Article(id=1295064857095725746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295064706872528996, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202506112, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750521600000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-22, revisedDate=1752768000000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-18, acceptedDate=1753632000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-07-28, onlineDate=1786697123072, onlineDateStr=2026-08-14, pubDate=1771948800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1786697123072, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1786697123072, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1786697123072, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1295064706872528996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2026', volume='55', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771948800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1786697087257, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1786698896936, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1295072297266733103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295064706872528996, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1295072297266733104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295064706872528996, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=158, endPage=169, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1295064857309635251, articleId=1295064857095725746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Research on modeling of GTCC-SOEC hydrogen-production energy storage system coupled with deep peak-shaving, columnId=1295064776644776409, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Multi-type energy storage-assisted peak and frequency regulation technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A model for hydrogen production and storage during deep peak-shaving (less than 30% of rated capacity) was established by coupling a gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) unit with a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), demonstrating the feasibility of efficiently matching electrothermal resources within the system to accommodate renewable energy. Machine learning was used to predict GTCC variable-load power output, heat recovery boiler models were used to calculate steam parameters, and SOEC thermochemical models were applied to determine hydrogen production electricity and heat consumption. Results show that SOEC electrolysis voltage and hydrogen production can quickly respond to changes in input electrical energy, with the thermal inertia temperature difference of hydrogen production stabilizing at 25~27 ℃. When the peak shaving depth (the ratio of accommodated renewable energy to rated capacity) increased from 50% to 100%, the overall efficiency of the energy storage peak shaving system rose from 47.8% to 55.3%. Using GTCC-SOEC to accommodate renewable energy reduced the total energy consumption of hydrogen production from 6.7 kJ/m³ to 5.8 kJ/m³, with a reduction of 13.4%. SOEC hydrogen production heat consumption is about 80% of the electricity consumption, and the efficiency of the coupled hydrogen production system is only approximately 3.15%~3.34% lower than the efficiency of GTCC standalone peak-shaving power generation. For every 1% increase in peak shaving depth, hydrogen production increases by about 0.1 t/h, and CO2 emissions from natural gas combustion decrease by 0.64 t/h. Considering storage costs and weather impacts, when the unit operates for 8 hours per day, as the peak periods for wind and solar generation increase from 0 to 1.5 hours, the hydrogen blending volume ratio increases to 30%, and the average efficiency of the hydrogen storage-release cycle increases from the baseline 56.7% to 62.5%; When the daily online duration of renewable energy reaches 2.5 hours, the average efficiency within the cycle can reach 67.1%. When the ratio of peak-shaving subsidy to electricity price is less than 0.2, the cost-to-output ratio initially decreases and then increases with the ratio of stored to grid electricity. When the subsidy-to-electricity price ratio is greater than 0.2, the cost-to-output ratio continuously increases with the stored-to-grid electricity ratio.

, authors=Yifeng WANG, Junfeng XIAO, Mengqi HU, Lin XIA, Xiaolong LIAN, Zongli SHI, authorsList=Yifeng WANG, Junfeng XIAO, Mengqi HU, Lin XIA, Xiaolong LIAN, Zongli SHI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1295064864662250199, articleId=1295064857095725746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=GTCC-SOEC制氢储能耦合深度调峰系统建模研究, columnId=1295064778645459420, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=多类型储能辅助调峰调频技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

构建了燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组(gas turbine combined cycle,GTCC)耦合固体氧化物电解槽(solid oxide electrolysis cell,SOEC)的制氢储能深度调峰(小于30%额定容量)模型,论证了制氢储能消纳可再生能源的系统内电热资源高效匹配的可行性。通过机器学习预测GTCC变工况发电功率,利用余热锅炉模型计算蒸汽参数,并结合SOEC热化学模型计算制氢电耗和热耗。结果表明:SOEC电解电压和制氢量可快速响应输入电能的变化,生成氢气的热惯性温差能稳定在25~27 ℃;当调峰深度(可再生能源消纳量和额定容量的比值)从50%增至100%时,储能调峰系统整体效率从47.8%升高至55.3%;GTCC-SOEC消纳可再生能源使制氢总能耗从6.7 kJ/m³降低到5.8 kJ/m3,降幅达13.4%;SOEC制氢热耗约为制氢电耗的80%,耦合制氢系统效率比GTCC单独调峰发电效率仅低3.15%~3.34%;调峰深度每提升1%,制氢量可增加约0.1 t/h,天然气燃烧排放CO2可减少0.64 t/h。考虑储能成本和天气影响后,机组日运行8 h,当风、光大发时段从0增长到1.5 h,掺氢体积比增至30%,而储氢-释氢循环内平均效率从基准值56.7%升高到62.5%;当可再生能源每日上网时长达到2.5 h,储氢-释氢循环内平均效率能达到67.1%;当储能调峰补贴与电价之比小于0.2时,成本产值率随储-网电量之比的增大呈先降后升趋势,当补贴与电价之比大于0.2时,成本产值率随储-网电量之比的增大而持续升高。

, authors=王一丰, 肖俊峰, 胡孟起, 夏林, 连小龙, 史宗历, authorsList=王一丰, 肖俊峰, 胡孟起, 夏林, 连小龙, 史宗历, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

王一丰(1994),男,博士,主要研究方向为联合循环机组效能诊断与节能优化,

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王一丰(1994),男,博士,主要研究方向为联合循环机组效能诊断与节能优化,

