碳排放强度的计算主要有两方面的变化:一是需要扣除已捕集的二氧化碳;二是需要考虑碳捕集改造对机组出力特性产生的影响。因此机组输出功率为:
Pn,CCS=PnPCCS
式中:Pn,CCS为带CCS系统的机组的输出功率,kW;PCCS为捕集及压缩系统的用电功率,kW。
带有CCS系统的机组热效率为:
ηcp,CCS=3600×Pn,CCSQ0×ηb×ηp
式中:ηcp,CCS为带有CCS系统的机组热效率,%。
根据式(4)及式(5),得到带有CCS系统的机组碳排放强度计算模型为:
Cn,CCS=3600(1αg)CC29270×ηcp,CCS×(1ξap)
式中:Cn,CCS为带有CCS系统的机组碳排放强度,g/(kW·h);αg为碳捕集率;ξap为厂用电率。
对于IGCC机组,其发电环节主要包括煤气化与合成气生成、合成气净化及燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电等。其碳排放量可通过下式计算[30]
M(CO2)=B×γc×ω×44/12MCCS
式中:M(CO2)为IGCC机组碳排放量,kg/s;B为气化炉实际消耗的煤炭量,kg/s;γc为煤炭中碳元素占比;ω为气化及燃烧过程中碳转化为CO2的比例(通常取值98%~100%);44/12为CO2与碳的分子量转换系数;MCCS为碳捕集量,kg/s。
根据机组的碳排放量可得出IGCC机组的碳排放强度为:
Ci=M(CO2)Pi×3.6
式中:Ci为IGCC机组的碳排放强度,g/(kW·h);Pi为IGCC机组的发电功率,kW。
300 MW、600 MW、1 000 MW机组在耦合CCS系统前、后的碳排放强度如图2所示。由图2可以看出:参数越低的常规燃煤机组碳排放强度越高,300 MW亚临界机组在100%负荷率下的碳排放强度达到812 g/(kW·h);变负荷运行中机组碳排放强度还会进一步增加,相较于100%负荷率,50%负荷率下的碳排放强度增加约4.8%,达到851 g/(kW·h)。600 MW超临界机组由于其高参数、大容量的特性,碳排放强度低于300 MW亚临界机组,100%负荷率时为801 g/(kW·h),50%负荷率时为831 g/(kW·h)。1 000 MW超超临界机组具有更高的参数及更大的容量,导致其具有更高的运行效率和更低的碳排放强度:其在100%负荷率时碳排放强度为751 g/(kW·h),比300 MW机组和600 MW机组分别低61、50 g/(kW·h);在50%负荷率下碳排放强度为785 g/(kW·h),比300 MW和600 MW机组分别低66、46 g/(kW·h)。随着负荷率的降低,机组碳排放强度显著上升,深度调峰工况下上升趋势更加明显。当负荷率降低到30%时,300 MW、600 MW、1 000 MW机组分别达到了879、856、811 g/(kW·h)。
通过上述数据可知:机组容量越大,其发电碳排放强度越低,即高参数、大容量机组的发电碳排放强度明显处于较低水平;碳排放强度与机组负荷呈负相关。这与宋明光[31]、刘科[10]和高建强等[28]的研究结论一致,验证了本文模型的准确性。
图2还可看出,CCS技术具有较强的碳减排能力,耦合CCS系统后,不同类型机组的碳排放强度均显著下降。当捕集率为50%时,300 MW机组在100%负荷率下的碳排放强度为458 g/(kW·h),负荷率50%时为473 g/(kW·h),负荷率为30%时为486 g/(kW·h),减排效果明显。但是,当捕集率增大时,捕集CO2量增加,捕集系统的能耗需求增大,抽汽量增加,而机组运行受低压缸最小凝汽流量的限制,因此,机组的运行区间会随捕集率的增大而变小。由以上分析可知,提升机组参数或耦合CCS技术均可使机组碳排放水平有不同程度的降低。然而,CCS技术会同时导致机组能耗增加。
超超临界二次再热机组耦合CCS系统前、后的碳排放强度如图3a)所示。由图3a)可以看出,二次再热机组在较高负荷率时的碳排放强度明显低于一次再热机组。在100%负荷率下,二次再热机组的碳排放强度为726 g/(kW·h),比相同工况下的1 000 MW、600 MW和、300 MW一次再热机组分别低25、75、86 g/(kW·h)。耦合CCS系统后,二次再热机组的碳排放强度进一步降低:在捕集率为50%的情况下,100%负荷率时,其碳排放强度仅为397 g/(kW·h)。然而,二次再热机组在降负荷过程中的碳排放强度增长较快,机组从100%负荷率降低到50%负荷率的过程中,碳排放强度增大了55 g/(kW·h),约7.6%,而1 000 MW一次再热机组从100%负荷率降低到50%负荷率的过程中,碳排放强度增大了34 g/(kW·h),约4.5%。耦合碳捕集装置可以减缓二次再热机组变负荷过程中的碳排放强度变化率,如捕集率为50%的情况下,机组从100%负荷率降低到50%负荷率的过程中,碳排放强度增长仅约6.5%。
IGCC机组在耦合CCS系统前、后的碳排放强度如图3b)所示。
图3b)可以看出,IGCC机组较高的循环效率使其在高负荷率下碳排放强度较低。在100%负荷率下,机组的碳排放强度仅为703 g/(kW·h),比相同工况下的1 000 MW机组低48 g/(kW·h)。但随着负荷率的降低,IGCC机组的碳排放强度逐渐增大,当机组负荷率降低到50%时,机组碳排放强度为948 g/(kW·h),较100%负荷率增加约34.9%,增加幅度明显高于1 000 MW机组。在IGCC机组煤气化与变换的过程中,水煤气变换反应为可逆反应,CO无法完全转化为CO2,同时,在反应过程中会发生甲烷化反应,产生少量CH4。CO2等酸性气体在高压、低温下更容易溶解于物理溶剂中,但CO和CH4等含碳物质无法被分离。因此,在相同的碳捕集率下,燃烧前捕集技术造成的碳排放强度降低幅度低于燃烧后捕集技术[32]。在50%捕集率的情况下,1 000 MW机组在100%负荷率下相较于无捕集机组碳排放强度降低约44.6%,IGCC机组在100%负荷率下相较于无捕集机组降低约41.9%;当捕集率达到90%时,1 000 MW机组在100%负荷率下相较于无捕集机组碳排放强度降低约87.9%,IGCC机组在100%负荷率下相较于无捕集机组降低约77.4%。虽然在相同碳捕集率情况下,IGCC机组CCS系统的碳减排能力弱于其他类型的燃煤机组,但燃烧前捕集处理的气体具有高CO2浓度和高压力,使IGCC机组的捕集效率和整体能源效率均高于燃烧后捕集[33]