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journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064857095725746, language=CN, label=图12, caption=燃料流量和低位热值随掺氢体积比变化曲线, figureFileSmall=OHl/bBqCbWvWdzHeT2VRaQ==, figureFileBig=smrEa+m04L5Mk4bOR0cm9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064870999843612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064857095725746, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Change curves of electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen temperature of the SOEC, figureFileSmall=M7/eEwtYltb9DP3UdTRjyA==, figureFileBig=5L4YafonzKYAxT8GbOgrlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064871079535389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064857095725746, language=CN, label=图13, caption=SOEC电解氢气和氧气温度的变化曲线, figureFileSmall=M7/eEwtYltb9DP3UdTRjyA==, figureFileBig=5L4YafonzKYAxT8GbOgrlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064871150838558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064857095725746, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Change curves of the GTCC-SOEC system efficiency with peak-shaving depth, figureFileSmall=5FkPfgGh9Jl1t8y/CoF+Ug==, figureFileBig=33V9QaYdtzxvhJI9z4XReg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064871213753119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064857095725746, language=CN, label=图14, caption=GTCC-SOEC系统效率随调峰深度的变化曲线, figureFileSmall=5FkPfgGh9Jl1t8y/CoF+Ug==, figureFileBig=33V9QaYdtzxvhJI9z4XReg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064872895669024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064857095725746, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Change curves of the total energy and electric power consumption during hydrogen production in the GTCC-SOEC system with peak-shaving depth, figureFileSmall=TgucEji+S/RT7+OVYsJeQA==, figureFileBig=wirbkuOgYjXIQPTQj9cJhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064872954389281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064857095725746, language=CN, label=图15, caption=GTCC-SOEC制氢能耗和电耗随调峰深度变化曲线, figureFileSmall=TgucEji+S/RT7+OVYsJeQA==, figureFileBig=wirbkuOgYjXIQPTQj9cJhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064873017303842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064857095725746, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=Change curves of cycle efficiency and doping volume ratio with hydrogen storage time, figureFileSmall=NBWPFHO9ZRbdv6xLZvPCeA==, figureFileBig=XHeLqiEhHq5g3fILcizSAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064873092801315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064857095725746, language=CN, label=图16, caption=储氢循环效率和掺氢体积比随储氢时长变化曲线, figureFileSmall=NBWPFHO9ZRbdv6xLZvPCeA==, figureFileBig=XHeLqiEhHq5g3fILcizSAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064873159910180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064857095725746, language=EN, label=Fig.17, caption=Change curves of energy storage peak-shaving cost output value rate with electricity price and subsidy, figureFileSmall=WERNlsgVIZVMi7hjXMCd5A==, figureFileBig=oz40i4HDiNNNUsKM/B8sCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064873214436133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064857095725746, language=CN, label=图17, caption=储能调峰成本产值率随电价和补贴的变化曲线, figureFileSmall=WERNlsgVIZVMi7hjXMCd5A==, figureFileBig=oz40i4HDiNNNUsKM/B8sCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064873315099430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064857095725746, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Boundary conditions and fuel parameters of the GTCC unit under operating conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值项目数值
天然气低位热值/((kW·h)·kg–113.5环境压力/kPa101.56
度电碳排放量/(kg·(kW·h)–10.184环境湿度/%79
氢气低位热值/((kW·h)·kg–133.3环境温度/℃15.2
氢气低位热值/(MJ·m–310.8满载容量/MW390
天然气低位热值/(MJ·m–335.8满载效率/%56.7
), ArticleFig(id=1295064873386402599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064857095725746, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

GTCC机组在运行工况下的边界条件和燃料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值项目数值
天然气低位热值/((kW·h)·kg–113.5环境压力/kPa101.56
度电碳排放量/(kg·(kW·h)–10.184环境湿度/%79
氢气低位热值/((kW·h)·kg–133.3环境温度/℃15.2
氢气低位热值/(MJ·m–310.8满载容量/MW390
天然气低位热值/(MJ·m–335.8满载效率/%56.7
), ArticleFig(id=1295064873466094376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064857095725746, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Calculation results and verifications of the HRSG model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Python模型运行数据误差/%
燃气轮机排气温度/K877.15
燃气轮机排气流量/(kg·s–1662.1
主蒸汽温度/K829.968300
主蒸汽压力/kPa9.869.99–1.30
主蒸汽流量/(kg·s–179.7378.71.31
再热蒸汽温度/℃833.518330.06
再热蒸汽压力/kPa2.252.3–2.17
再热蒸汽流量/(kg·s–188.8487.31.76
低压蒸汽温度/K568.31569.4–0.19
低压蒸汽流量/(kg·s–111.8212.1–2.31
低压蒸汽压力/kPa0.410.42–2.38
排烟温度/kPa81.182.1–1.22
), ArticleFig(id=1295064873549980457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064857095725746, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

HRSG模型计算结果及验证

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Python模型运行数据误差/%
燃气轮机排气温度/K877.15
燃气轮机排气流量/(kg·s–1662.1
主蒸汽温度/K829.968300
主蒸汽压力/kPa9.869.99–1.30
主蒸汽流量/(kg·s–179.7378.71.31
再热蒸汽温度/℃833.518330.06
再热蒸汽压力/kPa2.252.3–2.17
再热蒸汽流量/(kg·s–188.8487.31.76
低压蒸汽温度/K568.31569.4–0.19
低压蒸汽流量/(kg·s–111.8212.1–2.31
低压蒸汽压力/kPa0.410.42–2.38
排烟温度/kPa81.182.1–1.22
), ArticleFig(id=1295064873621283626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064857095725746, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Design parameters of the SOEC

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值项目数值
电极长度z/m0.234 5换热器固体热容cp,s/(J·(kg·K)–1595
电极宽度y/m0.234 5换热器固体密度ρs/(kg·m–37 740
电极厚度x/m0.001换热器固体导热系数/m36.23
孔隙率ε0.326吹扫气-空气换热面积/m25 522
曲折度ξ3氢气-水蒸气换热面积/m24 640
特征长度σ(H2O)/m2.64×10–10扩散碰撞系数Ω(H259.7
特征长度σ(H2)/m2.83×10–10扩散碰撞系数Ω(O2106.7
特征长度σ(O2)/m3.47×10–10扩散碰撞系数Ω(H2O)809.1
换热器换热系数/(W·(m2 K)–1100
), ArticleFig(id=1295064873688392491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064857095725746, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

SOEC设计参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值项目数值
电极长度z/m0.234 5换热器固体热容cp,s/(J·(kg·K)–1595
电极宽度y/m0.234 5换热器固体密度ρs/(kg·m–37 740
电极厚度x/m0.001换热器固体导热系数/m36.23
孔隙率ε0.326吹扫气-空气换热面积/m25 522
曲折度ξ3氢气-水蒸气换热面积/m24 640
特征长度σ(H2O)/m2.64×10–10扩散碰撞系数Ω(H259.7
特征长度σ(H2)/m2.83×10–10扩散碰撞系数Ω(O2106.7
特征长度σ(O2)/m3.47×10–10扩散碰撞系数Ω(H2O)809.1
换热器换热系数/(W·(m2 K)–1100
), ArticleFig(id=1295064873755501356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064857095725746, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Comparison between the calculation results of SOEC model and the published experimental data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Python模型实验数据[8]误差/%
氢气产量/(kg·s–12.432.52.80
电解耗电量/MW310.29
吹扫气增压泵耗电/MW23.1
供热蒸汽加热器耗电/MW6.39
散热损失/%3
总耗电量/MW349.97362.773.64
单位体积制氢能耗/((kW·h)·m–33.573.60.83
), ArticleFig(id=1295064873814221613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064857095725746, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

SOEC模型计算结果与文献实验数据对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Python模型实验数据[8]误差/%
氢气产量/(kg·s–12.432.52.80
电解耗电量/MW310.29
吹扫气增压泵耗电/MW23.1
供热蒸汽加热器耗电/MW6.39
散热损失/%3
总耗电量/MW349.97362.773.64
单位体积制氢能耗/((kW·h)·m–33.573.60.83
), ArticleFig(id=1295064873906496302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064857095725746, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Design parameters of the hydrogen storage device

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值项目数值
储氢压力/MPa35储氢温度/℃25
储氢密度NIST值/(kg·m–323.2储氢效率/%90
单日储氢量/℃15.2装置容积/m31 793
), ArticleFig(id=1295064873977799471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064857095725746, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

储氢装置设计参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值项目数值
储氢压力/MPa35储氢温度/℃25
储氢密度NIST值/(kg·m–323.2储氢效率/%90
单日储氢量/℃15.2装置容积/m31 793
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GTCC-SOEC制氢储能耦合深度调峰系统建模研究
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王一丰 , 肖俊峰 , 胡孟起 , 夏林 , 连小龙 , 史宗历
热力发电 | 多类型储能辅助调峰调频技术 2026,55(2): 158-169
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热力发电 |多类型储能辅助调峰调频技术 2026 , 55 (2) : 158 -169
GTCC-SOEC制氢储能耦合深度调峰系统建模研究
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王一丰 , 肖俊峰, 胡孟起, 夏林, 连小龙, 史宗历
作者信息
  • 西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
作者简介:

王一丰(1994),男,博士,主要研究方向为联合循环机组效能诊断与节能优化,

Research on modeling of GTCC-SOEC hydrogen-production energy storage system coupled with deep peak-shaving
Yifeng WANG , Junfeng XIAO, Mengqi HU, Lin XIA, Xiaolong LIAN, Zongli SHI
Affiliations
  • Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
出版时间: 2026-02-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202506112
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构建了燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组(gas turbine combined cycle,GTCC)耦合固体氧化物电解槽(solid oxide electrolysis cell,SOEC)的制氢储能深度调峰(小于30%额定容量)模型,论证了制氢储能消纳可再生能源的系统内电热资源高效匹配的可行性。通过机器学习预测GTCC变工况发电功率,利用余热锅炉模型计算蒸汽参数,并结合SOEC热化学模型计算制氢电耗和热耗。结果表明:SOEC电解电压和制氢量可快速响应输入电能的变化,生成氢气的热惯性温差能稳定在25~27 ℃;当调峰深度(可再生能源消纳量和额定容量的比值)从50%增至100%时,储能调峰系统整体效率从47.8%升高至55.3%;GTCC-SOEC消纳可再生能源使制氢总能耗从6.7 kJ/m³降低到5.8 kJ/m3,降幅达13.4%;SOEC制氢热耗约为制氢电耗的80%,耦合制氢系统效率比GTCC单独调峰发电效率仅低3.15%~3.34%;调峰深度每提升1%,制氢量可增加约0.1 t/h,天然气燃烧排放CO2可减少0.64 t/h。考虑储能成本和天气影响后,机组日运行8 h,当风、光大发时段从0增长到1.5 h,掺氢体积比增至30%,而储氢-释氢循环内平均效率从基准值56.7%升高到62.5%;当可再生能源每日上网时长达到2.5 h,储氢-释氢循环内平均效率能达到67.1%;当储能调峰补贴与电价之比小于0.2时,成本产值率随储-网电量之比的增大呈先降后升趋势,当补贴与电价之比大于0.2时,成本产值率随储-网电量之比的增大而持续升高。