图4图5图6比较了不同类型机组的碳排放强度。由图4图6可知,在较高的负荷率下,先进机组的碳排放强度明显低于常规机组。IGCC机组通过煤气化技术将固体燃料转化为清洁气体燃料,从而能够采用效率更高的燃气-蒸汽联合循环实现对煤炭化学能的梯级利用。因此,IGCC机组具有较低的碳排放强度[32]。在100%负荷率下,IGCC机组相较于相同工况下的1 000 MW、600 MW和300 MW常规燃煤机组,碳排放强度分别低约6.8%、13.9%和15.5%。
相比于一次再热机组,二次再热机组的蒸汽在锅炉中进行了2次加热,使蒸汽的吸热过程整体向高温区移动,显著提高了工质的平均吸热温度。根据卡诺定理,提高热源与冷源的平均温差可提高效率。因此,二次再热机组通过增加一次再热过程,进一步提高了蒸汽的平均吸热温度,从而提升了循环效率,降低了碳排放强度[34]。相较于相同工况下的1 000 MW、600 MW和300 MW常规燃煤机组,二次再热机组的碳排放强度分别低约3.4%、10.3%和11.8%。
CCS技术具有较强的碳减排能力,耦合CCS系统可以显著降低机组的碳排放强度。在100%负荷率下:当捕集率为50%时,IGCC、二次再热、1 000 MW、600 MW和300 MW机组较无碳捕集时碳排放强度分别减少295、329、334、363、354 g/(kW·h);当捕集率为70%时,分别减少423、479、493、522、529 g/(kW·h);当捕集率为90%时,分别减少544、641、661、705、712 g/(kW·h)。
在负荷率降低的过程中,不同类型机组的碳排放强度均有明显增加,其中IGCC机组增加尤为明显。当负荷率为50%时,IGCC机组的碳排放强度达到了948 g/(kW·h),较相同工况下的300 MW、600 MW、1 000 MW和二次再热机组分别高约11.4%、14.1%、20.8%和21.4%。耦合CCS系统后,在低负荷情况下IGCC机组的劣势更加明显。在50%负荷率下:当捕集率为50%时,IGCC机组的碳排放强度较相同工况下的300 MW、600 MW、1 000 MW和二次再热机组高约20.3%、24.2%、31.4%和34.5%;当捕集率为70%时,分别高约38.3%、24.2%、31.4%和34.5%;当捕集率为90%时,分别高约141.2%、149.0%、164.9%和176.7%。
本文对比了不同类型燃煤机组在不同负荷率下的碳排放强度,并分析了CCS技术的碳减排能力,以期对煤电机组的低碳转型提供理论依据。主要得出以下结论:
1)在较高负荷率下,IGCC机组的碳排放强度较低,100%负荷率下为703 g/(kW·h),较相同负荷率下的300 MW亚临界机组低109 g/(kW·h)。但是在负荷率降低的过程中,IGCC机组的碳排放强度快速增大,50%负荷率下达到了948 g/(kW·h),较相同负荷率下的300 MW亚临界机组高97 g/(kW·h)。
2)在较低负荷率下,二次再热机组的碳排放强度较低,在75%和50%负荷率下仅为748、781 g/(kW·h),较相同工况下的300 MW亚临界机组分别低78、70 g/(kW·h)。
3)耦合CCS系统后,不同类型燃煤机组的碳排放强度显著降低。100%负荷率下,当捕集率分别为90%、70%和50%时,二次再热机组的碳排放强度较耦合CCS系统前分别下降641、479、329 g/(kW·h),减排效果显著。
4)本文量化了不同类型燃煤机组的碳排放差异及负荷率的影响,并分析了CCS技术的碳减排能力。在以深度减排为目标的转型过程中,需考虑机组运行负荷率的情况,合理配置不同类型的燃煤机组并耦合CCS技术。
  • 国家电网有限公司总部管理科技项目(1400-202421300A-1-1-ZN)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4100700)
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202509030
  • 接收时间:2025-09-12
  • 首发时间:2026-08-14
  • 出版时间:2026-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-12
  • 修回日期:2025-09-29
  • 录用日期:2025-10-16
基金
Headquarters-managed Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(1400-202421300A-1-1-ZN)
国家电网有限公司总部管理科技项目(1400-202421300A-1-1-ZN)
National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFB4100700)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4100700)
作者信息
    1.国网福建省电力有限公司经济技术研究院,福建 福州 350005
    2.西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,陕西 西安 710049
    3.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054

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王进仕(1982),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为能源动力系统优化、分布式能源,
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