联合循环发电  /  余热锅炉  /  深度调峰  /  固体氧化物电解器  /  动态建模

A model for hydrogen production and storage during deep peak-shaving (less than 30% of rated capacity) was established by coupling a gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) unit with a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), demonstrating the feasibility of efficiently matching electrothermal resources within the system to accommodate renewable energy. Machine learning was used to predict GTCC variable-load power output, heat recovery boiler models were used to calculate steam parameters, and SOEC thermochemical models were applied to determine hydrogen production electricity and heat consumption. Results show that SOEC electrolysis voltage and hydrogen production can quickly respond to changes in input electrical energy, with the thermal inertia temperature difference of hydrogen production stabilizing at 25~27 ℃. When the peak shaving depth (the ratio of accommodated renewable energy to rated capacity) increased from 50% to 100%, the overall efficiency of the energy storage peak shaving system rose from 47.8% to 55.3%. Using GTCC-SOEC to accommodate renewable energy reduced the total energy consumption of hydrogen production from 6.7 kJ/m³ to 5.8 kJ/m³, with a reduction of 13.4%. SOEC hydrogen production heat consumption is about 80% of the electricity consumption, and the efficiency of the coupled hydrogen production system is only approximately 3.15%~3.34% lower than the efficiency of GTCC standalone peak-shaving power generation. For every 1% increase in peak shaving depth, hydrogen production increases by about 0.1 t/h, and CO2 emissions from natural gas combustion decrease by 0.64 t/h. Considering storage costs and weather impacts, when the unit operates for 8 hours per day, as the peak periods for wind and solar generation increase from 0 to 1.5 hours, the hydrogen blending volume ratio increases to 30%, and the average efficiency of the hydrogen storage-release cycle increases from the baseline 56.7% to 62.5%; When the daily online duration of renewable energy reaches 2.5 hours, the average efficiency within the cycle can reach 67.1%. When the ratio of peak-shaving subsidy to electricity price is less than 0.2, the cost-to-output ratio initially decreases and then increases with the ratio of stored to grid electricity. When the subsidy-to-electricity price ratio is greater than 0.2, the cost-to-output ratio continuously increases with the stored-to-grid electricity ratio.

combined cycle power generation  /  heat recovery steam generator  /  deep peak regulation  /  solid oxide electrolysis cell  /  dynamic modeling
王一丰, 肖俊峰, 胡孟起, 夏林, 连小龙, 史宗历. GTCC-SOEC制氢储能耦合深度调峰系统建模研究. 热力发电, 2026 , 55 (2) : 158 -169 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202506112
Yifeng WANG, Junfeng XIAO, Mengqi HU, Lin XIA, Xiaolong LIAN, Zongli SHI. Research on modeling of GTCC-SOEC hydrogen-production energy storage system coupled with deep peak-shaving[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2026 , 55 (2) : 158 -169 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202506112
近年来,随着国家“双碳”战略目标的实施,新能源电力装机容量占比提高、上网电量大幅增加,风电、光伏、潮汐发电等易受环境气候影响,遇到极端恶劣天气时甚至大量频繁停机,因此必须保持足够多的火电机组处于运行状态,承担新能源的调节与应急,这对火电机组具备宽程的负荷调节范围、快速响应电网的实时调度提出了更高的需求。调峰是指通过调节电源出力或负荷,匹配电网日内负荷曲线波动。根据国家发展改革委、国家能源局印发的《电力系统调节能力优化专项行动实施方案(2025—2027年)》,我国将在具备条件的地区适度布局一批调峰气电项目,进一步提升气电调峰能力。燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组(gas turbine combined cycle,GTCC)在低负荷工况下性能指标水平会降低,其高效环保优势在深度调峰期间难以发挥,获取大容量调峰补贴的潜力尚未得到应用[1],跟随电网频繁升降负荷和启停也会给热力设备带来潜在的寿命折损和安全风险。
为满足电网消纳可再生能源的指标要求,需集成储能系统拓展机组的调峰容量,以解决机组深度调峰时经济性变差、安全风险升高的问题。制氢储能装置可辅助GTCC开展深度调峰[2],其中固体氧化物电解槽(solid oxide electrolysis cell,SOEC)是电解水制氢技术路线中效率、产率最高的方式之一[3]。一方面,GTCC深度调峰容量达到百兆瓦级,SOEC及其逆向燃料电池(solid oxide fuel cell,SOFC)系统的负载范围较宽且能快速变化负荷,能应对不同负荷下的GTCC深度调峰[4];另一方面,SOEC制氢技术与燃气轮机已有的掺氢发电技术契合度高,将氢气作为燃料可以提高能源利用效率[5]。合理配置储能系统减小机组出力可获取更多深度调峰补贴[6],以《福建省电力调峰辅助服务市场交易规则(试行)(2022年修订版)》为例,火力发电企业以基准负荷(额定出力)分级报价,额定容量40%~64%调峰深度的补贴达600元/(kW·h),65%~100%调峰深度的补贴达1 000元/(kW·h)。
近年来,将SOEC集成于火电机组的储能调峰系统成为研究热点。王林等[7-8]提出并利用Aspen软件建立了SOEC与燃煤机组耦合的火电机组灵活性改造方案和全容量长寿命调峰模型。刘晓莎等[9]利用Aspen软件建立了集成SOEC的火电深度调峰系统模型,并设计了能效与成本优先的2套方案。王林等[10]建立了SOEC集成煤电调峰方案的经济性分析模型,分析结果表明投用储能系统后可实现调峰收益增加、设备延寿、降耗减碳。曹炜等[11]建立了火电机组的制氢调峰模型,通过分析电网综合负荷得出制氢系统容量优化配置方案。胡任智等[12]建立了SOEC的调峰调度模型,量化了调峰贡献并分析了补贴的合理分配。Arslan等人[13]建立了集成SOEC的燃煤机组模型,将SOEC的第二产物氧气用于锅炉燃烧,结果表明整体机组发电量减少,发电系统总体能源效率升高。Hosseini[14-16]建立了集成SOEC的燃气轮机发电系统变工况模型,分析了燃气轮机的发电量和SOEC蒸汽温度、电极特性对SOEC变工况运行规律的影响,还建立了匹配光伏发电的调峰模型,结果表明混合系统的气耗和能耗减少。Wang等人[17]使用MATLAB建立了SOEC-GTCC系统模型,结果表明集成系统相比于原发电系统,余热锅炉蒸汽热能的利用效率提高。Li等人[18]使用Aspen Plus软件建立了SOEC-GTCC调峰系统模型,结果表明该系统能够保持良好的机组发电效率。黄呈帅等[19]建立了SOEC-GTCC调峰系统模型,分析了GTCC掺氢比例和蒸汽循环抽汽系数对系统性能影响。Zoghi等人[20]和Pirkandi等人[21]使用EES软件建立了SOFC-GTCC系统模型,结果表明集成系统比原发电系统具有更佳的性能。Nourpour等人[22]使用Thermoflex软件建立了SOFC-GTCC系统调峰模型,对余热锅炉蒸汽输入SOFC的发电功率增益进行了灵敏度分析。佟勇婧等[23]使用Aspen Plus软件建立了SOFC-GTCC零碳排放混合动力系统模型。
综上所述,虽然已有大量关于SOEC集成火电机组的研究,但是对GTCC-SOEC氢储能发电深度调峰还有待自主建模和实验研究。因此,本文在建立SOEC电化学反应动态模型的基础上,结合神经网络算法对GTCC机组历史数据深度挖掘,再利用Python语言编程建立三压再热余热锅炉全容量模型,分析SOEC-GTCC深度调峰的性能与效益。
SOEC将多余的电能同步、高效地转化为氢气,即时消纳波动的可再生能源出力,减轻电网调峰压力;GTCC则负责在SOEC处理了快速波动后,进行更长时间尺度、更大功率范围的稳定调节。SOEC的快速动作减少了GTCC的调频调峰次数,使其运行在更平稳、高效的工况下,因此能延长发电设备寿命。图1给出了火电制氢储能深度调峰运行模式原理。如图1a)所示,在GTCC传统调峰运行模式下,机组按照电网调度要求的供电量低负荷单独参与调峰,为可再生能源腾出容量,弃掉多余的可再生能源,预计能获得额定容量0~30%调峰深度的电价补贴。图1b)中,在GTCC-SOEC极限调峰运行模式下,余热锅炉所产蒸汽和机组所发电量全部被制氢储能系统消纳,为全部可再生能源腾出容量,调峰时段的储氢全部与天然气掺烧发电。机组对电网的输出功率则降低为零,预计能获得额定容量30%~100%调峰深度的电价补贴。
GTCC-SOEC系统示意如图2所示。该系统包含燃气轮机(gas turbine,GT)、余热锅炉(heat recovery steam generator,HRSG)、汽轮机、凝汽器、发电机、泵等设备。
图3为GTCC-SOEC系统控制流程。图4为Python得到的SOEC流程示意。GTCC-SOEC系统包括制氢、储氢和余热回收模块,两级加热器用于冷却生产的高温氢气和氧气,回收热量用于预热蒸汽和空气,此外还设置了一级加热器调节蒸汽温度。
图5为Python得到的余热锅炉系统流程示意。余热锅炉的三压换热系统分为高压、中压、低压3个模块,共14级换热器。余热锅炉生产的高压蒸汽和一部分中压蒸汽供应汽轮机用于满足电网需求,另一部分中压蒸汽和低压蒸汽被制氢储能系统电解为氢气和氧气。
SOEC制氢系统包括电解槽、换热器、储氢罐以及气泵,电解槽由多个电解单元封装而成。其工作过程为:含有少量氢气的高温水蒸气从SOEC阴极侧进入电解槽,蒸汽移动到阴极被还原形成氢气和氧离子,然后氢气扩散至阴极并被收集,氧离子通过电解质迁移到阳极被氧化形成氧气,在阳极侧送入吹扫空气以加快氧气的收集。电解水产生的热氢气和部分蒸汽通过换热器加热从余热锅炉输送到SOEC中的带压蒸汽,热空气通过换热器加热常温吹扫空气。模型的核心是精确计算电解池在实际工作状态下的总工作电压,分解公式如下:
VSOEC=ENernst+Eact+Vohm+VconcENernst=1.2532.452×104T+
RT2Fln(p(H2)p0(H2O)p(O2)p0)
Vact=RTFsinh1(J2kexp(EactRT))
Vohm=3exp(10300T)Jde
Vconc,c=RT2Fln(1+JRTdc2FD(H2O)p(H2)1JRTdc2FD(H2O)p(H2O))
1D(H2O)=ξε(pσ2ΩDT1.52rpRT)
式中:VSOEC是电解池电势,V;Enernst是能斯特电势,V;Vconc是浓度过电位;Vact是活化过电位;Vohm是欧姆过电位;R是气体常数,J/(mol·K);F是法拉第常数,A·s/mol;T是电解池运行温度,K;p(H2)是氢气分压,Pa;p(H2O)是蒸汽分压,Pa;p0是大气压力,Pa;p是SOEC运行压力,Pa。J是能流密度,10–5 A/m2k是能流密度系数,A/m2Eact是活化能,J/mol;de是电解层厚度,m;D(H2O)是蒸汽扩散系数,cm2/s;dc是阴极电极厚度,m;δ是特征长度,10–10m;ε是孔隙率;ξ是曲折度;rp是孔的半径,m;Ω是扩散碰撞系数,由Lennard-Jones 势能系数计算得到。
然后,将单电池的性能放大到电解堆系统,计算产氢能力、物料消耗及总电功率需求,公式如下:
WSOEC=JAcellNcellVSOEC
N(H2O)=N(H2)=JAcellNcell2F
cp,hmhdThdt=hhAh(TwTh)
cp,cmcdTcdt=hcAc(TwTc)
ρscp,sksdThdt=hhAh(ThTs)hcAc(TsTc)
式中:Acell是电解槽有效面积,m2Ncell是电解槽内单元数;WSOEC是SOEC耗电量,W;N(H2)是生成的氢气量,mol/s;N(H2O)是SOEC需要的蒸汽量,mol/s。cp,ccp,h分别是换热器冷端、热端气体的定压比热容,J/(kg·K);cp,s是换热器的固体比热容,J/(kg·K);mhmc分别是换热器热端、冷端气体流量,kg/s;hhhc分别是热端、冷端气体的换热系数,J/(s∙m2∙K);ThTc分别是换热器热端、冷端气体温度,K;Ts是换热器固体温度,K;AhAc分别是热端、冷端的换热面积,m2ks是换热器固体导热系数,m3ρs是换热器固体密度,kg/m3
GTCC模型沿用文献[24-25]的计算方法,依据《燃气轮机余热锅炉性能试验规程》(ASME PTC 4.4—2008),计算余热锅炉换热器热力性能。其中余热锅炉总能量平衡公式如下:
Q=(MGTA+MGTF)hin,g+MGTAhin,a+MCRHhCRH+MFWhFW
Q=(MGTA+MGTF)hout,g+MGTAhout,a+QL+MHPhHP+MRHhRH+MLHhLH+MFGHhFGH
式中:MGTA是理论空气流量,kg/s;MGTF是燃料流量,kg/s;MGTA是过量空气流量,kg/s;hin,g是余热锅炉进口烟气焓值,kJ/kg;hin,a是余热锅炉进口空气焓值,kJ/kg;MCRH是冷再热蒸汽流量,kg/s;hCRH是冷再热蒸汽焓值,kJ/kg;MFW是余热锅炉给水流量,kg/s;hFW是余热锅炉给水焓值,kJ/kg;hout,g是余热锅炉出口烟气焓值,kJ/kg;hout,a是余热锅炉出口空气焓值,kJ/kg;MHPMRHMLH分别是高压、再热和低压主蒸汽流量,kg/s;hHPhRHhLH分别是高压、再热、低压主蒸汽焓值,kJ/kg;MFGH是性能加热器给水流量,kg/s;hFGH是性能加热器给水焓值,kJ/kg;QL是散热损失,W。冷再热蒸汽流量根据冷再热蒸汽流量与高压过热蒸汽流量的设计比例计算得到。汽轮机采用Stodola计算公式:
mstTinPinmstTin,dPin,d=1(poutpin)21(pout,dpin,d)2
Wst=mst(hs,ouths,in)(ηst+xxd2)
式中:mst是汽轮机蒸汽流量,kg/s;Tin是汽轮机入口蒸汽温度,K;pinpout是汽轮机入口和出口蒸汽压力,Pa;Wst是汽轮机缸功率,W;hinhout是汽轮机入口和出口蒸汽焓值,kJ/kg;x是缸出口蒸汽干度;ηst是汽轮机效率;下标d表示设计值。
Dpeakshaving=ΔWrenewableWGTCC,0
式中:Dpeak-shaving是调峰深度,%;ΔWrenewable是消纳可再生能源发电量,W;WGTCC,0是机器学习模型预测GTCC单独参与调峰时发电功率,W。
余热锅炉效率计算公式为:
ηHRSG=1Mgas(houthflue)+LHRSGMgas(hinhflue)
式中:ηHRSG是余热锅炉效率,%;Mgas是烟气流量,kg/s;houthin分别是HRSG出口、入口烟气焓值,kJ/kg;hflue是烟囱烟气焓值,kJ/kg;LHRSG是HRSG热损失,kJ。
ηSOEC=M(H2)(hLHV(H2)+h(H2))WSOEC+Mh(hhhc)
式中:ηSOEC是SOEC系统效率,%;WSOEC是SOEC耗电量,W;Mh是GTCC对SOEC抽汽流量,kg/s;hh是GTCC对SOEC抽汽焓值,kJ/kg;hc是补水焓值,kJ/kg;M(H2)是SOEC生产氢气流量,kg/s;hLHV(H2)是氢气的低位热值,kJ/kg;h(H2)是氢气的显焓,kJ/kg。
ηGTCCSOEC=WGTCC+M(H2)hLHV(H2)MfhLHV
式中:ηGTCC-SOEC是制氢调峰系统效率,%;WGTCC是GTCC实际上网电量,W;Mf是燃料流量,kg/s;hfLHV是燃料的低位发热量,kJ/kg。
ηavg=WGTCC,0+MfhLHVTreleaseηreleaseQfM(H2)hLHV(H2)Tstorageηstorage
式中:ηavg是储氢循环内平均效率,%;Qf是燃料总耗量,J;ηrelease是释氢发电效率,%;ηstorage是储氢效率,折算了氢气加压和泄漏的损耗,%。
ηeco=relec+rpeakingRstorage1+RstorageηGTCCSOEC
Rstorage=WSOECWGTCC
式中:ηeco是燃料成本产值率,能直观评价电价和燃料价格相关的经济性;Rstorage是储-网电量比;relec是电价与天然气价格之比;rpeaking是制氢调峰补贴与天然气价格之比。
M(CO2)=M(H2)hLHV(H2)η(H2)C(CO2)ηNG
式中:M(CO2)是二氧化碳减排量,kg/s;η(H2)是氢气发电效率,%;ηNG是天然气发电效率,%;C(CO2)是天然气发电等效碳排放量,kg/(kW·h)。
根据国内某型GTCC的运行数据,Python语言模型的计算步骤流程如图6所示。
1)初始化与数据更新。设定时间步长起点,更新可再生能源发电量及环境参数;根据电网调度指令设定GTCC燃料量与进气量。
2)基础功率预测与系统设定。利用长短时记忆(long short-term memory,LSTM)神经网络机器学习模型[26],基于运行数据预测GTCC单独参与调峰时发电功率,同步设定SOEC耗电量占GTCC发电量的比例。
3)蒸汽-能量流协同计算。HRSG模型输入边界条件计算蒸汽参数,SOEC模型输入边界条件反推制氢所需蒸汽量,计算GTCC因抽汽供热损失的发电功率。
4)电平衡迭代与调峰验证。计算GTCC参与调峰的实际发电功率,若与SOEC耗电量未平衡,则动态调整GTCC运行参数和SOEC功率设定,直至实现系统内部电力供需匹配。
5)效率评估与时步推进。沿用GTCC掺氢发电模型[2],在平衡状态下计算GTCC-SOEC系统效率和经济效益,更新时间步长并循环执行。
图7展示了国内某GTCC电厂2020—2023年发电功率在电网负荷指令下主动适应变化的数据。采样频率为5 min,共32 300样本数据,最小技术出力是50 MW,最大技术出力是390 MW。
图7可见,机器学习模型根据燃料量、IGV角度和环境变量以及汽轮机背压预测发电功率。先将2020—2023年的数据根据训练集和验证集比例5:5进行划分,再将2023年的数据根据训练集和测试集比例7:3进行划分。经计算,验证集与预测集的平均绝对误差MAE为19.9 MW;而测试集与预测集的平均绝对误差为5.30 MW,相对平均误差仅为1.36%。说明机器学习模型能有效预测GTCC单独调峰时的发电功率。表1给出了GTCC运行边界和燃料参数,图8绘出了变工况下HRSG边界条件和GTCC效率的历史数据。表2列出了HRSG模型计算结果和运行数据的对比,从误差可看出HRSG模型的计算准确率较高。
表3列出了SOEC的设计数据;表4给出了SOEC模型计算结果与实验数据对比。根据图4所示的SOEC计算模型,详细区分了电解化学耗电和泵、加热器的耗电量。从误差数据可看出SOEC模型的计算准确率较高,氢气产量的相对误差为2.80%,总耗电量的相对误差为3.64%,制氢能耗的相对误差为0.83%。表5列出了储氢装置设计参数,其中装置容积根据单日的储氢量估算得到。
为了进一步模拟SOEC单独调峰从启动到稳定运行再停机的过程,设计SOEC边界条件为蒸汽量随时间呈阶梯变化而蒸汽温度保持不变。SOEC水蒸气消耗量和氢气生成量的调峰变化曲线如图9所示。由图9可以看出,氢气生成量与蒸汽消耗量随时间变化的趋势高度同步:在SOEC启动阶段均呈陡峭上升态势,后逐渐趋于稳定,在SOEC停机阶段迅速下降。
图10给出了SOEC耗电量和电解槽电势随时间的调峰变化曲线。由图10可以看出,电解槽单元电压与输入电量曲线呈显著正相关性,当输入电量经过2 h从0攀升至290 MW时,单元电压同步从初始1.00 V跃升至1.38 V。值得注意的是,在3~4 h,输入电量维持311 V不变时,电压仍微降至1.32 V,这是因为随着电解的进行电解质浓度变化导致过电位累积现象。
图11为SOEC电解氢气和氧气温度随时间的调峰变化曲线。由图11可以看出,SOEC在启动、平稳运行及停机全过程中,电解氢气温度呈先升后降趋势,而电解氧气温度则先降后升。其机理可归结为:氢气温度变化受反应动力学主导,阴极吸热反应随电能输入增强而加速,叠加欧姆热效应,促使氢气温度从985 ℃缓慢升至稳态1 012 ℃,停机时反应骤减导致温度快速回落。氧气温度变化由强制对流控制,阳极放热反应的热效应被阴极同步增大的吹扫空气流量掩盖,空气对氧气的稀释冷却作用引发温度初始下降并缓慢趋于稳态,蒸汽量随时间阶梯降低时氧气温度快速回升。
根据历史数据,机组响应电网调度每天运行时间共8 h(14:00–22:00)。其中风、光大发时段最长达4 h(14:00–18:00),GTCC-SOEC配合可再生能源调峰制氢。随着SOEC制氢量的增大,燃料掺氢体积比(范围0~50%[27])显著增加,GTCC向SOEC提供的供电功率也相应增大,导致机组的上网电量减小。经计算,当掺氢体积比为30%时,GTCC出力从390 MW降低到约300 MW。如图12所示,随着燃料掺氢体积比的升高,燃料流量降低而燃料热值升高;当掺氢体积比为30%时,燃料流量从13.75 kg/s减小到了12.90 kg/s,而燃料低位热值从50.0 MJ/kg升高到了53.6 MJ/kg。根据计算分析,输入GTCC的燃料热量基本没有变化,HRSG入口烟气流量、温度几乎不变,GTCC效率也基本保持在56.7%不变,这与文献[19]的结论一致。
若仅在可再生能源发电上网时段掺氢,GTCC负荷保持不变而通过改变SOEC制氢量进行调峰,最大调峰深度为36%,为实现深度调峰需要降低GTCC负荷。如图13所示,HRSG输入SOEC的蒸汽流量减小、温度降低。SOEC中蒸汽和水的温度以及吹扫空气的温度均随之升高,而SOEC生成的氢气的温度降低。以上规律是因为输入SOEC的蒸汽热量降低了,但为了保持生成物中氢气和水蒸气的比例不变,电解工作温度升高。
因此,在可再生能源上网时段(14:00—18:00)将调峰GTCC负荷率50%~100%内全部发电量用于制氢且全部储存;而在可再生能源停止发电的时段(18:00—22:00)将GTCC发电上网的同时利用储氢掺烧发电,最大限度平峰抑谷。
效率计算结果如图14所示,当调峰深度从50%增至100%时,HRSG效率从90.6%降低至88.5%,储能调峰系统整体效率从47.8%升高至55.3%;当调峰深度从100%降至50%时,GTCC单独调峰发电效率从57.1%降至49.4%;同时,SOEC系统制氢效率保持在95%左右。综上分析说明,如果GTCC仅向SOEC系统供电,GTCC输入SOEC的能量损耗约5%,因此耦合制氢系统的综合效率也应该比GTCC发电效率降低约5%。但由于GTCC输出部分抽汽直接向SOEC供热,耦合制氢系统效率比GTCC单独调峰发电效率仅低了约3.15%~3.34%。
能耗计算结果如图15所示,当调峰深度从50%提升至100%时,GTCC-SOEC制氢调峰系统的单位体积制氢总能耗从6.7 kJ/m3持续降至5.8 kJ/m3,单位体积制氢所需燃料的能耗降幅达13.4%。规律源于GTCC过剩的电力与HRSG富余的蒸汽热能被导入高效制氢系统,通过能源形态转化将难以并网的电力与低品位热能转化为氢能,提升了燃料综合利用率。SOEC制氢系统的单位体积制氢能耗等于电耗和热耗之和,由此从图15还可看出,SOEC制氢热耗小于制氢电耗,热耗约为电耗的80%。
综上可得,GTCC结合SOEC并不能直接提升能效,但是随调峰深度增加,GTCC腾出了可再生能源发电空间,SOEC消纳了可再生能源容量。
图16为储氢循环效率和掺氢体积比随储氢时长变化曲线。可以看出,随着风、光大发时段变长,无可再生能源电力时段变短,可再生能源发电增加,掺氢体积比增大,单日储氢循环周期内系统平均效率升高。由图16可见,当风、光大发时段的可再生能源上网时长从0增长到1.5 h,掺氢体积比从0增大到30%,而循环平均效率从基准值升高到62.5%;当可再生能源每日上网时长达到2.5 h,循环内平均效率能达到67.1%。
图17为GTCC-SOEC制氢成本产值率随储能耗电和上网电量之比的变化曲线。可以看出,当调峰补贴(元/%)与电价之比小于0.2时,随着储-网电量之比的增大,成本产值率呈现先降后升的趋势;当调峰补贴与电价之比大于0.2时,成本产值率随着储-网电量之比的增大而升高,而且随着调峰补贴增加,成本产值率提升幅度越大,综上,电厂当地调峰补贴对GTCC-SOEC的影响复杂:显然制氢需要耗费更多的天然气成本,但是随着储能量增大电厂竞取到更多补贴,然而储能装置的建造成本也会增大,同时还要考虑到节能性。经估算当调峰深度从0提升至100%时,GTCC-SOEC消纳可再生能源制氢带动CO2减排量同步攀升。通过量化分析可知,每提升1%调峰深度可增加制氢量0.1 t/h,减少天然气燃烧排放CO2 0.64 t/h。此外,发电厂作为中转站单日就地储能并消纳,能从空间上缓解储氢大规模应用的安全运输问题。
本文提出了利用SOEC拓展GTCC调峰容量与响应速度的方案与模型,用Python语言机理模型和机器学习训练模型迭代计算基于时间步长的蒸汽-能量流-电力平衡。结论如下:
1)储能调峰系统SOEC氢气产量与蒸汽消耗量、输入电量保持强同步性,运行功率可迅速调节至设定值。输入功率在0~290 MW范围内SOEC生成氢气的热惯性温差稳定在25~27 ℃;当掺氢体积比达到30%时,燃料流量则减小到12.90 kg/s。
2)制氢储能深度调峰能提高GTCC的运行性能。GTCC深度调峰场景下,当调峰深度从50%增至100%时,储能调峰系统整体效率从47.8%升高至55.3%;GTCC-SOEC消纳可再生能源使制氢总能耗从6.7 kJ/m³降低到5.8 kJ/m³,降幅达13.4%。每提升1%调峰深度可增加制氢量0.1 t/h,减少天然气燃烧排放CO2 0.64 t/h。
3)GTCC-SOEC配合可再生能源调峰全力制氢,可再生能源停止时段GTCC利用储氢掺烧发电的方案可行性强。机组日运行8 h,当风、光大发时段从0增长到1.5 h时,掺氢体积比增大到30%,而储氢-释氢循环平均效率从基准值56.7%升高到62.5%。
4)制氢储能极限调峰模式能提高GTCC的经济效益。当储能调峰补贴与电价之比小于0.2时,成本产值率随着储-网电量之比的增大呈先降后升趋势;当储能调峰补贴与电价之比大于0.2时,成本产值率随着储-网电量之比的增大而升高。
综上,通过将调峰负荷转化为储氢,可为可再生能源发电腾出上网空间并快速匹配电网需求,获得更高的调峰利润并辅助电网消纳大量新能源电力,改善当前火电企业面临上网电价倒挂或负电价的经营困境,为传统电厂提供兼顾效率稳定性与能源转化效益的可持续技术路径。
  • 基于数字孪生的重型燃机健康管理关键技术研究(配套)(T1-25-TYK38)
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2026年第55卷第2期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202506112
  • 接收时间:2025-06-22
  • 首发时间:2026-08-14
  • 出版时间:2026-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-22
  • 修回日期:2025-07-18
  • 录用日期:2025-07-28
基金
Research on Key Technologies for Health Management of Heavy-duty Gas Turbines Based on Digital Twins (Supporting)(T1-25-TYK38)
基于数字孪生的重型燃机健康管理关键技术研究(配套)(T1-25-TYK38)
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    西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202506112
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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